Abstract: A fuel conservation device free of moving parts and adapted to be interposed between the carburetor and intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The device comprises three components or stages: a static vortex generator, an ultrasonic transducer and an electric current carrying wire grid or screen. The static vortex generator creates physical mixing of the air and fuel mixture as well as centrifugally impinging the air and fuel mixture against the ultrasonic transducer(s) for further atomization. Passing through the heated grid promotes thermal vaporization as well as magnetic field perturbation on a molecular level. The resulting increased dispersion and atomization of the fuel into the air improves engine performance including fuel economy and ease of starting.

Abstract: An engine performance enhancing apparatus comprises a plurality of disklike copper pieces arranged latticewise and sandwiched between two sheets or cloths, sheets of copper mesh superposed, one each on the opposite outer surface of the sheets or cloths, and aluminum sheets superposed and fastened on the opposite outer surfaces of the copper mesh.This apparatus, on being simply disposed near an engine, brings about a beneficial effect of enhancing the output of the engine and, at the same time, decreasing the content of noxious substances in the exhaust gas, reducing the black smoke emanating from a diesel engine, and improving the rate of fuel consumption.

Abstract: An improved air treatment device that will reduce or eliminate exhaust pollutants of internal combustion engines, by treating air prior to its introduction into the carburetor with ultra violet rays and heat, resulting in more complete combustion. The device provides an improved pre-heater for the air by utilizing the circulation of existing fluid as a heat source.

Abstract: Apparatus to reduce exhaust pollution of internal combustion engines (12) comprises a manifold (26) connected to the cells of the battery (23) of the electrical system associated with the engine (12), the manifold (26) receiving gas/vapor emitted from the battery cells. The manifold (26) is connected by a line (27) to the fuel/air inlet manifold (14) of the engine (12), preferably via the gas recirculation line (22) connecting the crankcase ventilation to the inlet (14). Water vapor taken from the engine radiator (31) can also be drawn into the line (27) through an accumulator (28). A second battery (34) can also be connected to the accumulator (28) to increase the gas/vapor drawn into the inlet (14).

Abstract: The present invention includes methods and apparatus wherein large volumes of normally cryogenic gases, like oxygen and nitrogen, can be safely stored as "quasi-liquids" at room temperatures. The dangers and hazards normally associated with the storage of highly compressed gases are greatly reduced by the invention. A gas adsorbing material fills the containing vessel and, thereby, limits the maximum rate at which gas can leave the vessel.

Abstract: The voltage lost through the formation of magnetic fields and leakage and stray currents on the cover of a distributor and on the insulation of the high-voltage current conducting cables from a high-voltage coil to a distributor and from a distributor to a plurality of spark plugs of an ignition system of an internal combustion engine is at least partially regenerated by a voltage regenerator comprising inductive current trapping means for recovering the current lost through the insulation of said high-voltage current conducting cables, said current trapping means being coupled to said cables at a short distance from the current receiving ends thereof; encapsulated current collector means for receiving the current recovered by said current trapping means; at least some of said current trapping means including unidirectional current flow means permitting only the flow of current toward said collector means; current attracting means inductively coupled to said collector means; and inductive current delivery mea

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a fuel mixture for an internal combustion engine or burner, comprises series-connected generators of microaerosol particles of water, fuel and/or oxidizer, in which the particles of water serve as carriers for the fuel. The resultant thin layers of fuel substantially increase the surface area of the fuel, and the water core of each particle enables an optimum water content to be achieved.

Abstract: A device designed to use exhaust gas discharged out of an engine combustion chamber by dissociating chemical substances contained in the exhaust gas such as CO, CO.sub.2, NOx, HC, etc., in an exhaust gas molecule dissociating tube and drawing components of the exhaust gas, oxygen in particular, again into the engine combustion chamber. The device is so constructed as to collect dust including the carbon component of the exhaust gas in a cyclone drum for removal from the exhaust gas, which allows all of the engine exhaust to be recycled without releasing it in the atmosphere. The device is utilizable with various engines, e.g., gasoline engines, diesel engines and so on, and well-suited to mass production on account of its simple, compact and lightweight construction.

