Abstract: A method of filling a recess according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises heating an amorphous semiconductor film without crystallizing the amorphous semiconductor film by radiating laser light to the amorphous semiconductor film embedded in the recess.

Abstract: Methods for aircraft component repair and reclamation are provided. Cold spraying aircraft panels include identifying a fastener hole in an aircraft panel in need of repair, capturing the location of the fastener hole, and depositing cold spray material about the fastener hole for reclaiming the aircraft panel. Any excess material may be removed. Cold spraying hydraulic lines includes identifying a surface of the hydraulic line in need of repair, aiming a cold spray nozzle at the surface of the hydraulic line and depositing a cold spray material on the surface of the hydraulic line. Excess cold spray material may be removed as needed.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to dispensing fluid and controlling a dispensing operation. The system includes a fluid dispenser including an inlet and an outlet, the dispenser being operable to start and stop the flow of the fluid from the outlet onto a substrate. The system also includes a fluid supply reservoir adapted to hold the fluid, and having an outlet coupled in fluid communication with the inlet of the fluid dispenser to establish a flow path for the fluid between the fluid supply reservoir and the outlet of the fluid dispenser. The fluid supply reservoir further includes a pneumatic input coupled to an air flow path adapted to receive pressurized air for forcing the fluid from the outlet of the reservoir. An electronic air flow meter device is operatively coupled to the air flow path to produce electrical output signals.

Abstract: A method and system for the spray application of epoxy materials is provided. The system includes a dual walled tank structure as a reservoir for containing and preheating the epoxy materials in preparation for mixing and spray application. Each component of the epoxy material is preheated before the components are mixed. After preheating, the components are then mixed together and spray applied. The method and system of the present invention provides a high quality spray applied epoxy coating while reducing equipment down time and cleaning.

Abstract: A processing liquid supplying apparatus performs an ejecting step in which a processing liquid suctioned into a pump passes through a filter device and is ejected from an ejecting part without returning the processing liquid back to the pump; a returning step in which the processing liquid suctioned into the pump is returned to a processing liquid source side of a mixing section; and a replenishing step in which the processing liquid returned to the processing liquid source side is suctioned into the pump together with the processing liquid replenished from the processing liquid source. The processing liquid passes through the filter device in at least one of the returning step and the replenishing step. The amount of the processing liquid returned to the processing liquid source side in the returning step is larger than the amount of the processing liquid ejected from the ejecting part in the ejecting step.

Abstract: A filter unit including a filter and a housing, in which the filter has an opening on one end side and filters a coating liquid from the outside to the inside of the filter, the housing has, on one end side, an inlet port of the coating liquid, and has, on the other end side, an outlet port of the coating liquid filtered by the filter, the filter is attached to the other end side of the housing so that the opening and the outlet port communicate with each other, and the housing has a release hole through which air is released, the release hole being formed at the other end outside the filter.

Abstract: A bicomponent fiber is disclosed, in addition to systems and processes for making the bicomponent fiber. The bicomponent fiber can include a glass core and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sheath circumferentially enclosing the glass core, wherein the bicomponent fiber has a diameter between approximately five micrometers and approximately twenty micrometers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a structured, at least partly optically transparent varnish surface on a surface of a substrate board, preferably of a wood material board, having a decoration. The steps of the method include applying a transparent or at least partly transparent varnish to an applicator roll thereby producing a structured varnish surface and transferring the structured varnish surface to a substrate board having a decoration. The varnish is applied to the applicator roll by a plurality of digitally controlled nozzles in a distribution defining a structure and/or is transformed on the applicator roll into a distribution defining a structure. Furthermore, a device for carrying out the method is described.

Abstract: A method of forming a metalloid-containing material comprises the step of preparing a hydrometalloid compound in a low volume on-demand reactor. The method further comprises the step of feeding the hydrometalloid compound prepared in the microreactor to a deposition apparatus. Additionally, the method comprises the step of forming the metalloid-containing material from the hydrometalloid compound via the deposition apparatus. A deposition system for forming the metalloid-containing material comprises at least one low volume on-demand reactor coupled to and in fluid communication with a deposition apparatus.

