Abstract: The invention relates to a method of a composite material from superposed layers of solid and frothable metallic materials. The structural component consists of at least one layer of a solid metallic material and at least one layer of frothable metallic material. The structural component may be structured as a composite sheet or as a hollow body. The fabrication method of the structural component insures a good bond between the solid metallic layer and the frothable layer and that the frothable layer is securely attached to the solid metallic layer.

Abstract: The creep strength of a welded joint portion is improved, and damage of the welded joint portion based on the generation or development of cracks is suppressed. A postweld heat treatment process, wherein a welded joint made of carbon steel and low alloy steel is held within austenite single-phase temperature range for a given time and subsequently the joint is cooled by air-cooling or by slow cooling at a cooling rate lower than that of the air-cooling.

Abstract: A method of providing a protective, corrosion-resistant thin coating of a MCrX alloy on a carbon or low-alloy steel pipe or tube where M is one of nickel, cobalt or iron or combination thereof and X is one of molybdenum, silicon, tungsten or combination thereof, and heat treating the coating to metallurgically bond the coating onto a steel substrate of the pipe or tube. The coating may be deposited in one or two layers by plasma transferred arc deposition or may be deposited as a slurry coating or thermal spray coating with sintering of the coating. The steel substrate is prepared for coating by at least one of boring, honing, bright finishing, grit blasting, grinding, chemical pickling or electro-polishing of the substrate.

Abstract: A method has been developed for surface modifications of high temperature resistant alloys, such as FeCrAl alloys, in order to increase their resistance to corrosion at high temperatures. Coating it with a Ca-containing compound before heat-treating builds a continuos uniform and adherent layer on the surface of the alloy, that the aluminum depletion of the FeCrAl alloy is reduced under cyclic thermal stress. By this surface modification the resistance to high temperature corrosion of the FeCrAl alloy and its lifetime are significantly increased.

Abstract: A continuously cast copper ingot is made by a procedure in which turbulence is imparted to the metal/solid interface during the casting operation. The ingot is then hot worked to form a billet having a smaller average grain size and a larger diameter than possible in the past. The billet is especially useful for making electroplating anodes used in the damascene process for making copper interconnects in silicon wafers.

Abstract: Steel sheet for porcelain enameling having excellent workability yet capable of providing an enamel layer having excellent adhesion with the steel sheet on direct-on enameling once and still free of black specks defects, a method for producing the same, as well as a porcelain enamel product and the method for producing the same are provided, in which low carbon Al-killed steel sheet, high oxygen steel sheet, Ti-added steel sheet, Nb-added steel sheet, Ti—Nb-added steel sheet or B-added steel sheet is used. A steel sheet for porcelain enameling is produced by applying Ni—Mo alloy plating to the low carbon Al-killed steel sheet, high oxygen steel sheet, Ti-added steel sheet, Nb-added steel sheet, Ti—Nb-added steel sheet or B-added steel sheet having specified components and composition ratio, and after performing heat treatment thereto to control the content of Ni, Mo, and Fe that are present on the surface of the steel sheet in a predetermined range, porcelain enamel is applied and fired.

Abstract: A surface treatment process for enhancing the resistance to intergranular corrosion and intergranular cracking of components fabricated from austenitic Ni—Fe—Cr based alloys comprising the application of surface deformation to the component, to a depth in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm, for example by high intensity shot peening below the recrystallization temperature, followed by recrystallization heat treatment, preferably at solutionizing temperatures. The surface deformation and annealing process can be repeated to further optimize the microstructure of the near-surface region. Following the final heat treatment, the process optionally comprises the application of further surface deformation (work) of reduced intensity, yielding a worked depth of between 0.005 mm to 0.01 mm, to impart residual compression in the near surface region to further enhance cracking resistance.

Abstract: A tool steel material is capable of having its carbides sufficiently fined in microstructure and also capable of reducing segregation of any of its constituent elements to the smallest possible amount in the material. In producing the material, a plurality of cast steel pieces are prepared and stacked to form a lamination pack. This lamination pack is then subjected to a hot-working process under pressure. As a result, the cast steel pieces of the pack are press-bonded to each other and unified. During this press-bonding process, the pack is also subjected to a diffusion heat treatment for enhancing diffusion of the elements of the material by permitting the elements to pass through a contact surface of each of the cast steel pieces, through which contact surface adjacent ones of the cast steel pieces are brought into contact with each other in the lamination pack.

Abstract: There is provided a surface alloyed component which comprises a base alloy with a diffusion barrier layer enriched in silicon and chromium being provided adjacent thereto. An enrichment pool layer is created adjacent the diffusion barrier and contains silicon and chromium and optionally titanium or aluminum. The method comprises depositing a surface alloy on the base alloy at a temperature in the range of 400 to 1000° C. and heat treating the surface alloy at a ramp temperature rate of at least 5C°/minute, preferably 10 to 20° C./minute, to a desired maximum temperature at which the surface alloyed component is maintained for a time sufficient to provide the enrichment pool or the enrichment pool with a diffusion barrier layer. A reactive gas treatment may be used to generate a replenishable protective oxide scale of alumina or chromia on the outermost surface of the surface alloyed component.

