Abstract: A steel wire is formed of a steel containing: not less than 0.6 mass % and not more than 0.7 mass % carbon, not less than 1.2 mass % and not more than 2.1 mass % silicon, not less than 0.2 mass % and not more than 0.6 mass % manganese, not less than 1.4 mass % and not more than 2 mass % chromium, and not less than 0.15 mass % and not more than 0.3 mass % vanadium, with the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities. The steel includes a matrix made up of tempered martensite, and a non-metallic inclusion present in the matrix. When ?area of the non-metallic inclusion is represented as H1 and ?area of a region including both the non-metallic inclusion and a decreased-hardness portion is represented as H2, a ratio of H2 to H1, or, H2/H1 is at least 1 and less than 1.3.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining whether post-weld heat treatments should be required for external attachment welds in applications where stress corrosion cracking is a possibility. According to the method, residual stress values are measured in test samples welded at high input heat levels and test samples welded at low input heat levels for a variety of different wall thickness. A threshold residual stress level is determined according to a method of selecting a common pipe used in industry and measuring the residual stress level in the longitudinal seam of the pipe. The measured residual stress values for the high and low heat input welds are compared against the threshold to determine whether for a particular wall thickness, the high and low input data exceeds the threshold, indicating whether post-weld heat treatments are required.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are approaches of forming a component, such as a valve, for a medical device. One approach includes providing a cylinder within a tube, the tube and the cylinder joined together in an interference fit, and annealing the tube and the cylinder, wherein the tube and the cylinder are no longer joined together in the interference fit following the annealing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous thermal treatment line for a steel strip. The strip passes through consecutive thermal treatment chambers, is quickly cooled in at least one of the chambers by spraying liquid onto the strip, or by spraying a fluid made up of gas and liquid or spraying a combination of gas and liquid forming a mist. After quick cooling, a protective metal layer is deposited on the strip by dip coating. The cooling fluid strips iron oxides or other alloy elements contained in the steel to be treated, minimizing oxidation and reducing the oxides on the strip. Spray pressure and distance are chosen to facilitate the stripping property and the mechanical action of the sprayed fluid, reducing the layer of oxides on the strip. The temperature of the strip at the end of the cooling step is the temperature necessary for carrying out the desired treatment cycle.

Abstract: A method for detecting status information about a track pin of a track chain for heavy equipment includes disposing a track pin sensor within a void of the track pin; sensing with the track pin sensor a temperature characteristic of the track pin; determining status information based on the temperature characteristic; and wirelessly communicating the status information to a remote device. A method for detecting status information about a mechanical system that generates heat energy includes generating electrical energy based on the heat energy; providing the electrical energy to a control unit; sensing with the control unit a temperature characteristic of the mechanical system based on a voltage of the electrical energy; determining status information of the mechanical system based on the temperature characteristic; and wirelessly communicating the status information to a remote device.

Abstract: A continuous annealing furnace for annealing steel strips has a reaction chamber wherein the steel strips are transported vertically, the reaction chamber having openings supplied with a reactant, also called reactant openings, located at the top or at the bottom of the reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber further has other openings supplied with an inert gas, also called inert gas openings, the inert gas openings being located on the lateral sides of the reaction chamber.

Abstract: An intermediate case (IMC) for use in a compressor section of a gas turbine engine includes a bleed duct and an IMC centerbody. The bleed duct is formed via sand casting. The IMC centerbody is formed via investment casting and is fixedly attached to the bleed duct.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a high-strength galvannealed steel sheet having excellent coating adhesiveness and corrosion resistance whose base material is a high-strength steel sheet containing Si and Mn. The method includes performing an oxidation treatment on a steel sheet including Si and Mn in a first zone having an atmosphere of an oxygen concentration in the range of more than 0 vol % and less than 1 vol %, thereafter performing an oxidation treatment in a second zone having an atmosphere of an oxygen concentration in the range of 1 vol % or more, thereafter performing reduction annealing and galvanizing, and further performing an alloying treatment by heating the galvanized steel sheet.