Abstract: A method of method of coating powdered medical agent onto a carrier particle for use in a dry powder inhaler may include applying ultrasonic energy to agglomerated powdered medical agent to deaggregate and aerosolize particles of the medical agent into particles having a desired average particle size, and coating at least one carrier particle with a desired amount of the deaggregated and aerosolized particles of the medical agent.

Abstract: A confined pulsed laser deposition method and apparatus that includes an ablative coating between a transparent confinement layer and a backing plane, and a laser beam directed through the confinement layer to ablate the coating at generally ambient temperature and pressure, and using laser induced pressure to synthesize metaphase from the ablative coating. For example, diamond phase carbon can be synthesized from a graphite coating. The laser beam can be directed through a focus lens to control the final spot size, or through a beam diffuser to make the intensity more uniform. An XYZ-stage can position a desired target area of the ablative coating to be irradiated by the laser beam. The laser beam can have an intensity of less than about 6 GW/cm2, or less than about 4 GW/cm2. The laser beam can have an excitation wavelength of about 568 nm.

Abstract: A coating comprises a resin solution including a solution of neoprene latex and liquid asphalt emulsion and an accelerator solution including an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate powder and water. A spray system for applying the coating includes a spray gun having first and second nozzles, a first pump fluidly connected between the first nozzle and a resin solution reservoir for delivering the resin solution to the first nozzle at a first fluid pressure, and a second pump fluidly connected between the second nozzle and an accelerator solution reservoir for delivering the accelerator solution to the second nozzle at a second fluid pressure different from the first pressure. The accelerator solution may be aerated by a source of compressed air prior to discharge from the second nozzle.

Abstract: An electroless plating apparatus and method designed specifically for plating at least one semiconductor wafer are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a container, a wafer holder, an electrolyte supplying unit, and an ultrasonic-vibration unit. The container is provided with at least an inlet and used for containing electrolyte. The wafer holder is provided within the container. The electrolyte supplying unit is used to supply the electrolyte into the container via the inlet. The ultrasonic-vibration unit consisting of at least one frequency ultrasonic transducer is disposed in the container for producing a uniform flow of electrolyte in the container. Thereby, the wafers can be uniformly plated, especially for wafers with fine via-holes or trench structures.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in connection with application of decoration to a container by printing thereon includes a container transport system comprising a processing position configured to receive a container, a coating installation disposed at the processing position, and a transfer element. The transfer element applies a base coat to the container by rolling on or off the container.

Abstract: A system for self-aligning diamagnetic materials includes first and second magnets contacting each other along a contact line and having a diametric magnetization perpendicular to the contact line and a diamagnetic rod positioned to levitate above the contact line of the first and second magnets.

Abstract: A method minimizes emissions while spraying a mixture of a resin composition and a polyisocyanate onto a surface. The resin composition has a hydroxyl content of at least 400 mg KOH/g and includes a blowing agent that is a liquid under pressure, a first polyol, at least one additional polyol other than the first polyol, and optionally a catalyst, surfactant, and water. The mixture is sprayed onto the surface to form a polyurethane foam having a closed cell content of at least 90 percent. The mixture is also sprayed through a spray nozzle at a spray angle corresponding to a control spray angle of from 15 to 125 degrees measured at a pressure of from 10 to 40 psi using water as a standard. The step of spraying produces less than 50 parts of the polyisocyanate per one billion parts of air according to OSHA Method 47.

Abstract: A molding roller includes a cylindrical main body and a seamless ring-shaped molding film. The main body has a circumferential surface. The molding film is directly formed on the circumferential surface. The molding film has a molding surface including a number of molding patterns. The molding film is made of polymer resin consisting of polydimethylsiloxane and a plurality of silica nanoparticles formed in polymer grids of the polydimethylsiloxane.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light emitting device, using a spray coating method, a fluorescent material can be easily adhered on corner portions and side surfaces of an LED chip, a lens-shaped light transmissive resin member surface, an optical lens surface, etc., and a spray coating machine used in the method. The method includes mounting an LED chip on a substrate member, applying a spray coating to a coating object including the LED chip by spraying a powder-containing solution. The applying a spray coating is performed such that a powder-containing solution is sprayed through a solution nozzle arranged above the coating object, as a spray direction of the powder-containing solution indicating a central axis, while using at least one gas nozzle arranged in a surrounding relationship to the central axis, spraying a gas toward the central axis to alter the direction of the spray made of the powder-containing solution.

