Abstract: A method for forming an oxidized chromium film on the surface of chromium metal in a controlled manner which involves the use of a permanganate solution. The chromium metal film is first subjected to a basic hydrogen peroxide solution. The chromium surface is then removed from the hydrogen peroxide solution and immersed in an aqueous permanganate solution maintained at a temperature less than about 100.degree. C. for a time preferably within 1 to 5 minutes. At this time the chromium film has been oxidized to the desired thickness depending upon the time and temperature at which the surface has been subjected to the solutions. The surface is removed from the permanganate solution and dried. Should additional thickness of chromium oxide films be desired, the surface is intermittently subjected to the permanganate solution and dried to build up the desired thickness of chromium oxide.

Abstract: A method of forming a high-temperature abrasion-resistant hard facing or coating on a ferrous metal substrate by employing an aluminothermic reduction reaction. The resultant article has a hard facing layer containing from 2 to 8 percent boron. Hard faced composite articles made by the invented method, such as sintering machine crash decks, coke pusher ram shoes and grizzly bars are also disclosed.

Abstract: Cold reduced, annealed steel strip and sheet stock having 0.2% yield strength of 45 to 65 ksi with an elongation of at least 25%, or having a yield strength of at least 90 ksi with an elongation of at least 10%. A low carbon steel (0.02-0.10% C) typical of rimmed or drawing steel analysis is preferably vacuum degassed, and 0.02% to 0.18% columbium is added. The casting is hot rolled, coiled not higher than 1300.degree.F, cold reduced 40% to 70%, and annealed at low temperature for a time sufficient to restore desired ductility without substantially decreasing yield strength.

Abstract: Metal surfaces are treated, preferably after phosphating, with a phenol-formaldehyde composition or the like prepared under alkaline conditions, the mole ratio of formaldehyde to phenol being at least about 2:1. The phenol-formaldehyde composition is most often used as an aqueous solution. The treatment is a suitable substitute for the conventional chromate rinse.

Abstract: Methods of coating metal articles to protect them from corrosion, and the products of such methods. Metal articles which have been electroplated with zinc, cadmium, nickel or chromium, or which have been phosphated, are chromated, and coated with a hydrophobic thermosetting polymer, and heated to convert the polymer to a hard, adherent film. Multiple polymer coatings may be applied prior to heat curing, and the corrosion resistance of the coating is thereby vastly improved.

Abstract: Pigments containing a magnesium phosphate as a component of an active pigment to be used in an anti-corrosive paint have been found to be especially useful when the pigment is present in a pigment volume concentration of from 20 to 30%. It has also been discovered that the proportion of magnesium phosphate in the pigment may be relatively low levels while the composition maintains a satisfactory degree of corrosion inhibition.

Abstract: Acidic aqueous coating compositions containing an organic coating-forming material form coatings on metallic surfaces which are immersed therein. The thickness or weight of the coating formed by the coating composition is a function of the time the metallic surface is immersed in the composition. The resulting coatings have adhesion properties thereby providing an adherent base to which other coatings, for example, paint primers and/or final finish paints can be applied.

Abstract: Electrical products formed of silicon steel are provided with a heat resistant electrical insulating coating by suspending particles of an oxide and/or of an hydroxide of earth alkali metal in an aqueous suspension, and adding to the suspension a substance capable of liberating hydroxyl ions which is volatile at a temperature below that at which silicate is formed. Examples of such a substance are ammonia and organic amines. There may also be added to the suspension silicon dioxide particles which are capable of oxidizing silicon to silicon dioxide at temperatures below 1300.degree.C.

Abstract: Costume jewelry is manufactured through photofabrication processes from flat metal sheets to form items such as earrings and small pendants. A standard photo-fabrication operation includes covering a metal sheet with a layer of photosensitive, chemically resistive material commonly referred to as a photoresist. Portions of the covered sheet are exposed to light to outline the earrings and pendants on the sheet. The sheet is then developed and the exosed metal surface portions are chemically etched to remove excess metal and form the earrings and pendants. Thereafter, surface treatments involve supplementary photofabrication operations to provide different colors and finishes on the earrings and pendants by etching, plating and staining the exposed metal surfaces, all of which are supplemented by the retention of portons of photoresist layers of selected colors.

Abstract: Annealing separator for heat treatment of a silicon steel sheet comprising not more than 0.2% SO.sub.3, not more than 0.04% Cl with the balance being MgO and unavoidable impurities, and having a bulk density between 0.18 and 0.30 g/cm.sup.3, and a particle size distribution of 40 to 70% of particles not larger than 3.mu.m, 10 to 25% of particles not smaller than 10.mu.m, not more than 15% of coarse particles larger than 15.mu.m with the balance being intermediate particles between 3.mu.m and 10.mu.m.

Abstract: A coating composition containing 75-95% MgO, 2-10% B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 0-15% C, which is effective in retarding oxidation of ferrous metal articles, especially at temperatures in excess of 2150.degree.F. Additional protection is achieved when about 11-17% TiO.sub.2 is substituted for about the same amount of MgO. The composition is admixed with a suitable vehicle and is applied to the metal surface in the form of a dispersion, suspension or as a slurry.

