Abstract: An anti-stick agent for use in preventing coal and other particulate products from freezing to contacted metal surfaces comprises a liquid hydrocarbon vehicle and at least about five percent by weight of a naturally occurring phospholipid substance such as lecithin.

Abstract: A composition for altering the water function characteristics of a wet, particulate mineral mass combines a surfactant material having an HLB number of from about 6.0 to about 12.0 with a surfactant adsorption inhibitory amount of a fatty acid substance.

Abstract: Coating compositions suitable for application to optical surfaces to reduce surface misting and light reflection without creating haze comprise:(a) an inorganic particulate component selected from colloidal silica particles, colloidal alumina particles, or a mixture thereof wherein the silica or alumina particles have a small particle size represented by an average particle size in the range 7 to 50 nm and the particles comprise 0.5 to 2.5% weight/volume of the total composition;(b) another inorganic particulate component also selected from colloidal silica particles, colloidal alumina particles, or a mixture thereof wherein the silica and alumina particles have a large particle size represented by an average particle size in the range 75 to 150 nm and the particles comprise 0.2 to 1.0% weight/volume of the total composition;(c) 0.1 to 1.0% weight/volume of a polymeric binder; and(d) a volatile liquid medium.

Abstract: An aerosol foam composition for inhibiting the bonding of ice precipitates to a substrate comprises propylene glycol mixed with propylene glycol monostearate. The composition is preferably dispensed by spraying from a sealed container which is pressurized by a propellant.

Abstract: A process of making different grades of calcium magnesium acetate deicing agents, having substantially uniform but different calcium-to-magnesium mole ratios, from limestone having varying proportions of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, is provided wherein limestone containing calcium and magnesium carbonates is finely divided, mixed with water to form an aqueous suspension of limestone, vigorously agitated and reacted with excess acetic acid. The reaction is completed by adding to the reaction batch about 30% of the molar equivalent of calcined finely divided limestone base to produce a calcium magnesium acetate salt solution having a calcium-to-magnesium mole ratio much greater than one. The insolubles from this first reaction are removed, calcined and reacted with acetic acid in a second reaction to produce a calcium magnesium acetate salt solution having a calcium-to-magnesium mole ratio substantially equal to one.

Abstract: Frozen water is thawed by applying to the surface thereof a composition containing water and substantially water soluble components comprising (1) a polyhydroxy compound or monoalkyl ether thereof, (2) an organic nonvolatile compound having at least one hydrophilic group, (2) being different than (1), (3) an inorganic salt which functions to lower the freezing point of water, wherein only one of (2) or (3) need be present but both may be present, (4) sufficient quantity of an organic polymer which functions to increase the viscosity and tackiness of the composition sufficiently to permit a uniform layer of the composition to be placed on the frozen surface and (5) H.sub.2 O.

Abstract: Fibrous web adapted for wiping purposes bonded with a rubber latex and impregnated with a cleaning lotion containing zinc chloride.

Abstract: A process of making a calcium acetate-containing solution having a pH value at room temperature between about 7 and about 8 is provided comprising reacting acetic acid with a carbonate compound, adding calcined limestone, and optionally finishing off the acid-base reaction with an amount of an alkali metal hydroxide comprising from about 2% to about 5% of the total stoichiometric complement to the amount of acetic acid. Further process options which may be used in the preparation of deicing agents include adding coarse limestone to the above-prepared calcium acetate-containing solution in amounts up to 10% by weight and converting the solution into solid flakes.

Abstract: A method of preparing a snow and ice control composition to improve traction on ice and snow covered surfaces. The composition comprises coal ash, binder, a melting depressant and enough water to form a dough-like mixture with said mixture pelletized by extrusion through a die and cured to form particles ranging in size from 1/16 th to 11/2 inches. The resulting said pellets have excellent strength and can be formulated to be environmentally acceptable.

