Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling metal wire or strip being drawn vertically from a hot dip bath and between a pair of refractory wiping pads. The wire or strip passing between the wiping pads directly into a chamber containing a cooling liquid which is supported above and at least in part by the wiping pads. The chamber having inlet and outlet means for the cooling liquid and a removable wall to allow more rapid draining of the chamber and access to the inside of the chamber for changing the wiping pads and/or re-threading the wire.

Abstract: In a continuous galvanizing line, oscillation of a steel strip withdrawn from a molten zinc metal bath is prevented by anti-vibration magnets disposed in the vicinity of the respective side edges of the steel strip. The magnets cause tension in the strip in a direction of strip width and amplitude of the oscillation of the strip perpendicular to the strip surfaces is reduced. Also, by magnetic force of the magnet, bending of the running strip is cured and uniform coating is obtained. A gap between the magnet and the strip side edge is automatically controlled by detecting the gap continuously.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for the wet treatment of a continuous length of textile material, containing a plurality of chambers through which the length of material flows in succession, in which a fluid connecting channel through which the length of material passes in counterflow to the treatment solution is provided in the region between adjacent chambers. This results in a significant improvement in the exchange of material between the solution and the length of material.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for coating metallic sheets which involves controlling the surface characteristics of the molten coating material in the area that the metal sheet enters and leaves so that the effect of contaminants on the coating operation will be minimized. The invention also pertains to an apparatus for carrying out this method.

Abstract: A device which wets in a sanitizing solution and dispenses disposable paper towels. A continuous roll of dry paper towels is inserted into a canister within a larger container. The canister has an opening through which towels exit the canister into the interior of the larger container. External to the canister, but internal to the larger container, are broad, flat belts which engage the towels as they exit the canister and carry the towels through a sanitizing solution to an opening in the larger container. The belts are geared to and driven by a lever external to the larger container. When the lever is pulled, a sanitizing towel is dispensed from the larger container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous coating process by a layer of Zn, Al or of a Zn-Al alloy for a cold laminated steel band comprising a heating thermic cycle, followed by a rapid cooling, a tempered coating in the metal bath of coating in fusion, at a temperature from 460.degree. to 500.degree. C., and a subsequent cooling, characterized in that after the tempered coating, the coated steel band is subjected to an over-ageing treatment by maintaining the band at a temperature comprised between 430.degree. and 270.degree. C. during at least two minutes.This process is carried out in an installation comprising an over-ageing chamber.

Abstract: It comprises a receptacle containing a bath of molten silicon, the bottom of the receptacle includes a slot (7) through which there passes a tape (9) which is drawn vertically through the bath. The vertical wall of the slot (7) is downwardly flared, the horizontal section of the slot (7) includes a rectangular area (25) whose length is equal to the width of the tape (9) and two circular areas (28, 29) disposed at the two ends of the rectangular area (25), the diameter (32) of the circular areas (28, 29) being greater than the width of the rectangular area (25).Application to making solar photocells from silicon.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying a foamed medium to a running workpiece has a tubular housing which is disposed in the interior of a rotary screen and forms part of a slotted squeegee whose outlet allows the foamed medium to flow from the interior of the housing against the internal surface of the screen. The outlet contains one or more deflectors in the form of shoulders, bars, rods or other types of obstacles which prevent the medium from flowing along a straight path from the opening or openings of the housing directly against the internal surface of the screen. This reduces the likelihood of non-uniform application of the medium to the workpiece.

Abstract: A process and an installation for the continuous application of an oxidizable coating to a strip.The object of the invention is to provide an improvement in the recycle ratios and a savings of inert replenishing gas in an installation, in the enclosure which protects the draining means for controlling the coating, is recycled. To achieve this result, provision is made for the continuous purification of this gas by bringing it into contact with a reductive substance. If protective enclosure also contains the minimized flouring nozzles, zinc vapor can be introduced into the gas. This zinc vapor reacts with the oxygen and produces the nuclei by condensation.

