Abstract: A burner assembly for top combustion hot blast stove including a burner surrounded by a burner shell, where the burner has a circular cross-section; a number of air nozzles arranged for tangentially feeding air to the burner, the air nozzles being connected to one or more air distribution chambers; a number of gas nozzles arranged for tangentially feeding gas to the burner, the gas nozzles being connected to one or more gas distribution chambers; wherein the air nozzles are arranged in one or more inclined or vertical stacked arrays of air nozzles, each inclined or vertical stacked array being in connection with one inclined or vertical air distribution chamber; the gas nozzles are arranged in one or more inclined or vertical stacked arrays of gas nozzles, each inclined or vertical stacked array being in connection with one inclined or vertical gas distribution chamber; and the inclined or vertical air distribution chamber(s) and the inclined or vertical gas distribution chamber(s) are arranged along the circ

Abstract: This invention is intended to produce more energy during the combustion of fuels (solid, liquid or gas). This is achieved by separating the electrons and the cations which are produced at the very beginning of the phenomenon of combustion. This way of making conducts to more violent shocks between the cations (C+++; H+) and the anions (O??); thus more energy.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for anticipating operation characteristics of a steam generation system, the steam generation system comprising at least one boiler. The method comprises conducting a fuel analysis of a solid fuel and anticipating the at least one operation characteristic of the steam generation system at the time when a specific partial quantity of solid fuel is combusted in the furnace of a boiler of the steam generation system, and further determining at least one adapted setpoint of at least one operation parameter of the steam generation system dependent upon the fuel composition of any specific solid fuel partial quantity so as to counteract and/or remedy changes of the at least one operation characteristic which are caused by the fuel composition of the specific solid fuel partial quantity. The method may be employed to improve operation of a steam generating system when the fuel composition varies.

Abstract: A method is described for integrating a plurality of micro-gasifiers comprising gasifiers, filters, and engine sets or turbine gensets or combined cycle gensets by linking them via a common bus wherein air flow and engine fuel flow is regulated by valves controlling gas flow between the bus and engine genset or turbine genset or combined cycle genset.

Abstract: A single-heating stage method for reclaiming or recovering metals like nickel and vanadium from a petroleum waste byproduct has three steps: melting the petroleum waste byproduct in a reducing atmosphere, generating agglomerated metal in the melted byproduct, and lifting the agglomerated metal to an exposed surface of the melted byproduct. The metal precipitates out of the molten byproduct, agglomerates into a separate portion, and rises to an exposed surface of the melted petroleum waste byproduct even though the metal may have greater density than the molten petroleum waste byproduct. The original petroleum waste byproduct stratifies into a byproduct remnant and the agglomerated metal disk. The agglomerated metal disk is separable from the byproduct remnant and may be additionally separated into constituent metals in those embodiments with multiple metals in the disk.

Abstract: A method is described for integrating a plurality of micro-gasifiers comprising gasifiers, filters, and engine sets or turbine gensets or combined cycle gensets by linking them via a common bus wherein air flow and engine fuel flow is regulated by valves controlling gas flow between the bus and engine genset or turbine genset or combined cycle genset.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating an axially staged mixer arrangement with dilution air or dilution gas injection in connection with a combustion arrangement of a gas turbine engine or turbo machinery, having at least one combustion chamber, at least one mixer arrangement for admixing air or gas portions to the hot gas flow leaving the combustion chamber. The mixer arrangement includes a plurality of injectors for admixing air portions to cool at least the hot gas flow leaving combustion chamber. The spacing between the last injection location of acting injectors and at least one subsequently arranged dilution air injection, inside of the mixer arrangement in the hot gas flow, where there is no node between the injection locations, corresponds to a distance equal or approximating to half of convective wave length.

Abstract: A system and process for carrying out one or more chemical reactions are provided and include one or more chemical reactors having particulate solids forming a bed therein, and a gas stripping zone forming a non-mechanical seal between said reactors which includes a conduit connecting the reactors. The conduit includes an inlet for a stripping gas which is adapted to prevent process gas from passing between reactors while permitting particulate solids to pass between reactors.

