Abstract: A magnetism detection device includes: a substrate having a substrate front surface; a magnetism detection element provided at the substrate front surface; a first terminal and a second terminal arranged at positions on the substrate front surface separated from the magnetism detection element; and a front surface wiring formed over the substrate front surface and configured to electrically connect the first terminal and the second terminal, wherein the front surface wiring includes: a first wiring applying a magnetic field including a first direction component along a thickness direction of the substrate to the magnetism detection element when a current flows from the first terminal to the second terminal; and a second wiring applying a magnetic field including a second direction component, which is in an opposite direction of the first direction component, to the magnetism detection element when the current flows from the first terminal to the second terminal.

Abstract: A tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensing element includes a layer stack having a tantalum-nitride (TaN) layer; a reference layer system; a magnetic free layer having a magnetically free magnetization; and a tunnel barrier layer arranged between the reference layer system and the magnetic free layer. The reference layer system includes a pinned layer having a fixed pinned magnetization; a reference layer having a having a fixed reference magnetization; a coupling interlayer arranged between the pinned layer and the reference layer; and a natural antiferromagnetic (NAF) layer comprising iridium-manganese (IrMn), wherein the NAF layer is formed in direct contact with the TaN layer, wherein the NAF layer is configured to hold the fixed pinned magnetization in a first magnetic orientation and hold the fixed reference magnetization in a second magnetic orientation, and wherein the direct contact of the NAF layer with the TaN layer increases a blocking temperature of the NAF layer.

Abstract: A diamond magnetic sensor unit includes: a sensor part that includes a diamond having a color center with electron spin; an excitation light irradiation part that irradiates the diamond with excitation light; and a detection part that detects radiated light from the color center of the diamond, wherein the detection part detects the radiated light caused by irradiation of the diamond with the excitation light by the excitation light irradiation part without the diamond being irradiated with electromagnetic waves, and a conductive member that is disposed 10 mm or more apart from the sensor part, and transmits the electromagnetic waves can be included.

Abstract: A portable magnetic resonance imager has a probe. One or more magnets are disposed in the probe, creating at least one magnetic field to precess protons at a target. A magnetometer disposed in the probe has a light source and a nitrogen vacancy diamond. The light source projects a light on the nitrogen vacancy diamond. The nitrogen vacancy diamond fluoresces in response to the light. A photodetector detects the fluorescence and produces a signal in response thereto indicative of the decaying of precessing protons having precessed in the presence of the one or more magnets.

Abstract: Various examples are provided related to bimodal electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). In one example, a bimodal resonator includes a detection coil; first and second excitation coils, where the excitation coils are non-parallel separated by a fixed angle; and excitation controllers coupled to the first and second excitation coils. The excitation controllers can adjust radio frequency (RF) fields generated by the first and second excitation coils to produce a resonator field substantially parallel with the detection coil. In another example, a method including generating a first RF field by exciting the first excitation coil; generating a second RF field by exciting the second excitation coil; and producing a resonator field substantially parallel with a detection coil of the bimodal resonator by adjusting the RE field of the first excitation coil, the RF filed of the second excitation coil, or both.

Abstract: A method for producing planar gradient coils for MRI systems includes defining a planar surface along which one continuous current wire extends along a path for generating a gradient field along a spatial direction; defining the path of the continuous current wire as a spiral path of a single continuous wire filament; describing the spiral path of the continuous current wire by a parametric curve according to a modified version of the Pascal Limançons curve combined with the Archimede's spiral; applying the Biot-Savard law to evaluate the magnetic field generated by the continuous current wire extending along the spiral path; optimizing the parameters of the parametric curve for shaping the spiral path of the continuous current wire to generate a linear magnetic gradient field along the spatial direction and which gradient magnetic field is linear inside a predetermined volume of space permeated by the linear magnetic gradient field.