Abstract: In an apparatus for the continuous washing of a length of textile material, the textile material runs over several guide rolls, at least one of which is arranged below the liquid level in the washing vessel. In order to be able to skip a washing device, in a continuous plant, so that the length of material does not enter the liquid and causes contamination therein, for example, the invention provides to mount the guide element to be movable out of the vessel. Therefore, the length of material still passes around all of the guide rolls of the washing device, but in this case outside of the liquid charged into the vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a treating solution to a cloth during the continuous treatment thereof, comprising: a cloth guide drum for transporting and guiding a cloth to be treated; a movable treating solution tank provided in close proximity to the circumference of the lower half of the cloth guide drum thus forming a cloth passage of a narrow width therebetween; a cylinder for raising and lowering of the movable treating solution tank; a treating solution supply pipe for supplying a treating solution continuously to the cloth passage; and wash-water jet nozzles for propelling wash water to the inner surface of the movable treating solution tank, the surface of the cloth guide drum, etc.; and its modifications. The operation of exchanging the treating solutions during the continuous treatment of a cloth can be done in a rapid and effective manner with a minimum loss of the treating solution.

Abstract: A galvanizing furnace comprises a plurality of burners arrayed parallel to the surface of sheet iron to be galvanized and having burner nozzles directed upwards so that flame exiting the burner nozzles forms a screen-like wall of flame opposite and parallel to the sheet iron as the sheet iron passes through the alloying furnace. Preferably, the burners are separated into a plurality of blocks which can be controlled independently.

Abstract: A method of lining a pipeline or passageway with a flexible tubular liner. The liner is caused to evert in the pipeline by a fluid under pressure, and a former is used to smooth out the everting face of the liner and evenly apply resin over the everting face.

Abstract: A process and device for producing a flexible layered article suitable for use in water proof garments wherein one of said layers is a microporous membrane material produced from the "solvent non-solvent" method wherein a fabric backing coated with the membrane material dissolved in a solvent is contacted with a drum having gripping means offering substantial resistance to the natural tendency of the coated fabric to curl when immersed in a non-solvent for the polymer material.

Abstract: A pressure saturator for impregnating a substrate with a saturant is disclosed, having a block member with an arcuate, sloping upper surface that is graduated from a relatively deep portion to a relatively shallow portion. Rollers are disposed on each side of the block member for conveying the substrate into and out of the saturator, and a mandrel is disposed between the rollers for guiding the substrate through the saturator. The lower portion of the mandrel is spaced from the block member and extends into the recess formed by the arcuate surface to define a chamber therebetween. The chamber has an inlet and an outlet for admitting the substrate and the saturant, and converges in depth from the inlet region to the outlet region to pressurize the solution and force the saturant into the interstices of the substrate.

Abstract: Foam applicators having specific lip configurations and substrate orientation, used for applying foamed treating compositions to substrates, including rapidly moving paper, provide uniform distribution of treating agent onto the substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing a liquid smoke impregnated casing comprising an unwind shaft adapted to have a roll of casing, a tension dancer roll to control the tension on the casing, an unwind roll brake co-acting with the unwind shaft and controlled by a dancer roll-operated regulator, edge guiding means to align the casing to a liquid smoke contacting means, a rewind shaft mounted with a roll core for rewinding the casing, side plates on the rewind shaft to align successive layers of the casing, means to spin the rewound roll of casing, and a rider squeeze roll for contacting the casing during the spinning of the casing.

Abstract: Steel strip is run towards container containing liquid zinc, and is either deflected before reaching the surface or from an immersed position, by a second deflection roll; in the first case, a scooping roll flushes liquidous zinc against the strip. The strip is either run through a protective gas containing cooling path or through the outer atmosphere.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing an elastomer coated bias fabric for reinforcing power transmission belts and the like is disclosed wherein one face of the fabric is provided with an uncured, tacky, carboxylated elastomeric composition. In one embodiment, the fabric is prepared by pre-impregnating the fabric with a neoprene latex composition followed by coating the neoprene composition on both faces of the fabric while the fabric is transversely stretched, and after drying the fabric, overcoating one face only of the coated fabric with a tackified, carboxylated neoprene latex composition.

