Abstract: A nanoengineered structure comprising an array of more than about 1000 nanowhiskers on a substrate in a predetermined spatial configuration, for use for example as a photonic band gap array, wherein each nanowhisker is sited within a distance from a predetermined site not greater than about 20% of its distance from its nearest neighbour. To produce the array, an array of masses of a catalytic material are positioned on the surface, heat is applied and materials in gaseous form are introduced such as to create a catalytic seed particle from each mass, and to grow, from the catalytic seed particle, epitaxially, a nanowhisker of a predetermined material, and wherein each mass upon melting, retains approximately the same interface with the substrate surface such that forces causing the mass to migrate across said surface are less than a holding force across a wetted interface on the substrate surface.

Abstract: A nickel composite hydroxide represented by Ni1-x-y-zCoxMnyMz(OH)2+A (where 0?x?0.35, 0?y?0.35, 0?z?0.1, 0<x+y, 0<x+y+z?0.7, 0?A?0.5, with M being at least one of V, Mg, Al, Ti, Mo, Nb, Zr and W), a plate-shaped crystal core is generated by allowing a crystal core generating aqueous solution containing cobalt and/or manganese to have a pH value of 7.5 to 11.1 at a standard liquid temperature of 25° C., and slurry for the particle growth containing the plate-shaped crystal core is adjusted to a pH value of 10.5 to 12.5 at a standard liquid temperature of 25° C., while a mixed aqueous solution containing a metal compound containing at least nickel is being supplied thereto, so that the crystal core is grown as particles.

Abstract: A thermoelectric material including a 3-dimensional nanostructure, wherein the 3-dimensional nanostructure includes a 2-dimensional nanostructure connected to a 1-dimensional nanostructure.

Abstract: A method for charging with liquefied ammonia comprising sequentially a feeding step of feeding gaseous ammonia in a condenser, a liquefaction step of converting the gaseous ammonia into a liquefied ammonia in the condenser, and a charging step of feeding the liquefied ammonia formed in the condenser to a vessel to thereby charge the vessel with the liquefied ammonia wherein a cooling step of feeding the liquefied ammonia formed in the condenser to the vessel and cooling the vessel by the latent heat of vaporization of the liquefied ammonia and a circulation step of feeding the gaseous ammonia formed through vaporization of the liquefied ammonia in the previous cooling step to the condenser are carried out between the liquefaction step and the charging step.

Abstract: A mixed organic crystal according to one embodiment includes a single mixed crystal having two compounds with different bandgap energies, the organic crystal having a physical property of exhibiting a signal response signature for neutrons from a radioactive source, wherein the signal response signature does not include a significantly-delayed luminescence characteristic of neutrons interacting with the organic crystal relative to a luminescence characteristic of gamma rays interacting with the organic crystal. According to one embodiment, an organic crystal includes bibenzyl and stilbene or a stilbene derivative, the organic crystal having a physical property of exhibiting a signal response signature for neutrons from a radioactive source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microfluidic devices and methods facilitating the growth and analysis of crystallized materials such as proteins. In accordance with one embodiment, a crystal growth architecture is separated by a permeable membrane from an adjacent well having a much larger volume. The well may be configured to contain a fluid having an identity and concentration similar to the solvent and crystallizing agent employed in crystal growth, with diffusion across the membrane stabilizing that process. Alternatively, the well may be configured to contain a fluid having an identity calculated to affect the crystallization process. In accordance with the still other embodiment, the well may be configured to contain a material such as a cryo-protectant, which is useful in protecting the crystalline material once formed.

Abstract: A static fluid and a second fluid are placed into contact along a microfluidic free interface and allowed to mix by diffusion without convective flow across the interface. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the fluids are static and initially positioned on either side of a closed valve structure in a microfluidic channel having a width that is tightly constrained in at least one dimension. The valve is then opened, and no-slip layers at the sides of the microfluidic channel suppress convective mixing between the two fluids along the resulting interface. Applications for microfluidic free interfaces in accordance with embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, protein crystallization studies, protein solubility studies, determination of properties of fluidics systems, and a variety of biological assays such as diffusive immunoassays, substrate turnover assays, and competitive binding assays.