Abstract: A method for post-weld heat treatment of a without a filler material welded high strength component made of a gamma prime (??) strengthened superalloy can include providing the welded component, heating the welded component by applying a rapid heating-up rate in the range of 20° C./min to 40° C./min during the entire temperature range from room temperature (RT) up to a temperature T1 of at least 1000° C., holding the welded component at T1 and then heating the component by applying a slow heating-up rate of about 5° C./min to a final temperature Tf, then holding the welded component at Tf for a time tf sufficient for at least partially dissolving the gamma prime phase in a weld of the welded component and also in a base material surrounding the weld, and cooling the component with a cooling rate that is greater than or equal to about 20° C./min.

Abstract: The invention provides a backplane with adjustable curvature and its application. The backplane includes an active layer and a passive layer connected with the active layer. The active layer is formed by a material with a first thermal expansion coefficient, and the passive layer is formed by a material with a second thermal expansion coefficient. The first thermal expansion coefficient is greater than the second thermal expansion coefficient. It further includes a temperature sensor set on the backplane and a temperature controller electrically coupled to the backplane to adjust the backplane temperature. A fast and continuous adjustment to the curvature of the backplane can be achieved by controlling the temperature of the backplane.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reworking a composite structure. A fastener is cooled from a first temperature to a second temperature at which a diameter of a post of the fastener is reduced by a desired amount. The post of the fastener is placed into a channel in a bushing such that a desired interference fit occurs when the fastener is at the first temperature. The bushing with the fastener is positioned in a hole in the composite structure. A gap is present between an outer surface of the bushing and an inner surface of the hole. A gap is also present between an end of the bushing and a second structure.

Abstract: A backlight module including a back plate and a heating device is disclosed. The back plate includes a passive layer and an active layer adhered below the passive layer, wherein a coefficient of heat expansion of the active layer is greater than that of the passive layer. The heating device is configured for controlling a heating temperature of the back plate so as to adjust a rate of curvature of the back plate toward a liquid crystal panel. In addition, a LCD and an OLED display device are also disclosed. The rates of curvature of the backlight module, the LCD, and the OLED display device may be adjusted accordingly.

Abstract: The present relates to an apparatus and method for blending added material with base material on manufactured components. The apparatus comprises an abrasive device having an abrasive surface for removing exceeding added material, and a guide fixed to the abrasive device. The method determines a trajectory of the abrasive surface with respect to a manufactured component: determines which of a plurality of contact points of the guide shall be in contact with the manufactured component along the trajectory; actuates the abrasive device; and controls position and angle of the abrasive surface en the manufactured component along the trajectory, while keeping the determined contact point in contact with the manufactured component. A force is applied to the abrasive device when the abrasive surface is in contact with the manufactured component and transferred when the guide gets in contact with the base material.

Abstract: This invention relates to an ultra-high-strength steel bar and to a method of manufacturing the same, in which the steel bar includes C: 0.05 to 0.45 wt %, Si: 0.10 to 0.35 wt %, Mn: 0.1 to 0.85 wt %, Cr: 0.6 to 1.20 wt %, and Mo: 0.05 to 0.35 wt %, with the remainder being Fe, wherein a martensite structure is formed at a surface layer and a fine ferrite structure is formed at a center layer.

Abstract: The invention provides a hot stamped structural component (20) for an automotive vehicle, such as a B-pillar, including a first part (22) formed of a high strength steel material joined to a second part (24) formed of a high ductility steel material. The structural component (20) also includes a locally tempered transition zone (26) along the joint (28) to reduce the potential for failure along the joint (28). The transition zone (26) has strength and ductility levels between the strength and ductility levels of the remaining portions of the first and second parts (22, 24). The tempering step can be incorporated into a laser trimming cell or assembly cell, and thus the transition zone (26) can be created without adding an additional process step or increasing cycle time.

Abstract: A method for forming and treating a steel article of a high strength and ductile alloy. The method includes the steps of providing a starting steel composition for the steel article, preheating the composition, heating the starting material to a peak temperature range in less than forty seconds, holding the heated steel composition at the peak temperature range for between two and sixty seconds, quenching the heated steel composition from the peak temperature range to below 177° C. (350° F.) at a temperature rate reduction of 200 to 3000° C./sec (360 and 5400° F./sec), removing residual quench media from the surface of the quenched steel composition, tempering the quenched steel composition at a temperature of 100 to 704° C. (212 to 1300° F.); and air cooling the tempered steel composition to less than 100° C. (212° F.) to form a steel having desired mechanical properties.

