Abstract: In an improved system for recovering heat from a combustion gas produced by burning wastes, the combustion gas or combustible gas produced by partial burning of the wastes subjected to dust filtration in a temperature range of 450-650.degree. C. at a filtration velocity of 1-5 cm/sec under a pressure of from -5 kPa (gage) to 5 MPa before heat recovery is effected. The dust filtration is preferably performed using a filter medium which may or may not support a denitration catalyst. Heat recovery is preferably effected using a steam superheater. The dust-free gas may partly or wholly be reburnt with or without an auxiliary fuel to a sufficiently high temperature to permit heat recovery. The combustion furnace may be a gasifying furnace which, in turn, may be combined with a melting furnace.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for recovering and treating hazardous and non-hazardous components from process streams generated from a continuous system for selectively separating organic and inorganic constituents from contaminated material. The contaminated material is heated in a dryer to a first temperature sufficient to volatilize water and lower boiling point constituents contained in the material, thereby producing a dried solid material and a first gas containing water vapor and volatilized lower boiling point constituents. The first gas is separated from the dried solid material. The lower boiling point constituents are recovered from the first gas. The dried solid material is heated in a desorber to a second temperature sufficient to volatilize higher boiling point constituents contained in the dried material, thereby producing a substantially decontaminated solid material and a second gas containing volatilized higher boiling point constituents.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for separating carbon particles from flyash includes one of increasing a relative humidity of the flyash or decreasing the relative humidity of the flyash to within an optimum humidity range, and introducing the flyash within the optimum humidity range into a triboelectric separator so as to triboelectrically charge the carbon particles and the flyash and so as to electrostatically separate the charged carbon particles from the charged flyash.

Abstract: An electric dust collector that does not need an exhaust fan or special equipment for preventing dust from flying off. An incinerator is formed on a building, and a smokestack is raised so that it is integrated with the wall of the incinerator. The smokestack is formed from metallic sheeting and lined with refractories. A beam is installed over the smokestack. The beam is electrically insulated using insulatores. A discharge electrode is suspended form the beam at the center of the smokestack. The discharge electrode has many needle-like discharge pins almost in its lower half part. The negative pole of a DC high-voltage power supply is connected with the discharge electrode, while the positive pole is grounded and connected with the metallic sheeting constituting the smokestack.

Abstract: A method of operating a combustion unit of a coal-fired power plant operating according to a slag tap furnace firing method, which includes supplying a titanium-containing material in addition to coal to a melting chamber for accelerating coal burn-up, burning the titanium-containing material together with the coal in the melting chamber at a temperature above 1500.degree. C., and generating fly ash and molten ash as a result of combustion in the melting chamber. Additionally, a combustion unit for a coal-fired power plant, including a melting chamber that has a combustion zone for receiving coal. The combustion zone produces fly ash.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor or combustor having an internal impact type primary particle separator which provides for internal return of all primary collected solids to a bottom portion of the reactor or combustor for subsequent recirculation without external and internal recycle conduits. The CFB reactor enclosure or furnace is provided with plural furnace outlets. This construction permits increased furnace depths and reduced furnace widths, resulting in a compact design.

Abstract: At least one main combustion chamber contains at least one pulverized coal burner. Each pulverized coal burner is operatively arranged for minimizing NO.sub.X production and for maintaining a predetermined operating temperature to liquefy ash within the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber includes a slag drain for removing slag from the combustion chamber. A slag screen is positioned in a generally U-shaped furnace flow pattern. The slag screen is positioned between the combustion chamber and a radiant furnace. The radiant furnace includes a reburning zone for in-furnace No.sub.X reduction. The reburning zone extends between a reburning fuel injection source and at least one overfire air injection port for injecting air.