Abstract: According to the invention, a cable harness (7) for a magnetic resonance system is provided, wherein the cable harness (7) is adapted for being connected to a feeding point of a magnetic resonance radiofrequency coil device (1) on one end and for being connected to an input-output unit (6) for connecting the magnetic resonance radiofrequency coil device (1) with a control and analysis unit of the magnetic resonance system on the other end, wherein the cable harness (7) comprises at least one transmission line (8) for connecting the feeding point with the input-output unit (6) and multiple radiofrequency chokes (10) which are arranged within the cable harness (7). In this way, a bulky resonant RF traps can be avoided while still the B1-excitation field of the MR system can be compensated for and coupling to local nearby coils can be reduced.

Abstract: A coil unit can be configured for a reception coil to avoid interference between high-frequency circuits included in the reception coil and coupling with a transmission coil and to suppress an influence of the transmission coil on the high-frequency circuit of the reception coil. A coil unit of an MRI apparatus includes a plurality of coil elements arranged in a two-dimensional direction, a wiring line connected to each coil element and configured to bundle a signal line, and baluns provided at a plurality of positions of the wiring line, in which at least a part of the wiring line runs from one end toward other end in an arrangement direction of the coil elements while being folded back in a direction oblique to the arrangement direction.

Abstract: A magnet resonance system including a magnet, gradient coils, and radiofrequency coils. The gradient coils have one or more first electrically conductive loops that provide spatial encoding as to a subject of the system. The radiofrequency coils have one or more second electrically conductive loops that transmit a radiofrequency field to excite nuclear spins and/or receive an MRI signal. All or a portion of the one or more first electrically conductive loops and the one or more second electrically conductive loops are shared. The present teachings provide a device that integrates part of one or more gradient coils into part of one or more RF coils in a magnetic resonance system.

Abstract: A method for calculating a set of optimized initial B1-shims for an MR measurement is provided. A B1-shim includes a vector of complex B1-shim coefficients, each coefficient representing a scaling factor for one element of a multi-element transmit coil. The method includes receiving a set of previously measured B1-maps for one or more body parts of various test subjects, calculating a set of B1-shims for a plurality of different field-of-views in the one or more body parts using an optimization algorithm, and identifying which B1-shim has the best performance for a group of field-of-views using the previously measured B1-maps. The B1-shim is optimized for that group of field-of-views to obtain an optimized initial B1-shim.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for operating a magnetic resonance facility for recording a magnetic resonance data set may include, after the recording of all the reference data, before the establishment of the calibration data, an intensity adjustment of the reference data with respect to the different temporal position of time portions in which they were recorded is performed for the recording of the associated slice scan data. The intensity adjustment may include establishing a representative intensity value for each reference data set of a slice, forming an intensity progression for each time portion from the intensity values of the reference data sets recorded in the time portion, establishing a scaling of the intensity progressions relative to one another, and performing the intensity adjustment based on the scaling.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an image processing apparatus comprising: a processing circuitry configured to: acquire an MR signal emitted from an object by an RF pulse of a first MRI apparatus being applied to the object; and generate an image based on the acquired MR signal, an MR signal corresponding to a period when a second MRI apparatus outputs an RF pulse, being not used for generating the image.

Abstract: An MR sequence with a repetition in which a constant portion of the gradient strength adjoins a ramp portion. In the constant portion, an HF (high frequency) pulse is carried out. At the beginning of the constant portion, a specifiable decay duration is waited until the excitation pulse is carried out. During the decay duration, eddy current effects decay away.

Abstract: A method for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may include obtaining a plurality of first magnetic resonance (MR) data sets related to a region of interest (ROI) of a subject. The plurality of first MR data sets may be collected based on two or more different values of a scan parameter. The method may also include determining a plurality of second MR data sets based on the plurality of first MR data sets. Each of the plurality of second MR data sets may correspond to at least two of the plurality of first MR data sets. The method may also include generate, based on the plurality of second MR data sets, a plurality of T1 weighted images of the ROI each of which corresponds to a target time point.

