Abstract: In a continuous process of phosphating ferrous metal surfaces using an acidic zinc phosphate solution comprising chlorate and optionally nitrate ions, ferrous ion is maintained at low concentration by controlled addition of a rapid acting oxidant, for example nitrite ion.

Abstract: A powder magnetic material for use as a magnetic recording medium and a method of its manufacture are disclosed. More particularly, the disclosed powder magnetic material is adapted to provide a magnetic recording medium of low electric resistance. In particular, an alloy of cobalt and at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, molybdenum, copper, manganese, nickel, zinc and iron is deposited onto the surface of particles of magnetic iron oxides such as Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 or .gamma.Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 to provide a powdered magnetic material of high coercivity, high magnetic flux density and low electric resistance.

Abstract: A process is provided for the pack diffusion coating of ferrous metal articles with aluminum, wherein a small but effective amount of an energizer, aluminum chloride, is employed associated with a small but effective amount of a halide selected from the group consisting of an ammonium halide and an anhydrous metal chloride mixed in a pack containing particulate aluminum metal mixed with an inert material, e.g. refractory oxide, in which the ferrous article to be coated is embedded, the process being characterized by the fact that substantial outgassing of aluminum chloride is inhibited during the coating process by controlling in combination the total amount of halides employed not to exceed about 1 - 1/2% of the pack.

Abstract: The properties of black chromate coatings on zinc and cadmium metal substrates are improved by treating the coating with an aqueous solution of sodium thiosulphate, sodium thioglycolate or thio urea. Treatment of the black chromate coating ensures that light fastness and corrosion resistance are reliably obtained.

Abstract: Portions of the surface area of metal workpieces are insulated in thermochemical treatment by covering the areas with a self-adhering textile tape having metal powder embedded in its adhesive layer.

Abstract: Topcoat adhesion is now increased for coatings applied over a solvent phosphatized metallic surface. The phosphatized surface is obtained from a composition that can contain methylene chloride, as well as water in minor amount, and yet maintain a continuous and homogeneous liquid phase. Resulting phosphatized metallic surfaces are often topcoated. By adjusting the constituency of the phosphatizing composition, such as by augmenting the water content, topcoat adhesion can be markedly enhanced.

Abstract: A method of providing improved corrosion resistance to coated metal substrates is disclosed. The process of the invention involves a passivating pretreatment with an onium salt before coating. The invention is particularly effective with ferrous metal substrates.

Abstract: A refractory oxide ceramic is chemically bonded to a metal by disposing the surfaces to be joined in an abutting relationship and heating at least the abutting surfaces in air to a temperature below the melting point of the lowest melting component of the system, the temperature being sufficient to cause a chemical reaction between the ceramic oxide and the metal thereby forming a bond between the two abutting surfaces.

Abstract: In a Zn-ion based acidic galvanizing bath containing at least one additive selected from the group consisting of:______________________________________ (a) Cr.sup.3.sup.+ 50 - 700 ppm, (b) Cr.sup.6.sup.+ 50 - 500 ppm, (c) Cr.sup.3.sup.+ and Cr.sup.6.sup.+ 50 - 700 ppm, in which Cr.sup.6.sup.+ being 500 ppm at the maximum, (d) In ion 10 - 3,000 ppm, and (e) Zr ion 10 - 2,500 ppm; and: (f) Co ion 50 - 10,000 ppm, ______________________________________A steel sheet is subjected to an electro-galvanizing treatment to form a first galvanizing layer on the surface thereof; and then, said electro-galvanized steel sheet with said first galvanizing layer formed thereon to a conventional chromate treatment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of carbonitriding an iron-containing article. The method comprises the steps of subjecting the article to a carbonitriding atmosphere which atmosphere contains ammonia and an oxygen-containing organic solvent. The ratio of the oxygen atoms to the carbon atoms in the solvent is from about 0.5 to 1.5; and maintaining the article in the carbonitriding atmosphere until at least the surface of the article has increased its carbon and nitrogen content a predetermined amount.Inasmuch as the carbonitriding treatment of the instant invention has a propensity to produce "HCN" which is well-known noxious gas, as well as NH.sub.3 and CO, it is also within the method of the instant invention to mix the gases used initially to contact the iron-containing article with a fuel gas and remove such a mixture of gases from the furnace where the mixture is subsequently burned thereby decomposing and detoxifying the HCN contained in the exhaust gas.