Abstract: A chisel includes an elongate shank portion composed of a first steel, and a working end portion composed of a second steel that is different than the first steel. The working end portion is joined to the shank and configured to chisel a workpiece. The joined shank portion and working end portion has been heat treated to cause the first steel of the shank portion to adopt a first microstructure comprising bainite, the second steel of the working end portion to adopt a second microstructure comprising martensite, and the working end portion to have a greater hardness than the shank portion.

Abstract: The present application describes a method for welding two parts to each other. The two parts are made from steel having a high thermomechanical yield strength. The welding method includes a welding step in which a weld bead is created inducing a heat-affected zone to appear. The method also includes a heat treatment step having a heating step, during which at least one portion of the weld bead and the HAZ is gradually heated to a treatment temperature; then a holding step in which the portion of the weld bead and the HAZ is kept at the treatment temperature; then a cooling step in which the HAZ and the weld bead are gradually cooled and pass from the austenitic transformation end temperature to the martensitic transformation end temperature of the steel of the parts in a time between 7.5 s and 8.5 s, and pass from the austenitic transformation end temperature to the martensitic transformation end temperature in a time shorter than 15.5 s.

Abstract: A coupling assembly for use with a wire-reinforced elastomeric hose member includes a stem member defining at least one groove and the groove includes first and second walls, a bottom portion and a pair of shoulder portions separated by a width and a shell member at least partially enclosing said stem member and defining at least one axially extending barb member. The barb member includes a tip portion having first and second edge portions. The tip of the barb member is sized relative to the shoulders in said groove to transfer force developed by deflection of the reinforcement wire to compress a liner of the hose at the shoulders through the barb edge portions corresponding to a swaged state of the shell and stem members.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a component from transformable steel by hot forming, in which a plate first is cut out of a strip or sheet as the pre-material, and is then heated to forming temperature and pre-formed, having an at least partially martensitic transformation structure after forming. Instead of a press mould hardening, the at least partially martensitic transformation structure is created in the pre-material, or in the plate to be formed, by austenitisation and quenching already before forming, and then the thus-conditioned plate is reheated after forming, while maintaining the at least partially martensitic transformation structure, to a temperature below the Ac1 transformation temperature, and formed at this temperature.

Abstract: In a process for producing a cold- or hot-rolled steel strip from an ultrahigh-strength multiphase steel having a particular composition the required multiphase microstructure is generated during continuous heat treatment. The cold- or hot-rolled steel strip is heated in the continuous heat treatment furnace to a temperature in the range from 700 to 950° C. and the heat-treated steel strip is subsequently cooled from the heat treatment temperature at a cooling rate of from 15 to 100° C./s to a first intermediate temperature of from 300 to 500° C. followed by cooling at a cooling rate of from 15 to 100° C./s to a second intermediate temperature of from 200 to 250° C.; the steel strip is subsequently cooled at a cooling rate of from 2 to 30° C./s in air to room temperature or the cooling at a cooling rate of from 15 to 100° C./s is maintained from the first intermediate temperature to room temperature.

Abstract: Provided are an austenitic steel having excellent machinability and ultra-low temperature toughness in a weld heat-affected zone including 15 wt % to 35 wt % of manganese (Mn), carbon (C) satisfying 23.6C+Mn?28 and 33.5C?Mn?23, 5 wt % or less (excluding 0 wt %) of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) satisfying 28.5C+4.4Cr?57 (excluding 0 wt %), and iron (Fe) as well as other unavoidable impurities as a remainder, wherein a Charpy impact value of a weld heat-affected zone at ?196° C. is 41 J or more, and a method of manufacturing the steel. According to the present invention, a low-cost ultra-low temperature steel may be obtained, a stable austenite phase may be formed at low temperature, carbide formation may be effectively suppressed, and a structural steel having excellent machinability and ultra-low temperature toughness in a weld heat-affected zone may be provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing packaging steel consisting of a cold-rolled steel sheet made of unalloyed or low-alloy steel having a carbon content of less than 0.1%. In order to provide high-strength packaging steel that has good formability and high corrosion resistance and can be produced in as energy-saving a manner as possible, the steel sheet according to the invention is first coated with a metallic coating and then annealed in a recrystallising manner at a heating rate of more than 75 K/s and preferably more than 100 K/s to temperatures of more than 700° C., such that the metallic coating melts. The coated and annealed steel sheet is then quenched to normal temperature at a cooling rate of at least 100 K/s.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of post-weld heat treatment of a without a filler material electron beam or laser welded high strength component made of a gamma prime (??) strengthened superalloy based on Ni or Co or Fe or combinations thereof. The method consists of the following steps a) providing the welded component, then b) heating the welded component by applying a rapid heating-up rate in the range of about 20 to 40° C./min during the entire temperature range from RT up to a temperature T1 of at least 1000° C., then c) holding the welded component at T1 and then heating the component by applying a slow heating-up rate of about 5° C./min to a final temperature Tf, then d) holding the welded component at Tf for a time tf, wherein isothermal dwell time tf is sufficient for at least partially dissolving the gamma prime phase in the weld and also in the base material surrounding the weld; then e) cooling the component with a cooling rate of about 20° C.