Abstract: A furnace includes an enclosure and a hearth plate within the enclosure for supporting combustible material. The furnace further includes a first heater element adjacent the hearth plate for initial combustion of the combustible material, a filter disposed above the hearth plate for filtering uncombusted products of combustion of the combustible material, and a second heater element adjacent the filter for final combustion of the uncombusted products of combustion filtered by the filter. A filter bypass path has an inlet located in a lower portion of the enclosure and an outlet located between the filter and the second heater.

Abstract: A system and a process for combusting hydrocarbons to recover energy and the carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion is provided. The process utilizes a two-stage combustion process, each stage utilizing water injection and a recirculation stream to increase the efficiency of combustion to generate larger proportions of carbon dioxide. An energy recovery boiler is used to recover heat energy from the combustion product. Combustion product is then cleaned and the carbon dioxide is separated and condensed into a useable liquid carbon dioxide product.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heat treating of hazardous waste by heating the waste in a pyrolyzing chamber and forming an off-gas, heating the off-gas for a sufficient time to destroy dioxins and furans, then reducing and cooling the off-gas in a secondary treating chamber having a graphite stack and recovering metallics by distillation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heat treating waste materials including pyrolysing the waste materials in a first heating zone to produce pyrolysis gas containing dust and impurities, removing at least 90% of the dust from the pyrolysis gas, and burning the pyrolysis gas to produce flue gas. The flue gas produced is either immediately denitrogenated non-catalytically or first cooled and then catalytically denitrogenated. Following denitrogenation the flue gas is filtered to purify the gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions including a salt selected from the group consisting essentially of sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, ammonium nitrate, lithium nitrate, barium nitrate, cerium nitrate, and mixtures thereof, as flue gas conditioning formulations for use in controlling particulates, hazardous substances, NO.sub.x, and SO.sub.x. For the purpose of obtaining greater yields of particulate and hazardous substance removal, the compositions may further include a polyhydroxy compound, preferably selected from the group consisting essentially of sucrose, fructose, glucose, glycerol, and mixtures thereof. Methods are also provided for adding these compositions to the flue gas stream to control particulate, hazardous substance, NO.sub.x, and SO.sub.x emissions.

Abstract: In an improved system for recovering heat from a combustion gas produced by burning wastes, the combustion gas or combustible gas produced by partial burning of the wastes subjected to dust filtration in a temperature range of 450-650.degree. C. at a filtration velocity of 1-5 cm/sec under a pressure of from -5 kPa (gage) to 5 MPa before heat recovery is effected. The dust filtration is preferably performed using a filter medium which may or may not support a denitration catalyst. Heat recovery is preferably effected using a steam superheater. The dust-free gas may partly or wholly be reburnt with or without an auxiliary fuel to a sufficiently high temperature to permit heat recovery. The combustion furnace may be a gasifying furnace which, in turn, may be combined with a melting furnace.

Abstract: A process for drying a wet material in a drying system includes supplying a current of heated gas to a dryer from a combustion chamber. The material is exposed to the current in the dryer. The dried material is separated from the current of heated gas. The current of heated gas is split into a first stream of heated gas and a second stream of heated gas after the dried material has been separated. The first stream of heated gas is introduced into the combustion chamber so that the first stream is further oxidized therein. A third stream of heated gas is removed from the combustion chamber. The third stream includes at least a portion of the first stream. The second stream of heated gas is introduced into the combustion chamber so that it makes up a portion of the current conveyed to the dryer.

Abstract: An apparatus and process that utilize a low temperature nonequilibrium plasma reactor, for improving the particulate removal efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) are disclosed. A portion of the flue gas, that contains a low level of SO.sub.2 O.sub.2 H.sub.2 O, and particulate matter, is passed through a low temperature plasma reactor, which defines a plasma volume, thereby oxidizing a portion of the SO.sub.2 present in the flue gas into SO.sub.3. An SO.sub.2 rich flue gas is thereby generated. The SO.sub.3 rich flue gas is then returned to the primary flow of the flue gas in the exhaust treatment system prior to the ESP. This allows the SO.sub.3 to react with water to form H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 that is in turn is absorbed by fly ash in the gas stream in order to improve the removal efficiency of the EPS.

