Treating Fuel Constituent Or Combustion Product Patents (Class 110/342)
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Publication number: 20030221597Abstract: A process for the pyrolysis of waste materials, particularly medical waste, is provided. In the pyrolysis process, waste material is placed in a sealed container. The sealed container is placed in a load chamber and the waste material is subjected to pyrolysis. The process generates pyrolysis gases containing volatile organic compounds which are fed to an oxidation chamber containing tangential and radial air inlet ports. The pyrolysis gases are combusted and hot gases are produced in the oxidation chamber. In the operation, at least a portion of the generated heat and hot gases is fed to the load chamber which holds the pyrolysis container.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 2, 2003Publication date: December 4, 2003Inventor: Peter David Barba
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Patent number: 6647903Abstract: Apparatus and method for generating fuel gas and optionally, activated carbon gasification from biomass fuel.Type: GrantFiled: September 14, 2001Date of Patent: November 18, 2003Inventor: Charles W. Aguadas Ellis
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Patent number: 6647902Abstract: To improve slag quality, on a fired grate, at the end of the main combustion process, where burnable fractions are still present in addition to slag components which are already forming, the burnup rate or burnup intensity is changed by varying the primary air rate in sequential time sections, the time sections preferably being in a ratio of 1:1 and the reduced primary air rate being 50 to 70% of the standard primary air rate.Type: GrantFiled: October 10, 2001Date of Patent: November 18, 2003Assignee: Martin GmbH für Umwelt-und EnergietechnikInventors: Johannes Martin, Peter Spichal
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Publication number: 20030205183Abstract: An apparatus for promoting biaxially uniform distribution of coal particle size in an airstream supplying combustible mixture to a firebox by way of a header having a quadrangular arrangement of feed pipes. A conduit or duct which receives the coal air mix from a bowl mill pulverizer uses first and second single axis mixer elements in series, the operating or mixing axes of the two elements being disposed orthogonal to one another and at right angles to the air flow direction in the vicinity of the mixer elements. Deflector bars are disposed immediately upstream of the mixer elements.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 1, 2002Publication date: November 6, 2003Inventor: Rickey E. Wark
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Patent number: 6637354Abstract: A process for recovering the byproducts of a process that burns coal and for reusing the byproducts is disclosed. The process includes the steps of identifying a disposal site that contains the byproducts (typically flyash and bottom ash), removing at least a portion of the byproducts from the disposal site, analyzing a sample of the portion of the byproducts to determine the loss on ignition of the portion of the byproducts, introducing the portion of the byproducts along with pulverized coal into a pulverized coal furnace if the portion of byproducts have a loss on ignition greater than or equal to a predetermined loss on ignition value (typically greater than or equal to 1 to 5%), and burning the portion of the byproducts in the furnace with the pulverized coal to render the byproducts into a commercially valuable fly ash and bottom ash having very low loss on ignition, typically lower than 3%.Type: GrantFiled: February 28, 2002Date of Patent: October 28, 2003Assignee: Wisconsin Electric Power CompanyInventor: Bruce W. Ramme
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Publication number: 20030196577Abstract: In a two-stage wet waste burner, a first-stage combustion chamber has a symmetrical grate arrangement. The grate comprises spaced individual upright air supply tubes with flat horizontal upper surfaces swept by ash-removal plates. The height and width of the air supply tubes are selected to provide an upper surface profile approximating the natural angle of repose of the waste. Twin waste feed distribution augers span the chamber and rotate in mating troughs. The axis of rotation of each auger is sloped so that the discharge end of the auger is higher than the feed inlet end, and the trough sidewalls are inclined downwardly from the inlet end to the discharge end; these attributes promote even discharge of waste across the span of the chamber. Vertical walls of the air supply tubes are provided with air ports for supplying combustion air, the vertical orientation of the apertures and a degree of shielding of the upper surfaces of the air supply tubes inhibit clogging of the air ports.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 7, 2003Publication date: October 23, 2003Inventor: Malcolm D. Lefcort
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Publication number: 20030192461Abstract: Methods and systems for treating organic waste, which include determining the ignition threshold temperature for the organic waste and at least one mineral by-product, selecting a ratio of organic waste:mineral by-product(s) based on the determined ignition threshold temperature, combining the mineral by-product(s) with the organic waste, so as to arrive at a mixture having the selected ratio of organic waste:mineral by-product(s); and drying the mixture of organic waste and mineral by-product(s) to produce organic waste solids. The treatment methods of the present invention are methods of stabilizing the treated organic waste so as to control the tendency of the organic waste to ignite. Also provided are organic waste solids formed by the methods of the present invention.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 12, 2002Publication date: October 16, 2003Inventors: Terry J. Logan, Ervin L. Faulmann