Abstract: An aqueous or gel cleaning composition is provided which comprises approximately by weight (a) 0.02 to 25.0% of at least one nonionic cleaner; (b) 0.01 to 10% of a diglycol carbonate monomer; (c) 0.01-10.0% of an antifog agent; (d) up to 25% of a lower aliphatic alcohol; (e) up to 1.0% of a preservative agent; (f) the balance water and if a gel is desired 0.1 to 5.0% of a thixotropic gelling agent.

Abstract: A liquid agent for de-icing and protecting against icing-up is described, by means of which it is possible, in particular, to free the metal surface of aircraft rapidly and completely from ice, hoar-frost, snow and the like, and to protect the surface against further build-up for a relatively long period. The agent is essentially composed of several components, namely of (a) glycols, (b) water, (c) thickeners, (d) substances insoluble in water, (e) surface-active agents, (f) corrosion inhibitors and (g) alkaline compounds, in very specific quantities in each case, the quantity of the components (a) and (b) being at least 94%, relative to the total weight of the agent. Its pH value is 7.5 to 10.

Abstract: Impregnating composition containing the components:(a) an alkaline extract of a lignocellulosic material;(b) a high molecular carbohydrate; and(c) an alkali or alkaline earth metal silicate or colloidal silica; a process for its preparation; and processes for the preparation of products by using the impregnating composition.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for reducing the strength of adhesion of solid particulate materials to metal surfaces as occurs under water freezing conditions by coating the metal surface with a mixture comprising a hydrocarbon liquid which has a solidification or pour point not greater than 0.degree. F. and a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method for removing unwanted films from surfaces is described in which the unwanted film is first dissolved in a suitable composition, the properties of the composition then changes so that the dissolved, unwanted film no longer remains soluble in the composition and comes out of solution in a form that cannot redeposit on the surface, and finally, the excess composition and precipitated film components are removed from the surface.

Abstract: A method for reducing the tendency of coal to freeze and thus adhere to the sides of metal storage and shipping containers used to store and/or transport said coal at temperatures below the freezing point of water which comprises applying to the sides of the container a coating composition comprising:a. 55-97% by weight of a hydrocarbon liquid;b. 3-45% by weight of a hydrocarbon oil-soluble surfactant having an HLB value of 1-8.

Abstract: Residue from dressing bauxite is mixed with NaCl and ground; polyurethane foam is ground and mixed with CaCl.sub.2 ; a silicon organic compound and quartz powder is added to one or both of the ground mixtures; the grains are embedded in bituminous material or asphalt to be used for making a surface road, being protected against frost by these salts. Specific examples and method steps are described.

Abstract: Coal and other particulate can be transported on a conveyor belt exposed to winter weather conditions with reduced slippage of the particulate on the belt surface by periodically treating the belt surface with from about 0.001 to about 0.005 gallons per square foot of belt surface (0.04-0.4 liters/sq. meter) of a composition containing a small amount of a dimethyl polysiloxane with the balance consisting substantially of water soluble components comprising (A) a water soluble polyhydroxy compound or monoalkyl ether thereof, and (B) a water soluble organic nonvolatile compound having at least one hydrophilic group, (A) being different from (B).

Abstract: The resistance of particulate material to clumping or solidification at below-freezing temperatures is improved by applying to the particles a coating of a polymer emulsion in water which drys to a water-insoluble film. A freeze-point-depressing substance is preferably combined with the emulsion in order to prevent the emulsion itself from freezing at the temperatures to which the particulate material is subjected. It is believed that said coating minimizes the strength of adhesion between the particles and any ice which may form between them and also minimizes the strength of such ice.

Abstract: Products for rapidly liberating areas covered by ice and/or snow are described, which products are composed as follows (weight %, relative to the total weight of all components):60 to 79% by weight of propyleneglycol and0 to 5% by weight of ethyleneglycol or70 to 85% by weight of ethyleneglycol and0 to 10% by weight of propyleneglycol.There are added in both cases5 to 15% by weight of water5 to 20% by weight of urea and1 to 5% by weight of monohydric aliphatic alcohols having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms.The products are harmless, biologically degradable, non-corrosive and of low flammability.