Abstract: A method of separating unburned Carbon, as particulate matter, from the flyash produced as a result of the combustion process occurring in a pulverized-coal fired steam generating power plant is disclosed. More particularly the invention separates the flyash into a coarse product group and a fine product group by utilizing the differences in specific gravity between the Carbon particles and remaining flyash as well as utilization of the dynamic classification characteristics of a rotary classifier to effect the separation whereby at least one of the two product groups comprises a relatively low weight percentage of unburned Carbon while yet comprising a relatively high percentage of the total mass of product recovered after separation.

Abstract: A sintering plant includes an apparatus for transporting sinter material along a sintering section through at least one first zone in which the sinter material heats to a low temperature, and through a second zone in which the sinter material heats to a high temperature. Discharge lines are provided along the sintering section. A dioxin catalytic converter for exhaust gas is provided in the discharge lines disposed along the second zone or directly downstream thereof. In this manner, catalytic breakdown of dioxins can be achieved even in the exhaust gas of a sintering plant, which has not been possible heretofore.

Abstract: A system and method for generating power by producing a clean gaseous fuel from a solid fuel, such as coal. A flow of oxygen enriched compressed air is formed by combining compressed ambient air from a gas turbine compressor and a flow of oxygen from a air separation unit. The coal is supplied to a gasifier, along with the flow of oxygen enriched compressed air in which the coal is combusted. The gasifier produces a flow of hot gaseous fuel containing slag and other particulate matter. The slag is removed from the hot gaseous fuel and, after processing, forms the bed media for filter that removes particulate matter from the gaseous fuel. The air separation unit also produces a flow of nitrogen. The nitrogen is mixed into the air prior to filtering so as to cool the air. After cooling and cleaning, the gaseous fuel is combusted in the combustor of a gas turbine, thereby generating shaft power.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for drying material, in which a previous dried material is mixed into the wet material to be dried to produce a dried mixture of different particle sizes. The process for drying material requires less industrial equipment implemented in a more economical and simpler plant that can be operated with low energy and maintenance requirments. The amount of fine material obtained after drying is measured and the amount of fine previously dried material mixed into the wet material to be dried is then set in inverse proportion to the quantity of fine dried material produce.

Abstract: A waste treatment device includes a waste holding tank for receiving waste, a solids-gas processor operably connected to the waste holding tank, an aqueous holding tank operably connected to the processor and the waste holding tank and an aqueous purification device operably connected to the aqueous holding tank.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor includes an axial recirculating fluidized bed and at least first and second lateral dense fluidized beds, respectively disposed along a first and a second wall of the jacket of the reactor. Waste is fed via at least one point on the first wall of the jacket of the reactor, above the first lateral dense fluidized bed. The reactor includes at least one duct for extracting non-fluidizable heavy elements at the base of the first lateral dense fluidized bed.

Abstract: In the processing of exhaust gases by a chlorine bypass system, a portion of kiln exhaust gases G is extracted from a kiln 1, after the extracted exhaust gases G are instantly cooled to 600.degree. C. to 700.degree. C. or less, the dust W in the cooled exhaust gases is separated to rough powder and fine powder by a separator, the separated rough powder is returned to the kiln 1 and the separated fine powder is discharged to a cement system, wherein extracting means extracts the kiln exhaust gases at the ratio more than 0% to equal to or less than 5% and the separating point of the separator is set to 5 .mu.m to 7 .mu.m.

Abstract: A regenerative thermal oxidation system for reducing the VOC content of asphalt vapors.

Abstract: A waste incinerator including separate burning-, blower-, chimney- and ash-receiving chambers. A suction-discharge port is provided in a wall between the burning chamber and the chimney chamber for discharging gases from the burning chamber through a chimney to the atmosphere. The chimney extends from the chimney chamber for discharging gases to the atmosphere. The chimney receives an air feed pipe from the blower and an ignition sleeve extends into the chimney for burning unconsumed waste gas. A vibrator vibrates an ash receiver in the ash receiving chamber, and a drying chamber may be provided for drying high moisture garbage by combustion gases from the burning chamber.