Abstract: A method for the evaporative production of phenol-BPA adduct crystals in a crystallizer is provided. First, a supersaturated BPA solution is introduced into a crystallizer that includes a cylindrical vessel and a concentrically-disposed draft tube that defines an annular space between the vessel and tube. Next, the BPA solution is circulated through the draft tube and annular space while a coolant is uniformly distributed in the circulating flow by radially injecting a volatile hydrocarbon compound at between about 30% and 60% of a radial extent of the annular space of to form a BPA mixture. Phenol-BPA adduct crystals are produced in the vessel by evaporating the volatile hydrocarbon compound out of the BPA mixture. The method provides a consistent and uniform concentration of coolant across the surface of the boiling zone that prevents or at least reduces unwanted crystal nucleation.

Abstract: Truncated ditetragonal gold prisms (Au TDPs) are synthesized by adding a dilute solution of gold seeds to a growth solution, and allowing the growth to proceed to completion. The Au TDPs exhibit the face-centered cubic crystal structure and are bounded by 12 high-index {310} facets. The Au TDPs may be used as heterogeneous catalysts as prepared, or may be used as substrates for subsequent deposition of an atomically thin layer of a platinum group metal catalyst. When the Au TDPs are used as substrates, the atomically thin layer of metal reproduces the high-index facets of the Au TDPs.

Abstract: The use of microfluidic structures enables high throughput screening of protein crystallization. In one embodiment, an integrated combinatoric mixing chip allows for precise metering of reagents to rapidly create a large number of potential crystallization conditions, with possible crystal formations observed on chip. In an alternative embodiment, the microfluidic structures may be utilized to explore phase space conditions of a particular protein crystallizing agent combination, thereby identifying promising conditions and allowing for subsequent focused attempts to obtain crystal growth.

Abstract: Provided is a fullerene thin wires-attached substrate in which fullerene thin wires are vertically aligned relative to the surface of the substrate and which is applicable to catalysts, column materials, chemical synthesis templates, field emission devices, field effect transistors, photonic crystals, etc.

Abstract: A method of treating a diamond, the method comprising: (i) providing a liquid metal saturated with carbon with respect to graphite precipitation; (ii) lowering the temperature of the liquid metal such that the liquid metal is saturated with carbon with respect to diamond precipitation; (iii) immersing a diamond in the liquid metal; and (iv) removing the diamond from the metal.

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparation of a compound containing a group 6A element which includes reaction of at least one compound selected from a group consisting of group IB element containing compounds and group 3 A element containing compounds with a group 6A element containing compound carried out using a reductant in a desirable solvent to produce a compound containing group 1B-6A elements, a compound containing group 3 A-6A elements and/or a compound containing group 1B-3A-6A elements.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a method for producing a colloidal crystal, wherein the method is easily controlled and is capable of dealing with a wide range of types of colloidal particle. [Solution] The method for producing a colloidal crystal in the present invention is characterized by comprising a preparation step of preparing a colloidal dispersion liquid, in which colloidal particles are dispersed in a liquid comprising an ionic surfactant and a colloidal crystal can be formed due to temperature changes, and a crystallization step of formation of a colloidal crystal by changing the temperature of the colloidal dispersion liquid from a temperature region in which the colloidal crystal is not formed to a temperature region in which the colloidal crystal is formed.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of producing a segmented 1D nanostructure. The method includes providing a vessel containing a template wherein on one side of the template is a first metal reagent solution and on the other side of the template is a reducing agent solution, wherein the template comprises at least one pore; allowing a first segment of a 1D nanostructure to grow within a pore of the template until a desired length is reached; replacing the first metal reagent solution with a second metal reagent solution; allowing a second segment of a 1D nanostructure to grow from the first segment until a desired length is reached, wherein a segmented 1D nanostructure is produced.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide hexagonal prism-shaped zinc oxide particles which have a specific particle diameter and a specific aspect ratio, and high ultraviolet blocking performance and transparency, and therefore can be suitably used as a cosmetic and a heat releasing material. Provided are hexagonal prism-shaped zinc oxide particles having a primary particle diameter of 0.1 ?m or more and less than 0.5 ?m and an aspect ratio of less than 2.5.