Abstract: A combustible mixture composed of a flowing fuel and gaseous oxygen is ignited by exposing one or both of the constituents of the mixture to a region of corona discharge in order to generate molecular radicals which subsequently combine with radicals of the other constituent to initiate combustion. The apparatus includes at least two electrodes (14 & 16) having a voltage potential impressed thereacross to generate a region of intense electric field and means to maintain the resulting voltage-current characteristic relationship within a corona discharge region of operation (42).

Abstract: The performance of an engine is improved by forming a magnetic field in a portion of a fuel line leading to the engine and causing fuel to be burned in the engine to traverse and interact with the magnetic field. The magnetic field is formed through use of a magnet which is oriented so that its South pole is adjacent the fuel line and its North pole is spaced apart from the fuel line. The magnet is embedded in a U-shaped body of non-magnetic material which is adopted to fit over the fuel line.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine combustion chamber suitable for electromagnetic stimulation of combustion which has been improved by the addition of combustion chamber periphery extensions (wings) filled with dielectric material. The wing dimensions and filler dielectric material are chosen to allow for specification of the chamber EM resonant frequency, preferably at a frequency in the UHF range (where low cost DC operated devices can be used) and at an industrial allocated frequency. The wing chamber EM resonant modes are further designed to place relatively high electrical currents at the wing tips (which are totally closed surfaces), and low EM currents at the piston-cylinder gaps, thus eliminating the need for EM chokes. The EM feature of the chamber is further improved by shaping the piston face and/or cylinder head face in conjunction with the wing design to further lower the EM operating frequency and improve frequency stability with respect to piston motion about TDC.

Abstract: Method and means are disclosed for stimulating combustion especially of lean mixtures in internal combustion engines. For example, an ultraviolet lamp mounted in the combustion chamber of an engine directs radiation of wavelength exceeding 190 nm on the advancing flame front. The radiation largely passes through the cool unburned mixture and is absorbed in disassociating oxygen molecules in the flame front thereby stimulating combustion of the flame and allowing the burning of exceptionally lean air-fuel mixtures. Numerous features and alternative embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: In combusting fuel in an internal combustion engine with a fuel combustion system having a fuel tank, a fuel injecting system for injecting fuel into a cylinder section and a fuel path for providing fluid communication between the fuel tank and the fuel injecting system, a magnetic field is applied, by means of a magnetic field applying device, to the fuel flowing from the fuel tank to the fuel injecting system through the fuel path. The magnetic field applying device is provided either along the fuel path or in the fuel injecting system.

Abstract: The sonic dispersion system includes a sonic dispersion unit (18) mounted upon a mounting assembly (100,102) and having an active surface (116) with a central apex (120) positioned in spaced relationship to the mounting assembly. Material directing units (92,94) direct material against the active surface so that the material is redirected thereby toward the apex. The sonic dispersion unit (18) may be used in combination with a control system (10) which controls the amount of material provided from two separate material sources (14,34).

Abstract: An improved carburetted internal combustion engine (10) which operates with an extremely lean mixture, without a conventional cooling system, and at an elevated temperature characteristic of an adiabatic engine. The engine uses two ignition sources (20, 21) symmetrically disposed about the center of the cylinder head, and/or a third igniting and microwave coupling means (19) at the center, to achieve extreme lean mixture combustion and relatively fast burn necessary for adiabatic engine operation. The engine incorporates other features to improve its efficiency and emissions, including engine air-throttling through controlled intake valve closure and unconventional valve timing.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for increasing the intensity of the secondary combustion of an internal combustion engine emission, by the injection of fresh air for the purpose of reducing the carbon monoxide content thereof, while simultaneously increasing the carbon dioxide content thereof, while lessening the polluting effects of the emission, and further in which emission heated air is introduced into the engine emission flow to further enhance the intensity of the secondary combustion reaction.

Abstract: A controlled amount of a fluid (steam or water or a solution of water plus additives) is injected into an internal combustion engine to improve combustion, efficiency, and to reduce emissions. The amount of the fluid injected is controlled in response to engine need. The steam is generated by the heat produced by the engine. Combustion gas temperature is used to control the amount of steam produced by varying the fluid flow through one or more fixed or variable orifice control valves. The steam is injected in a piston engine to cool peak temperatures, to prevent detonation and pre-ignition, to smooth out hot spots, to prevent auto-ignition or dieseling, and to use the vapor energy in the expansion cycle to increase low speed torque and acceleration. The steam is used to cause full retard of the vacuum spark advance during acceleration at full load from low speed, and a large amount of steam is injected at this point in the cycle to prevent pre-ignition and detonation.