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Publication number: 20030183139Abstract: In the process for treating incineration residues, the incineration is controlled in such a way that a sintering and/or fusing of the slag takes place as early as in the incineration bed of the main incineration zone. The incineration residues produced are quenched in a wet slag remover and conveyed out of the latter. The wet incineration residues which come out of the wet slag remover are firstly divided into two fractions by means of a screening operation, after which the main fraction is washed with water taken from the wet slag remover, and in the process adhering fine pieces are separated off. The washed pieces of the incineration residues are fed for reuse. The washing water together with the ultra fine pieces which have been taken up during the washing operation pass into the wet slag remover. The fine fraction produced during the mechanical separation operation is fed back to the incineration operation.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 27, 2003Publication date: October 2, 2003Applicants: Martin GmbH fur Umwelt- und Energietechnik, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Johannes Martin, Oliver Gohlke, Joachim Horn, Michael Busch
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Publication number: 20030183137Abstract: In the process for treating incineration residues from waste incineration plants, the incineration material is incinerated on a furnace grate. The incineration residues produced are quenched in a wet slag remover and conveyed out of the latter. The wet incineration residues which come out of the wet slag remover are firstly divided into two fractions by means of a screening operation, after which the main fraction is washed with water taken from the wet slag remover, and in the process adhering fine pieces are separated off. The washed pieces of the incineration residues are fed for reuse. The washing water together with the ultra fine pieces which have been taken up during the washing operation pass into the wet slag remover. The fine fraction produced during the mechanical separation operation is fed back to the incineration operation.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 27, 2003Publication date: October 2, 2003Applicants: Martin GmbH fur Umwelt- und Energietechnik, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Johannes Martin, Oliver Gohlke, Joachim Horn, Michael Busch
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Publication number: 20030172857Abstract: A method of disposing of combustible materials. The method includes the steps of: providing a heating space; providing a first source to generate heat to a first predetermined level at a first location in the heating space sufficient to reconstitute the combustible materials to a molten slag at the first location and so that heat generated by the first source elevates the temperature at a second location within the heating space to a second predetermined heat level that is below the predetermined heat level and high enough to cause combustion of the combustible materials; directing combustible materials to the second location at which the combustible materials are combusted to produce ash; and causing the ash to be directed to the first location to be reconstituted as molten slag.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 6, 2003Publication date: September 18, 2003Inventors: Ichiro Suzuki, Shinichi Nakazawa, Kenji Katagiri, Hitoshi Kumata, Hirokuni Matsuda, Tokuyoshi Kawai, Shuji Tada
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Patent number: 6619218Abstract: A method for making harmless a material to be treated containing a pollutant, including the steps of arranging a pair of ejecting nozzles such that nozzle openings thereof are opposed to each other inside a pressure-proof furnace, thermally treating that material, ejecting the thermally treated material through each of the nozzle openings of the nozzles, respectively, and colliding the material ejected through one of the nozzles with that ejected through the other in a space inside the pressure-proof furnace and between a pair of the nozzle openings such that a portion of the pollutant of the material remaining non-decomposed by the thermal treatment may be decomposed.Type: GrantFiled: April 24, 2001Date of Patent: September 16, 2003Assignees: San Iku Co., Ltd., International Preserve Environment Co., Ltd.Inventor: Hisao Tsuruta
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Patent number: 6615751Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reducing agglomeration, sintering and deposit formation resulting from the gasification or combustion of a solid carbonaceous fuel material comprising a combustible portion and a non combustible inorganic portion, which non combustible inorganic portion comprises 4 to 50 parts by weight of Kw+Naw, and 0 to 40 parts by weight of Siw, wherein Kw is potassium, Naw is sodium, and Siw is silicon, all calculated in parts by weight of the elements per 100 parts by weight of the inorganic portion, and optionally also chloride, phosphorus, calcium and sulphur which method is characterised in adding to the fuel before or during the gasification or combustion, Padded parts by weight of phosphorus compound calculated as P wherein the amount Padded is calculated in accordance with the formula I Padded=q1×(31/39 Kw+31/23 Naw−Pw−31/35,4 Clw) (I) wherein q1=0.Type: GrantFiled: April 15, 2002Date of Patent: September 9, 2003Assignee: RaetechInventors: Lasse Holst Sørensen, Jan Fjellerup, Ulrik Henriksen