Abstract: A motor vehicle traction aid device including a plastic bag containing a sand mixture for insertion under a tire on a drive wheel of a motor vehicle for improving traction on ice, snow or the like. The bag is partially filled with the sand material and includes a foam or sponge rubber tab on one side. The bag is inserted between the driving surface and the tire of the motor vehicle such that the tab engages the tire. Rotation of the wheel toward the driving surface causes the tire to engage the tab, drawing the bag and the sand material under the tire in a rolling action, bursting the bag and dispensing the sand beneath the tire.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising a carboxy-functional siloxane fluid, an organic titanate and a volatile diluent is applied to a water-impermeable surface and dried. The treated surface has the properties of promoting water-droplet formation, rather than water-film formation when rained upon and releasing frozen water, such as ice, snow, sleet and frost under a very low force.

Abstract: The strength of ice is reduced by the dissolution of a water-soluble composition composed of (A) a non- or slightly-ionizing water-soluble organic compound containing one or more hydrophilic groups, and (B) an organic or inorganic, water soluble ammonium salt, optionally with surface active agent or water and conventional additives in ice-forming water. The composition is particularly suitable for application to a wet, particulate solid material prior to its storage or transportation in sub-freezing weather to produce a frozen mass of reduced mechanical strength, thereby greatly mitigating subsequent unloading or handling of the material.

Abstract: A method of storing sand coated with calcium chloride is disclosed which method comprises covering the sand with a plastic sheet which is then coated with a layer of plastic foam to protect the sand from moisture and to keep the cover in place.

Abstract: A deicing and traction forming composition in which particles of clay are impregnated and coated with a salt, such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and/or ammonium chloride so that, when the particulate material is used to deice and form a traction surface, the salt immediately begins the ice melting action followed by a more gradual action from the release of the salt from the particles. The particles are water softening, readily disintegratable under the pressure of foot and vehicle traffic to release the absorbed salt and to form a traction surface on the ice. A method is used in the production of the composition consisting of heating crushed clay to drive off the moisture and, after screening the particulate material to obtain a somewhat uniform particle size and while it is still at an elevated temperature, spraying the particles with a salt solution.

Abstract: A method of preventing frost damage to plants comprising applying oleaginous materials to the tissues thereof, which materials are absorbed by the tissues in amounts sufficient to prevent swelling thereof by ice crystal formation.

Abstract: A rubber liner for preventing build-up of materials, such as gypsum, in handling or storage facilities, comprises, by weight, 100 parts of a rubber elastomer, 10 to 30 parts of a fluorine-containing polymer and 5 to 20 parts of a compatible oil compound. Preferably, the liner also contains from 2 to 15 parts of a compatible grease. For improved adhesion to metal surfaces such as tanks and pipes, a laminate is made utilizing said non-stick rubber liner as an outer liner, utilizing a diffusion-resistant hard rubber layer as an intermediate layer, and utilizing a soft rubber layer designed for maximum rubber-to-metal adhesion as an interior layer.

Abstract: A durable anti-fogging agent composition comprises at least one sulfonic acid type amphoteric surface active agent represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each stand for an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or benzyl group, the sum of carbon atoms of the groups R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is in the range of 16 to 38 and one of the groups R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having at least 14 carbon atoms, and R.sub.4 stands for an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms,and at least one member selected from inorganic salts and acetates represented by the general formulae MeSCN, MeNO.sub.3, MeX and MeOOCCH.sub.3 in which Me is a cation selected from Na, K, Li, NH.sub.4, 1/2Ca and 1/2Mg and X is a halogen ion.

Abstract: A water based cleaning composition including a major portion of water, a minor portion of a cleaning agent such as ammonium hydroxide or a lower alcohol such as isoproponal and a small portion of a polyethylene glycol of high molecular weight which not only acts as a lubricant but has a preferential affinity for glass and the like as compared with oil, grease, dirt and/or a lubricity component such as ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate.