Abstract: A system for fluidizing and conveying a powdery product is provided. The system includes plurality of powder-locking and metering vessels, the vessels each having a conveying line for the powdery product and a control mechanism for the mass flow of the powdery product. The conveying lines are brought together to form a common conveying line and are supplied to a remover of the powdery product. The powder-locking and metering vessels are alternatively fed with the powdery product and tensioned with the fluidizing gas under operating pressure. The control mechanisms of the powder-locking and metering vessels are activated in such a manner that the mass flow sum of powdery product in the conveying lines is identical to the desired value for the mass flow of powdery product to the remover of the powdery product.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, methods and equipment that include Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle technology to retrofit existing plants, that include, e.g., subsystems for separating char fines from syngas after it emerges from an internally-circulating fluidized bed carbonizer and injecting the char into the carbonizer draft tube as a fuel source. Efficiency and power generation are thus increased to the extent that inclusion of carbon capture systems are now possible for existing coal plants in order to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

Abstract: Submerged combustion burners having a burner body, a burner tip connected thereto. Submerged combustion melters including the burners and methods of using them to produce molten glass. The burner body has an external conduit and first and second internal conduits substantially concentric therewith, forming first and second annuli for passing a cooling fluid therethrough. The burner tip body is connected to the burner body at ends of the external and second internal conduits. The burner tip includes a generally central flow passage for a combustible mixture, the flow passage defined by an inner wall of the burner tip. The burner tip includes a crown portion defining a circumferential concavity.

Abstract: A thermally efficiency regenerative air preheater 250 extracts more thermal energy from the flue gas exiting a solid fuel fired furnace 26 by employing an alkaline injection system 276. This mitigates acid fouling by selectively injecting different sized alkaline particles 275 into the air preheater 250. Small particles provide nucleation sites for condensation and neutralization of acid vapors. Large particles are injected to contact and selectively adhere to the heat exchange elements 542 and neutralize liquid acid that condenses there. When the deposit accumulation exceeds a threshold, the apparatus generates and utilizes a higher relative percentage of large particles. Similarly, a larger relative percentage of small particles are used in other cases. Mitigation of the fouling conditions permits the redesign of the air preheater 250 to achieve the transfer of more heat from the flue resulting in a lower flue gas outlet temperature without excessive fouling.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed boiler includes a furnace for combusting solid carbonaceous fuel in a fast fluidized bed. A solids separator is adjacent to a sidewall of the furnace and separates solids entrained with exhaust gas discharged via an outlet channel. A gas seal conveys at least a portion of the separated solids to a first fluidized bed heat exchange chamber that is arranged downstream of the gas seal and has internal heat exchange surfaces. A first lift channel has a lower end connected to a bottom portion of the first fluidized bed heat exchange chamber and an upper end connected to an upper end of a first return channel for discharging solids from the first fluidized bed heat exchange chamber and taking the cooled solids to a lower portion of the furnace. A second fluidized bed heat exchange chamber is arranged adjacent to a lower sidewall of the furnace.

Abstract: A method and an associated apparatus for treating fine-grained material in a spouted bed. Here, the method and design for an associated apparatus for treating fine-grained material in a spouted bed eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art, allow different process conditions in the process chamber to be adjusted in a regulated manner, and has a simple and inexpensive structure. The method is provides that a nearly circular gas flow of the fluidizer is generated in the process chamber (5) by an external annular gap (7) lying on the y-z plane, the diameter of the nearly circular gas flow expands outward in the direction of the x axis inside the process chamber (5), and a nearly circular gas flow of the fluidizer is generated by an internal annular gap (8) lying on the y-z plane, the diameter of the nearly circular gas flow expands inward within the process chamber (5).