Abstract: Preparation of semiconductor nanocrystals and their dispersions in solvents and other media is described. The nanocrystals described herein have small (1-10 nm) particle size with minimal aggregation and can be synthesized with high yield. The capping agents on the as-synthesized nanocrystals as well as nanocrystals which have undergone cap exchange reactions result in the formation of stable suspensions in polar and nonpolar solvents which may then result in the formation of high quality nanocomposite films.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a calcite single crystal which is appropriately fine in a large scale with no difficulty. The method for producing a calcite single crystal according to the present invention is characterized in comprising the steps of mixing raw material calcium carbonate with an ammonium nitrate aqueous solution to obtain a raw material mixed liquid, wherein pH of the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution is not less than 7.0 and not more than 8.0, a concentration of the ammonium nitrate aqueous solution is not less than 2 M, and a concentration of calcium carbonate in the raw material mixed liquid is not less than 4 g/L and not more than 16 g/L; heating the raw material mixed liquid at not less than 125° C.; and then gradually cooling the raw material mixed liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for preparing trimanganese tetroxide with low BET specific surface area and methods for controlling particle size of trimanganese tetroxide and trimanganese tetroxide product.

Abstract: To provide nickel composite hydroxide particles having a small and uniform particle diameter and a method for producing the same. The method for producing the nickel composite hydroxide particles includes: a nucleation step of producing nuclei including primary particles by controlling a pH of an aqueous solution for nucleation to 11.5 to 13.2 at a liquid temperature of 25° C., the aqueous solution for nucleation containing a metal compound having an atomic ratio of metals corresponding to an atomic ratio of metals in the nickel composite hydroxide particles and substantially not containing a metal complex ion-forming agent; and a particle growth step of forming, on an outer surface of each of the nuclei, an outer shell portion including platy primary particles larger than primary particles of the nuclei by controlling a pH of an aqueous solution for particle growth containing the nuclei obtained in the nucleation step to 9.5 to 11.0 at a liquid temperature of 25° C.

Abstract: Method for crystal growth from a surfactant of a metal-nonmetal (MN) compound, including the procedures of providing a seed crystal, introducing atoms of a first metal to the seed crystal thus forming a thin liquid metal wetting layer on a surface of the seed crystal, setting a temperature of the seed crystal below a minimal temperature required for dissolving MN molecules in the wetting layer and above a melting point of the first metal, each one of the MN molecules being formed from an atom of a second metal and an atom of a first nonmetal, introducing the MN molecules which form an MN surfactant monolayer, thereby facilitating a formation of the wetting layer between the MN surfactant monolayer and the surface of the seed crystal, and regulating a thickness of the wetting layer, thereby growing an epitaxial layer of the MN compound on the seed crystal.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a single crystal body of a group III nitride, comprising the steps of forming a molten flux of a volatile metal in a reaction vessel and causing a growth of a GaN single crystal from the molten flux, wherein the growth is continued while replenishing a compound containing N from a source outside the reaction vessel, and wherein a seed crystal is disposed in the reaction vessel.

Abstract: Monodisperse particles having: a single pure crystalline phase of a rare earth-containing lattice, a uniform three-dimensional size, and a uniform polyhedral morphology are disclosed. Due to their uniform size and shape, the monodisperse particles self assemble into superlattices. The particles may be luminescent particles such as down-converting phosphor particles and up-converting phosphors. The monodisperse particles of the invention have a rare earth-containing lattice which in one embodiment may be an yttrium-containing lattice or in another may be a lanthanide-containing lattice. The monodisperse particles may have different optical properties based on their composition, their size, and/or their morphology (or shape).