Abstract: An improved steel substrate for preparing chromized steel, the substrate consisting essentially of a flat rolled plain low carbon columbium treated steel initially having a total carbon content of at least 0.03% and containing about 0.03-0.15% columbium. The steel substrate is the flat rolled product of the solidification of molten steel having the above composition. The carbon content of the steel substrate is partially stabilized whereby a controlled portion of the carbon is free to diffuse upon heating to an elevated chromizing temperature. The carbon content which is free to diffuse, the columbium content, and the thickness of the substrate are carefully correlated whereby the overall quality of the chromized product prepared therefrom may be controlled and maintained at optimum levels. The invention further provides the improved chromized steel products prepared thereby.

Abstract: A pretreatment of cold-rolled steel sheet for annealing so as to suppress graphite formation on the surface thereof and nitrogenization during the annealing for recrystallization, by causing an effective amount of sulfur, aluminum, tin, arsenic, lead, antimony, bismuth, selenium, and/or tellurium to exist on the steel sheet surface.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel having excellent galling resistance by reason of a silicon-containing surface oxide film and a high work hardening rate, good wear resistance, good corrosion resistance in chloride-containing environmets, and excellent oxidation resistance, containing 10% to 25% chromium, 3% to 15% nickel, 6% to 16% manganese, 2% to 7% silicon, 0.001% to 0.25% carbon, 0.001% to 0.4% nitrogen, and balance iron except for incidental impurities. Up to 4% molybdenum, up to 4% copper, 0.09% maximum phosphorus, up to 0.25% maximum sulfur and up to 0.50% maximum selenium may be present. The steel is readily workable on ordinary equipment into plate, sheet, strip, bar, rod and like wrought products.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy consising essentially of 0.65 to 0.75% by weight of magnesium and 0.50 to 0.60% by weight of silicon or 0.47 to 0.57% by weight of magnesium and 0.75 to 0.85% by weight of silicon, 0.15% to 0.25% by weight of iron, less than 0.05% of an impurity selected from the group consisting of copper, manganese, zinc, chromium, and titanium and the balance aluminum, the aluminum alloy being subjected to aging treatment at a temperature below 200.degree. C for 20 to 50 minutes to obtain 0.2% proof stress larger than 11 kg/mm.sup.2, ultimate tensile strength larger than 20 kg/mm.sup.2 and elongation more than 8%. Aluminum alloy shapes are formed of the above aluminum alloy by extrusion forming of the aluminum alloy to obtain an extrusion, coating a film on the surface of the extrusion with a water-soluble paint after forming thereon a ground film, heating the extrusion at a temperature below 200.degree.

Abstract: A composite zinc-aluminum dispersion plated steel sheet and a method of producing same are disclosed. The plated steel sheet comprises an electrolytical zinc plated layer containing 1.5 to 70% by weight of aluminum dispersed therein. The method comprises adding aluminum powder to an electrolytical zinc plating bath composition, dispersing the aluminum powder into the plating bath to provide a composite zinc-aluminum dispersion plating bath, and electrolytical treating a steel sheet in the composite zinc-aluminum dispersion plating bath while agitating it. The plated steel sheet enhances corrosion resistances and does not show any spangles which impair the appearances after subsequent painting of the plated steel sheet.

Abstract: To carburize the inner surface of hollow, narrow work pieces, such as valve seats in blind bores, and avoid the use of salt baths which have residues containing Prussic acid, a mandrel is made fitting with little clearance in the order of 0.1 mm into the blind bore, and having a carbon content in the range in which carbon is yielded which is higher than the carbon content of the work piece to be carburized, the mandrel or carburizing element having a surface which fits or matches the surface of the work piece with the clearance. The work piece and the carburizing element are heated to carburizing, incandescent temperature and the carburizing element is removed from the work piece after carburizing thereof.

Abstract: A triple coated cemented hard metal carbide product in which a cemented metal carbide substrate is coated with, first, a metal carbide coating, in such a manner so as to create a carbon deficient area in the substrate, then, a metal carbo-nitride and, finally, a metal nitride coating so as to take advantage of the metal carbide and metal nitride properties in order to protect the cemented metal carbide substrate from corrosive atmospheres and abrasion due to frictional wear.