Abstract: A calibration system for calibrating an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) current measurement system can include a calibration resistor, which can have a specified resistance and an unspecified reactance, a reactive element which can have a specified reactance and an unspecified resistance, and a current source, which can be configured to provide a specified current through the reactive element, through the calibration resistor, and through a sense resistor arrangement of the EIS current measurement system to be calibrated, where the sense resistor arrangement can have a resistance and a reactance.

Abstract: Techniques are described herein for imaging static or semi-static objects in a wireless power delivery environment and tracking non-static objects contained therein. More specifically, embodiments of the present disclosure describe techniques for determining the relative locations and movement of non-static objects in a wireless power delivery environment. Additionally, the techniques describe methods and systems for generation of motion-based maps such as heat (or dwell maps) and flow maps.

Abstract: A positioning signal sending method and apparatus are provided. A first signal is generated, where duration of a first rising edge of the first signal is less than duration of a first falling edge, the duration of the first rising edge is duration of a rising edge of a main lobe waveform of the first signal, and the duration of the first falling edge is duration of a falling edge of the main lobe waveform of the first signal; and the first signal is sent. In embodiments of this application, rising time of a main lobe waveform of a signal generated is short, and shorter rising time of the main lobe waveform is more conducive to distinguishing two adjacent paths or identifying a first arrival path of a received signal.

Abstract: A direction finding system can be configurable to: (i) access a baseline neural network initially configured to imitate behavior of a two-argument arctangent function; (ii) apply transfer learning to the baseline neural network to generate a calibrated neural network, wherein the transfer learning calibrates the baseline neural network to perform Watson-Watt direction finding without utilizing a lookup table for error correction; (iii) access measurement data acquired via the direction finding sensor array; (iv) generate preprocessed data by applying one or more preprocessing operations to the measurement data; (v) utilize the preprocessed data as input to the calibrated neural network; and (vi) output angle of arrival data, the angle of arrival data comprising output of the calibrated neural network.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the angle of arrival AOA of Classic Bluetooth Basic Rate (BR) packets, using a switched beam antenna SBA is described. Paging packets are transmitted and wide antenna beams, quadrants, are selected in turn until the paging response is received. After transmitting the synchronization packet and the temporary connection is established, narrow antenna beams are selected, in sequences and the average signal strength for each beam is recorded, for each sequence. The beam with the highest signal strength is returned as the AOA. Based upon which beam recorded the highest signal strength, the next sequence of antenna beams is selected.

Abstract: A direction finding system includes a multi-arm spiral antenna configured to receive a signal, a processor, and a memory including instructions. When executed by the processor, the instructions cause an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to detect amplitudes of voltage of the signal received by the multi-arm spiral antenna, estimate, by the AI algorithm, an elevation angle of the signal based on a frequency and the amplitudes of voltages of the signal, estimate, by the AI algorithm, an azimuth angle based on the frequency, the elevation angle, and the amplitudes, determine, by the AI, a rotational offset based on the frequency and a rotational model, and calculate and output, by the AI algorithm, a direction of a source of the signal based on the rotational offset and the azimuth angle.

Abstract: A system for storing position information in a field device comprises at least a field device and a mobile terminal. The field device has at least one sensor for detecting a physical variable and field device electronics to actuate the at least one sensor and including at least a control unit, a communication interface and a memory. A position determination unit in the mobile terminal is designed to determine position information for describing the position of the mobile terminal in a space. Communication interfaces of the mobile terminal and field device mutually exchange data, preferably short range, and transmit position information from the mobile terminal to the field device. The control unit of the field device stores position information determined by the mobile terminal and received via the communication interface in the memory. A corresponding field device and a corresponding method are also disclosed.