Abstract: A method for producing a high-quality group-III element nitride crystal at a high crystal growth rate, and a group-III element nitride crystal are provided. The method includes the steps of placing a group-III element, an alkali metal, and a seed crystal of group-III element nitride in a crystal growth vessel, pressurizing and heating the crystal growth vessel in an atmosphere of nitrogen-containing gas, and causing the group-III element and nitrogen to react with each other in a melt of the group-III element, the alkali metal and the nitrogen so that a group-III element nitride crystal is grown using the seed crystal as a nucleus. A hydrocarbon having a boiling point higher than the melting point of the alkali metal is added before the pressurization and heating of the crystal growth vessel.

Abstract: Boron-containing compounds, gasses and fluids are used during ammonothermal growth of group-Ill nitride crystals. Boron-containing compounds are used as impurity getters during the ammonothermal growth of group-Ill nitride crystals. In addition, a boron-containing gas and/or supercritical fluid is used for enhanced solubility of group-Ill nitride into said fluid.

Abstract: A biotemplated nanomaterial can include a crystalline perovskite.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanocrystals. In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes (1) injecting a precursor mixture of a zinc precursor, an aluminum precursor, an amine, and a fatty acid in a solution of a vicinal diol in a non-coordinating solvent, thereby resulting in a reaction mixture, (2) precipitating the nanocrystals from the reaction mixture, thereby resulting in a final precipitate, and (3) dissolving the final precipitate in an apolar solvent. The present invention also provides a dispersion. In an exemplary embodiment, the dispersion includes (1) nanocrystals that are well separated from each other, where the nanocrystals are coated with surfactants and (2) an apolar solvent where the nanocrystals are suspended in the apolar solvent. The present invention also provides a film. In an exemplary embodiment, the film includes (1) a substrate and (2) nanocrystals that are evenly distributed on the substrate.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention relates to an inorganic nanoparticle or nanocrystal, also referred to as a quantum dot, capable of emitting white light. In a further aspect, the invention relates to an inorganic nanoparticle capable of absorbing energy from a first electromagnetic region and capable of emitting light in a second electromagnetic region, wherein the second electromagnetic region comprises an at least about 50 nm wide band of wavelengths and to methods for the preparation thereof. In further aspects, the invention relates to a frequency converter, a light emitting diode device, a modified fluorescent light source, an electroluminescent device, and an energy cascade system comprising the nanoparticle of the invention. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Abstract: Preparation of semiconductor nanocrystals and their dispersions in solvents and other media is described. The nanocrystals described herein have small (1-10 nm) particle size with minimal aggregation and can be synthesized with high yield. The capping agents on the as-synthesized nanocrystals as well as nanocrystals which have undergone cap exchange reactions result in the formation of stable suspensions in polar and nonpolar solvents which may then result in the formation of high quality nanocomposite films.

Abstract: Disclosed is: a single crystalline silicon carbide nanofiber having improved thermal and mechanical stability as well as a large specific surface area which is applicable to a system for purifying exhaust gas, silicon carbide fiber filter, diesel particulate filter having a high temperature stability and may be used in the form of nanostructures such as nanorods and nanoparticles.

Abstract: Preparation of semiconductor nanocrystals and their dispersions in solvents and other media is described. The nanocrystals described herein have small (1-10 nm) particle size with minimal aggregation and can be synthesized with high yield. The capping agents on the as-synthesized nanocrystals as well as nanocrystals which have undergone cap exchange reactions result in the formation of stable suspensions in polar and nonpolar solvents which may then result in the formation of high quality nanocomposite films.

Abstract: A manganese oxide particle having a hexagonal crystal structure or an analogous hexagonal crystal structure with an a-axis length of 8.73±1 ? and a c-axis length of 14.86±1 ?. The manganese oxide particle is preferably produced by a process including mixing an aqueous solution containing manganese (II) and an organic compound having a hydroxyl group while in a heated state with an alkali.