Abstract: A stainless steel separator for fuel cells and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The method includes preparing a stainless steel sheet as a matrix, performing surface modification on a surface of the stainless steel sheet to form a Cr-rich passive film having a comparatively increased amount of Cr in a superficial layer of the stainless steel sheet by decreasing an amount of Fe in the superficial layer of the stainless steel sheet, and forming a coating layer on the surface of the surface-modified stainless steel sheet. The coating layer is one selected from a metal nitride layer (MNx), a metal/metal nitride layer (M/MNx), a metal carbide layer (MCy), and a metal boride layer (MBz) (where 0.5?x?1, 0.42?y?1, 0.5?z?2).

Abstract: On at least one surface of a base metal plate (1) of an ?-? transforming Fe or Fe alloy, a metal layer (2) containing ferrite former is formed. Next, the base metal plate (1) and the metal layer (2) are heated to an A3 point of the Fe or the Fe alloy, whereby the ferrite former are diffused into the base metal plate (1) to form an alloy region (1b) in a ferrite phase in which an accumulation degree of {200} planes is 25% or more and an accumulation degree of {222} planes is 40% or less. Next, the base metal plate (1) is heated to a temperature higher than the A3 point of the Fe or the Fe alloy, whereby the accumulation degree of the {200} planes is increased and the accumulation degree of the {222} planes is decreased while the alloy region (11b) is maintained in the ferrite phase.

Abstract: A method for forming and treating a steel article of a high strength and high ductility alloy particularly suited for use as armor plate. The method includes the steps of providing a starting material for the steel article, heating the starting material to a peak temperature range in less than ten seconds, holding the heated steel composition at the peak temperature range for between two and six seconds, quenching the heated steel composition from the peak temperature range to below 100° C. (212° F.) at a temperature rate reduction of 400 and 3000° C./sec (752 and 5432° F./sec), removing residual quench media from the surface of the quenched steel composition, tempering the quenched steel composition at a temperature of 100 to 260° C. (212 to 500° F.); and air cooling the tempered steel composition to less than 100° C. (212° F.) to form a steel having desired mechanical properties.

Abstract: A bake hardenable steel and a process for manufacture of a bake hardenable steel. Steel alloy slabs with a predefined chemical composition are hot rolled into hot rolled strip. The hot rolled strip is cold rolled and continuously annealed on a continuous annealing line and then rapidly cooled to at least 600° C. using a cooling rate of between 20-100 K/sec, and optionally cooled to at least 140° C. using a cooling rate of between 3-20 K/sec. As such, the cold rolled and annealed sheet is not subjected to an overageing treatment and yet still exhibits excellent and well defined bake hardening values. For example BH2 values between 25 and 45 MPa are exhibited by the low alloy steel grades. In addition, the bake hardeneable steel sheet has a minimum yield strength of 220 MPa and in some instances has a minimum yield strength as high as 380 MPa.

Abstract: A method for producing a single-clad or multiple-clad product includes providing a welded assembly comprising a cladding material disposed on a substrate material. Both the substrate material and the cladding material are individually selected alloys. At least a first edge of the cladding material of the welded assembly does not extend to a first edge of the substrate material and thereby provides a margin between the first edges. A material that is an alloy having hot strength greater than the cladding material is within the margin and adjacent the first edge of the cladding material. The welded assembly is hot rolled to provide a hot rolled band, and the material within the margin inhibits the cladding material from spreading beyond the edge of the substrate material during the hot rolling. In certain embodiments of the methods, the substrate material is stainless steel and the cladding material is nickel or a nickel alloy.