Abstract: Methods for applying protective coatings to electronic devices that have already been assembled, and are in a consumer-ready or aftermarket form, are disclosed. In such a method, an electronic device may be at least partially disassembled to expose at least a portion of an interior of the electronic device. A protective coating is applied to some or all of the exposed surfaces of the electronic devices, including one or more internal surfaces, features or components of the electronic device. Thereafter, the electronic device may be reassembled. During and after reassembly, the protective coating resides internally within the electronic device. Systems for applying protective coatings to interior components of previously assembled electronic devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: The first aspect of the instant claimed invention is a method of formulating radiation curable Supercoatings for application to an optical fiber used in a telecommunications network. A Multi-layer Film Drawdown Method useful in the Method of formulating radiation curable Supercoatings is also described and claimed. Single mode Optical fibers coated with specific radiation curable Supercoatings are also described and claimed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tooling and methods for disposing, coating, building up, repairing, or otherwise modifying the surface of a metal substrate using frictional heating and compressive loading of a consumable metal material against the substrate. Embodiments of the invention include friction-based fabrication tooling comprising a non-consumable member with a throat and a consumable member disposed in the throat, wherein the throat is operably configured such that during rotation of the non-consumable member at a selected speed, the throat exerts normal forces on and rotates the consumable member at the selected speed; and comprising means for dispensing the consumable member through the throat and onto a substrate using frictional heating and compressive loading. Embodiments of the invention also include fabrication methods using the tools described herein.

Abstract: The first aspect of the instant claimed invention is a method of formulating radiation curable Supercoatings for application to an optical fiber used in a telecommunications network. A Multi-layer Film Drawdown Method useful in the Method of formulating radiation curable Supercoatings is also described and claimed. Single mode Optical fibers coated with specific radiation curable Supercoatings are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A plating apparatus 20 has a substrate holding/rotating device 110 configured to hold and rotate a substrate 2 and a plating liquid supplying device 30 configured to supply a plating liquid 35 onto the substrate 2. The plating liquid supplying device 30 has a supply tank 31 configured to store therein the plating liquid 35 to be supplied onto the substrate 2, a discharge nozzle 32 configured to discharge the plating liquid 35 onto the substrate 2 and a plating liquid supplying line 33 through which the plating liquid 35 within the supply tank 31 is supplied into the discharge nozzle 32. Further, an ammonia gas storage unit 170 is connected to the supply tank 31, and a concentration of an ammonia component within the plating liquid 35 stored in the supply tank 31 can be maintained within a preset target range.

Abstract: A coating apparatus configured to coat a peripheral surface of an endless member with a coating liquid, includes: a holding member configured to hold the endless member; an impregnation member configured to be impregnated with the coating liquid and configured to coat the endless member with the coating liquid in contact with the endless member; a nozzle member configured to eject the coating liquid onto the endless member; a rotating mechanism configured to rotate the holding member relative to the impregnation member and the nozzle member; and a moving mechanism configured to move the holding member relative to the impregnation member and the nozzle member so that the coating liquid is ejected from the nozzle member onto the endless member in a region where the coating liquid is already coated by the impregnation member.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing an integrated circuit having a thick film metal layer includes an applicator for applying a layer of metal paste onto a heat-conducting substrate. The metal paste includes metal particles of a predetermined size. An RF generator selectively inductively couples RF energy into the metal paste. The predetermined size of the metal particles of the metal paste corresponds to a coupling frequency of the RF energy for heating the metal particles. In this way, the metal particles of the metal paste are heated with only a small fraction of the power of conventional processes, and without the need to pre-sinter the metal paste.

Abstract: A method of supplying a Zn—Al alloy to a molten zinc pot which accommodates a molten zinc bath in a hot dip galvanizing line, includes: supplying the Zn—Al alloy from a supply portion provided at a lower portion of an insertion guide having a pipe shape, in which the supply portion is immersed between an inner wall of the molten zinc pot on a downstream side in a travelling direction of a steel sheet and a front support roll installed in the molten zinc bath at a depth within ±400 mm from a lower end of the front support roll, and an inside of the insertion guide is pressurized by inert gas to prevent the molten zinc bath from advancing to the inside of the insertion guide.