Abstract: The system comprises providing every oven (1) used in a ceramic enamelling plant with an operative unit (3) that works with an exchanger (4) and a filter (5) that allows most of the waste products entrained by the fumes to be recovered, sent back to the oven (1) and hence be recycled. The operative units (3) of the various ovens (1), in accordance with the improvements, are in direct communication and in open circuit with an output exchanger (9) associated with a turbogenerator (10), using air as the heat transmission fluid. The turbogenerator (10) includes a secondary circuit (11) of the exchanger (9), using a vapor fluid to drive a turbine (12) that in turn drives an alternator (13) for generating electric power.

Abstract: To cool and clean flue gases from a furnace of a waste incineration plant, the flue gases are fed to a fluidized-bed reactor (6) as fluidizing gases in a first stage (1), into which solid sorbents are simultaneously introduced to remove gaseous pollutants. Solids discharged from the fluidized-bed reactor (6), together with the unused sorbents, are preferably recirculated via a fluid-bed cooler (15). Whereas in the first stage (1), at temperatures above 600.degree. C., optimum conditions, in particular for removing SO.sub.2, are created, the flue gases are further cooled and treated in a second stage (2a, 2b, 2c). In a second circulating fluidized bed, at temperatures below 600.degree. C., excellent conditions are created for HCl removal. In addition to the optimum gas cleaning, efficient cooling is also achieved, corrosion problems on heat-transfer surfaces also being solved.

Abstract: A treatment system is provided which can treat solid materials and/or liquid materials. Preferably, a separator initially separates liquid and solid materials, and the solid materials are deposited upon a substrate within a microwave cavity. Liquids remaining with the solid materials drain through the substrate, and the solid materials are subjected to microwaves. The liquids exiting the separator are preferably also passed through a filter assembly which retains any suspended particles remaining in the liquid, and subjects the particles to microwaves. Exhaust filters can also be provided for the microwave cavities, and the exhaust filters can also be subject to microwaves to incinerate any particles remaining in the exhaust gas. Fire tube arrangements for incinerating solid materials retained or extracted by substrates or filters are also provided.

Abstract: An integrated flue gas treatment desulfurization system for treating flue gas exhausted from an electrostatic precipitator and passing at a flue gas flow velocity in the range of 10-20 ft./sec. or more through a condensing heat exchanger and a wet flue gas scrubber. The scrubber sprays a reagent throughto the flue gas effectively remove pollutants and metals prior to exhausting same in a dry form after treatment by mist eliminators located downstream of the system.

Abstract: A scrubber for user in an incineration system to remove particulate materials and provide complete combustion of the combustion gas. The scrubber defines a scrubber chamber having an inlet through which hot combustion gas is introduced and having an outlet for discharge of the gas. Suspended within the scrubber chamber are a plurality of elongated plates composed of a temperature resistant metal, such as Inconel. The plates are arranged in a pattern to provide a tortuous path of flow for the combustion gas through the chamber, and prevent direct flow from the inlet to the outlet. In a preferred form of the invention, the plates are arranged in rows with the spacing between plates in one row being aligned with plates in an adjacent row. As the combustion gas flows through the chamber, the particulate material will migrate to, and collect on, the front and rear plate surfaces.

Abstract: A drainable discharge pan apparatus for an impact type particle separator used on circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers employs a plurality of funnel shaped discharge pans located at a lower end of each of the impingement members in the impact type particle separator. The funnel shaped discharge pans prevent accumulation of collected particles thereon, allowing particles collected by the impingement members to fall therethrough, while preventing bypassing of flue gas around lower ends of the impact type particle separator. The outlet ends of the funnel shaped discharge pans provide substantially the same open area for the collected particles to fall therethrough as exists within each associated impingement member.