Abstract: A hot knife coater comprises a pair of thicknesser blades defining between them a thicknesser gap through which a web to be coated passes. Each blade is connected to a downwardly depending mid-portion of a blade support by means of a number of longitudinally spaced blade holders. This minimizes bowing of the blade supports as a result of heat conducted to the blade supports from the respective blades. The blade holders connecting one of the blades to the respective blade support are adjustable so as to permit local adjustment, in the region of each blade holder, of the gap. Each blade support is mounted so as to be pivotal about a longitudinally extending pivot axis and is biased by a spring against a stop. This permits automatic opening of the gap to let a seam in the web through the gap, thus eliminating the need for operator intervention.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment, tape-shaped silicon bodies for solar cells are formed by continuous coating of a carrier body having a mesh structure. A melt bath receives the silicon melt and has a floor part with capillary openings therein for supplying the melt, the capillary openings leading perpendicularly toward the exterior of the vat and proceeding parallel to one another, and wherein a channel for the guidance of the carrier body proceeding in a horizontal direction is disposed below the melt vat in the region of the capillary openings. The guide channel for the carrier body can also be disposed above a body with capillaries proceeding parallel in a vertical direction, the body being partially immersed in the vat containing the silicon melt for the purpose of supplying the melt via the capillaries. The devices enable continuous tape drawing from a silicon melt wherein convection currents are avoided in the melt.

Abstract: Apparatus for the manufacture of large-surfaced, band-shaped silicon bodies for solar cells through a continuous layering process which uses a net-like structured graphite carrier unit. The net-like structure is used in conjunction with a melting pot made from graphite for receiving silicon smelt. The smelt is fed via a drain opening provided in the floor section of the melting pot to the carrier unit guided through a canal which has been arranged in horizontal direction below the melting pot. In order to ensure a continuous replacement of the smelt volume in the layering canal, the canal is shaped in downward direction as a shallow basin made from quartz, whereby the basin areas "a" and "b" are of different depth. In this manner, a "reserve volume" is provided, which ensures a uniform layering. The apparatus allows a continuous production of silicon bands for solar cells.

Abstract: A device for applying a lubricant coating to strip material subsequently formed in an operation which necessitates uniform application of the lubricant. Propulsion rolls pull the strip through a lubricant bath and squeeze off excess lubricant to leave a relatively heavy and somewhat uneven coating of lubricant. The propulsion rolls drive the coated strip between metering rolls which have hardened metal surfaces roughened by grit blasting to achieve a uniform, pitted effect. The metering rolls exert substantial pressure on the thickly coated strip and cause separate and independent, limited volume patches of lubricant to be defined and adhere to the strip uniformly across its surfaces.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for applying in a continuous and level manner aqueous impregnating liquors to water-wet textile goods to prevent unlevelness of the liquor applied to the goods. This is accomplished by partly or completely exchanging the moisture on the goods by sucking or pressing liquor through the goods and by circulating the liquor to be applied while maintaining its volume and concentration at a constant value. The new technique makes it possible to dispense with the customary intermediate drying stage after the pretreatment.

Abstract: A steel strip (10) is conveyed through a galvanizing bath (20) of molten zinc, a zinc coating weight control device (12), and a minispangle box assembly (16). The steel strip emerges from the zinc coating weight control device (12) with a non-uniform temperature distribution across its width in which it is warmer in the center and cooler at its edges. A differential, pre-cooler assembly (18) cools the steel strip selectively and non-uniformly across its width in a manner which is complimentary to the temperature distribution thereacross. In this manner, the steel strip exits the pre-cooler assembly (18) and enters the minispangle box assembly (16) with a more uniform temperature distribution. This results in a more uniform minispangle appearance on the strip (10) as it exits the minispangle box assembly (16). The pre-cooler assembly includes a plurality of nozzle pairs (32a, 32b; 34a, 34b; 36a, 36b; 38a, 38b).

Abstract: A coating material is applied to drawn lightguide fiber in a manner which substantially prevents the inclusion of bubbles and which causes the fiber to be disposed substantially concentrically within the coating layer. The lightguide fiber is advanced through a continuum of coating material, which extends from a free surface of a reservoir and through two dies that are arranged in tandem, at a velocity which causes air to be entrained in the coating material. A pressure gradient is established between portions of the first die adjacent to its exit orifice. A first one of the dies communicates with the reservoir and the second die and further communicates at the interface of the dies with a pressurized supply of the coating material.