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Patent number: 6604474Abstract: This invention discloses the synergistic integration of solid fuel combustion, low NOx control technologies (such as Low NOx Burners, reburning and Advanced Reburning) with partial in-duct gasification of coal or other solid fuels. For partial gasification, the solid fuel can be transported and injected by recycled flue gas stream at 600-800° F. in the reburning zone or in the upper section of the main combustion zone of a boiler. This allows the fuel to be preheated and partially pyrolyzed and gasified in the duct and then injected into the boiler as a mixture of coal, gaseous products, and char. Gasification increases coal reactivity and results in lower carbon-in-ash levels. As an option, the gaseous and solid products can be split using a cyclone separator. Splitting the gasified fuel stream will allow the volatile matter to be used for reburning and the fixed carbon to be injected into the high-temperature main combustion zone.Type: GrantFiled: May 11, 2001Date of Patent: August 12, 2003Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Vladimir Zamansky, Vitali Victor Lissianski, Peter Martin Maly, Yuri Mikhailovloh Mospan
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Patent number: 6595147Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling or removing mercury, mercury compounds and high molecular weight organics, if present, from a resource recovery exhaust stream by separately adding a carbonaceous char to the flue gas while it is still within the unit. The char can be produced in situ by adding a carbonaceous material and allowing it to thermally decompose.Type: GrantFiled: February 28, 2002Date of Patent: July 22, 2003Assignee: Hamon Research-Cottrell, Inc.Inventors: Aaron J. Teller, Jonathan R. Lagarenne
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Patent number: 6588349Abstract: System for drying a damp biofuel, includes a boiler (1) for combustion of the fuel. Further, the system includes a first heat drying chamber (2), a drying gas flow (3) heated by the thermal energy of the combustion gases from the boiler and/or by steam, the gas flow being passed into the first heat drying chamber, and a fuel supply (4) for passing the fuel into the first heat drying chamber. The system includes a second heat drying chamber (5), an intermediate heating unit (6) for heating the drying gas flow before the second heat drying chamber, an intermediate supply (7) for passing the fuel from the first heat drying chamber into the second heat drying chamber, a boiler supply (8) for passing the fuel from the final heat drying chamber into the boiler and an outlet (9) for passing the flow of drying gas from the final heat drying chamber into the boiler.Type: GrantFiled: March 11, 2002Date of Patent: July 8, 2003Inventors: Pekka Ahtila, Jukka-Pekka Spets
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Publication number: 20030097970Abstract: A process for recovering the byproducts of a process that burns coal and for reusing the byproducts is disclosed. The process includes the steps of identifying a disposal site that contains the byproducts (typically fly ash and bottom ash), removing at least a portion of the byproducts from the disposal site, analyzing a sample of the portion of the byproducts to determine the loss on ignition of the portion of the byproducts, introducing the portion of the byproducts along with pulverized coal into a pulverized coal furnace if the portion of byproducts have a loss on ignition greater than or equal to a predetermined loss on ignition value (typically greater than or equal to 1 to 5%), and burning the portion of the byproducts in the furnace with the pulverized coal to render the byproducts into a commercially valuable fly ash and bottom ash having very low loss on ignition, typically lower than 3%.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 28, 2002Publication date: May 29, 2003Inventor: Bruce W. Ramme
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Patent number: 6564727Abstract: A method for retrofitting a solid fuel pulverizer and exhauster system includes replacing the bowl drive motor 38 with a new drive motor which is operable to drivingly rotate the bowl 12 at the pre-retrofit speed but which provides relatively more horsepower than the replaced bowl drive motor 38 and replacing the original exhauster fan coupling with a new exhauster fan gear set 46, 48 which effects rotation of the exhauster fan 30 at a relatively higher rotational speed than the pre-retrofit speed. A solid fuel pulverizer and exhauster system of the present invention acting in cooperative association with a fuel-fired steam generating power plant includes an exhauster fan transmission assembly 50, 52 operable to translate the rotation of the drive shaft 54 of the exhauster fan drive motor 44 through ninety (90) degrees to thereby effect rotation of the fan by the exhauster fan drive motor 44.Type: GrantFiled: January 25, 2002Date of Patent: May 20, 2003Assignee: Alstom Ltd.Inventors: Stanley E. Kmiotek, Gregory R. Strich
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Patent number: 6558454Abstract: A process for removing vapor phase contaminants from a gas stream includes the step of adding a raw carbonaceous starting material into a gas stream having an activation temperature sufficient to convert the raw carbonaceous starting material into an activated material in-situ. The raw carbonaceous starting material can be either a solid-phase, liquid phase or vapor-phase material. The activated material then adsorbs the vapor phase contaminants, and the activation material containing the vapor phase contaminants is removed from the gas stream using a particulate collection device. The process is particularly suited for the removal of vapor phase air toxics, such as mercury, from the flue gas of a combustion process. An apparatus for the removal of vapor phase contaminants from a gas stream is also described.Type: GrantFiled: February 27, 2001Date of Patent: May 6, 2003Assignee: Electric Power Research Institute, Inc.Inventors: Ramsay Chang, Massoud Rostam-Abadi, Sharon Sjostrom