Abstract: Each of multiple entities has a respective attached mobile unit that transmits, periodically, a first radio message with identity information of the corresponding entity. At least three base stations receive the first radio message; and based thereon, forward, via a transmission line, the identity information and timing information indicating when the first radio message was received. A central unit communicatively connected to the at least one transmission line receives, via the transmission line, the identity and timing information from the base stations, and based thereon determines a position of the respective entity. Each mobile unit alters an energy density at which the first radio message is transmitted in response to a trigger input being generated depending on a position of the mobile unit relative to a stationary reference. Thus, the energy resources in the mobile units can be economized while attaining a desired positioning accuracy wherever needed.

Abstract: A position information reporting method includes: communicating by a first UE with a second UE to identify a first PRS measurement to be made by the second; receiving, by the first UE from the second UE via sidelink communication, first position information based on the first PRS measurement; and transmitting, from the first UE to a network entity, the first position information.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture for unmanned vehicle assistance for submerged host vehicles are disclosed. An example apparatus includes at least one memory, machine readable instructions, and processor circuitry to at least one of instantiate or execute the machine readable instructions to determine an occurrence of a reduced operational capability of a vehicle, the vehicle at least partially submerged in a body of water, cause an unmanned vehicle (UV) to separate from the vehicle in response to the occurrence of the reduced operational capability, and determine positional information corresponding to the UV based on the UV reaching or departing a surface of the body of the water.

Abstract: Positioning assistance data is broadcast by Transmission Reception Points (TRPs) that includes information that is specific for aerial user equipment (UEs) and information that is for terrestrial UEs. The positioning assistance data may be included in positioning System Information Blocks (posSIBs), and the information for the aerial UEs and information for the terrestrial UEs may be provided together in the posSIB or may be provided in separate posSIBs. The positioning assistance data, for example, may separately list, e.g., the TRPs, resource sets, or resources to be used for positioning aerial UEs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solution for managing a radio map based on radio fingerprinting measurements. A method comprises: acquiring a radio map of an area, the radio map based on radio frequency measurements performed between at least one access node of a wireless network and terminal devices within the area; detecting at least one gap in the radio map and determining geographical coordinates of the at least one gap; causing transmission of a message comprising at least one information element requesting for additional measurements and comprising the geographical coordinates of the at least one gap; in response to the message, receiving at least one radio frequency measurement report related to at least one terminal device and comprising radio frequency measurement data and at least one measurement location where the radio frequency measurement data has been measured; and updating the radio map on the basis of the radio frequency measurement data.

Abstract: Ultra-Wideband (UWB) ranging and location tracking, and particularly an UWB antenna array system and methods for improving the accuracy for Phase-Difference-of-Arrival (PDOA) is provided. UWB ranging may include receiving a poll signal from a client via a first and second antenna. PDOA between the first and second antenna is determined based on the poll signal. A response signal is transmitted to the client, and a first portion of a final signal is received via the first antenna and a third antenna and a second portion of the final signal is received via the second and third antenna. PDOA between the first and third antenna is determined based on the first portion, and PDOA between the second and third antenna is determined based on the second portion. The client location is then determined based on the PDOAs.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments for estimating risk associated with a user of a wireless device. In some embodiments, the risk relates to a risk of infection by a contagious disease. For example, in some embodiments, the contagious disease is Coronavirus 2019. In some embodiments, locations of multiple wireless devices are estimated based on signal strengths of signals associated with the devices. Neighboring devices are identified based on highest probability regions of the devices that are determined based on associated signals. A measure of proximity to other devices is then determined based on probabilities that each device is located in neighboring regions. The risk is then based on the measure of proximity. In some embodiments, a risk of a first user associated with a first wireless device is based, in part, on a risk of a second user within a proximity of the first user.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, there is a computer-implemented method including: detecting, by a processor set of a first sensor agent, sensor data from one or more sensors comprised in the first sensor agent; determining, by the processor set, an own series of estimates, based on the sensor data; transmitting, by the processor set, the own series of estimates; receiving, by the processor set, at least one additional series of estimates from additional sensor agents; restoring, by the processor set, in response to detecting that a second sensor agent of the additional sensor agents has become disconnected and then re-connected, the transmitting of the series of estimates to the second sensor agent and the receiving of the series of estimates from the second sensor agent; and outputting, by the processor set, based on the own series of estimates and the additional series of estimates, a series of consensus estimates.