Abstract: A steel wire having a stainless steel exterior; the steel wire includes a core region that comprises at least 55 wt. % iron which is metallurgically bonded to a stainless steel coating that consists of a stainless steel region and a bonding region. The stainless steel region can have a thickness of about 1 ?m to about 250 ?m, and a stainless steel composition that is approximately consistent across the thickness of the stainless steel region. The stainless steel composition includes an admixture of iron and about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. % chromium. The bonding region is positioned between the stainless steel region and the core region, has a thickness that is greater than 1 ?m and less than the thickness of the stainless steel region, and has a bonding composition.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a vehicle reinforcement includes the step of a) joining a first portion comprising boron steel to a second portion comprising more ductile material than boron steel to form a vehicle reinforcement, and b) heat treating at least one part of the first portion after the joining so that the vehicle reinforcement comprises at least one hardened zone of boron steel and at least one soft zone of more ductile material than boron steel.

Abstract: The present invention is to produce press hardened parts having excellent properties while avoiding a peeling of a plated layer or an intergranular cracking of a base material during a press forming, in such a manner that when a surface-treated steel sheet in which a Zn—Fe-based plated layer is formed on a surface of a base steel sheet is manufactured by a press hardening process, the forming is started after the surface-treated steel sheet is heated to a temperature that is not lower than an Ac1 transformation point of the base steel sheet and 950° C. or lower and the surface-treated steel sheet is then cooled to a temperature that is not higher than a solidifying point of the plated layer depending on the content of Fe in the plated layer.

Abstract: A composite steel plate includes at least two steel sheets rolled to form a plate. One of the sheets has a composition that varies in a depthwise direction, between nanocrystalline and micron grained. The plate is made by treating a steel sheet to produce a composition in the sheet that varies in a depthwise direction of the sheet between nanocrystalline and micron grained, stacking the treated sheet with at least one other steel sheet, and rolling the stacked sheets to form the plate.

Abstract: Provided is a method for surface-treating a metal component, whereby a pseudo-plated layer can be formed on a surface of a metal component, and quality equivalent to plating or other coating process can be obtained. The method includes a chamical polishing step scraping a surface of a base plate formed into a given shape through chemical polishing by 0.5 micrometer or more, and a heat treat pseudo-plating step forming a pseudo-plated layer on the surface through a heat treatment conducted by heating the base plate at a solution treatment temperature or above, for example, 850 degrees C. or above, preferably approximate 1040 degrees C., in a reducing atmosphere after the polishing step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hot press forming steel plate made of a composition comprising: 0.3-1.0 wt % of C; 0.0-4.0 wt % of Mn; 1.0-2.0 wt % of Si; 0.01-2.0 wt % of Al; 0.015 wt % or less of S; 0.01 wt % or less of N; and the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities. Further, the present. invention relates to a method for manufacturing the hot press forming steel plate, characterized by comprising the steps of: heating, to between 1100 and 1300° C., a steel slab having the composition; performing hot rolling finishing between. an Ar3 transformation point and 950° C.; and performing winding between MS and 720° C. Further, the present invention. relates to a hot press formed member characterized by having the composition, and having a dual phase microstructure made of bainite and residual austenite.

Abstract: A method is for plating metal or alloy blanks. The method includes heating the metal or alloy blanks at a recrystallization temperature sufficient to soften the steel for minting; plating the softened metal or alloy blanks with one or more layers of metal or alloy; and heating the plated blanks at a temperature sufficient to reduce plating stresses but below the recrystallization temperature of the outermost plating layer.

Abstract: When contents of Ti, V, Zr, Nb, and C (mass %) are represented as [Ti], [V], [Zr], [Nb], and [C] respectively, a value of a parameter Q represented by “Q=([Ti]/48+[V]/51+[Zr]/91+[Nb]/93)/([C]/12)” is not less than 0.9 nor more than 1.1. A matrix of a metal structure is a ferrite phase, and the metal structure does not include a non-recrystallized structure. An average grain size of ferrite grains constituting the ferrite phase is not less than 10 ?m nor more than 200 ?m. A precipitate containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Zr, and Nb exists with a density of 10 ?m?3 or more in the ferrite grain. An average grain size of the precipitate is not less than 0.002 ?m nor more than 0.2 ?m.