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Publication number: 20030075086Abstract: A system for disposing of municipal solid waste 10) provides commercially-available equipment that is modified to initially remove identifiable unwanted components from the waste (12), and then chop the waste into small pieces (16) of a size suitable for handling and combustion. The moisture content of the waste is reduced in a closed system (20) by passing dry air through the waste in a confined space (30) to absorb moisture and produce moist air, which is then dehumidified via refrigeration equipment (34). The dehumidified air is recycled (30, 40) through the waste repeatedly through the closed system (20) until the water content has reached the predetermined amount. The waste is stored in a bunker (41) for later burning, or is immediately burned in a furnace (24) to produce heat that is used to produce steam (50), which drives a generator (26) to produce electricity (52) that is partly used to power the process and partly sold commercially.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 24, 2002Publication date: April 24, 2003Inventor: Richard B. Pallett
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Patent number: 6532880Abstract: A system for drying sludge includes a shaftless spiral feed screw for moving sludge through a drying chamber. An high energy inductor is located at a output of the drying chamber for drawing hot gases through the chamber to dry the sludge as it advances from the input end to the output end of the chamber. The high energy inductor also aspirates the dried sludge from the chamber. The drying system can be used in conjunction with a waste-to-energy furnace for incineration of sludge and municipal waste. In such an arrangement, the dried sludge can be aspirated from the drying chamber directly into a combustion zone of the furnace. Hot gases from the furnace can be used in drying the sludge.Type: GrantFiled: May 8, 2002Date of Patent: March 18, 2003Inventor: Vincent Promuto
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Publication number: 20030037714Abstract: The present invention can provide a method for combustion treatment capable of efficiently treating combustible waste, and a combustion treatment apparatus capable of realizing such a method. The present invention can further provide a method for combustion treatment capable of efficiently treating even combustible waste containing a generation source of a volatile hazardous component, and a combustion treatment apparatus capable of realizing this. Furthermore, the present invention can provide a method for combustion treatment capable of efficiently recovering and making effective use of the heat of an exhaust gas discharged during a treatment of combustible waste, and a combustion treatment apparatus capable of realizing this. The aforementioned method for combustion treatment is a method for treating combustible waste, in which the combustible waste is subjected to combustion treatment in a rotary hearth furnace.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 20, 2002Publication date: February 27, 2003Applicant: Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd)Inventors: Masahiko Tetsumoto, Hiroshi Sugitatsu
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Patent number: 6520098Abstract: A method of disposing of combustible materials. The method includes the steps of: providing a heating space; providing a first source to generate heat to a first predetermined level at a first location in the heating space sufficient to reconstitute the combustible materials to a molten slag at the first location and so that heat generated by the first source elevates the temperature at a second location within the heating space to a second predetermined heat level that is below the predetermined heat level and high enough to cause combustion of the combustible materials; directing combustible materials to the second location at which the combustible materials are combusted to produce ash; and causing the ash to be directed to the first location to be reconstituted as molten slag.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 2000Date of Patent: February 18, 2003Assignees: Tokyo Electric Power Company, Tokyo Densetsu Services, Prometron Technics Corp.Inventors: Ichiro Suzuki, Shinichi Nakazawa, Kenji Katagiri, Hitoshi Kumata, Hirokuni Matsuda, Tokuyoshi Kawai, Shuji Tada
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Patent number: 6520099Abstract: Provided are a method of treating coal ash by mixing it with water, in which the coal ash and water undergo a temperature difference therebetween while they are mixed; and a method of desulfurization in a coal combustion boiler system, which comprises mixing coal ash that has been separated from a ash collector in the system, with water on the condition that the two undergo a temperature difference therebetween while they are mixed, and circulating the resulting mixture that serves as a desulfurizing agent into the coal combustor in the system. The desulfurization capability of the desulfurizing agent used in the desulfurization method is higher than that of the desulfurizing agent obtained through hydration of coal ash with water or steam.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 2001Date of Patent: February 18, 2003Assignee: Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.Inventor: Osamu Furuya
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Publication number: 20030010268Abstract: The invention relates to a method of regulating a roasting furnace in fluidized bed roasting. Part of the roasting furnace grate is separated off into a separate grate section, known as the overflow grate, where the nozzles and the amount of roasting gas blown through them can be regulated independently of the main grate. It is advantageous to position the separately regulated grate in the section of the furnace where the overflow aperture is located.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 27, 2002Publication date: January 16, 2003Inventor: Heikki Siirila