Abstract: A method and system for determining a position of a transmitter includes synchronizing receivers by forwarding a list of measurement parameters from a central control unit to the receivers, wherein the list of measurement parameters contains a multiplicity of measurement time intervals, measuring signals by the receivers using the list of measurement parameters, forwarding data relating to the measured signals from the receivers to the central control unit, wherein the data relating to the measured signals contain a measurement time and a measurement position of the measured signal, and evaluating the forwarded data to determine the position of the transmitter by the central control unit.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising one processor and one memory including computer program code to: generate at least one sample corresponding to at least one radar/non-radar signal; form at least one spectrogram using time and frequency domain characteristics of the sample; wherein the spectrogram is formed via subdividing an observation window of the sample into time slots of a given duration, computing a power spectral density for a subset of the time slots having a higher determined energy relative to other time slots, and combining one or more computed power spectral densities of the subset; pass the spectrogram to a model to detect a presence of the radar signal and classify the radar signal as either interference/noise or radar present, and estimate a bandwidth of the detected radar signal; and determine the radar signal to be in-band or out-of-band relative to a shared spectrum hand, based on the estimated bandwidth.

Abstract: An array antenna includes M number of first array elements, N number of second array elements, at least one first link and at least one second link, where M?2, and/or N?2, and both of M and N are positive integers; where in a case where M?2, at least two of the M number of first array elements are connected to corresponding first switch units, respectively; and at least two of the first array elements electrically connected to the first switch units are electrically connected to a same first link; and/or in a case where N?2, at least two of the N number of second array elements are connected to corresponding second switch units, respectively; and at least two of the second array elements electrically connected to the second switch units are electrically connected to a same second link.

Abstract: An objective of the preset disclosure is to provide a loading-type surveying sensor using a CNT or a conductive polymer that implements a resistive antenna by spraying a carbon nanotube ink on a copper unclad substrate or implements a resistive antenna by using a conductive polymer, and a method of manufacturing the loading-type surveying sensor. In order to achieve the objective, a loading-type surveying sensor using a CNT or a conductive polymer according to the present disclosure includes: a copper unclad substrate; and a profile formed on the copper unclad substrate, in which a plurality of regions is formed with predetermined intervals for a sensor region to form the profile.

Abstract: A radar system is described. The system comprises a radiation transmission unit, a radiation collection unit, and a processing unit. The radiation transmission unit is configured to generate electromagnetic radiation formed by a plurality of quantum entangled photons comprising first transmitted photon (signal) and second reference photon (idler). The radiation transmission unit transmits the first transmitted photons toward a region to be inspected and measures the second reference photons to obtain and store measured data thereof. The radiation collection unit comprises at least one radiation collection element configured to receive photons reflected from one or more objects in said region and generate data indicative of one or more parameters of the collected photons.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a machine learning system for identifying and countering non-friendly radar networks. Methods of the disclosure include generating, in a machine learning module, an operational model of a radar network within an environment. An autonomous agent within the environment detects the radar network. The method also includes classifying the radar network as friendly or non-friendly based on the operational model. The method also includes generating, in a reinforcement learning module, a counter-radar maneuver based on the operational model in response to classifying the radar network as non-friendly. Embodiments of the disclosure implement the counter-radar maneuver via the autonomous agent in communication with the reinforcement learning module.

Abstract: Apparatus for and method of using derived information about the direction of propagation of an incoming radar beam to control radar return. The information about the direction of propagation of the incoming radar beam is used to alter aspects of a platform's orientation to control the cross section presented to the radar.