Abstract: A device for crystallising a molecule to be crystallised, which includes: at least one crystallisation cell that includes a crystallisation chamber for receiving a first solution S1 containing the molecule to be crystallised and the crystal seeds thereof, a dialysis membrane, and a container to be filled with a second solution S2 that contains constituents selected from the group containing crystallisation agents, additives and buffers; and at least one image acquisition means. The crystallisation device is characterized in that it includes: at least one addition means arranged to add, to the container, constituents selected from the group containing crystallisation agents, additives and buffers of solution S2; and/or at least one sampling means arranged to collect, from the container, all or a portion of solution S2. The invention also relates to a crystallisation method.

Abstract: A raw material mixture containing an easily oxidizable material is weighed. The raw material mixture is melted and then solidified within a reaction vessel 1 set in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to thereby produce a solidified matter 19. The reaction vessel 1 and the solidified matter 19 are heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere within a crystal growth apparatus to melt the solidified matter to thereby produce a solution. A single crystal is grown from the solution.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing colloidal semiconductor-metal hybrid heterostructures is disclosed. The method includes dissolving semiconductor nanorods in a solvent to form a nanorod solution, and adding a precursor solution to the nanorod solution. The precursor solution contains a metal. The method further includes illuminating the combined precursor and nanorod solutions with light of a specific wavelength. The illumination causes the deposition of the metal in the precursor solution onto the surface of the semiconductor nanorods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for preparing the crystalline from A of febuxostat by crystallization in a solvent selected from ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate or ethyl formiate.

Abstract: A method for producing a single-crystal thin film includes, for example, applying a chemical solution containing raw materials for a single-crystal thin film composed of (BaxSryCaz)TiO3 (wherein x+y+z=1.0) by spin coating on a thin film composed of BaZrO3 formed on a MgO(100) surface of a MgO(100) substrate and subjecting the applied chemical solution to heat treatment at a temperature at which orientation occurs, thereby epitaxially growing a single-crystal thin film composed of (BaxSryCaz)TiO3.

Abstract: This disclosure pertains to a process for making single crystal Group III nitride, particularly gallium nitride, at low pressure and temperature, in the region of the phase diagram of Group III nitride where Group III nitride is thermodynamically stable comprises a charge in the reaction vessel of (a) Group III nitride material as a source, (b) a barrier of solvent interposed between said source of Group III nitride and the deposition site, the solvent being prepared from the lithium nitride (Li3N) combined with barium fluoride (BaF2), or lithium nitride combined with barium fluoride and lithium fluoride (LiF) composition, heating the solvent to render it molten, dissolution of the source of GaN material in the molten solvent and following precipitation of GaN single crystals either self seeded or on the seed, maintaining conditions and then precipitating out.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method and an apparatus for making nanomaterials. In particular, the present innovation provides an apparatus that can be used to produce nanocrystals and/or nanorods of noble metals. The disclosure also provides methods that can be advantageously used to produce gold nanocrystals/nanorods with aspect ratios higher than 4.0.

Abstract: A high pressure apparatus and related methods for processing supercritical fluids is described. The apparatus includes a capsule, a heater, at least one ceramic ring with one or more scribe marks and/or cracks present. The apparatus optionally has a metal sleeve containing each ceramic ring. The apparatus also has a high-strength enclosure, end flanges with associated insulation, and a power control system. The apparatus is capable of accessing pressures and temperatures of 0.2-2 GPa and 400-1200° C., respectively.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to produce a non-conventional high-quality BNA single crystal. Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing the above-described high-quality BNA single crystal. Specifically, the present invention provides a BNA crystal characterized by having a half-value width of diffraction peak X-ray intensity of 100 seconds or less in a rocking curve measurement by X-ray diffraction method.