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Patent number: 6497187Abstract: A method and apparatus for combustion of a solid carbonaceous material in which the solid carbonaceous material is preheated and at least a portion thereof pyrolyzed on a stoker grate disposed in the lower portion of a combustion chamber to produce pyrolysis products. Overfire oxidant is then introduced into the combustion chamber above the stoker grate to ensure complete combustion of combustibles in the products of combustion generated by combustion of the solid carbonaceous material and the pyrolysis products. Preheating and pyrolysis of the solid carbonaceous material is carried out by the introduction of a pyrolysis agent directly into the bed of solid carbonaceous material.Type: GrantFiled: March 16, 2001Date of Patent: December 24, 2002Assignee: Gas Technology InstituteInventors: Mark J. Khinkis, Iosif K. Rabovitser
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Publication number: 20020189510Abstract: A process for treating a waste or treatable material containing noxious component(s), comprising the following steps: (1) carrying out a first step for the treatable material, the first step including (a) mixing a treatment agent with the treatable material to form a mixture, the treatment agent containing alkali metal compound, and (b) heating the mixture in a first furnace at a first temperature in a low oxygen atmosphere to thermally decompose the treatable material to generate a substance containing the noxious component, the substance contacting and reacting with the treatment agent to form a harmless salt; and (2) carrying out a second step for the treatable material, the second step including heating the treatable material in a second furnace separate from the first furnace, at a second temperature higher than the first temperature so as to reduce volume of the treatable material.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 12, 2002Publication date: December 19, 2002Applicant: KABUSHIKI KAISHA MEIDENSHAInventors: Yoshiyuki Kashiwagi, Haruhisa Ishigaki, Nobuyuki Yoshioka
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Publication number: 20020174811Abstract: An energy conversion system which comprises a solid fuel fed combustor system having a first chamber portion with an inlet feed for feeding a metered amount of a solid fuel thereto, a first burner stage having a first traveling conveyor firebelt, a metered amount of air introduced in progressively increasing proportions along the length of the first traveling conveyor. A second burner stage having a second traveling conveyor firebelt with air introduced in a progressively decreasing amount along the length of said second traveling conveyor firebelt and a controller for controlling air introduced to the system. The chamber has a sloped common roof section common to the burner stages and is made of radiative energy reflective fire brick and angled to reflect radiative energy generated from fuel traveling on the traveling conveyor firebelts and directing the radiative energy on fuel traveling on the first firebelt.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 4, 2002Publication date: November 28, 2002Inventor: Stan E. Abrams
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Patent number: 6484651Abstract: The present invention provides a method of operating a solid fuel fired boiler comprising introducing a solid fuel and an iron-bearing material into the boiler. The solid fuel is at least partially combusted in the boiler to produce an ash slag, wherein the ash fusion temperature characteristics (i.e., one or more of the IDT, ST, HT, and FT) of the ash slag are different than the ash fusion temperature characteristics of the ash slag that would result on combustion of the solid fuel alone. The method of the present invention is particularly applicable to slag tap boilers, including cyclone-type boilers. These boilers are, typically, designed to operate with a liquid ash slag.Type: GrantFiled: October 6, 2000Date of Patent: November 26, 2002Assignee: Crown Coal & Coke Co.Inventors: Robert N. Shepard, Jr., Peter L. Rozelle
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Publication number: 20020170474Abstract: A method of decomposing a thermosetting resin by a decomposer comprising the steps of: pre-heating the thermosetting resin up to a pre-heating temperature T0; kneading the pre-heated thermosetting resin together with a decomposer, and concurrently heating a mixture comprising the thermosetting resin and the decomposer up to a kneading temperature T1, thereby allowing a reaction to take place between the decomposer and the thermosetting resin to obtain a kneaded matter wherein the decomposer becomes consumed; and heating the kneaded matter to a maximum temperature T2 to thereby decompose the thermosetting resin; wherein the preheating temperature T0 is not higher than the boiling temperature of the decomposer; the kneading temperature T1 is not lower than the pre-heating temperature T0 but is lower than the thermal decomposition temperature of the thermosetting resin; the maximum temperature T2 is lower than the decomposition temperature of the thermosetting resin; and the pre-heating of the thermosetting resiType: ApplicationFiled: September 28, 2001Publication date: November 21, 2002Applicant: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBAInventors: Yumiko Oyasato, Cao Minhthai, Shioko Saya, Shinetsu Fujieda, Tomiaki Furuya
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Publication number: 20020166484Abstract: This invention discloses the synergistic integration of solid fuel combustion, low NOx control technologies (such as Low NOx Burners, reburning and Advanced Reburning) with partial in-duct gasification of coal or other solid fuels. For partial gasification, the solid fuel can be transported and injected by recycled flue gas stream at 600-800° F. in the reburning zone or in the upper section of the main combustion zone of a boiler. This allows the fuel to be preheated and partially pyrolyzed and gasified in the duct and then injected into the boiler as a mixture of coal, gaseous products, and char. Gasification increases coal reactivity and results in lower carbon-in-ash levels. As an option, the gaseous and solid products can be split using a cyclone separator. Splitting the gasified fuel stream will allow the volatile matter to be used for reburning and the fixed carbon to be injected into the high-temperature main combustion zone.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 11, 2001Publication date: November 14, 2002Inventors: Vladimir Zamansky, Vitali Victor Lissianski, Peter Martin Maly, Yuri Mikhailovloh Mospan