Abstract: A heavy weight drill pipe for use in a downhole tool. The heavy weight drill pipe may include a tool joint made of as first steel alloy selected from the group consisting of AISI 4135, AISI 4137, AISI 4140, AISI 4142, AISI 4145, and AISI 4147. The tool joint may have as radial thickness between about 3.0 cm and about 5.7 cm. The heavy weight drill pipe may also include as pipe made of as second steel alloy selected from the group consisting of AISI 4135, AISI 4137, AISI 4140, AISI 4142, AISI 4145, and AISI 4147. The pipe may have as radial thickness between about 1.6 cm and about 3.3 cm. A weld region may be formed between the tool joint and the pipe. The weld region may be formed by friction welding the tool joint to the pipe.

Abstract: Undercarriage assembly components of track-type machines having a metallurgically bonded wear-resistant coating and methods for forming such coated undercarriage assembly components is taught herein. The bodies of the undercarriage assembly components, formed of an iron-based alloy, have a hard metal alloy slurry disposed on a surface or into an undercut or channel and then fused to form a metallurgical bond with the iron-based alloy. The wear-resistant coating comprises a fused, metal alloy comprising at least 60% iron, cobalt, nickel, or alloys thereof. The portion of the outer surface of the undercarriage assembly components having the wear-resistant coating corresponds to a wear surface of the component during operation of the endless track of the track-type vehicle.

Abstract: Undercarriage assembly components of track-type machines having a metallurgically bonded wear-resistant coating and methods for forming such coated undercarriage assembly components is taught herein. The bodies of the undercarriage assembly components, formed of an iron-based alloy, have a hard metal alloy slurry disposed on a surface or into an undercut or channel and then fused to form a metallurgical bond with the iron-based alloy. The wear-resistant coating comprises a fused, metal alloy comprising at least 60% iron, cobalt, nickel, or alloys thereof. The portion of the outer surface of the undercarriage assembly components having the wear-resistant coating corresponds to a wear surface of the component during operation of the endless track of the track-type vehicle.

Abstract: Herein are disclosed steel forms having stainless steel exteriors that pass a 0T-bend Advanced T-bend Test. One steel form has a stainless steel exterior; the steel form includes a core region that comprises at least 55 wt. % iron which is metallurgically bonded to a stainless steel coating that consists of a stainless steel region and a bonding region. The stainless steel region can have a thickness of about 1 ?m to about 250 ?m, and a stainless steel composition that is approximately consistent across the thickness of the stainless steel region. The stainless steel composition can include an admixture of iron and about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. % chromium. The bonding region is positioned between the stainless steel region and the core region, has a thickness that is greater than 1 ?m and less than the thickness of the stainless steel region, and has a bonding composition.

Abstract: A method for forming and treating a steel article of a high strength and high ductility alloy particularly suited for use as armor plate. The method includes the steps of providing a starting material for the steel article, heating the starting material to a peak temperature range in less than ten seconds, holding the heated steel composition at the peak temperature range for between two and six seconds, quenching the heated steel composition from the peak temperature range to below 100° C. (212° F.) at a temperature rate reduction of 400 and 3000° C./sec (752 and 5432° F./sec), removing residual quench media from the surface of the quenched steel composition, tempering the quenched steel composition at a temperature of 100 to 260° C. (212 to 500° F.); and air cooling the tempered steel composition to less than 100° C. (212° F.) to form a steel having desired mechanical properties.

