Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of PTFE and TiO.sub.2 stabilized from the effects of freeze/thaw cycles are disclosed, wherein the stabilizing agents are monohydric alcohols and monoamines having less than five carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for denaturing road salt by adding an aversive agent, such as benzyldiethyl-(2.6-xylyl-carbamoyl-methyl) ammonium benzoate, i.e. denatonium benzoate, or N,N,N,N-benzyldiethyl-(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl-methyl)ammonium saccharine, i.e. denatonium saccharine, or brucine, or a derivative of these, to the road salt either before applying the road salt or afterwards on the road salt by atomizing or spraying.

Abstract: Novel methods for prophylaxis and treatment of tissue damage resulting from cell membrane permeabilization are disclosed. Compositions comprising a surface active copolymer are employed to prevent permeabilization or to promote membrane repair. Methods for enhancement of cell survival following membrane permeabilization in vitro are also disclosed, along with methods for increasing the efficacy of transfection of cells with foreign exogenous macromolecules, in particular DNA, also involving treatment of permeabilized cells with a surface active copolymer. Also disclosed are novel methods for prophylaxis and treatment of tissue damage, and for enhancement of cell survival and transfection efficacy, using a surface active copolymer in combination with high energy phosphate compounds which are capable of recharging cellular energy stores and thereby potentiating cell repair and survival.

Abstract: An anti-icing fluid suitable for ground treatment of aircraft, being a glycol-based solution containing a macromonomer-containing polymer thickener in an amount of less than about 5 weight %. The macromonomer-containing polymer thickener is present in the glycol-based solution in an amount sufficient to thicken the fluid to promote its adherence to aircraft surfaces when applied to a stationary aircraft. Use of this thickened deicing fluid does not adversely affect airfoil lift characteristics during takeoff, because the fluid exhibits shear thinning and readily flows off the aircraft surfaces when exposed to wind shear during the aircraft's takeoff run.

Abstract: A chipseal overlay coating having in situ deicing properties. An absorbent material such as lightweight aggregate, is mixed with oil, asphalt and/or concrete to form a thoroughfare chipseal overlay. Deicing materials are applied to the overlay or to the absorbent material prior to the mixing process. Due to the highly absorbent nature of the chipseal overlay, the deicing material is absorbed. During icing and snow conditions, the impregnated material reacts with the ice and snow to cause them to melt.

Abstract: Effective and environmentally benign liquid deicing and anti-icing compositions are provided by aqueous solutions of (a) alkali metal acetates, preferably KAc, (b) phosphate ion, e.g., H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 or K.sub.3 PO.sub.4, (c) soluble silicate,, e.g., K.sub.2 SiO.sub.3 or Na.sub.2 SiO.sub.3, (d) aromatic triazole, preferably tolyltriazole, (e) a dye which provides a visible hue, and (f) a compatible surfactant which lowers the surface tension to below about 50 dynes per sq. cm., prevents aggregation of components (a) to (f), and assures excellent dispersion across aircraft surfaces, preferablty octylphenoxypolyethoxy ethylphosphate. These compositions are environmentally safe and are useful in methods for deicing or preventative anti-icing of aircraft that meet AEA, ISO and SAE aviation standards. These compositions remain effective at low temperatures and are non-corrosive to metals used in aircraft construction.

Abstract: According to the invention, a melting composition based on alkali chloride and water is spread on the traffic surface, the melting composition being a mixture containing a small proportion of an additive which increases the thixotropic properties of the mixture without substantially modifying its melting properties. The additive is, for example, hydrophilic pyrogenated colloidal silica, or a hydrated aluminum and/or magnesium silicate, in powder form, of the bentonite or montmorillonite type. The viscosity of the melting composition is thereby increased and simultaneously the speed of evacuation is decreased. The process finds application in the maintenance of pavements during winter.

Abstract: The inventive composition contains salt, calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) and sodium silicate, and may optionally contain sodium ferrocyanide, diatomaceous earth, and/or other materials. The composition is useful for facilitating the melting and removal of snow and ice, and is stable and non-corrosive. The inclusion of both CMA and sodium silicate in the salt composition provides better corrosion resistance than can be obtained by the inclusion of comparable quantities of either CMA or sodium silicate alone. The inventive salt composition is considerably less expensive to manufacture than CMA-containing salt compositions which provide comparable corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A coolant or antifreeze composition has one or more glycols or glycol ethers in combination with water, one or more additives, and an effective amount of one or more perfluoro-gem-diphosphonates as corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: Silver-containing conductive coatings are provided. The coatings are prepared from compositions comprising silver particulate material, a low firing lead-free glass frit and a liquid organic vehicle. The composition is coated on a substrate and fired to fuse the silver-containing conductive coating to the substrate. The coatings find particular use in the field of automotive backlights. The coatings are of special value in eliminating solder wet through migration.