Abstract: Incinerator apparatus includes a furnace and a chimney in communication with the furnace. Within the furnace, a pipe having a bore and extending upward from the bottom of the furnace is disposed. The pipe is in communication with atmospheric air at the lower end thereof and is provided with a plurality of air holes therein. The pipe also includes a top air hole at the top end thereof. The top air hole has a transverse cross-sectional area smaller than that of the bore of the pipe. External air is spontaneously introduced from the outside of the furnace and flows out through the top air hole. As air flows out of the top air hole, it is also uniformly distributed through the air holes into the furnace and garbage to be burned in said furnace.

Abstract: Waste is burnt in a furnace chamber (1). The oxygen-containing flue gases resulting in this process are introduced into a fluidized bed in an afterburning chamber (5) and reburnt. Solids discharged with the flue gases from the afterburning chamber (5) are separated from the flue gases in a dust separator (9) and recycled to the afterburning chamber (5), so that a circulating fluidized bed is formed, which produces a very homogeneous temperature distribution in the afterburning chamber (5) and at the same time permits highly efficient cooling of the flue gases. A secondary oxygen feed for the afterburning is dispensed with, which enables a decrease in size both of the afterburning chamber (5) and also of the downstream heat-recovery and gas cleaning devices and improvement in efficiency resulting therefrom.

Abstract: A system for reducing volatile organic compounds, particulates and carbon monoxide in exhaust from a wood products dryer is disclosed. The dryer exhaust is combined with waste wood or biomass fuel and partially combusted in a rotary gasifier, then fully combusted in a secondary combustion chamber. Hot flue gasses form the secondary combustion chamber are used to heat the conduits carrying the exhaust from the dryer, to heat oil, and to preheat air input to the dryer.

Abstract: A combined furnace limestone injection and dry scrubber flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system collects solids from the flue gas stream in first particulate collection device located downstream of an outlet of a convection pass of the furnace and upstream of the dry scrubber. The collected solids are diverted to the dry scrubber feed slurry preparation system to increase sulfur oxide species removal efficiency and sorbent utilization. The level of lime in the feed slurry provided to the dry scrubber is thus increased, which enhances removal of sulfur oxide species in the dry scrubber. The decreased particulate loading to the dry scrubber helps maintain a desired degree of free moisture in the flue gas stream entering the dry scrubber, which enhances sulfur oxide species removal both in the dry scrubber and downstream particulate collector, normally a baghouse.

Abstract: An integrated flue gas treatment desulfurization system for treating flue gas exhausted from an electrostatic precipitator and passing at a flue gas flow velocity in the range of 10-20 ft./sec. or more through a condensing heat exchanger and a wet flue gas scrubber. The scrubber sprays a reagent throughto the flue gas effectively remove pollutants and metals prior to exhausting same in a dry form after treatment by mist eliminators located downstream of the system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for incinerating waste material and in particular, for incinerating particulate material resulting from the shredding of vehicles. The particulate material is fed to one end of a rotary drum, and is subjected in the drum to pyrolitic incineration in the absence of air, to generate combustible gases and a solid residue. The combustion gases and the residue are discharged from the drum to a discharge hood, where the solid residue is separated from the gases. The gases are then passed through a condenser to cool the gases to a temperature below 212.degree. F. to thereby condense water vapor and higher boiling point hydrocarbon gases to produce hydrocarbon liquid.

Abstract: A cyclone separator adapted for attachment to the upper outlet end of a fluidized bed reactor such as an atmospheric (ACFB) or pressurized fluidized bed combustor (PFBC) has its gas flow capacity increased while maintaining high inlet gas flow velocity and particle separation efficiency. The cyclone inlet flow passageway has aspect ratio h/w increased to at least 4/1 and preferably to the range of 5/1 to 10/1. Also, the inlet passage inner wall is tapered or curved so that the inlet opening area exceeds that of the outlet opening adjacent the cyclone barrel. The cyclone outlet vortex tube lower portion has a truncated cone shape attached to a cylindrical-shaped vortex tube upper portion. The cyclone separator can be formed from multiple parallel tubes each having longitudinal fins for carrying a cooling fluid such as water or steam, and having a refractory material covering the tubes and fins.