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for optimizing combustion conditions in a fluidized-bed boiler, in which combustion gas is fed at two or more height levels, the first of which is a primary level (P) which is located at the height of a furnace bottom and the second is a secondary level (S) which is located above fuel feed height (F), above which secondary level (S) there can be still other combustion gas feed levels (T, . . . ). At least one combustion gas feed level (P, S, T, . . . ) is fed at different points of the furnace (11) in its horizontal direction with combustion gases having different oxygen contents such that zones of different oxygen content can be formed in the horizontal direction of the furnace (11).

Abstract: A method for starting a burner for combusting synthesis gases is provided. The burner includes first and second fuel passages, the first fuel passage encompasses the second fuel passage in a substantially concentric manner and the gas transferred to the burner is mixed with combusting air and is combusted. In order to start the burner, the second fuel passage is first loaded with a synthesis gas to a predefined burner power at a first starting phase and the first fuel passage is loaded with the synthesis gas at a second starting phase.

Abstract: A premix burner arrangement for safely oxygen-enriching a premix air-fuel combustion system is disclosed. In the disclosed burner arrangement, a first conduit is arranged and disposed to provide a first gas stream. The first gas stream is a self-reactive or self-flammable premixture comprising air and a combustible gas. At least one second conduit is arranged and disposed to provide a second gas stream circumferentially around the first gas stream. The second gas stream includes oxygen. The premix burner arrangement is configured to combust or react the first stream at a temperature at least 1000° F. greater than the temperature of the second stream. A method and combustion system including the premix burner arrangement are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of combustion include metering a substantially explosible powder into an oxidizing gas using a positive displacement powder dispersion device to suspend the powder in the gas and directing the powder in the gas to form a controlled stream of a moving explosible powder dispersion. In some embodiments, the method further includes igniting the dispersion with an ignition source to produce a stationary deflagrating combustion wave and sustaining combustion by continuing to meter the powder into the gas. In other embodiments, the method further includes adjusting a nozzle velocity of the dispersion to reflect properties of the dispersion to create a sustainable flame and igniting the dispersion to produce a stationary deflagrating wave of the dispersion. In other embodiments, the method further includes igniting the dispersion in a combustion area to produce a stationary deflagrating wave such that a conductive heat transfer from combustion brings the powder to combustion temperature.

Abstract: This disclosure may relate generally to systems, devices, and methods for a injecting a compound through a sootblower, burner or other utility furnace hardware, such that the compound can be delivered to targeted areas on the inside of a utility furnace. In one embodiment, the compound is a chemical for improving environmental controls. In another embodiment, the compound is a fuel. In that embodiment, compound can facilitate retrofitting a burner to a dual fired utility furnace. In another embodiment, the compound is a chemical for removing slag from the furnace.

Abstract: A biomass-mixed, pulverized coal-fired burner is provided. The biomass-mixed, pulverized coal-fired burner is capable of burning biomass fuel as auxiliary fuel in large quantities and burning only pulverized coal when the biomass fuel is not sufficiently available. The biomass-mixed, pulverized coal-fired burner includes: a biomass fuel jet nozzle that extends axially along the biomass-mixed, pulverized coal-fired burner; a pulverized coal fuel jet nozzle that surrounds the biomass fuel jet nozzle; a secondary air nozzle that surrounds the pulverized coal fuel jet nozzle; and a tertiary air nozzle that surrounds the secondary air nozzle. A biomass fuel stream is jetted into an inside of a pulverized coal fuel flame formed in a furnace, the flame offering favorable ignition and flame holding performance.

Abstract: A carbon fuel combustion process, employing an air gas separation unit, a combustion unit operating either with air or with an oxidizer leaner in nitrogen than air, coming from the air gas separation unit, and a unit for compressing and/or purifying the CO2 coming from the combustion flue gas, wherein the power consumed by the air gas separation unit and/or the flow of oxygen produced by the air gas separation unit and/or the capture of the CO2 coming from the combustion flue gas are variable over time is presented.