Abstract: A process for producing grain-oriented silicon steel, and the steel produced thereby. The process includes the steps of: preparing a melt of silicon steel; casting the steel; hot rolling the steel; cold rolling the steel; decarburizing the steel; final texture annealing the steel; coating the steel with an aqueous solution comprised of from 4 to 30% of phosphate ion, up to 6% magnesium ion, 5 to 34% colloidal silica and 0.15 to 6% hexavalent chromium; and curing the coated steel at a temperature of at least 1200.degree. F.

Abstract: A metallic surface is coated with a polymeric resinous coating by immersing the surface in an acidic aqueous coating composition comprising polymeric resinous coating-forming material and an oxidizing agent. The corrosion resistance and/or the surface appearance of the resinous coating is modified by rinsing the coating with an aqueous rinse solution containing hexavalent chromium or an aqueous rinse solution containing hexavalent chromium and reduced forms of chromium.

Abstract: Nitrided cutting tool materials having excellent wear and abrasion resistance. Such materials consist essentially of an alloy base of (a) one or more metals of the group columbium and vanadium and sometimes tantalum; (b) hafnium; (c) one or more metals of the group molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium and chromium; and (d) optionally titanium and/or zirconium, all in amounts by weight as are set out in this specification. These alloys are formable to shape and are then nitrided to produce a nitrided gradient in a high hardness surface zone.

Abstract: A process for treating the surfaces of a titanium or titanium alloy article which comprises immersing the titanium article in an aqueous solution of ammonium phosphate and then oxidizing the surface by heating the coated article at a temperature of about 800.degree. F for about 20 hours.

Abstract: An enameling cold rolled steel sheet with a high enamel adhesive property which requires no pickling step before enameling, characterized by an Mn content kept within 0.05 to 0.20%, and the relation between the surface roughness and the Mn content of said steel sheet satisfying at least one of the following two equations:(a) Number of peaks of 1.3.mu. and over/inch .gtoreq. 1,200.sup.. (Mn% - 0.1)(b) R.sub.z (.mu.) .gtoreq. 60.sup.. (Mn% - 0.

Abstract: Improved adherence of oxide coatings on cemented carbide substrate containing tungsten and cobalt is attained by forming on the substrate a coating selected from carbide, nitride, carbonitride and mixtures thereof, diffusing tungsten and cobalt from the substrate into the coating, oxidizing said coating, and coating said oxidized coating with oxide wear layer.

Abstract: Resistance of iron, iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloys to corrosive attack by sulfur compounds at temperatures above 500.degree. F. is improved by pretreating the metal under controlled conditions to form an extremely thin submicroscopic oxide film which serves as a corrosion resistant barrier.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for treating aluminum wherein the surface is contacted with a solution containing phosphate, a tannin, titanium and fluoride prior to inking or lacquering. The process produces a coating exhibiting adhesion, color and corrosion resistance comparable to that obtained via conventional chromium-based processes without creating the pollution problems of chromium disposal.

Abstract: A process is provided for coating a ferrous metal article, e.g. steel or iron, with a corrosion resistant surface layer comprising first coating said article with a layer of nickel and/or cobalt, heating said coated article for a time less than 45 minutes at a temperature in excess of 725.degree. C and then applying to said first metal layer an additional layer of at least one of the metals selected from the group consisting of chromium, tin, lead, zinc, copper and cadmium.

Abstract: A case-hardened, corrosion-resistant steel article is provided which comprises, applying a coating of nickel and/or cobalt to the surface of the article and then subjecting said coated article to carburization by heating said coated article to and maintaining it at an austenitic temperature under carburizing conditions for a time sufficient to effect carbon diffusion into the surface of the steel article. The corrosion resistance of the steel may be further enhanced by applying a thin layer of a final metal coat selected from the group consisting of Cr, Sn, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an improved method of finishing a steel article having a carburized and boronized case. The article is carburized to a selected depth then finished to a smoothness which is smoother than the desired final finish. The article is then boronized, hardened and tempered. Further finishing is unnecessary.