Abstract: Coatings for silicon steel comprised of MgO, an amorphous magnesia-silica complex and a boron bearing compound.

Abstract: An improved gold diffusion coated shaped copper alloy article is provided by forming a copper alloy with chemical composition in the range 1 to 10% of aluminum and/or 0 to 10% of tin and optionally from 0 to 5% of free machining additives such as lead, selenium, tellurium, silicon, or others, remainder copper, into a desired shape and heating the shaped article to a temperature of from 700.degree.C to 900.degree.C and thereafter quenching the article at a controlled rate either in a gas or liquid quenchant. The shaped and hardened article is then galvanically coated with a layer of gold or gold alloy from 1 to 5 microns thick, and the gold coating diffused into the hardened copper alloy body by heating at a temperature from 400.degree.C to 900.degree.C for from less than one minute to 30 minutes, thereby diffusing the gold into the hardened base copper alloy. The process is particularly useful in forming watch bezels.

Abstract: A method of producing a laminate having high bond strength and excellent resistance to acid undercutting comprising oxidizing copper or its alloys to form an oxide film, applying a phosphoric acid solution to the oxide film, rinsing, drying, and adhesively laminating to a plastic film. The instant case also teaches a method of producing high tarnish resistance on copper and its alloys by so oxidizing and phosphating and further teaches a flexible printed circuit wherein the unwanted copper portion of the formed laminate is etched away, characterized by high peel strength and substantially no acid undercutting of the formed circuitry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a zinc dust primer system which renders possible a mass production working of metal sheets by noncutting processes. The said primer system consists of a lower or bottom layer containing the actual zinc dust primer, and a covering layer containing a substance promoting sliding and a binder. A suitable substance promoting sliding is, in particular, graphite. The system of the invention is especially applicable in the automobile, shipbuilding and packing industries and in the construction of steel furniture. It is of special interest in the case of the coil-coating process.

Abstract: Low temperature aluminum diffusion is of better quality when effected with a pack energized by aluminum chloride or other material that does not generate nitrogen and is shielded from contacting the work pieces until after the pack is heated to energizing temperatures. The resulting aluminizing very effectively protects steels against corrosion in marine atmospheres, particularly when there is a chromate-type coating applied over the aluminizing. Highly effective chromate-type coating mixture consists essentially of aqueous solution of chromic and phosphoric acid also containing magnesium salts of said acids with or without dispersed polytetrafluoroethylene particles. The salts of divalent metals such as calcium, zinc, strontium, manganese, cobalt and nickel whose chromates are soluble in acid, can be used instead of or in addition to the magnesium. Such coating mixture is best applied over porous pre-coating of colloidal inert particles.

Abstract: A process for coating an aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising the steps of subjecting the aluminum or aluminum alloy to boehmite treatment or chemical conversion treatment, anodizing the resulting aluminum or aluminum alloy in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble salt of at least one oxyacid, and thereafter coating the aluminum or aluminum alloy with an organic coating composition to form a resin layer, said oxyacid being at least one oxyacid selected from the group consisting of silicic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, molybdic acid, vanadic acid, permanganic acid, stannic acid and tungstic acid.

Abstract: Coatings for silicon steel comprised of MgO, an amorphous magnesia-silica complex and a boron bearing compound.

Abstract: A method for treating metals and metal surfaces is disclosed. The method includes the use of a plasma gas generated by an induction plasma system. In one embodiment, a cutting tool, such as a saw blade or razor blade is passed into contact with the plasma to produce an extremely hard blade surface. The method includes stabilization of the plasma prior to use, and the electrical insulating of metallic parts of the treating equipment in order to prevent arcing. Very high feed speeds may be employed, up to 150 feet per minute.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing austenitic ferrous alloys containing from 21-45% manganese and from 10-30% chromium by exposing the alloys in solid form to nitrogen or nitrogen compounds at a temperature of at least 1700.degree.F for a time period sufficient to raise the nitrogen content of at least the surface of the alloy to at least 0.85%.

Abstract: Method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet or strip having uniform magnetic and film properties said method comprising applying an annealing separator containing one or more metal nitrides, such as, chromium nitride, titanium nitride and vanadium nitride to the steel sheet and annealing the steel sheet at a temperature not lower than 1,100.degree.C.

Abstract: Coatings for silicon steel comprised of MgO, an amorphous magnesia-silica complex and a lithium bearing compound.

Abstract: A two-component blank suitable for minting into a coin is described. The blank consists of a low-carbon steel core completely encased in nickel. The blank has magnetic properties sufficiently similar to a solid nickel coin of the same size that the minted blank is accepted by magnetic property testing coin discriminating devices which accept pure nickel coins.