Abstract: A biomass-mixed, pulverized coal-fired burner is provided, capable of burning biomass fuel as auxiliary fuel in large quantities and burning only pulverized coal when the biomass fuel is not sufficiently available. The biomass-mixed, pulverized coal-fired burner includes a biomass fuel jet nozzle that extends axially along the biomass-mixed, pulverized coal-fired burner, a fuel jet nozzle that is open midway in the biomass fuel jet nozzle, a secondary air nozzle that surrounds the fuel jet nozzle, and a tertiary air nozzle that surrounds the secondary air nozzle. A pulverized coal component in a fuel stream as a mixture of the pulverized coal fuel stream and the biomass fuel stream is distributed with a higher concentration on an outer circumferential wall side and a biomass fuel component in the fuel stream is distributed inside of the pulverized coal fuel component.

Abstract: This mixed coal fuel is obtained by mixing a low-grade coal and residual coal. The residual coal is obtained by separating, through evaporation, a solvent from concentrated solids left over when a solution portion, which contains soluble coal components in solvent, is separated from a slurry obtained by mixing and heating coal and a solvent. Furthermore, the ratio (base/acid) of basic components to acidic components contained in ash of the residual coal is lower than that of the low-grade coal.

Abstract: A solid fuel/oxygen burner including a central oxygen conduit extending toward a tip end of the burner, an outer fuel conduit surrounding the oxygen conduit, an inner fuel conduit positioned between the oxygen conduit and the outer fuel conduit to form an inner annulus in conjunction with the oxygen conduit and an outer annulus in conjunction with the outer fuel conduit, the inner fuel conduit having an outlet end upstream of the tip end, a truncated conical divider within the outer fuel conduit surrounding the oxygen conduit downstream of the inner fuel conduit for dividing a fuel stream in the outer fuel conduit into an inner annular conical diffuser and an outer annular converging nozzle, and at least three radial guide vanes within the diffuser, wherein the outlet end of the inner fuel conduit is spaced apart from an inlet end of the divider by a distance, X.

Abstract: A wide-flame solid fuel/oxygen burner including a fuel nozzle having an aspect ratio of at least about 2 defined by the ratio of a fuel nozzle width, W, measured along a major axis centerline, to a fuel nozzle height, H, measured along a minor axis centerline, and long walls spaced substantially symmetrically from the major axis centerline, the fuel nozzle having an inlet width, WN; and a pair of guide vanes positioned on either side of the major axis centerline between that centerline and an adjacent long wall, the guide vanes diverging from the major axis centerline in the flow direction by an angle such that the guide vanes are closer together at an upstream end and farther apart at a downstream end, thereby forming a central diffuser between the guide vanes and an outer converging nozzle between each guide vane and one of the long walls.

Abstract: A dual phase fuel feeder is disclosed that can be used to provide both solid fuels and liquid fuels to a boiler, such as a fluidized bed boiler. The fuel feeder includes a sloped chute which defines a solid feedpath. Gas distribution nozzles are located at the base of the fuel feeder, and secondary nozzles are located so as to be able to distribute a liquid or particulate fuel into the solid feedpath. This permits the liquid fuel to contact the solid fuel and be carried into the fluidized bed instead of becoming suspended above the bed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a coal fed power generation system comprising a mill in fluid communication with a furnace; where the mill is operative to pulverize coal and to ventilate the coal; where the furnace contains more than one burner or burner nozzles; where the burner or burner nozzles are operative to receive the coal from the mill and combust it in the furnace; and a plurality of flow control devices; where at least one flow control device is in fluid communication with the mill and with the burner or burner nozzle; and where the flow control device that is in fluid communication with the mill and with the burners or burner nozzles is closed to prevent fluid communication between the mill and the furnace during the operation of the furnace.

Abstract: A system includes a feed preparation system, with a fluid injection system configured to inject a fluid into a feed stream to generate a feed-fluid mixture. The feed stream includes a first solid, a second solid, and a gas. The feed preparation system also includes a cyclone configured to separate the feed-fluid mixture into a first stream that includes the first solid and the gas, and a second stream that includes the second solid and the fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combustion apparatus, in particular to a burner for the combustion of carbonaceous fuel.