Abstract: The present invention relates to radar systems and associated methods of operation. In one aspect, the present invention relates to an automotive radar system including at least one receiver configured to receive radar signals, a processing system configured to receive from at least one receiver, a received radar signal, process the received radar signal to generate a data frame that has dimensions of M rows by M columns of elements from a covariance matrix, determine a rank N of the data frame. The system is further configured to set all elements in a first subset of columns numbered N through M of the data frame to zero values to create a padded data frame, calculate a pseudo-inverse value of the padded data frame, determine a direction of arrival of at least one target using the pseudo-inverse value, and control an operation of a vehicle using the direction of arrival.

Abstract: Radar-based range determination and validation. A reflected FMCW radar signal is received from a subject and sampled to generate sample vectors including signal samples for each frame of reflected radar signal. An FFT is applied to sample vectors to generate a range-time map (RTM) data matrix. An initial range estimate of subject is determined by: calculating a range score signal (RSS) by either: cross-multiplying a mean power per RTM range bin with a corresponding variance per range bin, or dividing variance per range bin with a zero-crossing per range bin to second exponent; identifying a maximum value index range bin having a maximum RSS value; and multiplying identified maximum value index range bin with a range bin spacing of range spectrum RSS. At least one physiological parameter is detected to verify that subject is a living entity. Range estimate is validated by determining if predetermined number of validity criteria met.

Abstract: A person detection device is provided with: a three-dimensional model generator which generates a three-dimensional model of a restricted area located in an area where water is discharged from a dam and in the surrounding area, on the basis of reflected light resulting from illumination of the restricted area with laser light; and a person detector which detects a person in the restricted area using the three-dimensional model.

Abstract: Operating the LIDAR system includes transmitting a system output signal from the LIDAR system such that a sample region is illuminated by the system output signal. Different portions of the system output signal are transmitted during different data periods. The method also includes combining light that returns to the LIDAR system from the system output signal with light from a reference signal so as to generate beating signals that are each associated with a different one of the data periods. A set of multiple candidate frequencies is generated for each of the data periods. Each of the candidate frequencies for a data period represents a possible beat frequency for the beating signal associated with the data period. The method further includes using the candidate frequencies for a check one of the data periods to identify which of the candidate frequencies for a subject one of the data periods is the beat frequency for the beating signal associated with the subject data period.

Abstract: A coated article includes: a substrate; a first dielectric layer including a metal oxide, metal alloy oxide, or a combination thereof and having a thickness of up to 40 nm over at least a portion of the substrate; a second dielectric layer having a thickness of up to 40 nm over at least a portion of the first dielectric layer; a third dielectric layer including a metal oxide, metal alloy oxide, or a combination thereof and having a thickness of at least 130 nm over at least a portion of the second dielectric layer; and a fourth dielectric layer having a thickness of at least 130 nm over at least a portion of the third dielectric layer; where the coated article, when contacted at 60° with light having a wavelength between 800 nm to 1,050 nm from a light source, transmits at least 75% of the light.

Abstract: A sensor assembly includes a bracket, a blower mounted to the bracket and supported by the bracket, and a sensor mounted to the bracket and supported by the bracket. The sensor includes a sensor window. The bracket is a single piece. The bracket includes a duct positioned to receive airflow directly from the blower. The duct includes a duct outlet positioned to direct the airflow traveling through the duct onto the sensor window.