Abstract: Coal and other particulate can be transported on a conveyor belt exposed to winter weather conditions with reduced slippage of the particulate on the belt surface by periodically treating the belt surface with from about 0.001 to about 0.005 gallons per square foot of belt surface (0.04-0.2 liters/sq. meter) of a composition consisting substantially of water soluble components comprising (A) a water soluble polyhydroxy compound or monoalkyl ether thereof, and (B) a water soluble organic nonvolatile compound having at least one hydrophilic group, (A) being different from (B). The treating composition may also include a small amount of a polydimethyl siloxane if desired.

Abstract: Coal and other particulate can be transported on a conveyor belt exposed to winter weather conditions with reduced slippage of the particulate on the belt surface by periodically treating the belt surface with from about 0.001 to about 0.005 gallons per square foot of belt surface (0.04-0.4 liters/sq. meter) of a composition containing a small amount of a dimethyl polysiloxane with the balance consisting substantially of water soluble components comprising (A) a water soluble polyhydroxy compound or monoalkyl ether thereof, and (B) a water soluble organic nonvolatile compound having at least one hydrophilic group, (A) being different from (B).

Abstract: A windshield cleaning solvent composition is provided, consisting essentially of water, alkali metal phosphate having in a 1% aqueous solution a pH of at least 10, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate having 1 to 3 alkyl groups with a total of 1 to 17 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups, and alkoxyalkanol in certain proportions.

Abstract: One-part hydrophilic treatment compositions are provided which comprise (i) an aqueous solution of a sulfonato-organosilanol compound which has at least one sulfonato-organic substituent therein, and (ii) an abrasive material. These compositions are particularly useful in imparting hydrophilicity to siliceous surfaces.

Abstract: Paper, cotton cloth, wood, fiberboard, and other cellulosic products are first treated with an organic base and then treated with a halosilane. This results in the formation of an amine/silane complex within the cellulose fibers as well as on the surface of the cellulosic product. This treatment imparts oil and water repellency, adhesive properties, and dimensional stability to cellulosic products.

Abstract: Compositions of carboxy methyl cellulose and method for treating cured concrete and bituminous concrete, the surfaces of which are subject to the accumulation of water, melting ice and snow, to reduce spalling or degradation of such surfaces when subjected to the freezing and thawing action of the water and water based solutions which are absorbed into the same. A protecting agent is used to maintain the carboxy methyl cellulose in a soluble state when applied to concrete surfaces.

Abstract: The strength of ice is reduced by dissolving in water prior to freezing a composition of (A) a water-soluble polyhydroxy compound or monoalkylether thereof and (B) a water-soluble organic nonvolatile compound having a hydrophilic group such as amine, carboxyl or carboxylate groups in an amount to provide an effective amount, e.g., on the order of about 0.25-5 weight percent, of (A) plug (B) based on the weight of water. The method is especially useful for application to particulate solids, such as coal and mineral ores, which are shipped and stored in masses exposed to freezing temperatures. Any ice that is formed is physically weak and will not deter the unloading of the thusly conditioned particulate solids.

Abstract: A snow and ice control composition and a process for employing said composition to improve traction on ice and snow covered surfaces. The composition comprising a particulate calcined montmorillonite clay, ammonium nitrate, and water does not promote corrosion of metals and is not harmful to vegetation.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for preventing or reducing spalling or degradation of pavement materials, including portland cement concrete and bituminous concrete, when a pavement is subjected to a freezing and thawing action while in contact with water or with de-icing solutions which have been produced by the action of de-icing compounds.

Abstract: An additive for admixture with road surface preparation materials to prevent formation of ice and to melt snow on the finished road surface. The additive is distributed throughout the road surface and comprises coated particles of a halide, e.g. calcium chloride, coated particles of an alkali metal hydroxide, e.g. sodium hydroxide and a trace of coated or uncoated particles of calcium hydride, the coatings being of a water-tight inert substance such as linseed oil. These coatings are worn away at the road surface by traffic to expose the particles.