Abstract: A burner is arranged axially of a burner throat on a furnace wall and includes a nozzle body housed in a wind box and with a secondary air adjuster on a leading end of the nozzle body. The adjuster includes an end plate for defining together with a near-furnace side surface of the wind box a cylindrical space opened in an outer circumference thereof, a slide damper axially slidable for surrounding the cylindrical space, air vanes arranged at predetermined intervals and circumferentially of the cylindrical space for swirling a secondary air and drive means and for slide movement of the slide damper.

Abstract: Coal-fired power station with controller for air-fuel ratio in combustion of ground coal, with pneumatic conveying of ground coal to burners of power station. An electrode (10) with average radius rm with 0.1 mm?rm?1.2 mm arranged in channel carrying air in flow direction of air upstream of sensors (11) of correlation measurement device (12) at distance l with 1× unobstructed width of flow cross-section of the channel carrying the air<l<10× unobstructed width of the flow cross-section of the channel carrying the air in the region of the sensors (11). A counter electrode (13, 25) electrically operative relative to electrode (10) is arranged in upstream of sensors (11), and electrode (10) and counter electrode (13, 25) are connected with different poles of a high-voltage source (9) configured for providing a voltage U of 12 kV?U?20 kV.

Abstract: Solid particulate fuels are combusted with a primary oxidant stream of industrially pure oxygen and a secondary oxidant stream of industrially pure oxygen optionally mixed with a portion of recycled flue gas. The fuel is conveyed with a carrier gas of air or recycled flue gas. An oxygen concentration out of the total amount of the fuel stream and the primary and secondary oxidant streams is 40-63% by mass or 47-70% by volume.

Abstract: A design and method of operation for the floor of solid fuel boilers is described. The combustion region includes a stepped-floor that improves combustion in the lower furnace. In some embodiments, the fuel is moved between the steps of the floor by a gas, rather than by mechanical means, and the fuel is moved from an upper to a lower step as it is burned. In some embodiments, the steps are fixed steps having a layer of a refractory material.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for generating heat energy includes injecting a stream having a concentration of at least 50% oxygen (O2 stream) into a primary gas stream through a mixer, the mixer discharging the O2 stream as two or more spaced jets traversing the primary stream, thereby enriching the primary gas stream. The method further includes mixing fuel with the enriched primary gas stream, thereby forming a fuel stream; and combusting the fuel stream, thereby forming a flue gas stream.

Abstract: Method and device for combusting a solid phase fuel, where the fuel is caused, by the help of a non-pneumatic feeding element (11), to be fed to an inlet opening (11a) in a burner device (10), where the burner device (10) includes a first inlet (13a) for the oxidant through which an oxidant is caused to flow via a first supply conduit (13). The first inlet (13a) for oxidant is arranged in the form of a first opening arranged by the inlet opening, through which the oxidant is caused to flow out, through a burner pipe (16) and out through a burner orifice (17) to a combustion space (18), so that the oxidant by ejector action causes the fuel to be conveyed through the burner pipe and out through the burner orifice (17), and water vapour is added to the oxidant before the oxidant reacts with the fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to processes for preparing an inorganic sodium and/or chlorine contaminated low-rank coal feedstock for combustion in a fluidized fuel combustor to generate steam and, desirably, co-generate electricity.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to processes for preparing agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstocks of a particle size suitable for reaction in a fluidized-bed reactor and certain other gasification reactors and, in particular, for coal gasification and combustion applications. The present invention also relates to integrated coal gasification and combustion processes including preparing and utilizing such agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstocks.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and method for thermolysis of waste plastic in which reaction residue and carbonization products are continuously removed. The apparatus includes a feeding system, an extruder, a reactor for thermolysis, a dual agitator housed within the reactor, a trigger system in operative connection with the reactor, a flux heater, and a collecting system in operative connection with the reactor. The reactor for thermolysis has a height at least 1.5 times bigger than a diameter. The trigger system includes a circulation pump and the collecting system has a three-way valve in an external circulation loop. The apparatus is arranged such that the extruder follows the feeding system, the reactor follows the extruder, the trigger system is at a bottom of the reactor, and the flux heater and collecting system follow the reactor.