Abstract: An electrostatographic developer mixture comprising finely-divided toner particles electrostatically adhering to the surface of highly shape-classified low carbon hypereutectoid steel carrier particles, the steel carrier particles comprising carrier cores having a composition comprising about 95.0 to 99.0 parts iron, 0.1 to 2.0 parts carbon, 0.5 to 2.0 parts manganese, 0.5 to 2.0 parts silicon, 0.03 to 0.1 parts aluminum, 0.01 to 0.05 parts phosphorus, and 0.02 to 0.05 parts sulphur, said carrier cores having been heat treated to a tempered martensitic microstructure with an average hardness of 40-55 Rockwell C and then overcoated with a coating material capable of electrostatically releasing toner particles adhered thereto to an electrostatic latent image. Processes of employing said developer mixture in electrostatographic imaging systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy of age-hardening type indispensably containing copper, magnesium and silicon, being optionally added thereto traces of any one or more than one element selected from vanadium, manganese, chromium, zirconium and titanium.A sheet or strip made from said alloy ingot, being submitted to solution treatment followed by precipitation process can improve forming properties, such as tensile strength, LDR and/or earing ratio, and be free from stretcher-strain marks.Said sheet or strip maintains high strength particularly when it is submitted to baking i.e. high temperature curing of paint coated thereon.

Abstract: Copper and copper alloys are prevented from rust by surface-treating the copper and copper alloys with at least one compound selected from the class consisting of alkylimidazoles represented by the following formula: ##SPC1##Wherein R is a long straight chain alkyl group of 5-21 carbon atoms and R' is hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and their acid addition salts. The compound is used as it is, or in a solution, by dipping, spraying, coating or directly contacting with copper or copper alloy. The surface -treated copper and copper alloy can well withstand tarnishing in an atmosphere containing sulfur compound gas.

Abstract: Magnesium oxide coating compositions, process for their preparation and process for applying said compositions as adherent dried coatings which when annealed form relatively non-porous insulations providing improved electrical insulating properties. The coating compositions comprise a major proportion of magnesium oxide and a minor proportion of zinc permanganate and magnesium sulfate, wherein the concentration of zinc permanganate is from about 4 to about 16 parts per 100 parts of magnesium oxide and the concentration of magnesium sulfate is at least about 50 parts per 100 parts of zinc permanganate.

Abstract: A method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet showing super low watt loss, comprising making a silicon steel ingot containing 2.5 to 4.0% of Si, subjecting the ingot treatments including hot rolling, annealing and at least one cold rolling to obtain a final size, subjecting the steel to decarburization annealing and a finishing annealing which completes secondary recrystallization, subjecting the steel to remove surface product and then subjecting the steel to chemical polishing or electrolytic polishing to polish the steel surface to mirror condition.

Abstract: A process is described in which an iron-silicon alloy capable of being heat treated to produce a cube-on-edge (110) [001] grain orientation is treated to produce improved core losses when the material is under high operating inductions. The process steps include cleaning the surface of the steel of finish gauge thickness, applying a coating to the surface of the steel which is non-reactive with the surface and promotes decarburization, heating to a temperature sufficiently high to effect secondary recrystallization texture development and decarburization and cooling to room temperature. Data are included which demonstrate the improved core losses exhibited by these materials so treated when tested at high operating inductions.

Abstract: A highly adhesive and uniform insulating glass film can be formed on surfaces of an oriented silicon steel sheet by pickling a finally cold rolled silicon steel strip just before a decarburizing annealing, and successively subjecting the pickled steel strip to the decarburizing annealing, an application of an annealing separator and a final annealing at a high temperature.

Abstract: Coatings for silicon steel comprised of MgO, an amorphous magnesia-silica complex and a lithium bearing compound.

Abstract: Novel amorphous magnesia-silica complexes containing from about 0.001 to 2.0 percent by weight of an alkali metal oxide, wherein the mole ratio of MgO:SiO.sub.2 of said complexes is from about 1:25 to 14:1.

Abstract: An insulating glass film having an excellent uniformity and a high adhesion to a grain-oriented silicon steel sheet having a high magnetic induction is formed by annealing a coil of a cold rolled silicon steel sheet having a final gauge in an annealing furnace under a non-oxidizing and non-reducing neutral inert gas, such as nitrogen or argon at a constant temperature keeping stage of 800.degree.-920.degree.C and then under dry hydrogen at a temperature of 1,000.degree.-1,200.degree.C in the final annealing stage.

Abstract: A steel object, such as sheet and strip for motors, is provided with a heat-resistant, electrically insulating coating in the form of a layer of calcium titanate. An intermediate layer of silicate may be provided between the steel surface of the object and the layer of titanate. The intermediate layer is preferably a silicate of one or more alkaline earth metals or of aluminum, and especially a silicate of magnesium.The coating of calcium titanate may also contain a vanadium compound. Likewise, a layer of phosphate may be provided on the outside of the layer of titanate.

Abstract: Relative sliding members comprising as materials in combination a nitrified sintered alloy and an alloy cast iron, chemical components of which are well selected in percentage so as to provide better wear resistance and machinability.