Abstract: An engine antifreeze coolant composition comprising a major amount of glycols as the main constituent which contains at least one conventional corrosion inhibitor except silicates, and about 0.005 to about 0.5% by weight of citric acid and/or salts thereof as an essential constituent. The compositions are pollution-free and nontoxic, and have a good corrosion-preventing effect on metallic materials such as aluminum alloys for use in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: De-icing compositions, such as used on aircraft wing surfaces, are found to not need thickeners to obtain acceptable holdover times. The compositions are based on an alkylene glycol component (such as propylene glycol, diethylene glycol and mixtures thereof), and obtain particular advantage when a nonionic alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactant is used in conjunction with an alkylaryl sulfonate hydrotrope, as additives. This latter combination of additives gives de-icing compositions with increased holdover times with no degradation of other properties. These compositions exhibit a Newtonian rheology as required for de-icing compositions.

Abstract: Improved deicer compositions containing crystalline double salts formed from mixtures of relatively low molecular weight carboxylic acids (for example, mixtures of formic acid and acetic acid) are provided. The deicer compositions are generally prepared by neutralizing an aqueous mixture containing at least two carboxylic acids or salts thereof, adjusting the pH to between about 7 and about 10, and drying the aqueous mixture to obtain a double salt crystalline product. Double salts containing sodium cations and double salts containing sodium cations and at least one cation selected from the group consisting of potassium, calcium, and magnesium provide effective deicing compositions which are environmentally safer than conventional deicing compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a deicing composition and a method of treating a deicing composition containing a water soluble ferrocyanide or ferricyanide salt, such as yellow prussiate of soda, where the resulting product displays a resistance to photodecomposition and the release of cyanide. The deicing composition comprises NaCl, a ferrocyanide or ferricyanide salt and a base.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ice melters having a ph of less than 7 to make them acidic and having an anti-corrosion compound dispersed therein, such as 2 Butyne-1,4 diol, so that the ice melter is environmentally safe and greatly reduces the corrosion of steel bridges, guard rails on roads, and the like.

Abstract: Liquid deicing and anti-icing compositions are provided by aqueous solutions of (a) alkali metal acetates, e.g., KAc or NaAc, (b) phosphate ion, e.g., K.sub.3 PO.sub.4, and (c) soluble silicate, e.g., K.sub.2 SiO.sub.3 or Na.sub.2 SiO.sub.3. These compositions are environmentally safe and meet FAA standards for metal corrosion resistance. They are effective at very low temperatures, e.g. -40.degree. F., and provide particularly effective deicing compositions when used in combination with granular CMA.

Abstract: A fluoroalkyl group-containing organosilicon oligomer is represented by the following formula (I) or (IV) of: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, X and Y each are the same or different groups and stand for an alkyl, alkoxy or alkylcarbonyloxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, n represents an integer of 1 to 3, m.sub.1 and m.sub.3 represent an integer of 1 to 10, m.sub.2 represents an integer of 0 to 10, m.sub.4 represents an integer of 1 to 5 and R.sub.F represents ##STR2## where A stands for a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, n.sub.1 represents an integer of 1 to 10 and n.sub.2 represents an integer of 0 to 8. A surface treating agent contains the oligomer defined by the formula (I) or (IV).

Abstract: Deicing/antiicing fluids for aircraft which contain essentially glycols, crosslinked polyacrylic acid, a nonionic surfactant based on alkoxylated C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 alcohols, corrosion inhibitors, a mixture of NaOH and KOH, an antioxidant and water, reduce the loss of lift by having improved runoff characteristics from the wings while giving a refreeze holdover time of not less than 30 minutes.

Abstract: A concrete surface having at least a residual amount of sodium fluorophosphate. A method to reduce scaling due to freezing and thawing is also disclosed. The method comprises contacting the surface of a concrete with a system containing at least sodium fluorophosphate. The sodium fluorophosphate closes the pores to water and other foreign matter.

Abstract: A chemical composition is provided for protecting, preserving, restoring and enhancing the appearance of rubber and polymer surfaces of de-icing boots on aircraft, particularly pneumatic de-icers. The chemical composition comprises the main elements of styrene acrylic emulsion polymer, polyethylene emulsion and polyolefin polymer emulsion, all mixed in distilled water. The preferred composition also includes 1,4 butanediol, polymethylsiloxane emulsion, potassium fluoroalkyl carboxylate, 12 benzisohiazolin 1-3, and ethylene glycol. A method of applying the composition to de-icer surfaces.