Abstract: Apparatus for improving fuel utilization efficiency of an internal combustion engine comprises an elongate device for mounting in a liquid fuel line having a plurality of radially spaced longitudinal bores in a solid plastic housing communicating with an inlet and outlet. Aligned magnets are retained in shallow axial cavities at each end of the housing. The device is energized by placement between a pair of electrodes having a high voltage for several hours.

Abstract: A fuel treating device comprises two pairs of magnets, one pair positioned on each inlet for fuel and oxygen so that the incoming fuel is exposed to a magnetic field. Each pair of magnets is positioned diametrically opposed about the inlet line with the south magnetic pole of each magnet placed upstream furthest away from the mixing zone. The magnets are insulated from each other and from the inlet line by nonmagnetic materials, such as Neoprene, which do not disrupt the magnetic field.

Abstract: A control system for maintaining a desired water level range from electrodes spaced thereabove in a layer of oil where alternating current discharge occurs from electrode down to and through water to another electrode, with the electrical discharge occurring between electrodes disposed at all times in the hydrocarbon oil layer. With the situs of reaction being confined to the oil and the interstitial boundry between the oil and water, dangerous conditions of hydrogen generation are generally obviated over most state-of-the-art methods of producing hydrogen with a highly efficient production process. Hydrocarbon gases and vapors are also produced from the oil with a cracking process occuring to some extent incumbant with the A C discharge from the electrodes through the oil to the water. This has also been found to gradually upgrade the quality of the oil remaining while some is at the same time consumed in the system.

Abstract: To prevent signal degradation of a sensing element, which may be a potentiometric or a polarographic sensor, having a reference electrode exposed to ambient air, the reference electrode (22) is placed within a chamber (21) which has included therein granules (39) of a material inert with respect to oxygen and having a surface hardness at least as hard as the reference electrode (22) so that, upon subjection of the sensor, when coupled to the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, to vibrations, shocks and jolts, the granules will move in the chamber, rub against the electrode, and hence keep the electrode surface activated and free from contamination which may have penetrated with ambient air.

Abstract: An ozone production system for use with hydrocarbon fuel apparatus, such as internal combustion engines, to improve the efficiency of combustion and to limit ozone emissions in the exhaust. The system comprises electrode means for the production of ozone arranged in association with the air inlet of an hydrocarbon fuel apparatus, an ozone sensing means associated with the exhaust outlet of the hydrocarbon fuel apparatus, and control means operative in response to an output of the ozone sensing means for supplying electricity to the electrode means for producing ozone at a controlled rate so as to limit the ozone emissions at the exhaust outlet and so as to supply sufficient ozone for complete combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel.

Abstract: An alternating endothermic engine in which by application to the explosive air-fuel mixture of electric charges of the same sign as those applied to the piston, a cavity open towards the piston is formed in the explosive mixture in such a way that, in accordance with the Munroe effect of "hollow charges", an explosive wave is concentrated on the axis of the piston.

Abstract: An inert gas fuel consisting essentially of a precise, homogeneous mixture of helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon. Apparatus for preparing the fuel includes a mixing chamber, tubing to allow movement of each inert gas into and through the various stages of the apparatus, a plurality of electric coils for producing magnetic fields, an ion gauge, ionizers, cathode ray tubes, filters, a polarizer and a high frequency generator. An engine for extracting useful work from the fuel has at least two closed cylinders for fuel, each cylinder being defined by a head and a piston. A plurality of electrodes extend into each chamber, some containing low level radioactive material. The head has a generally concave depression facing a generally semi-toroidal depression in the surface of the piston. The piston is axially movable with respect to the head from a first position to a second position and back, which linear motion is converted to rotary motion by a crankshaft.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel saving device adaptable to all types of carburetors, petrol engines and domestic or industrial burners, constituted by a solenoid generating a magnetic field which has an influence on the air-fuel mixture.Said solenoid has a red copper coil, has its axis oriented in parallel to the axis of the engine, and, periodically, in a first pre-determined direction, during the moon phase which goes from the full moon to the new moon, and in a second, opposite, direction, during the moon phase going from the new moon to the full moon.The invention finds an application in motor engine of low consumption.