Abstract: A device for depositing a layer of polycrystalline silicon on a carbon tape comprises a bath of molten silicon through which the carbon tape is drawn vertically. Two semicircular channels are supported vertically in the vicinity of the edges of the tape with their concave side towards the tape. The channels are partially immersed in the bath so as to raise the level of its surface by capillary action. The device is applicable to the manufacture of solar cells.

Abstract: There is described a process for producing, in a continuous manner, a gradient dyeing across the width of a long strip of a plastic sheet and an apparatus used therefor. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the orientation of the plastic strip is maintained substantially constant during the passage through a dye bath, and the dye liquid level is repetitively varied by use of a liquid level control means. This invention is particularly useful for making gradient-dyed plastic sheets which in turn are used for making sunglass lenses.

Abstract: In continuous hot dipping of metal strip, the tension of the strip at pre-treatment furnaces and that at air-wiping nozzles are isolated and made independent of each other. For this purpose bridle rolls driven by motors are disposed downstream of the pre-treatment furnaces. The tension at the former is maintained at a lower value, while the tension at the latter is maintained at a higher value. The bridle rolls are mounted in bearings which are covered by seal boxes in which an inert gas is enclosed so as to prevent the intrusion of atmospheric air into the furnaces.

Abstract: A web conveying method and apparatus in which a metal web is maintained substantially parallel to an adjacent electrode despite fluctuations in the flow of an electrolytic solution in which the web is immersed. A guide plate is disposed adjacent the web on the side thereof opposite the electrode. A plurality of through-holes are formed in the guide plate which are evenly distributed thereon. Due to the flow of solution through the guide plate, a static pressure is applied to the web which maintains it substantially parallel at all times to the electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and to an apparatus for producing alternate monomolecular layers. In per se known manner, a substrate is passed through the surface of a liquid contained in a vessel and over which has previously been spread a monomolecular layer of a given substance. According to the invention, the vessel is subdivided into two compartments. A monomolecular layer is deposited on the surface of the liquid contained in each of the compartments. The latter are arranged in such a way that there can be no contact between the monomolecular layers in each of them and the substrate is alternately moved between the compartments.

Abstract: An installation for the continuous coating of a strip, especially for the galvanizing of sheet steel.The object of the invention is to improve the quality of the coating and the uniformity of its crystallization, especially for thin sheets with low coating thicknesses. To achieve this result, the minimized flouring nozzle or nozzles are placed in an enclosure from which the strip leaves through a narrow slit and in which is provided means for maintaining a protective atmosphere inside this enclosure.Preferably, this enclosure is one with an enclosure surrounding the draining means, and means for recycling the protective atmosphere and for purifying it with respect to oxygen are provided.

Abstract: An extrusion coating apparatus continuously extrudes a coating solution from a top portion of a slot and applies the same in the form of a coat on the surface of a flexible support which is continuously run along a back edge surface and a doctor edge surface of the apparatus. The apparatus is characterized in that the doctor edge has a triangular cross-section. In addition, assuming that the downstream end of the doctor edge is indicated by A, the vertex of the triangular cross-section is indicated by B, the outlet end of the slot is indicated C, the outlet end of the slot on the back edge surface is indicated by D, and the upstream end is indicated by E, the outlet end of the slot on the back edge surface D is disposed at a position which satisfies the following equation: .angle.ABC<.angle.ABD<180.degree..

Abstract: An improved method of and apparatus for hot dip metal coating of steel strip in which the strip is heated and cleaned in a furnace then passed through a protective hood containing a reducing gas and into the molten coating metal bath. Coating metal oxides evolved in the hood are removed by flowing a nonoxidizing gas across the surface of the coating metal in the hood and withdrawing the gas and entrained oxides from a location in the vicinity of the coating metal surface. The oxides are removed from the withdrawn gas, and the gas returned to be again flowed across the coating metal surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a processing unit with three treatment zones for photosensitive materials which are exposed imagewise, especially printing plates, comprising a housing top part which can be lifted off from a housing bottom part. Located on the housing top part are two separate run-in tables inclined obliquely downwardly which lead into feed slits. One run-in table can be folded against the front plate, whereas the other run-in table is integrated into the top side of the housing top part. Located on the rear side of the housing top part is a discharge slit with a run-out table inclined obliquely downwardly, which is equipped with an adjustable stop and which can be folded against the rear side of the processing unit. A heated air stream flows through an air outflow slit against the underside of the run-out table.