Abstract: A liquid deicing composition comprising MgCl.sub.2 or bittern and an organic inhibitor selected from the group consisting of triethanolamine, triethanolamine acid salts, citric acid, metal salts of citric acid and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A fluoroalkyl group-containing organosilicon oligomer is represented by the following formula (I) or (IV) of: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, X and Y each are the same or different groups and stand for an alkyl, alkoxy or alkylcarbonyloxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, n represents an integer of 1 to 3, m.sub.1 and m.sub.3 represent an integer of 1 to 10, m.sub.2 represents an integer of 0 to 10, m.sub.4 represents an integer of 1 to 5 and R.sub.F represents --CF.sub.2).sub.n.sbsb.1 A or ##STR2## where A stands for a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, n.sub.1 represents an integer of 1 to 10 and n.sub.2 represents an integer of 0 to 8. A surface treating agent contains the oligomer defined by the formula (I) or (IV).

Abstract: Anti-icing compositions, such as used on aircraft wing surfaces, may be thickened using a blend of a polyacrylic acid and a copolymer of polyacrylic acid with a vinyl monomer, where the copolymer acts as a thickener modifier. Additional advantages are obtained when a low molecular weight nonionic alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactant is used in conjunction with an alkylaryl sulfonate hydrotrope, as additives. This latter combination of additives gives anti-icing compositions with increased holdover times with no degradation of other properties. The compositions also contain an alkylene glycol component, such as propylene glycol, diethylene glycol and mixtures thereof. These compositions retain a high viscosity, even when diluted with water, and exhibit a highly pseudoplastic rheology indicating desirable flow off characteristics.

Abstract: This invention relates to a glycol based anti-icing fluid containing between about 0.05 and about 2 wt. % of 1.5 to 5% crosslinked maleic anhydride/methyl vinyl ether copolymer and between about 0.01 and about 2 wt. % base to provide a pH of from about 6.5 to about 10.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cleaning composition for hard surfaces which comprises an aqueous solution of an acidic or basic cleaner, a surfactant together with a silicone glycol and xanthan gum as anti-fogging agents.

Abstract: The de-icing agent described comprises an aqueous solution of at least one alkali metal acetate or at least one alkaline earth metal acetate or a mixture of the two and water as the main components, and 0.01 to 1% by weight of at least one water-soluble triazole compound or at least one water-soluble imidazole compound or a mixture of the two and, if appropriate, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of at least one alkali metal phosphate as inhibitors. The process described for melting snow and ice on traffic surfaces comprises application of an effective amount of the novel de-icing agent to the ice- and/or snow-covered surfaces to be treated.

Abstract: Water Repellent compositions including a silico-titanium polymer, a cationic, surface-active quaternary ammonium compound, and a spreading agent which provides odor detection properties.

Abstract: Improved deicing compositions are provided which comprise calcium magnesium and potassium acetate containing up to about 50% potassium acetate which have improved melting properties as compared to calcium magnesium acetate deicing compositions.

Abstract: A method of forming a deicer composition. The deicer composition comprises of a mixture of halide salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals which are then pan agglomerated to form a low bulk density easily dissolvable but free flowing agglomerate composition.

Abstract: This invention provides:(A) an anti-icing composition comprising a silicone resin which is at least one condensate selected from the group consisting of:(i) a condensate of an alkoxydimethylsiloxane compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 l is a methyl group or an ethyl group, A is an oxygen atom, an ethylene group or a 1,3-propylene group, a is an integer of 5 to 150, b and e are different or the same and each represent an integer of 1 to 3, c is an integer of 3-b and d is an integer of 3-e,(ii) a condensate of the compound of the formula (I) and an alkoxysilane compound represented by the formula(R.sub.3)h--Si--(OR.sub.2)j (II)wherein R.sub.2 is a methyl group or an ethyl group, R.sub.