Abstract: A crystallizer for the evaporative production of phenol-BPA adduct crystals is provided that achieves more uniform crystal growth while suppressing undesired crystal nucleation. The crystallizer includes a cylindrical vessel; a draft tube concentrically disposed within the cylindrical vessel such that an annular space is defined between the vessel and tube; an impeller that circulates liquid in the vessel through the draft tube and the annular space, and a plurality of nozzles mounted around an inner wall of said cylindrical vessel that introduce an evaporative coolant into the vessel. Each of the nozzles includes a discharge end disposed between about 30% and 60% of a radial extent of the annular space, and is located below an upper end of the draft tube a distance of between about 50% to 150% of the diameter of the vessel. Such a nozzle arrangement provides a consistent and uniform concentration of coolant across the surface of the boiling zone that prevents or at least reduces unwanted crystal nucleation.

Abstract: An apparatus and associated method for large-scale manufacturing of gallium nitride. The apparatus comprises a large diameter autoclave or internally-heated high pressure vessel, a seed rack, and a raw material basket. Methods include effective means for utilization of seed crystals. The apparatus and methods are scalable up to very large volumes and are cost effective.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing cocrystals, including processes for scaling up of cocrystal formation, as well as scalable processes for preparing cocrystals. Also disclosed are processes for scaled-up preparation of pterostilbene, progesterone, p-coumaric, and minoxidil cocrystals. Minoxidil cocrystals, such as minoxidil:benzoic acid 1:1 monohydrate cocrystals are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Bulk mono-crystalline gallium-containing nitride, grown on the seed at least in the direction essentially perpendicular to the direction of the seed growth, essentially without propagation of crystalline defects as present in the seed, having the dislocation density not exceeding 104/cm2 and considerably lower compared to the dislocation density of the seed, and having a large curvature radius of the crystalline lattice, preferably longer than 15 m, more preferably longer than 30 m, and most preferably of about 70 m, considerably longer than the curvature radius of the crystalline lattice of the seed.

Abstract: High throughput screening of crystallization of a target material is accomplished by simultaneously introducing a solution of the target material into a plurality of chambers of a microfabricated fluidic device. The microfabricated fluidic device is then manipulated to vary the solution condition in the chambers, thereby simultaneously providing a large number of crystallization environments. Control over changed solution conditions may result from a variety of techniques, including but not limited to metering volumes of crystallizing agent into the chamber by volume exclusion, by entrapment of volumes of crystallizing agent determined by the dimensions of the microfabricated structure, or by cross-channel injection of sample and crystallizing agent into an array of junctions defined by intersecting orthogonal flow channels.

Abstract: Provided is a novel crystal of oxidized glutathione hexahydrate. Crystal of oxidized glutathione hexahydrate is produced by cooling an aqueous solution containing oxidized glutathione to 15° C. or lower to precipitate a crystal of oxidized glutathione hexahydrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing silicon germanium alloy nanocrystals by the simultaneous thermal disproportionation of a siliceous material and GeX2 in a conventional tube furnace. Also included is a method of preparing free standing silicon germanium nanocrystals by the acid etching product of the product of the thermal disproportionation of a siliceous material and GeX2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to colloidal photonic crystals using colloidal nanoparticles and a method for the preparation thereof, wherein by adding a viscoelastic material into a solution containing the colloidal nanoparticles when preparing the colloidal photonic crystals, a uniform volume contraction occurs due to the elasticity of the viscoelastic material even when a nonuniform volume contraction occurs while drying a dispersion medium in the colloidal solution. Thus, it is possible to prepare 2 or 3 dimensional colloidal photonic crystals of large scale with no defects in less time.

Abstract: A process for producing colloidal crystals immobilized with a polymer, comprising the steps of: preparing a monomer-dispersion in which colloidal crystals having a three-dimensionally ordered array state are formed by adding, to a monomer-containing liquid containing at least one kind of monomers, colloidal particles having an average particle size in a range from 0.01 ?m to 10 ?m and a degree of monodispersity expressed by a following equation (1) of 20% or below, [Degree of monodispersity (unit: %)]=([Standard deviation of particle size]/[Average particle size])×100??(1) and then by dispersing the colloidal particles so as to arrange the colloidal particles in a three-dimensionally ordered array state at which a reflection spectrum thereof exhibits a reflection peak; and obtaining the colloidal crystals immobilized with a polymer by polymerizing the monomers in the monomer-dispersion.