Abstract: A liquid composition, containing methylene chloride, can provide phosphate coatings on metal articles. In addition to the methylene chloride, the composition contains a phosphatizing proportion of phosphoric acid and a solubilizing solvent capable of solubilizing phosphoric acid in methylene chloride. Most critically, the composition contains water in an amount exceeding the proportion of phosphoric acid, yet, the water-containing liquid composition maintains liquid phase homogeneity. Phosphatized coatings of desirable water insolubility are thereby obtained.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy with freely-machinable or free-cutting properties and corrosion resistance consists essentially of aluminum, copper, magnesium, tin, lead, and silicon and optionally further contains small amounts of any one or more of the elements selected from chromium, manganese, titanium, vanadium and zirconium. This alloy has the property for preventing peeling-off of an anodically oxidized surface layer after being heated at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: Electrical device having a metal surface to at least a portion of which electrical connections are to be made by soldering, and having a coating on said portion which protects it against surface alteration which would tend to render such soldering more difficult but through which coating soldering can be effected, said coating comprising a polymer of at least one methacrylate of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group comprising alkyl radicals having from 1-6 carbon atoms and a glycidyl radical.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for improving the hydrolytic stability of the adhesive bond between an RFL type organic adhesive and the steel reinforcing element in steel-rubber composite articles. This is accomplished by a pre-treatment of the steel surface before it is coated with the organic adhesive. The pre-treatment is conducted in a continuous operation which includes the sequential steps of: (1) cleaning the metal surface by a vapor degreasing method or by immersion in a detergent containing aqueous bath followed by a hot water rinse; (2) coating the surface with a crystalline or microcrystalline zinc phosphate; (3) rinsing the phosphated steel surface with water; (4) subjecting the phosphated surface to a chromate or chromic acid rinse; (5) rinsing again with deionized water; and finally (6) drying the steel reinforcing element.

Abstract: Insulative coatings for electrical steels and methods of making them. The coatings are hard, glassy and smooth in nature, are easily cured and improve the magnetic characteristics of the electrical steels. The coatings are produced by applying to an electrical steel an aluminum-magnesium-phosphate solution containing Al.sup.+.sup.+.sup.+, Mg.sup.+.sup.+ and H.sub.2 PO.sub.4.sup.- in a specified relative relationship and from 0 to 60% by weight colloidal silica on a water-free basis. The solutions contain at least 45% by weight water. Chromic anhydride (CrO.sub.3) may be added to the coating solutions to improve wettability of the solutions, moisture resistance of the resulting coatings and interlaminar resistivity after stress relief anneal. An electrical steel coated with a solution of the present invention is thereafter subjected to a heat treatment to cure the insulative coating thereon.

Abstract: A metallic article is provided with improved resistance to high temperature environmental conditions through the inclusion of about 0.1-10 weight percent Hf in an article surface, such as through coating. A method for providing such a coating includes application of the Hf alone or in combination with other surface protective means. Application of Hf can occur before, during or after use of such protective means.

Abstract: A container for a solution containing heteropolyacid ions, at least that surface of the container which makes contact with the solution containing heteropolyacid ions selected from the group consisting of silicotungstic acid, borotungstic acid, phosphotungstic acid, silicomolybdic acid and phosphomolybdic acid and being made of an alloy comprising 2 to 7% by weight of nickel, 19 to 27% by weight of chromium, not more than 0.5% by weight of carbon and the remainder being iron and minor elements.

Abstract: A metallurgical composition especially suitable for use as a hardfacing to increase the wear resistance of manufactured articles, such as for example tool joints used in earth drilling operations. This composition has cemented tungsten carbide particles dispersed in a matrix of air hardening alloy steel. Included in the alloy steel are carbon, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium. For weldability, manganese and silicon are added. Also disclosed are suitable ranges of proportions of constituents.

Abstract: Porous, adhesion-promoting oxide coatings are formed on titanium by anodizing in an aqueous solution containing fluoride ion and one or more oxidizing electrolytes at current densities of from 0.25 to 5 amp./ft..sup.2.

Abstract: A coated steel product, namely, a cutting instrument such as a band saw blade, in which the body of the blade is of steel, the tooth tip is of impulse hardened steel and the tip is covered with a coating of titanium carbide or refractory metal carbide, the coating metal or compound having been deposited by ion plating onto the surface of the tip. The process through which the cutting tool is produced includes preshaping and sharpening the tool, then ion cleaning the tips, bombarding the tips with ions of the titanium or refractory metal followed by reacting the titanium or refractory metal with a carbon containing chemical or their carbides and then simultaneously subjecting both the coating and the steel tip to a magnetic flux for impulse hardening primarily the steel tip. Other coatings of metal carbides, nitrides, borides and metal compounds are described.

Abstract: A superconductor having an equiaxed fine grain beta-tungsten crystalline structure found to have improved high field critical current densities is prepared by sputter-depositing superconductive material onto a substrate cooled to below 200.degree. C. and heat-treating the deposited material.