Abstract: An adhesive composition useful for bonding various substrates which contain an alkoxy silane compound and an unsaturated acid compound. A preferred embodiment of the invention is an aqueous formulation containing a low molecular weight alkoxy silane compound, a low molecular weight unsaturated acid compound, and water. An example of the alkoxy silane compound is aminopropyl triethoxysilane while an example of the unsaturated acid compound is methacrylic acid. The adhesive composition is particularly effective in bonding non-sulfurcured elastomeric materials such as polyol- and peroxide-cured elastomers to metal surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of treatment of plants for frost protection. In this method the plants are treated with 1 to 5 kg/ha of an active material of the formula[R--O--PH(.dbd.O)--O-].sub.n M.sup.n+.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anti-fogging film having a multilayer structure comprised of at least two layers of a cured film formed on a substrate. The cured film contains as main components (A) polyvinyl alcohol and (B) at least one member selected from (a) colloidal silica having an average particle size of 5 to 200 m.mu., (b) an organic silicon compound of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2.sub.a SiX.sub.3-a in which R.sup.1 is an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, X is a hydrolyzable group and a is 0 or 1, and (c) a hydrolysis product of an organic silicon compound of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2.sub. SiX.sub.3-a in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X and a are as defined above, wherein the ratio S.sub.2 /S.sub.1 of the weight ratio S.sub.2 of component (A) to component (B) in the layer contiguous to the topmost surface layer to the weight ratio S.sub.1 of component (A) to component (B) in the topmost surface layer is at least 1.05.

Abstract: A water and oil repellent composition containing, as an essential component, non-film-forming fine solid particles having a low surface tension and having a fluorine content of at least 30% by weight.

Abstract: Compositions which comprises a major amount of an alkaline earth or alkali metal carboxylate, a minor amount of unreacted base and impurities, and an effective anti-staining amount of an organic chelating agent are useful as non-staining deicing compositions for use on airport runways and taxiways. The preferred alkaline earth carboxylate is calcium magnesium acetate and the preferred chelating agent is EDTA. Processes for preparation of such compositions are described.

Abstract: A method of increasing the resistance of plants to damage by freezing conditions by treating the plants, prior to exposure to such conditions, to or with a composition containing a choline salt of a monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid which is absorbed into the plant vascular system where it exerts it cryoprotective effects. Aqueous and powder compositions containing the choline salt combined with glycerin, propylene glycol and/or a water soluble nonionic surface active polyethoxylated polyoxpropylene block copolymer.

Abstract: Anti-icing compositions, such as used on aircraft wing surfaces, may be thickened using a blend of a polyacrylic acid and a copolymer of polyacrylic acid with a vinyl monomer, where the copolymer acts as a thickener modifier. The two polymers form a thickener blend. The polyacrylic acid may have a weight average molecular weight of from about 2,500,000 to about 3,500,000 and be slightly crosslinked with a diene monomer. The composition also contain an alkylene glycol component, such as propylene glycol, diethylene glycol and mixtures thereof. These compositions retain a high viscosity,even when diluted with water, and exhibit a highly pseudo plastic rheology indicating desirable flow off characteristics. A neutralizing agent to neutralize at least partially the carboxylic acid groups of the thickening blend is also preferably included.

Abstract: Preparation of a fine-grained mixture having hydrophobic properties and a grain size substantially less than 0.2 mm and preferable less than 0.1 mm for asphalt-treatment and de-icing, having a hydrophobic component with a hydrophilic component of at least 50% by weight of the mixture and having 55-99.5% by weight of a residual salt which results from the production of glycerol and 45-0.05% by weight of an additive consisting of salts, oxides, hydoxides, and combinations thereof, in the moist condition and at least partially ground with the residual salt, and containing alkali-earth metal or other non-alkali metals as cations.

Abstract: 3-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-propylsilane compounds represented by the following general formula (I) are herein disclosed: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and n is an integer ranging from 0 to 2. The propylsilane compounds may be prepared by, for instance, reacting 1-allyl-2-oxopyrrolidine with a hydrogen silane such as trimethoxysilane or trichlorosilane in the presence of a platinum catalyst or further optionally reacting the resulting 3-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-propyl halogenosilane (in the case where a halogenosilane is used) with an alcohol such as methanol. These propylsilane compounds are effective as anti-clouding agent for treating the surface of a variety of substrate.

Abstract: A stable foam having foam bubble diameters of 0.005-0.015 inches and being comprised of from about 10-30 wt. % of a brine freeze control agent selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, borax, potassium thiocyanate, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, and sodium nitrite, anionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, and water is applied to solid, particulate materials such as coal or mineral ores to inhibit freezing and improve handleability characteristics of the particulate materials. The foam optionally may contain additional freeze control agents such as ethylene glycol or cellulose ethers.

Abstract: This invention relates to deicing compositions which contain alkali metal salts of (a) acetates and/or formates, (b) phosphates and (c) nitrites in aqueous solution and has a pH value in the range from 9.5-11.2. This composition is environment friendly and does not give rise to acute corrosion problems associated with compositions used hitherto.