Abstract: In this disclosure, filament winding method and system without a resin dip bath are disclosed. The method comprises feeding a fiber on a mandrel without dipping the fiber in a resin bath; and applying a resin onto the fiber at the point of where the fiber contacts the mandrel. In an embodiment, the fiber comprises carbon fiber, basalt fiber, S-glass fiber, S-2 glass fiber, A-glass fiber, C-glass fiber, E-glass fiber, D-glass fiber, Kevlar fiber, ECR glass fiber. In an embodiment, the resin comprises polyester resin, vinylester resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, BMI resin, polyurethane resin, cyanate ester resin. In an embodiment, the fiber is fed on the mandrel at an angle of from about 25° to 65°, wherein the angle is defined as the angle between the fiber and a horizontal plane when the mandrel is placed horizontally. Further disclosed are parts made according to the instant filament winding method.

Abstract: A system and a method for providing a film having a matte finish. The system includes means for providing a coated substrate, the coated substrate comprising a first coatable material applied to a substrate, the coatable material forming a first major surface of the coated substrate; means for changing the viscosity of the first coatable material from a first viscosity to a second viscosity; a face-side roller having an outer surface positioned to contact the first major surface of the coated substrate to impart a matte finish thereon; and optionally, means for hardening the first coatable material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a screen insert (70) for a powder container (24) of a powder supplying device, the screen insert (70) having a screen unit (71) for screening coating powder and an ultrasonic transducer (72) for generating ultrasonic vibrations. The screen unit (71) is connected to the ultrasonic transducer (72) in such a way that the ultrasonic vibrations generated by the ultrasonic transducer (72) can be transferred to the screen unit (71). To allow a particularly compact construction of the screen insert (70) to be achieved, according to the invention a screen carrier (73) which can be placed onto the powder container (24) is provided, for holding the ultrasonic transducer (72), with the screen unit (71) connected thereto, in such a way that the screen unit (71) is arranged below the screen carrier (73), so that the screen unit (71) is inside a powder chamber (22), formed by the powder container (24), when the screen carrier (73) has been placed onto the powder container (24).

Abstract: An optical device manufacturing apparatus includes an encapsulating device for encapsulating an optical semiconductor element 4 mounted on a substrate 2 by a liquid resin R in a lens shape, and a curing device for curing the liquid resin R, wherein the encapsulating device includes a dispenser capable of vertically moving a nozzle 25 for supplying the liquid resin R, and brings the tip of the nozzle 25 close to the optical semiconductor element 4 and then supplies the liquid resin R while raising the nozzle 25. According to this optical device manufacturing apparatus, an optical device having the desired optical properties can be obtained promptly and easily.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer for use on an optical film, the method includes a filtration step including filtering a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating liquid under a differential pressure of more than 0 kPa and not more than 150 kPa using a depth type filter having a filtration accuracy of 1 to 20 ?m. The pressure-sensitive adhesive coating liquid contains an aqueous dispersion-type pressure-sensitive adhesive; and an application and drying step including applying the filtered pressure-sensitive adhesive coating liquid and then drying the coating liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a zinc-aluminum-based alloy-coated steel sheet with superior workability and corrosion resistance by coating a base zinc-aluminum-based alloy-coated steel sheet in a coating bath comprising 35 to 55% by weight of zinc, 0.5 to 3% by weight of silicon, 0.005 to 1.0% by weight of chromium, 0.01 to 3.0% by weight of magnesium, 0.001 to 0.1% by weight of titanium, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities. With the method, it is possible to produce a zinc-aluminum-based alloy-coated steel sheet which exhibits superior workability through control of an intermetallic compound layer (Zn—Al—Si—Cr) and formation of AlCr2 due to Cr component present in the coating layer, reduces detachment of the coating layer and cracks of coating occurring during molding, exhibits superior corrosion resistance even after processing and has considerably superior corrosion resistance due to Mg2Si alloy phase and inhibition of oxide film formation.