Abstract: A process of waste incineration, with heat recovery and reduced emissions of acid gases and particulate comprising a reduction of acid gases and particulate by mixing recirculating low temperature flue gases flowing out from the heat recovery section, with high temperature flue gases obtained from incineration. Said mixed flue gases are subjected, prior to heat recovery, to particulate separation. Moreover, the low temperature flue gases may be deacidified. Preferably, the reduction is enhanced by reacting the high temperature flue gases, mixed with a cold flue gas recirculation stream drawn downstream the heat recovery section, with an alkaline reagent, in order to eliminate the acidic gases. A waste incinerator is disclosed, which is combined with an acid gases and particulate removal plant, which is provided between the incinerator itself (2, 6) and the boiler (7).

Abstract: The smoke filtration unit described herein has an internal cylindrical duct for ducting exhaust smoke from an exhaust flue to a shutter pivotally mounted within the cylindrical duct. The shutter can move between at least two positions. The shutter, when located in a first position, directs exhaust smoke to a cylindrical filter. An exhaust fan draws the exhaust smoke through the filter. The residual gas is vented to the atmosphere. The cylindrical filter is mounted on a vibration mount that can vibrate the filter to dislodge particulate matter that collects on the surface of the filter. The dislodged particulate matter falls into an ash collection area. The smoke filtration unit is controlled by a microcontroller that monitors temperature and pressure conditions within the unit. If excessive pressure conditions are detected, the microcontroller energizes the vibration mount to dislodge particulate matter from the filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for burning fossil fuel, for instance oil, gas, coal, biogas formed from organic waste, or the like, which apparatus comprises combustion means for burning this fuel in addition to converting means for converting the energy becoming available in this combustion into a desired form of energy, for instance a burner which can transfer the combustion heat to a heat exchanger for heating of heating medium, air or mains water, which apparatus further comprises a supply conduit for combustion air and a discharge conduit for flue gases.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustion system in which a separator receives a mixture of flue gases and entrained particulate material from a fluidized bed in a furnace. A loop seal valve, in the form of three ducts, connects an outlet of the separator to the furnace for recycling the separated particulate material back to the furnace. One of the ducts extends vertically from the separation and another duct extends horizontally from the latter duct and connects this latter duct to an angled duct which registers with an opening in the furnace wall. The last duct is angled downwardly to provide an increased throughput when compared to standard loop seal devices.

Abstract: An apparatus installed between a fuel economizer and an air preheater for the denitration of exhaust gas from a coal-fired boiler includes at least one vertical flue situated upstream of a reactor containing a denitration catalyst to cause an upward flow of the gas, A hopper is located below the vertical flue for collecting ash separated from the gas, A baffle is preferably provided in the flue to ensure the still more effective separation of ash from a gas.

Abstract: A ventless, combustible waste reduction process and apparatus which can utilize any type of combustion means for disposing of hazardous, as well as non-hazardous, burnable waste. Such wastes include toxic combustible liquids, oil slurries, soils contaminated with dioxin, PCBs, creosote, or any other potentially harmful or toxic combustible material. In particular, the present invention relates to a ventless, combustible waste reduction process in which the operating pressure is slightly below atmospheric pressure and which employs no venting or stack discharge of pollutants whatsoever. The entire flue gas stream is scrubbed, enriched with oxygen and recycled to the combustion chamber in varying amounts in response to pressure and temperature measurements taken in the combustion chamber to maintain the pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber within pre-selected ranges.