Abstract: A deicing composition for use in removing ice from a surface such as the windshield of an automobile, which consists essentially of one or more monohydric alcohols, one or more polyhydric alcohols, and one or more anionic fluorinated surfactants in combination.

Abstract: An optically indicating de-icing solution for surfaces comprising a freezing point depressant liquid and a compound which exhibits a visually observable change as solid phase domains become present in the solution is disclosed. When applied to a surface, particularly the surface(s) of aircraft, the formation of solid phase ice domains in the liquid provides a distinct and visible change in the appearance of the solution. This allows a determination of ice formation upon the aircraft as well as a determination of the effectiveness of the de-icing solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adhesive sheet for preventing icing, the sheet being characterized in that the sheet comprises a release sheet (1), a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (2) formed on the sheet (1), a base sheet (3) adhered to the layer (2) and an anti-icing layer (4) formed on the base sheet (3) and that the anti-icing layer (4) is formed from a composition (A) or a composition (B), the composition (A) consisting essentially of:(a) a copolymer having hydroxyl, or hydroxyl and other reactive group and comprising an essential monomer components a fluoroolefin and a vinyl monomer having hydroxyl and copolymerizable with the fluoroolefin,(b) a silicone compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 6 to 300, k is an integer of 0 to 6, h is 0 or 1, m is an integer of 0 to 6, j is 1 or 2, and Y is hydroxyl, carboxyl, epoxy, or a monovalent or bivalent groups containing one or two free isocyanate groups, and(c) a polyisocyanate compound, and the composition (B) consisting essentially of:(d) a

Abstract: Nonionic surfactants which are liquid at ambient temperature and have an HLB value of from 2 to less than 13 are used for preventing the fogging of plastic surfaces and afford effective washproof protection against fogging.

Abstract: A low-temperature corrosion inhibited deicing composition is disclosed which comprises a major portion of magnesium chloride and an effective amount of an inhibitor including a polyphosphate salt to reduce corrosion, or a solution thereof. The solution form is preferred. Additional preferred aspects are provided where the inhibitor also includes a zinc-containing salt, and where the deicing composition is free from (or at least substantially so) chloride ions other than those due to the magnesium chloride. A method for low-temperature deicing of bridgework is described which includes the use of the inhibited deicing composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition for melting ice at low temperatures, particularly for use in melting ice from driveways, sidewalks and the like. The composition includes mixtures of the salts, sodium and potassium chloride, urea, and a chemical enhancer (synergist) or trigger. The enhancer which quickens melt rate and effects lower ice-melting temperatures may be an additional inorganic salt, such as a carbonate or another chloride, or an organic compound with ether or hydroxyl groupings such as saccharides, alcohols, glycols, and glucosides.The invention also includes the method of making the composition which includes the steps for example, of(1) preparing a warm solution of urea(2) spraying the potassium chloride portion of the salt combination with the urea solution,(3) drying the potassium chloride urea composition;(4) mixing said dried composition with the sodium chloride, and(5) adding the trigger.

Abstract: The high energy cost accompanying the use of hot water in resurfacing ice rinks is reduced by use of an additive for treating water used to form ice or ice layers which comprises a surfactant, a primary alcohol and a silicone. The surfactant acts to reduce permanently the surface tension of the water while the silicone acts as a defoamer collapsing any bubbles formed on the surface and also as a lubricant when pressure is applied on the ice such as by an ice skate blade. The alcohol is believed to aid in providing a generally homogenous mixture when added to water. The composition allows the use of much cooler water, normally in the range of 45.degree. to 55.degree. F., in forming ice with favorable characteristics. The invention also encompasses novel methods of forming layers of ice using the additive.

Abstract: A composition is described which consists of a microemulsion of oil in a water/glycol solution containing certain thickening agents, emulsifiers, substantially water-insoluble, partially polar oils, and alkanolamines to provide the desirable viscosity and shear stability needed to give a composition having effective de-icer and anti-icing properties.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an agent for absorbing and releasing water vapor, which comprises a homopolymer of at least one monomer selected from specific N-alkyl- or N-alkylene-substituted acrylamides and methacrylamides, a copolymer of two or more of the acrylamides and methacrylamides, a copolymer of said at least one monomer with one or more monomers other than the acrylamides and methacrylamides and copolymerizable therewith, or a water-insolubilized product of the homopolymer or either one of the copolymers. The above agent has broad utility for humidity control of gases, humidity control in green houses and prevention of fogging on surfaces of transparent materials, as humidity sensors and dew sensors, etc.