Abstract: Vehicle fuel conditioning apparatus is provided for improved combustion of hydrocarbon fuel tending to acquire an electrostatic charge during vehicle tank storage which charge inhibits full atomization of the fuel when mixed with air for combustion, the apparatus comprising magnetic flux means, such as magnet means on the fuel supply line of the vehicle between the fuel storage tank and an air and fuel mixer and atomizer: a plurality of axially extended and preferably annular magnet means; and a bracket maintaining said magnet means paraxial and preferably coaxial with said fuel line, the magnet means defining an axially extended flux condition in hydrocarbon fuel within the fuel line, the flux condition being adapted to strip electrostatic charge from fuel passing therethrough in subsequent fuel atomization facilitating relation, whereby fuel combustion is improved.

Abstract: A controlled amount of a fluid (steam or water or a solution of water plus additives) is injected into an internal combustion engine to improve combustion, efficiency, and to reduce emissions. The amount of the fluid injected is controlled in response to engine need. The steam is generated by the heat produced by the engine. Combustion gas temperature is used to control the amount of steam produced by varying the fluid flow through one or more fixed or variable orifice control valves. The steam is injected in a piston engine to cool peak temperatures, to prevent detonation and pre-ignition, to smooth out hot spots, to prevent auto-ignition or dieseling, and to use the vapor energy in the expansion cycle to increase low speed torque and acceleration. The steam is used to cause full retard of the vacuum spark advance during acceleration at full load from low speed, and a large amount of steam is injected at this point in the cycle to prevent pre-ignition and detonation.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer is provided substantially at the hot spot in an engine manifold for vaporizing the fuel from the carburetor prior to entry of the fuel-air mixture into the cylinders. The transducer comprises a crystal adapted to be vibrated at a high frequency on the order of at least 1,000,000 Hz and a resonator tuned to the frequency of the crystal and operatively secured to the crystal, said transducer having an active surface adapted to be contacted by the fuel for finely vaporizing same. The fine vaporization or gasification of the fuel (gasoline, for example) prior to entry into the cylinders causes a more complete burning of the fuel. As a result, the engine delivers more power with less fuel, while carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions are reduced.In operation, the ultrasonic transducer enhances cold weather startup and operation, eliminates engine flooding, smooths out engine idle, and improves pick up and acceleration by increasing power at low engine RPM.

Abstract: A variable ignition distributor for furnishing a high-voltage spark to a spark plug in a first cylinder and for furnishing a low-voltage spark to a spark plug in a second cylinder. A conventional distributor is modified so that a rotor of the distributor carries an ignition electrode for furnishing high voltage to the spark plug in the first cylinder and a variable electrode carried by the rotor furnishes low voltage to a spark plug in the second cylinder. The low voltage is generated at the same time as the high voltage so that there need be only one terminal connected to the ignition coil. Preferably, the variable electrode is adjustable so that the low voltage charge is furnished as a function of the operating speed of the engine.

Abstract: An ignition system for an internal combustion engine includes an ignition coil system for applying a secondary generated voltage of an ignition coil and a DC high voltage to each of spark plugs and an ignition control circuit for controlling the ignition coil system. The ignition control circuit includes an ignition coil control circuit for energizing and deenergizing the ignition coil and a DC high voltage generating circuit for generating a DC high voltage. The DC high voltage generating circuit generates the DC high voltage from before the secondary generated voltage of the ignition coil causing capacitive discharge at a spark plug to a predetermined time or crank angle after the start of the discharge.

Abstract: An ultrasonic diesel fuel injector comprises an injector body including a means for flowing fuel through the injector body, a check valve located within the means for flowing fuel, and a means for ultrasonically vibrating the check valve.

Abstract: Exhaust pollutants of a vehicle are reduced by providing dry, substantilly moisture-free air which is mixed with the fuel. The conventional air filter is removed and replaced by a housing containing a plurality of sealed glass tubes having inert gas therein which treats the air by subjecting it to ultraviolet rays and additional heat. The air has been initially heated to remove the moisture and subjected to an ultraviolet treatment before it reaches the housing.