Abstract: A combustion system for operational connection to an energy conversion system and a method of providing thermal energy to the energy conversion system. The system comprises a combustor to be oxy-fired at above atmospheric pressure, using solid, liquid or gaseous fuels, with a supply of oxygen and supercritical carbon dioxide. The combustion gases from the combustor are delivered to a heat exchanger which interfaces with the energy conversion system. Temperatures in the combustor, and the delivery temperature to the heat exchanger, are controlled by selective recirculation of at least part of the combustion gases to the combustor, and by modulating the supply of oxygen and fuel to the combustor. Any combustion gases which are not recirculated are processed to separate carbon dioxide for use or sequestration. The system and method substantially eliminate emissions of carbon dioxide, while providing a highly efficient supply of thermal energy to the energy conversion system.

Abstract: Provided is a method for operating a pulverized coal-fired boiler facility, wherein upgraded low-grade coal can be safely used as fuel and an existing facility needs little remodeling. The present invention relates to a method for operating a pulverized coal-fired boiler facility (100) that uses upgraded brown coal as fuel. Boiler exhaust gas taken out of an exhaust gas duct (31) is added to air from a primary air fan (10) to prepare mixed gas with an oxygen concentration of less than 12% in a volume ratio, the mixed gas is caused to separately flow to a carrier gas duct (33) that goes through a GAH (8) and a bypass carrier gas duct (34) that bypasses the GAH (8), and thereafter the mixed gas is supplied to a mill (21).

Abstract: In an exhaust gas treatment system including a denitration device that removes nitrogen oxide in exhaust gas from a heavy fuel-fired boiler, an air preheater that recovers heat in the gas after the nitrogen oxide is removed, an electric precipitator that removes dust while adding ammonia into the gas after heat recovery, a desulfurization device that removes sulfur oxide in the gas after dust removal, and a stack that exhausts the gas after desulfurization to the outside, an ash-shear-force measuring instrument is provided to measure an ash shear force, which is ash flowability, on the downstream side of the electric precipitator, so that a feed rate of an air supply unit that supplies air to the boiler is reduced according to ash shear-force information.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for continuous real time heating value/coal flow balancing of coal from a coal feeder to a burner. The apparatus includes a Dual-energy Gamma Attenuation (DGA)/Multi-energy Gamma Attenuation (MGA) device for measuring coal quality at a specific location between the coal silo/bunker and the coal feeder in a coal fired plant in order to control the individual burner stoichiometries according to the measured coal quality. By strategically placing the DGA/MGA device, continuous accurate real-time coal quality information is accomplished for making individual adjustments in order to improve stoichiometry to optimize performance of the system.

Abstract: A burner 15 where a secondary air regulator 36 is provided on a forward end of a nozzle main unit 16 to be installed along the central axis of a burner throat 13 being installed on a furnace wall 12 and to be accommodated in a wind box 14, wherein the secondary air regulator has an end plate 37 having a bored hole 38 penetrating in an axial direction and for forming a cylindrical space 48 with peripheral surface opened in a space with the furnace core side surface of the wind box, a rotary damper 42 having a bored hole 45 penetrating in an axial direction and being capable to open or close the hole on the end plate by rotating in a peripheral direction, a sliding damper 52 for surrounding the cylindrical space and being slidable in an axial direction, air vanes 46 and 47 installed at a predetermined distance along circumference of the cylindrical space and for giving swirling to the secondary air 34, first driving means 54, 56 and 44 for rotating the rotary sliding damper, and second driving means 53 and 55 f