Abstract: Technologies described herein are generally related to systems and processes for repairing a graphene membrane on a support. A chamber may receive a layer of graphene on a support. The layer of graphene may include a hole. A first container including an initiator may be effective to apply an initiator through the hole to the support to functionalize the support and produce an initiator layer on the support. A second container including an activator may be effective to apply an activator through the hole to the initiator layer to activate the initiator layer. The application of the activator may further be effective to grow a polymer from the initiator layer. The growth of the polymer may be effective to produce a polymer plug in the hole and effective to repair at least a portion of the layer of graphene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing an inorganic thin-film solar cell, the apparatus including: a substrate stage which is mounted in a chamber and in which a solar cell substrate is disposed; and an inorganic powder supply unit including a nozzle configured to discharge an inorganic powder aerosol containing an inorganic powder onto the substrate stage in a supersonic flow so as to form a solar cell layer on the solar cell substrate, and an inorganic powder supply portion configured to supply the inorganic powder aerosol to the nozzle.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating apparatus includes a body having a powder-accommodating chamber which accommodates a powder of the material particles, and an introducing port via which the carrier gas is introduced into the powder-accommodating chamber; a powder flow passage which has an inlet opening and an outlet opening both of which are open in the powder-accommodating chamber, the inlet opening being positioned at a position lower than that of the outlet opening in a vertical direction; and a transport mechanism which transports the powder in a direction directed from the inlet opening to the outlet opening of the powder flow passage. Accordingly, the aerosol-generating apparatus is provided, which makes it possible to stably produce the aerosol over a long period of time by appropriately reducing the aggregation of the material particles accommodated in the powder-accommodating chamber.

Abstract: A system and a method for providing a film having a matte finish. The system includes means for providing a coated substrate, the coated substrate comprising a first coatable material applied to a substrate, the coatable material forming a first major surface of the coated substrate; means for changing the viscosity of the first coatable material from a first viscosity to a second viscosity; a face-side roller having an outer surface positioned to contact the first major surface of the coated substrate to impart a matte finish thereon; and optionally, means for hardening the first coatable material.

Abstract: A facility for depositing a film of ordered particles onto a moving substrate, the facility including: a transfer area including an entry of particles and an exit of particles spaced apart from each other by two side edges facing each other, retaining a carrier liquid on which the particles float, a capillary bridge ensuring connection between the carrier liquid contained in the transfer area and the substrate, and a plurality of suction nozzles capable of attracting the particles towards its two side edges.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a paint mist separating device, and a paint booth having a paint mist separating device. The paint mist separating device can include a tapered tube, and a collecting funnel with a funnel inlet and a funnel neck, into which the larger end of the tapered tube projects, wherein the funnel neck is provided for connection to a collecting tank for paint. The paint mist separating device can include a collecting hood, which is arranged opposite the funnel inlet and which has a paint mist inlet opening, into which a smaller end of the tapered tube opens, wherein an outlet gap is provided between the inlet opening of the collecting funnel and the collecting hood.

Abstract: An adhesive metering system for applying an adhesive to an anilox roll is provided. The anilox roll includes cups embedded within a peripheral surface of the anilox roll. The system includes a pan having a first end, a second end, opposing sidewalls, and a bottom configured to form a trough to partially receive the peripheral surface. A first blade is coupled to the first end, wherein the first blade has an edge spaced from the cups by a gap defined between the peripheral surface and the edge. The system further includes a pump coupled to the pan and in flow communication with the first blade and the trough. The pump is configured to discharge the adhesive into the trough and on the first blade wherein the first blade is configured to facilitate channeling adhesive into the cups of the anilox roll.

Abstract: Thin-film battery methods for complexity reduction are described. Processing equipment arrangements suitable to support thin-film battery methods for complexity reduction are also described. Cluster tools to support thin-film battery methods for complexity reduction are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coating and developing apparatus including (a) a first liquid process module to sequentially perform a first liquid process by a first chemical liquid, and a second liquid process by the first chemical liquid again; (b) a buffer module to sequentially store the respective substrates which have been subjected to the first liquid process and have not yet been subjected to the second liquid process; and (c) a second liquid process module to sequentially perform a third liquid process by a second chemical liquid. In particular, the third liquid process to be performed on a first substrate of the substrate group is started before the first liquid process performed on a last substrate of the substrate group is ended, in such a manner that right after the first liquid process is performed on the last substrate, the second liquid process is to be performed on the first substrate.

Abstract: A coating apparatus including a coating part which coats a liquid material containing a metal on a substrate, a coating-film forming part which subjects the liquid material coated on the substrate to a predetermined treatment to form a coating film, and a removing part which removes a peripheral portion of the coating material formed along the outer periphery of the substrate.