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Patent number: 6463864Abstract: A gasification and melting furnace for wastes has a vertically movable furnace center lance disposed along the axis of the furnace and adapted to blow off a combustion sustaining gas downward into the furnace. One or more stages of upper tuyeres are disposed so that the angle at which the combustion sustaining gas is blown off into the furnace is displaced from the furnace axis direction, and one or more stages of lower tuyeres projected into the furnace so as to blow off a combustion sustaining gas or both combustion sustaining gas and fuel toward the furnace axis. Formation of a low temperature region in the furnace are prevented and a fire spot is concentrated on the combustion of wastes. As a result, molten slag and various metals, as well as an energy gas, which are high in added value, can be recovered stably.Type: GrantFiled: July 25, 2001Date of Patent: October 15, 2002Assignee: Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Takaiku Yamamoto, Hideyuki Yamaoka, Yoshinori Matsukura, Hirotaka Sato, Katsuya Isaka, Akio Mutsuta, Hiroaki Ishida, Hitoshi Matsubara, Tatsuo Nakashima, Takahiro Yano, Noboru Furukawa, Teruo Oowada
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Patent number: 6453830Abstract: Nitrogen oxides, NOx, resulting from the excess air combustion of solid fuels in a combustor or burner in a furnace are reduced. By introducing sufficient additional fuel to the combustion gases in the furnace downstream of the primary combustion zone, a fuel rich gas zone is created in a temperature range that favors the conversion of NOx to nitrogen, N2. Further downstream sufficient additional air is added to complete the combustion of any unburned fuel. Alternatively, the fuel rich gas zone can be confined to a central region of the furnace. In that case, final combustion takes place when the fuel rich gas mixes with the untreated gas further downstream in the furnace. The preferred embodiment of this invention is to introduce the additional fuel in said downstream combustion zone as solid particles dispersed in aqueous droplets of varying size that vaporize throughout the furnace gas zone being treated. The dispersed solid fuel particles burn as they evolve from the droplets.Type: GrantFiled: February 28, 2001Date of Patent: September 24, 2002Inventor: Bert Zauderer
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Publication number: 20020129752Abstract: A method and apparatus for combustion of a solid carbonaceous material in which the solid carbonaceous material is preheated and at least a portion thereof pyrolyzed on a stoker grate disposed in the lower portion of a combustion chamber to produce pyrolysis products. Overfire oxidant is then introduced into the combustion chamber above the stoker grate to ensure complete combustion of combustibles in the products of combustion generated by combustion of the solid carbonaceous material and the pyrolysis products. Preheating and pyrolysis of the solid carbonaceous material is carried out by the introduction of a pyrolysis agent directly into the bed of solid carbonaceous material.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 16, 2001Publication date: September 19, 2002Inventors: Mark J. Khinkis, Iosif K. Rabovitser
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Patent number: 6451094Abstract: A process for removing vapor phase contaminants from a gas stream includes the step of adding a raw carbonaceous starting material into a gas stream having an activation temperature sufficient to convert the raw carbonaceous starting material into an activated material in-situ. The activated material then adsorbs the vapor phase contaminants, and the activation material containing the vapor phase contaminants is removed from the gas stream using a particulate collection device. The process is particularly suited for the removal of vapor phase air toxics, such as mercury, from the flue gas of a combustion process. An apparatus for the removal of vapor phase contaminants from a gas stream is also described.Type: GrantFiled: February 26, 1999Date of Patent: September 17, 2002Assignee: The Board of Trustees of the University of IllinoisInventors: Ramsay Chang, Massoud Rostam-Abadi, Shiaoguo Chen
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Publication number: 20020124780Abstract: A system for drying sludge includes a shaftless spiral feed screw for moving sludge through a drying chamber. An high energy inductor is located at a output of the drying chamber for drawing hot gases through the chamber to dry the sludge as it advances from the input end to the output end of the chamber. The high energy inductor also aspirates the dried sludge from the chamber. The drying system can be used in conjunction with a waste-to-energy furnace for incineration of sludge and municipal waste. In such an arrangement, the dried sludge can be aspirated from the drying chamber directly into a combustion zone of the furnace. Hot gases from the furnace can be used in drying the sludge.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 8, 2002Publication date: September 12, 2002Inventor: Vincent Promuto
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Patent number: 6443077Abstract: The system for producing combustion ash of cellulose-containing wastes, provided with a kneading device 3 for kneading cellulose-containing wastes with a prescribed amount of liquid fuel oil, a molding device 5 for molding said kneaded mixture, and a combustion furnace 7 for burning said moldings, is characterized in that the humidity conditioning furnace 6 for adjusting the water content of said moldings is arranged between said molding device and said combustion furnace. Since the water content of said moldings is adjusted by the humidity conditioning furnace at the time of burning said moldings, the organic substances (cellulose or the like) are burned almost perfectly. Consequently, the present invention has the advantage of being able to produce combustion ash of good quality without generating such combustion residue as graphite and black smoke.Type: GrantFiled: July 11, 2001Date of Patent: September 3, 2002Assignee: Kubota Co., Ltd.Inventors: Makoto Kubota, Tutomu Domoto