Abstract: A steel manufacturing process can include forming an iron oxide layer on a hot band during hot rolling; reducing the iron oxide layer on the hot band to form a sponge iron layer that includes pores; the sponge-iron layer having a thickness in a range of about 0.05 ?m to about 1000 ?m, about 0.1 ?m to about 100 ?m, or about 5 ?m to about 25 ?m; and depositing an alloying element into the pores of the sponge iron layer to form an impregnated sponge-iron layer. The process can further include annealing the impregnated sponge-iron layer to produce an iron alloy layer carried by the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are iron-based alloys having a microstructure comprising a fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 ?m Nb and W carbide precipitates. Also disclosed are methods of welding comprising forming a crack free hardbanding weld overlay coating with such an iron-based alloy. Also disclosed are methods of designing an alloy capable of forming a crack free hardbanding weld overlay, the methods comprising the steps of determining an amorphous forming epicenter composition, determining a variant composition having a predetermined change in constituent elements from the amorphous forming epicenter composition, and forming and analyzing an alloy having the variant composition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are iron-based alloys having a structure comprising fine-grained ferritic matrix and having a 60+ Rockwell C surface, wherein the ferritic matrix comprises <10 ?m Nb and W carbide precipitates. Also disclosed are methods of welding comprising forming a crack free hardbanding weld overlay coating with such an iron-based alloy. Also disclosed are methods of designing an alloy capable of forming a crack free hardbanding weld overlay, the methods comprising the step determining an amorphous forming epicenter composition, determining a variant composition having a predetermined change in constituent elements from the amorphous forming epicenter composition, and forming and analyzing an alloy having the variant composition.

Abstract: A steel form having a stainless steel exterior; the steel form includes a core region that comprises at least 55 wt. % iron which is metallurgically bonded to a stainless steel coating that consists of a stainless steel region and a bonding region. The stainless steel region can have a thickness of about 1 ?m to about 250 ?m, and a stainless steel composition that is approximately consistent across the thickness of the stainless steel region. The stainless steel composition includes an admixture of iron and about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. % chromium. The bonding region is positioned between the stainless steel region and the core region, has a thickness that is greater than 1 ?m and less than the thickness of the stainless steel region, and has a bonding composition.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of cooling a rail weld zone. The method includes a first rail web portion cooling process of cooling a rail web portion cooling region of the rail weld zone in a part of a temperature range until the completion of transformation from austenite to pearlite, a second rail web portion cooling process of cooling the rail web portion cooling region after the entire rail web portion of the rail weld zone is transformed to pearlite, a foot portion cooling process of cooling a foot portion of the rail weld zone, and a head portion cooling process of cooling a head portion of the rail weld zone. When cooling time of the first and second rail web portion cooling processes is t minute, a k value satisfies an expression represented as ?0.1t+0.63?k??0.1t+2.33.

Abstract: A method includes producing sheet steel products, in which steel blanks or steel strips of different thicknesses and/or material grades are welded together along a joint formed by edges of the steel blanks or steel strips. In order that the welding seam of such a sheet steel product does not lose the hardened microstructure obtained by abrupt cooling during warm forming with heating to an austenization temperature, before the welding process, a viscous liquid, such as a paste, or a solid, pulverulent, or aerosol-like substance that contains at least one component that increases the strength of the weld seam that is to be produced, is applied to at least one weld edge of the steel blanks or steel strips that are to be welded together.

Abstract: A readily formable flat steel product has a ductile edge layer that is from 10 to 200 ?m thick and has a ductility greater than a ductility of an inner core layer of the flat steel product. The readily formable flat steel product is produced by annealing a flat steel product having a C content of from 0.1 to 0.4% by weight in a continuous furnace. The annealing is carried out under an annealing atmosphere that contains from 0.1 to 25% by vol. of H2 and H2O, with the balance being N2 and technically unavoidable impurities. A dew point is between ?20° C. and +60° C., and a ratio of H2O/H2 is a maximum of 0.957. In the course of the annealing, the flat steel product is heated to a holding temperature of from 600 to 1100° C. and for a holding time of from 10 to 360 seconds.

Abstract: A method of production of a welded joint which enables improvement of the fatigue strength in the case where measures for improvement of the fatigue strength cannot be applied due to the presence of structurally sealed regions is provided. The method is provided with a first weld step which performs welding by forming an inside weld toe or root part by using a weld metal with a transformation start temperature of 175° C. to 400° C. in range, at least parts of the weld metal forming the inside weld toe or root part which was formed at the first weld step becoming unmelted parts, and a second weld step which performs welding for building up the weld metal by a single pass by a weld heat input by which all of the unmelted parts are retransformed to austenite so as to introduce compressive residual stress to the inside weld toe or root part.