Abstract: A light-emitting module includes a light source module, a collimating lens module and a deflecting diffraction module. The light source module includes at least two light source arrays. Each light source arrays is configured to emit beams of detection light. The collimating lens module is on an output side of the light source module and includes a plurality of collimating lenses. The deflecting diffraction module is on a side of the collimating lens module facing away the light source module. The deflecting diffraction module is configured to superimpose groups of the detection light.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a field of view of a LiDAR and a method for measuring a field of view of a LiDAR are disclosed. The apparatus for measuring a field of view of a LiDAR for measuring a field of view of a light source provided in a LiDAR, according to an aspect of the present disclosure, may include a first reflector having a first reflective surface formed on one side of the first reflector, a cradle capable of fixing the LiDAR so that a projection area is formed on the first reflective surface by light irradiated by the light source and adjusting a distance between the first reflective surface and the light source, a camera for photographing the first reflective surface where the projection area is formed, and a calculator to determine the field of view of the light source from photographing information collected by the camera.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus that can spread peak power dissipation (such as emitter power) in a lidar system over an increased range of time. Spreading the emitter power over time can provide several advantages. Dispersing the power supply noise and current spikes can reduce the load or stress on power supply components such as power transistors, decoupling capacitors, and others. Power supply noise and voltage drops can be reduced by allowing power supply decoupling capacitors time to recover between bursts of pulses. This can allow the use of lower-power transistors, smaller capacitors, and other changes that can conserve resources. Component heating, for example in the emitter array, can be reduced by providing time between bursts of pulses for device cooling.

Abstract: An optoelectronic sensor for the detection of an object with a light-emitting element (105), with a light-receiving element (106) and with a control and evaluation unit (110) which both actuates the light-emitting element (105) for the outputting of a transmission signal and processes receive signals of the light-receiving element (106), is characterized in that the control and evaluation unit (110) actuates the light-emitting element (105) for the outputting of at least one sinusoidal transmission pulse which is reflected by the object and received by the light-receiving element (106) and output as a receive pulse, and in that the control and evaluation unit (110) has a device (109) for the detection of the spectral components of the receive pulse in the frequency domain.

Abstract: A photodetection device according to the present disclosure includes: one or a plurality of light-receiving sections that each includes a light-receiving element, and generates a pulse signal including a pulse corresponding to a result of light reception by the light-receiving element; a plurality of first counters that each performs count processing on the basis of one or a plurality of the pulse signals generated by the one or plurality of light-receiving sections, thereby generating a plurality of count values; and a subtraction processor that performs subtraction processing for subtracting a predetermined value from each of the plurality of count values, on the basis of one or more count values of the plurality of count values.

Abstract: According to various aspects a detection system may include: a detector circuit configured to detect a signal; an integrator circuit configured to integrate the detected signal responsive to an integration start signal and to generate an integration value; and a processing circuit configured to: detect a change of the detected signal from below to above a predefined trigger threshold value and, in the case that the change of the detected signal is detected, transmit the integration start signal to the integrator circuit; determine a time between a provided time measurement start signal and the detection of the change of the detected signal as a time measurement associated with the detected signal; and determine one or more characteristics of the detected signal using the generated integration value.

Abstract: Various embodiments determine a position of a wireless device and enable the wireless device to retrieve the determined location. In one embodiment, a system comprises of at least one wireless transmitting device, a plurality of wireless receivers, and at least one server. Each of the plurality of wireless devices receive signals from the wireless transmitting device with unknown position and send time stamped information to the server. Each of the plurality of wireless device also sends unique identifying information about the wireless transmitting device. The server calculates a position of the wireless transmitting device by considering the inputs received from the plurality of wireless receivers. The wireless device obtains its position from the server. The process can be executed on demand or at regular frequent intervals.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a light detection system including a detector configured to provide a received light signal and a processing circuit configured to provide a plurality of branched signals, each being representative of the received light signal and each being time delayed to one another and with respect to a non-delayed branched signal, wherein a delay period between the plurality of branched signals is smaller than a duration of the received light signal, and wherein the delay period between the plurality of branched signals is chosen such that peaks of the branched signals overlap in time and to sum up the plurality of branched signals including the non-delayed branched signal with one another to provide a combined signal, wherein the plurality of branched signals differ from one another in such a way that, as a result of a summation, respective signal components of the plurality of branched signals combine in a constructive manner and respective noise components of the plurality of branched signals combi