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Patent number: 6443078Abstract: Materials containing CH polymer chains are treated by a process comprising triggering combustion of the material in an environment insulated from the outside; removing gaseous combustion products from the environment under a vacuum; feeding combustion-supporting gas in a quantity insufficient to create centers of combustion while maintaining the environment under vacuum to favor a process of molecular decomposition of the material; condensing the gases, and collecting the condensate in a non-pressurized environment.Type: GrantFiled: February 16, 2001Date of Patent: September 3, 2002Assignee: Tesi Ambiente S.r.l.Inventor: Clementino Cabrini
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Publication number: 20020117094Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling or removing mercury, mercury compounds and high molecular weight organics, if present, from a resource recovery exhaust stream by separately adding a carbonaceous char to the flue gas while it is still within the unit. The char can be produced in situ by adding a carbonaceous material and allowing it to thermally decompose.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 28, 2002Publication date: August 29, 2002Inventors: Aaron J. Teller, Jonathan R. Lagarenne
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Patent number: 6439139Abstract: A method of recycling building materials is described, including the steps of introducing the building material into a cement kiln, and combusting a combustible portion of the building material as a fuel within the kiln. The noncombustible portion of the building material is incorporated into a clinker material within the kiln.Type: GrantFiled: November 17, 2000Date of Patent: August 27, 2002Assignee: Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc.Inventor: David R. Jones
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Patent number: 6431095Abstract: The method is applicable to a combustion system of the circulating fluidized bed type which system includes a hearth and a cyclone, and operates using fuel that is inserted into the bottom of the hearth, where a reducing atmosphere is created and where the fuel undergoes pyrolysis with separation into two phases, namely a solid phase made up of grains of coke, and a gaseous phase containing volatile matter. Provision is made for a primary air injection, secondary air injections, and a late air injection to be performed at different levels. The late air injected between the top of the hearth and the inlet of the cyclone is used to increase the efficiency with which the cyclone collects the particles that reach the top of the hearth unburnt, and thus to increase the combustion efficiency of the system. The system includes air injection means making it possible to implement the method.Type: GrantFiled: December 13, 2000Date of Patent: August 13, 2002Assignee: ABB Alstom Power CombustionInventors: François Malaubier, Patrick Duche
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Patent number: 6418864Abstract: An incineration process and an incinerator using heat generated from combustion to bake and sublimate waste to produce gas as for burning waste is designed to use heat generated from the gas as burning chamber in the baking process and to allow waste to emit inflammable gas to be used as fuel in the gas burning chamber without using any other kind of fuel. The baked waste will be burned until it becomes charcoal in the burning chamber while its ash will be continuously removed and more waste continuously fed into the burning chamber. With this process, high temperature, low pollution, and budget savings will result.Type: GrantFiled: November 3, 2000Date of Patent: July 16, 2002Inventors: Manop Piyasil, Somjit Piyasil
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Publication number: 20020078868Abstract: With the system of the present invention, high sulfur content coal—a mixture of coal, sulfur compounds and ash (e.g., stone and slate)—is crushed, and a proportion of the higher density sulfur compounds and ash are separated from the lower density coal. The result of the separation process, the continuous supply of the separated coal mixture, is then continuously monitored for sulfur content. The system uses electronic controls to vary the proportion of sulfur compounds and ash which are separated out and removed from the coal mixture so as to maximize the economics of reducing the sulfur content, and of generating power. A centrifugal separator is used for continuously separating the relatively dense high sulfur content coal and ash from the coal mixture. This separator preferably has a substantially rotationally symmetric drum element which rotates about a horizontal central axis.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 14, 2002Publication date: June 27, 2002Inventors: H. Thomas McHenry, Alan N. Alpern
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Patent number: 6405663Abstract: A method of waste water treatment including mixing waste material with a binder, pelletizing the mixture and kiln incineration of the pellets to ceramify same, with processing of flue gases. In an embodiment, the pH of the mixture is maintained alkaline. In an embodiment, the pelletized mixture is coated with ball clay to 10-20% by weight, and then with china clay, prior to firing. The high temperature flue gases and entrained heavy metal or dust exhausting the kiln are directed through a multistage scrubbing system. In an embodiment, volatiles are adsorbed prior to the gas passing through an alkali wet scrubber to remove chlorine compounds and heavy metals, and sulphur compounds. The sludge from the acid scrubber is neutralized and further treated to remove mercury.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 1999Date of Patent: June 18, 2002Assignee: Plas, Ltd.Inventor: Ian Jones