Abstract: A container (2) for powder (1), a method for marking of the containers (2) for the powder (1) and an apparatus (200) for use of a powder (1). At least one RFID Chip (20) provided in the container (2), wherein the RFID chip (20) stores at least one set of parameters for material characterization of the powder (1) in the container (2). A unique key (21) is assigned to every type of powder (1) by means of which the data in the RFID chip (20) located in the container (2) are readable, writeable and updateable via an antenna (10) arranged outside the container (2).

Abstract: A disclosed image forming apparatus is capable of solving the problems of deterioration of a foam application function and driving systems caused by the dried and fixed foam remaining without being applied. The image forming apparatus includes a foam forming section forming foam, a reservoir section supplying foam formed by the foam forming section to an application roller, a discharge channel through which extra foam is collected from the reservoir section, and a heating unit for heating the extra foam to return the extra foam to a liquid form. The discharged liquid prepared by defoaming the foam discharged through the discharge channel is returned to a container containing the defoamed liquid.

Abstract: A method for producing a metallic contact structure for making electrical contact with a photovoltaic solar cell, wherein, in order to create the contact structure, a paste, which contains metal particles, is applied to a surface of a carrier substrate via at least one dispensing opening, wherein the dispensing opening and the carrier substrate are moved in relation to one another during the dispensing of the paste. The paste is circulated in a circulating region, and in each case a part of the paste is branched off out of the circulating region at a plurality of branching points and each branching point is assigned at least one dispensing opening, via which the paste branched off at the branching point is applied to the surface of the carrier substrate, wherein the paste flows through a flow path having a length of less than 1 cm in each case between being branched off out of the circulating region and being dispensed from the dispensing opening assigned to the branching point.

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus is provided, which includes: a seal chamber including a chamber body having an opening, a lid member provided rotatably with respect to the chamber body and configured to close the opening, and a first liquid seal structure which liquid-seals between the lid member and the chamber body, the seal chamber having an internal space sealed from outside; a lid member rotating unit which rotates the lid member; a substrate holding/rotating unit which holds and rotates a substrate in the internal space of the seal chamber; and a treatment liquid supplying unit which supplies a treatment liquid to the substrate rotated by the substrate holding/rotating unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing coating material includes a crucible having a cylindrical receptacle for receiving coating material, a drive member having a drive shaft, and a cover coupled to the drive shaft. The cover has a flat surface. The drive shaft is configured to drive the cover to rotate thereabout between a closed position where the cover covers the receptacle and the flat surface presses against the coating material to flatten the coating material, and an open position where the cover is moved away from the receptacle.

Abstract: A solvent such as PGMEA is coated on a wafer in advance to easily spread resist liquid onto the wafer on a spin chuck. Before coating, the solvent supplied from a solvent supply source is stored in a distill tank first, the solvent is heated by a heating unit to be evaporated, and the evaporated solvent is cooled by a cooler, thereby performing the purification of the solvent by distillation. Therefore, particles among the solvent are removed. The purified solvent is stored in a storage tank first, and then supplied to a solvent nozzle above the spin chuck from a solvent supplying line. And then, the solvent is coated on the wafer by ejecting the solvent from the solvent nozzle to the wafer. Further, the distill tank is cleaned periodically to suppress the increase of the concentration of the particles in the solvent.

Abstract: A tattoo applicator for applying temporary tattoos to a subject, the tattoo applicator including a handheld housing and a sponge moveably supported by the housing to moisten the temporary tattoo and to apply pressure to the temporary tattoo. In some examples, the housing defines a retaining slot for receiving a tattoo-forming sheet. In some examples, the tattoo applicator includes a timer. In some examples, the tattoo applicator includes a push rod and a tattoo mount supported by the housing, the tattoo mount defining a port through which the push rod extends. In some examples, the tattoo applicator includes a fluid reservoir mounted to the housing.

Abstract: A continuous galvanizing line uses a coating pot containing a molten zinc bath having bottom dross and further comprises a pump. The pump agitates the bottom dross so the bottom dross interacts with aluminum and converts to top dross, which can be removed without needing to stop the galvanizing line. A reaction vessel may also be used to provide a higher concentration of aluminum to react with the bottom dross.