Abstract: Method of coating or impregnating a guided web-shaped substrate with a flowable medium, which includes monitoring the composition of the flowable medium; continuously measuring the rate of travel of the substrate; applying a metered amount of flowable medium to the substrate at a given feeding point, corresponding to the monitored composition of the flowable medium and corresponding to the measured rate of travel of the substrate; continuously measuring the amount of flowable medium not yet accepted by the substrate; and regulating the transfer of flowable medium to the moving substrate corresponding to the measured amount of flowable medium to maintain a constant amount of flowable medium applied within pre-determined limits, and an apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: An installation includes a first fixed return roller, positioned above the melted zinc bath level and along which passes the band to be galvanized, when exiting from a galvanization tromp. A second return roller is mounted on a mobile arm and guides the band, after galvanization to an excess metal removing device. A coating roller, mounted on a mobile arm is adapted to be brought to two positions, a first position where it dips into the zinc bath for coating a determined face of the band, and a second position where it is moved clear of the path followed by the band. A bottom roller is supported by a mobile arm so as to be movable to two positions, a working position at the bottom of the tank, so as to provide for the immersion of the band in contact with such roller for carrying out galvanization of both faces, and a rest position clear from the path followed by the band.

Abstract: A finishing method and apparatus for use in conventional hot-dip coating of the type wherein a ferrous base metal strip, having been appropriately pretreated so as to be at or near the proper coating temperature and so as to have its surfaces free of oxides, is cause to pass beneath the surface of a bath of molten coating metal, exiting the bath between conventional finishing rolls. The method comprises the steps of providing an enclosure which overlies at least the coating metal meniscus areas created between the finishing rolls and the strip, and maintaining within the enclosure an inert or non-oxidizing atmosphere to shroud the meniscus areas. The apparatus comprises the above mentioned enclosure with an appropriate system to provide and maintain the inert or non-oxidizing atmosphere therein.

Abstract: There is described a process for producing, in a continuous manner, a gradient dyeing across the width of a long strip of a plastic sheet and an apparatus used therefor. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the orientation of the plastic strip is maintained substantially constant during the passage through a dye bath, and the dye liquid level is repetitively varied by use of a liquid level control means. This invention is particularly useful for making gradient-dyed plastic sheets which in turn are used for making sunglass lenses.

Abstract: Reinforced facings, including reinforcing webs entrained in hydraulic cement via a slurry bath, adhere to a nailable lightweight aggregate cementitious core to form a panel web. The reinforced web is formed on abutting conveyed carrier sheets, and the web is transversely cut, between the sheets, while moving or when stopped, in response to sensing of the sheets. The cut panels, on respective sheets are stacked for curing without damaging the panel edges and in a manner to minimize panel flex. Slurry bath, facing applicators, and cutter and stacking apparatus are included.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for reducing spangle in a galvanization system that utilizes air knives to control coating thickness and distribution. Cooling nozzles are located downstream of the air knives along the feed path of the substrate being coated. The cooling nozzles direct an air and water mixture against the substrate at approximately the location the air from the air knives impinge the substrate. The air from the air knives force the air and water mixture to be carried along the substrate surface in a direction of the substrate feed path.

Abstract: A process of applying and drying a liquid lubricant on a metallic material to be mechanically worked has the steps of passing a metallic material through a coating container with a lubricant so that the lubricant coats the metallic material and the latter exits from the coating container through an opening, removing the superfluous portion of the lubricant without contacting the same with outside air, and advancing the lubricant coated metallic material through a drying channel in which air is urged in disturbed state. An arrangement for performing the method is also provided.