Abstract: An electromagnetic fuel saving device for internal combustion engines. The device includes two electromagnetic assemblies and two connectors. Each electromagnetic assembly includes a coil, a spool, an insulating tape, a casing, a core, two studs, and two terminals. The coil is wound around the spool and is covered by the insulating tape. The casing encloses the coil, the spool, and the insulating tape. The core is pivotally mounted within the spool cylinder and extends on either side of the spool. A stud is connected to each end portion of the core. The terminals are connected to the coil and are adapted to be used to operatively connect the coil to a battery. Two electromagnetic assemblies are installed on a fuel line in opposing relationship by aligning them so that they contact the periphery of the fuel line, by connecting them with the two connectors, and by operatively connecting them in parallel to a 12 volt direct current circuit. When so installed, there is a gap between the opposing studs.

Abstract: Precombustor 10 basically comprises electrostatic injector 12, combustion chamber 14, and glow plug 16. The precombustion chamber 14 basically comprises an injector port 40 for housing the electrostatic injector 12, an igniter port 42 for housing the glow plug 16, and a flow passage 44 substantially opposite the injector port 40 for conveying air into the precombustion chamber 14 and combusted gases out from the precombustion chamber 14. The combustion chamber 14 is enhanced by the incorporation of electrical insulation 46 and electrodes 48 along the interior wall of the precombustion chamber 14. The electrostatic fuel injector 12 basically comprises an electroconductive injector body 20 having at least one fuel inlet and at least one fuel outlet, means 22 and 23 for electrically insulating the injector body from the diesel engine, and a means 24 for charging the injector body in a range from about 10,000 to about 100,000 volts.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a hybrid fuel system for an engine which normally operates on fuel such as kerosene, gasoline, propane or the like and is adapted to be used in conjunction with the traditional fuel at selected times during the running of the engine. The system includes an electrolysis chamber provided with a fluid inlet and outlet, a pipe disposed within the chamber to allow the metered dispensing of a portion of the fluid contained within the pipe to an electrolysis area in such a manner that the dissociation of the fluid into its elemental components occurs quite readily. The configuration of the electrolysis area is such that remigration of the elemental components is extremely unlikely, and to this end an angled roof having faces which meet at an area above the pipe cause the elements to be separated and migrate on separate faces of the roof and thereafter to an opening which communicates with a conduit for admission of the elemental components into the engine.

Abstract: Improving the combustion of a fuel by providing negatively charged ions in water to molecularly excite the water, creating an emulsion composed of tiny droplets of the ion charged water coated with fuel oil, and introducing the emulsion of excited fuel coated water droplets with oxidizing gas into a combustion zone.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine has at least one fuel injection valve. An annular or ring-shaped electrode is mounted near the fuel injection valve to encircle the injected fuel. A high voltage generator produces an electric field between the electrode and the fuel injection valve as well as a surrounding wall which are both connected to the ground. Electrified fuel particles are finely atomized and prevented from attaching onto the surrounding wall to improve the operation, starting characteristic, and transient response of the engine.

Abstract: A fuel injector of the invention comprises a plurality of parallel, threadlike tubes for admitting electrostatically charged fuel and an accelerator electrode biased at the opposite potential to that applied to a fuel charging electrode. The fuel admitted through the parallel tubes is atomized at the outlet port of the tubes as a result of electrostatic repulsion between charged particles, and attracted and accelerated by an electrode spaced from the outlet port of the tubes. A control electrode may be provided spaced from the accelerator electrode adjacent to the outlet port of the tubes and biased at a potential with respect to the accelerator electrode much lower than the potential applied across the accelerator and fuel-charging electrodes. By varying the potential at the control electrode, the fuel quantity delivered can effectively be controlled.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection is disclosed which comprises at least one combustion chamber fitted with a fuel injection valve. A charging electrode is disposed in the combustion chamber near the fuel injection valve and is supplied with a high DC voltage from a voltage source so as to charge the particles of fuel injected from the injection valve and thereby to disperse them.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently atomizing fuel for supplemental supply to an internal combustion engine are described wherein the atomized fuel is supplied to the engine in addition to the conventionally carburetted fuel. A portion of the fuel being supplied to a carburetor in a conventional manner is diverted to the system according to the invention and is supplied thereto in a metered fashion. A fuel vapor is produced and is supplied to the engine downstream of the carburetor, as required by the engine; this requirement being indicated by engine vacuum. Vaporization is accomplished in the described embodiment by heat and ultrasonic nebulization.