Abstract: An arrangement is disclosed for supplying an air jet form to the furnace of a recovery boiler, where the furnace has a front wall, a rear wall and side walls. Black liquor spraying devices are disposed on the furnace walls on one or several levels of the furnace. A plurality of air ports are located at several horizontal elevations for introducing air into the furnace from an air supply. In the arrangement for the secondary air flows, at least two horizontal air levels at different elevations are arranged above the lower primary levels and below the black liquor sprayer. Secondary air is supplied from two opposite walls. The secondary air ports on each of said first and second horizontal elevations comprise air ports for each horizontal elevation that project a pattern of large air jets into the furnace from said opposite walls and said secondary air ports further comprise a plurality of secondary air ports on at least one of the elevations that project smaller air jets into the furnace.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a device and method for supplying a sorbent, at one or more various desired supply points in a flue gas stream, to boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.). In one embodiment, the device of the present invention that is designed to supply a sorbent comprises a series of coaxial pipes. In another embodiment, the device of the present invention that is designed to supply a sorbent comprises a mixing section with a plurality of distribution vanes contained in at least one mixing section.

Abstract: An oxygen combustion system includes a boiler to burn fuel using combustion gas composed of oxygen-rich gas and circulating flue gas, a dust remover disposed in a flue through which flue gas discharged from the boiler flows, a second flue leading the combustion gas to the boiler, the combustion gas being made by mixing the circulating flue gas extracted downstream of the dust remover with the oxygen-rich gas, a combustion gas heater exchanging heat between the flue gas flowing between the boiler and dust remover and the combustion gas flowing through the second flue, and a flue gas cooler disposed between the heater and the dust remover to cool the flue gas. A control unit controls at least one of a flow rate and cooling medium temperature of the flue gas cooler such that temperature of the flue gas introduced into the dust remover will be between 90° C. and 140° C.

Abstract: To provide a burner structure in which a burner is capable of highly precisely controlling the flow rate of the air for combustion within itself. An air flow passage (11) in a wind box (12) for injecting the air for combustion into a furnace (1) has a bent portion (13) just before joining with the furnace, and one or a plurality of guide vanes (14) are provided in the air flow passage (11) in the bent portion (13), and also in the bent portion (13), a drift control damper (16) is provided for varying the ratio of flow passage resistances of each of the air flow passages (11) divided by the guide vanes (14).

Abstract: A stirring control method is adapted for a combustion apparatus which includes a furnace for burning fuel material, and a stirring member rotatably disposed in the furnace for stirring the fuel material and ash resulting from burning of the fuel material. The stirring control method includes: controlling rotation of the stirring member at an initial rotational speed; determining whether a height of the fuel material reaches an upper detection range; generating an indication when the height of the fuel material reaches the upper detection range; determining whether the height of the fuel material reaches a lower detection range when the height of the fuel material does not reach the upper detection range; and controlling rotation of the stirring member at a rotational speed higher than the initial rotational speed when the height of the fuel material reaches the lower detection range.

Abstract: A burner at which fuel cannot be combusted with air as the only source of oxygen for combustion in a stable flame at the burner when the feed rate of the fuel is too low, when the fuel is fed at too high an air-to-fuel mass ratio, when the fuel contains too high an amount of inert matter, or when the specific energy content of the fuel is too low, is modified by supplying oxidant containing more than 21 vol. % oxygen into the base of a flame at the burner, whereupon such fuels can be combusted at the burner.

Abstract: An initial coal is cleaned to reduce ash content by ?20% and yield refined coal that optimizes combustion air flow through a coal burner. This permits conveyance of pulverized refined coal in suspended condition through feeder pipes of the coal burner using reduced air flow compared to the quantity of air required to convey pulverized initial coal in suspended condition through the feeder pipes. This reduces oxygen in the primary combustion zone, lowering conversion of fuel nitrogen into NOx and instead converting it into N2 using the refined coal product. Reduced primary combustion air also reduces core flame temperature, reducing thermal NOx formation using the refined coal product. Increasing secondary and/or tertiary combustion air compensates for reduced primary combustion air and result in overall decrease in NOx formation (e.g., thermal NOx formation is reduced when combustion completed in cooler secondary and/or tertiary combustion zones).