Abstract: A method for deicing an aircraft having ice formed on its outer skin comprises heating a water solution substantially free of glycol to a temperature from approximately 160.degree. to approximately 190.degree. F. The water is then sprayed in a stream onto the skin under atmospheric conditions whereby the heated water will loosen the ice and wash the ice from the skin. The excess water solutionwhich falls from the airplane is drained away. The heated water forms a film on the skin and warms the skin to prevent additional ice from forming thereon. Under certain atmospheric conditions, the heated water film will evaporate from the skin, thereby chilling the skin and drying it so as to minimize the sticking of blowing snow and ice on the skin. The method minimizes the amount of glycol required for anti-icing.

Abstract: A method of using chitin derivatives as defoggers for clear surfaces and as deodorizers is disclosed.

Abstract: A composition for admixture with road surface preparation materials to prevent formation of ice and to melt snow on the finished road surface. The composition is distributed throughout the road surface and comprises particulate thawing substances at least some of which have a watertight coating resistant to the thawing substance and to the temperature at which the composition materials are prepared for application as a road surface. The coating may, however, be worn away by mechanical action, e.g. traffic movement, to expose the thawing substance.

Abstract: Overspraying in solvent system paints is controlled by adding to the paints a fraction of a per cent of an oil soluble polymer, preferably one having a linear hydrocarbon structure derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to polymerized polymeric vinyl films containing a minor portion of an anti-fogging and anti-tackifying agent, said agent comprising a partial ester of a water soluble C.sub.2-6 polyol with a C.sub.12-18 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, a polyalkoxylated derivative of a partial ester of a water soluble C.sub.2-6 polyol with a C.sub.12-18 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, the alkoxy groups therein having each 2-3 carbon atoms and the number of alkoxy groups being about 3-30 per molecule of said alkoxylated partial ester and in combination with both or each of the aforementioned partial esters, polyalkoxylated alkyl phenol, the alkoxy groups therein having each 2-4 carbon atoms and the number of alkoxy groups being about 3-50 per molecule.

Abstract: A hydroxypolyfluoroalkyl-containing silane derivative having the formula ##EQU1## WHEREIN EACH OF R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 is alkyl; each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 is alkylene; X is alkoxyl, alkyl, hydroxy, chlorine or hydrogen and at least one of the groups represented by X is alkoxyl, hydroxy, chlorine or hydrogen; p is 0 to 2, q is 0 or 1, r is 0 to 5, y is 1 or 2 and x is 2 or 3, provided that the sum of p and qr is at least 1 and the sum of x and y is 4; z is 1 or 2 and is equal to or less than y; and Z is a group represented by ##EQU2## WHEREIN R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, p, q and r are the same as above and each of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 is a hydrogen or ##EQU3## and at least one of the groups represented by R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 is ##EQU4## R.sub.f being a perfluoroalkyl group: the above compound being useful as water- and oil-repellent agent.

Abstract: Ice release agents are formulated from alkylene glycols having two to three carbon atoms, water, an alkanol and a salt of crosslinked polyacrylic acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a composition comprising approximately by weight (a) 0.01 to 0.1% of a copolymer of (1) an ethylenically unsaturated polymeric anhydride or partial ester and (2) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer; (b) up to 10% of at least one lower alkylene glycol lower alkyl monoether, (c) up to 25% of an aliphatic alcohol; (d) 0.1 to 2% of an ethoxylated C.sub.10.sub.-18 alkali metal sulfate and the balance water. Components (b) and (c) may both be present, or a greater amount of one to compensate for the absence of the other.

Abstract: A method for treating a surface of a substrate to render it nonfogging and the resulting article formed by the treatment. A thin film coating of a block copolymer containing alternating blocks of polyurethane and a hydrophilic copolyacrylic is adhered to the surface to be made nonfogging. The copolyacrylic is a copolymer of a hydroxy substituted acrylate and an ethylenically unsaturated acid such as acrylic acid. By varying the weight ratio of polyetherurethane/copolyacrylic it is possible to vary the flexibility of the coating and hence to widen the range of substrates to which the treatment is applicable, e.g., from flexible wrapping material to rigid mirrors.

Abstract: Synergistic antifogging action is observed by applying a combination of (1) a hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate or the like and (2) an organosiloxane-oxyalkylene block copolymer to a glass or plastic surface which is normally fogging.