Abstract: A pressure saturator for impregnating porous substrate materials with solids in solution, in which a reservoir contains the saturant solution and has a base member with a portion forming a depression therein. A mandrel is disposed within the depression in spaced relation to the surface of the depression. Preferably, the distance between the surface of the depression and the mandrel is three times the thickness of the substrate material. Heating elements are disposed in the base and heat the portion of the base member forming the depression, thereby heating the solution between the mandrel and the surface of the depression. The substrate is fed into the saturator from a supply roll and is passed through the space between the depression and the mandrel. The heated solution causes solids from the solution to replace the air in the interstices of the substrate in a near 100 percent weight-to-weight saturation.

Abstract: A method is disclosed in which an insulating film of an oxide of metal, of which a stranded conductor (30) is made, is formed on the surface of all strands in a stranded conductor, while the stranded conductor is held in the stranded form. In a step of oxidation-treating the strands of an electric cable the pressure of an oxidation treatment solution at the outer portion of the stranded conductor immersed therein is made higher than the pressure in the inner portion of the stranded conductor (30), causing the oxidation treatment solution (48) to be adequately penetrated from the outer portion into the inner portion of the stranded conductor to permit a desired oxide film to be formed on the surface of all the strands in the stranded conductor.

Abstract: Production of a longitudinally striated coating on a strip article by advancing the article past an open side of an otherwise-enclosed trench so that the article surface to be coated closes the open trench side, while delivering concurrent laminar flows of two different liquid coating materials to the trench at least at one locality spaced from the trench open side, to keep the trench completely filled and to deposit a layer of coating material on the moving article surface. Liquid circulation in the trench caused by the motion of the article surface so distributes the two coating materials along the trench that the applied coating layer is constituted of alternating longitudinal striations of the two materials.

Abstract: A dual-purpose production plant for cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets having, successively disposed in series, a heating zone, a soaking zone, a primary cooling zone, an overaging zone equipped with a controlled cooling facility, a molten galvanizing zone, an intermediate cooling means, a secondary cooling zone, a temper rolling means, and a chemical treatment means, and a bypass for directly connecting the overaging zone and the secondary cooling zone with each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for coating the outside surface of a length of tubing comprising the steps of coating the outside surface of the tubing with an initial layer of coating liquid, transporting the coated tubing along its longitudinal axis in a substantially vertically upward direction; passing the coated tubing through a constriction of predetermined width to reduce the thickness of the initial layer and form a thin layer of desired thickness on the outside of the tubing; leveling the thin layer without reducing the weight per unit area of the thin layer to form a layer of uniform thickness; and exposing the tubing to heat of a sufficient temperature to solidify the coating liquid and form an uninterrupted film of uniform thickness on the outside of the tubing.

Abstract: Pond pressure controlling device, e.g. a tiltably mounted metering lip baffle is mounted on the floor area which in part defines with an upstanding doctor blade and rib running on the backing surface roll a coating application pond chamber, provides an adjustable output orifice for the chamber spaced from the blade at an upstream location relative to the direction of travel of the web. A pressure fluid responsive device, e.g. an inflatable bladder, is adapted for selectively adjusting the pond pressure controlling lip baffle for obtaining a desired output orifice dimension. In another form the controlling device may comprise simply an inflatable tubular bladder mounted on the floor area provided with any adjustable orifice-defining rib.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a developing apparatus for sheet material, such as flexible printing plates, comprising a double-tank combination with removable inserts which carry transport and guide means for conveying the material on a curved path through the processing liquids; in the apparatus, a rotating brush roller which has an elastically supported counter roller is arranged upstream of the discharge area of the developer tank, the brush roller being covered by a protective hood, the rear bottom edge of which extends below the level of the developer liquid and, in addition to pairs of transport rollers, rotatable deviating rollers are disposed at the coated side of the material and stationary guide means at the reverse side of the material, for transporting the material through the tanks.

Abstract: Two side coaters and methods of coating paper on both sides are disclosed in which a web of paper to be coated is moved in a generally upward direction in partially wrapped relation to a coating roll, so that one side of the web is in contact with and supported by the roll. This one side of the web is coated by a first coating material which is applied by the coating roll. This coating material is applied to the coating roll by an applicator roll, either directly in which a puddle is formed between the applicator roll and the coating roll, or through transfer from a pair of metering rolls in which the coating puddle is formed between the metering rolls.