Abstract: An installation for the batchwise destruction of noxious materials is described. The noxious material is fed batchwise into a combustion furnace holding a burning coal bed which induces combustion or detonation and also serves as damper for explosion fragments. Burning combustion gases are withdrawn from the upper part of the furnace and conducted while burning to a gas/solid separator. Optionally the burnt out combustion gases are bubbled through water or aqueous solution for the absorption of poisonous gas components and an essentially clean carbon dioxide/air mixture is discharged to the atmosphere.

Abstract: The gas from combustion or gasification of fossil fuel contains flyash and other particulate. The flyash is separated from the gas in a plurality of standleg moving granular-bed filter modules. Each module includes a dipleg through which the bed media flows into the standleg. The bed media forms a first filter bed having an upper mass having a first frusto-conical surface in a frusto-conical member at the entrance to the standleg and a lower mass having a second frusto-conical surface of substantially greater area than the first surface after it passes through the standleg. A second filter media bed may be formed above the first filter media bed. The gas is fed tangentially into the module above the first surface. The flyash is captured on the first frusto-conical surface and within the bed mass. The processed gas flows out through the second frusto-conical surface and then through the second filter bed, if present.

Abstract: A bypass system is provided for a long cement kiln. The long cement kiln includes a cylindrical rotary vessel in which a kiln gas stream flows countercurrent to in-process mineral. The bypass system includes an annular bypass plenum, a port in the wall of the rotary vessel in gas flow communication with said plenum, and a draft tube for preventing passage of in-process mineral through said port. A blower fan induces flow of at least a portion of the kiln gas stream to form a bypass stream through the draft tube and the port and into the annular bypass plenum. The bypass system also includes an apparatus for mixing controlled amounts of ambient air with the bypass stream to cool the kiln gas bypass stream and to precipitate alkali fume in the kiln gas bypass stream before it passes through the draft tube and the port in the wall of the rotary vessel to reduce build up of condensed alkali inside the draft tube.

Abstract: A combination reaction chamber and gas/solids separator is provided in a common reactor vessel. The reactor is capable of carrying out various types of gas/solids reactions within the reaction chamber and, contemporaneously, separates the gas from the particulate solids by way of a separator disposed within the reaction chamber. Gas exits the reaction chamber through an outlet disposed along a central axis of the chamber. Solids exit the chamber through an outlet disposed along the outer periphery of the chamber. The reactor provides improved mass transfer rates as well as selective residence times.

Abstract: A first dust recovering part is disposed upstream in an air inlet passage from a fire detecting part. The air flow is deflected in the first dust recovering part so as to cause the dust to drop to separate from the air and to be recovered in a recovery area of the first recovering part. Farther downstream from the first dust recovering part, a second dust recovering part is arranged having a filter for recovering dust in the air which has passed through the first dust recovering part. Thus, clogging of the filter is avoided and erroneous operations caused by dust are more reliably reduced. As a result, the reliability of the fire detecting apparatus is improved.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing a gas seal in a CFB reactor, which is provided with a vertical, slot-shaped return duct (16), and for regulating the flow of circulating mass therein. The gas seal (22) is formed by arranging barrier means (22, 24, 26) on two different levels in the regulation zone of the return duct to slow down the flow of the circulating mass through the regulation zone. The flow of the circulating mass through the regulation zone is regulated by injecting fluidizing gas (56, 58, 60) into the regulation zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combined cycle power plant comprising a air compressor providing pressurized air at pressure greater than 2 bar; a gas turbine means for driving the gas compressor means; a pressure vessel, circular in cross-section, connected to said air compressor and being capable of withstanding pressures greater than 2 bar; a pressurized circulating fluidized bed reactor enclosed by the pressure vessel, the circulating fluidized bed reactor having a reactor chamber, including substantially planar steam generation tube walls having a bottom section; means for leading hot combustion gases away from said reactor; one or more non-circular centrifugal separator(s) disposed within said pressure vessel being adapted to the reactor chamber and internal pressure vessel geometry for receiving and purifying hot combustion gases, having a gas outlet leading from said separator out of said pressure vessel; said centrifugal separator comprising a vertical vortex chamber having distinctly planar steam