Abstract: Disclosed is an acid, aqueous metal surface treating composition comprising chromium phosphate, chromic acid, a phosphate ion providing compound and a polyvinyl alcohol polymer hydrolyzed to at least 99%. Also present is a phosphate of a water soluble amine.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method of increasing the corrosion resistance and improving the organic coating characteristics of cold rolled flat steel. In practicing the method, cold rolled flat steel in the as rolled condition having iron oxide and thermally degradable rolling oil on the surface thereof is heat treated at a tempterature sufficiently elevated to thermally degrade the rolling oil. The surface of the cold rolled steel has a relatively low corrosion resistance and relatively poor organic coating characteristics initially, and the heat treatment is continued until the corrosion resistance and the organic coating characteristics of the resulting heat treated steel are improved. Thereafter the heat treated steel is cooled to a temperature sufficiently low to prevent further thermal degradation of the rolling oil and produce a residual film on the heat treated steel surface which imparts corrosion resistance and improved organic coating characteristics.

Abstract: Process for producing grain-oriented electric steel sheets having a remarkably improved magnetic flux density, comprising hot rolling silicon steel material containing 0.025 to 0.085% C, 2.0 to 4.0% Si, 0.010 to 0.065% acid soluble Al, continuously annealing the steel at a high temperature between 950.degree. and 1200.degree.C before a final strong cold rolling, rapidly cooling the steel to precipitate AlN, cold rolling the steel by a one-step or two-step cold rolling including a final strong cold rolling with a reduction rate range of 81 to 95% into the final thickness, coating a separating agent on the sheet after a decarburization annealing, and subjecting the sheet to a final annealing to obtain a grain-oriented electric steel sheet having excellent excitation characteristics and B.sub.8 characteristics of at least more than 1.90 Wb/m.sup.2, said separating agent containing 0.1 to 15% of antimony or an antimony-containing compound.

Abstract: Aluminum substrates are provided having a coating of particulate material bound thereto by means of an in situ formed binder of aluminum hydroxyoxide. The coated aluminum constructions have utility in imaging and reproduction processes (e.g., as printing plates, as electrographic elements, etc.), as magnetic recording surfaces, controlled roughness surfaces, decorative panels, protective surfaces, etc.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing chromized steel using a substrate which consists essentially of a flat rolled plain low carbon columbium treated steel initially having a total carbon content of at least 0.03% and containing about 0.03-0.15% columbium. The steel substrate is the flat rolled product of the solidification of molten steel having the above composition. The carbon content of the steel substrate is partially stabilized whereby a controlled portion of the carbon is free to diffuse upon heating to an elevated chromizing temperature. The carbon content which is free to diffuse, the columbium content, and the thickness of the substrate are carefully correlated whereby the overall quality of the chromized product prepared therefrom may be controlled and maintained at optimum levels. The invention further provides the improved chromized steel products prepared thereby.

Abstract: A boiler tube and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed in which an inner surface of the boiler tube used in the center of a high-temperature, high-pressure boiler is formed with a spinel layer consisting of an oxide of iron, chromium and nickel, which is exposed. The specific method of the manufacture is that after the boiler tube is brought into contact with high temperature steam, a magnetic iron (Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4) layer produced on the inner surface is removed.

Abstract: A heat treatment of nine percent nickel steel including carburizing, double normalizing, tempering, subcooling and then tempering to provide a steel having useful mechanical properties at extremely low temperatures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite coating for wear surfaces comprising a layer of vapor deposited titanium nitride overlying a layer of titanium carbide. The composite coating is formed by successive chemical vapor depositions of titanium carbide and titanium nitride on a heated substrate.

Abstract: A firmly adherent black oxide coating for chromium-containing martensitic and ferritic stainless steel substrates, particularly windshield wiper blade assemblies, consisting essentially of (Fe,Cr).sub.2 O.sub.3 and Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4.

Abstract: The friction surface of a cast iron side wall member for a rotary piston engine is hardened by iontriding in an electrical glow discharge in a gas atmosphere containing nitrogen, after coating the areas not to be hardened, to inhibit glow discharge at those areas.

Abstract: A sintered hard metal body (e.g., a cutting insert) is provided as to wear resistance by depositing thereon an intermediate thin coating of a metallic carbide or metallic nitride free from binder metal and applying over this intermediate coating a thin ceramic coating free from binder metal.