Abstract: A method of improving in the combustibility of gasoline by injecting oxygen gas into gasoline in the stationary or flowing state under a magnetic field. The gasoline treated by the method has an ability to prolong the running time of an internal combustion engine 3% to 4% longer under the same conditions than the untreated gasoline.

Abstract: A device for disposition in a loop for transporting gaseous material between the crankcase and the intake of the carburetor of an IC engine at a location downstream from the normal disposition of a PCV valve, i.e. on or slightly downstream from the valve cover. The device includes a generally T-shaped body adapted for coupling at opposite sides thereof to a tube in part comprising the gaseous loop. A specific constructional arrangement which applies a magnetic field to the gaseous material passing through the body of the device includes a rod, a disc-shaped electromagnet attached at one end thereof and a permanent magnet in turn affixed to the electromagnet. Spaced from the magnets is an annular metal member. The gaseous materials flowing between the magnets and the annular member are subjected to a magnetic field which enables such gases to be more completely burned in the IC engine so as to both reduce the level of CO and NO.sub.

Abstract: A magnetohydrodynamic generator feeds electrical energy to a six cycle internal combustion engine having pairs of opposed pistons in each cylinder and a three port rotary valve system. A first exhaust port leads the partially combusted gases from one cylinder to the next and a second exhaust port leads the ionized, fully combusted gases to the magnetohydrodynamic generator, where the ionized exhaust gases pass through cryogenic, super-cooled magnetic fields, towards an electron emitter at the output end of the magnetohydrodynamic generator.The passage of the ionized gases through the magnetic fields produces current which is conducted to electrodes on opposed piston faces and to coils in the cylinder walls. The stream of electrodes between opposed piston faces and the coil in the cylinder sets up magnetic fields in the cylinders which isolate the combustion gases from the wall surface of the cylinder.

Abstract: A technique for improving in an internal combustion engine the coupling of microwave energy to the flame-front of a combusting air-fuel mixture plasma, by shaping the combustion chamber so that the latter accommodates the lowest order "spherical re-entrant" microwave mode (the TM.sub.010.sup.sr mode). Such a shape contributes to optimum coupling of microwave energy to the flame-front plasma, since this mode (a) minimizes the microwave frequency and hence the flame-front plasma Q and (b) minimizes the variation of Q with flame-front growth.

Abstract: In the ignition system of the internal combustion engine, a preignition control circuit is further provided. The preignition control circuit includes a high voltage generator which supplies a high voltage to the spark plug to produce a preignition spark between the electrodes of the spark plug. The preignition spark is timed to appear as the engine nearly concludes its suction stroke so that radicals are produced from the air-fuel mixture around the electrodes thereby to ensure reliable ignition and complete burning of the air-fuel mixture.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for igniting a lien air-fuel mixture includes a spark plug having a straight longitudinally extending main electrode and a side electrode disposed adjacent to and electrically insulated from the main electrode.An attraction plug is mounted in the cylinder head at a location offset to one side of and adjacent to the spark plug. The attraction plug includes a straight longitudinally extending central electrode and an insulator which at least partially encases the central electrode for electrically insulating the central electrode and for isolating the portion of the central electrode disposed in the combustion chamber from the atmosphere in the combustion chamber. The central electrode has a longitudinal axis which extends transversely to the longitudinal axis of the main electrode of the spark plug. In addition, the central electrode has an end portion which is disposed adjacent to the main electrode of the spark plug.

Abstract: Electrostatically charged liquid fuel is introduced into a venturi to be atomized therein and is then applied to the combustion chamber of an engine under the control of electrostatic force for properly controlling the air-fuel mixture ratio.

Abstract: An automobile engine is fueled with a mixture of air and a vapor derived by passing electric current through an electrolytically conductive emulsion of gasoline and water. Specific compositions of the conductive emulsions are disclosed as are unique designs for vaporizers for the fuel.

Abstract: A method of fueling an internal combustion engine using explosive dust, characterized by making a slurry of particles of grain dust, jetting said slurry to arrange said particles seriatim, drying said seriatim particles, injecting said dried particles in a series of computer controlled program of successive rasters into said engine, adding dried oxygenated air to said dried injected particles and igniting said rasters of dried dust particles inside said engine to drive the piston.

Abstract: An oil burner with a combustion chamber has a microwave energy source connected to the fuel supply line to heat the fuel and connected to the air supply line to apply an electric field at the nozzle to the fuel spray and the area of combustion in the combustion chamber.