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Patent number: 6405664Abstract: A process is provided for NOx, removal at coal burning power plants, which includes introducing ammonia that is liberated upon drying a mixture of organic waste, coal combustion by-products, and optionally lime, having a pH of at least 9.5, to a coal burner in the power plant. A process is also provided for fueling a coal burner of a power plant with coal and a dried mixture of organic waste and coal combustion by-products. The present invention is further directed to the dried mixture of organic waste and coal combustion by-products made by the processes of the present invention, which may optionally be used as a soil additive or as a supplemental fuel.Type: GrantFiled: April 23, 2001Date of Patent: June 18, 2002Assignee: N-Viro International CorporationInventors: Terry J. Logan, James D. O'Neil, Ervin Louis Faulmann, Timothy Joseph Nicholson
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Patent number: 6401634Abstract: The present invention provides a method for chemically treating combustible materials prior to combustion. Specifically the present invention is directed to a method for treating a combustible material like a coal briquette with a sodium silicate coating to provide a fuel source with greatly reduced pollutant emissions.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 2000Date of Patent: June 11, 2002Assignee: Envivotek Industries, LLCInventor: Timothy J. Anderson
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Patent number: 6401635Abstract: Process for recycling of liquid carton waste material or other similar waste material having fibrous, metal and plastics materials. The process includes introducing the waste material and a slushing liquid into a slushing apparatus and slushing of the waste material to thereby form defibrated fibrous material therein. The treated waste material is then separated into (i) a fiber suspension which includes the defibrated fibrous material, and (ii) a reject portion which includes the metal and plastics materials. The obtained fiber suspension is cleaned and the fibrous material therein is reclaimed for further use. The reject portion is introduced into a fluidized bed gasifier so as to gasify the plastics therein to produce a hydrocarbon product gas, which is thereafter separated from the metal material.Type: GrantFiled: April 5, 2001Date of Patent: June 11, 2002Assignee: Corenso United Oy Ltd.Inventors: Jorma Nieminen, Juha Palonen, Markku Itäpelto, Pekka Harkki, Lauri Mäkipaja
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Publication number: 20020066394Abstract: The present invention is directed to additives for coal-fired furnaces, particularly furnaces using a layer of slag to capture coal particles for combustion. The additive(s) include iron, mineralizer(s), handling aid(s), flow aid(s), and/or abrasive material(s). The iron and mineralizers can lower the melting temperature of ash in low-iron, high alkali coals, leading to improved furnace performance.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 26, 2001Publication date: June 6, 2002Inventors: Stephen Allen Johnson, John Wurster, John Philip Comer
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Patent number: 6399851Abstract: An apparatus for thermally separating mercury and organic contaminants from inert substrate materials (such as soil, sludges, sediments, drilling muds and cuttings), comprising an essentially air-tight processing chamber having a substrate inlet and a substrate outlet, said chamber having two or more troughs for processing of the substrate, a means for indirectly heating the chamber, a means for moving substrate through the two or more throughs of the chamber from the substrate inlet to the substrate outlet, and a vapour condensate handling system for removing and condensing vapours from the chamber for processing to remove and recover contaminants.Type: GrantFiled: May 11, 1999Date of Patent: June 4, 2002Inventor: Herbert Siddle
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Patent number: 6397766Abstract: There are provided an evaporative/regenerative incineration system for organic waste water for incinerating organic waste water and volatile organic compounds completely at low expenses and a method therefor. Waste gas is generated by evaporating waste water including organic compounds in an evaporator and the generated waste gas is mixed with air in a regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) in flow communication with the evaporator for oxidation. The heat energy generated from the oxidation is collected and supplied to the evaporator.Type: GrantFiled: February 21, 2001Date of Patent: June 4, 2002Assignee: Key Engineering Co., Ltd.Inventor: Suk-in Oh
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Patent number: 6382112Abstract: The chute is provided with a cutting apparatus which has a mating holder, a clamping slide and a cutting slide. To close the chute, the mating holder is moved inward approximately into the center of the chute and is locked. Then, the clamping slide is moved toward the mating holder, until ultimately they come into contact with one another and the chute is closed. If there is refuse between the mating holder and the clamping slide, and consequently the latter cannot reach its closed position, the cutting slide is activated, which cuts through the refuse clamped between the mating holder and clamping slide and bridges the gap between the mating holder and the clamping slide so as to form a seal.Type: GrantFiled: August 28, 2000Date of Patent: May 7, 2002Assignee: Von Roll Umwelttechnik AGInventors: Stefan Forsberg, Jörg Meier