Abstract: Weld metals suitable for joining high strength, low alloy steels are provided. These weld metals have microstructures of acicular ferrite interspersed in a hard constituent, such as lath martensite, yield strengths of at least about 690 MPa (100 ksi), and DBTTs lower than about −50° C. (−58° F.) as measured by a Charpy energy versus temperature curve. These weld metals include about 0.04 wt % to about 0.08 wt % carbon; about 1.0 wt % to about 2.0 wt % manganese; about 0.2 wt % to about 0.7 wt % silicon; about 0.30 wt % to 0.80 wt % molybdenum; about 2.3 wt % to about 3.5 wt % nickel; about 0.0175 wt % to about 0.0400 wt % oxygen, and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of (i) up to about 0.04 wt % zirconium, and (ii) up to about 0.02 wt % titanium.

Abstract: A composite doctor blade comprises a steel support band configured with a width and thickness suitable for mounting in a blade holder, with tensile and yield strengths suitable for a selected doctoring application. A wear resistant strip of high speed steel is integrally joined to an edge of the support band. The wear resistant strip has tensile and yield strengths higher than those of the support band, and has a hardness of between about 55 to 75 Rc.

Abstract: A weld filler metal alloy composition and a method for welding stainless steel components into a final assembly includes the steps of: austenitizing the stainless steel components to be welded at a temperature of 1800° F.-2000° F.; applying, using conventional arc welding techniques a solid wire of the filler metal alloy comprising in % by weight: up to 0.02% carbon; up to 0.8% manganese; up to 0.02% phosphorus; up to 0.015% sulfur; up to 0.6% silicon; 4.5-5.5% nickel; 0.4-0.7% molybdenum; 10-12.5% chromium; up to 0.1% copper; balance essentially iron and incidental impurities; and tempering the welded assembly welded at a temperature of 930° F.-1300° F. A second tempering step conducted at a temperature of 1095° F.-1145° F. may follow. The welding method can be used to make compressor impellers (6). The compressor impeller components comprise 13Cr-4Ni stainless steel.

Abstract: An article, made of a material such as a iron-nickel-base alloy, is weld repaired, and then heat treated. The heat treatment includes heating the weld-repaired portion to a first hold temperature of at least about 1775 degrees Fahrenheit, cooling the weld-repaired portion to a temperature of 1025 degrees Fahrenheit or less, heating the weld-repaired portion at a rate of at least about 10 degrees Fahrenheit per minute or greater, to a second hold temperature of at least about 1525 degrees Fahrenheit, cooling the weld-repaired portion to a third hold temperature of about 1425 degrees Fahrenheit or less, and cooling the weld-repaired portion to a fourth hold temperature of about 1225 degrees Fahrenheit or less.

Abstract: A welded steel pipe is formed by heating or soaking an untreated welded steel pipe having a steel composition comprising, on the basis of mass percent: about 0.05% to about 0.3% C; about 2.0% or less of Si; more than about 1.5% to about 5.0% Mn; about 0.1% or less of P; about 0.01% or less of S; about 0.1% or less of Cr; about 0.1% or less of Al; about 0.1% or less of Nb; about 0.3% or less of Ti; and about 0.01% or less of N; and by diameter-reduction-rolling the treated steel pipe at a accumulated diameter reduction rate of at least about 35% and a finish rolling temperature of about 500° C. to about 900° C. The welded steel pipe exhibits excellent hydroformability, i.e., has a tensile strength of about 780 MPa or more and a n×r product of at least about 0.15. The treated steel pipe is preferably diameter-reduction-rolled at a accumulated diameter reduction rate of at least about 20% below the Ar3 transformation point.

Abstract: A ferrous-alloy aircraft structural component such as a fastener is prepared by providing a ferrous-alloy component precursor that is not in its final heat-treated state, and coating with an aluminum-containing, curable organic coating material having a non-volatile portion that is predominantly organic and is curable at about the ferrous-alloy component's tempering temperature. The coated, ferrous-alloy is then tempered to concurrently impart predetermined metallurgical properties to the finished, ferrous-alloy material, and cure the organic, aluminum-containing coating.

Abstract: An iron aluminide fuel injector component such as a nozzle, plunger or other part is manufactured from iron aluminide or includes an iron aluminide coating on at least a portion of a surface in contact with the fuel which passes through the fuel injector. The iron aluminide alloy can include 8 to 32 wt. % Al, up to 5 wt. % refractory metal, B and/or C in amounts sufficient to form borides and/or carbides. The fuel injector component can be formed from powders of the iron aluminide alloy by powder metallurgy techniques and the coating can be formed by a diffusional reaction process, cathodic plasma process, chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition. The fuel injector component is corrosion, carburization, sulfidation and/or coking resistant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for the production of a strip-like metallic composite material by the high-temperature dip coating of a metallic carrier strip, consisting of a metallurgic vessel for receiving the liquid depositing material, through which the carrier strip is capable of being led in a preferably vertical run-through direction by means of pairs of rollers arranged on the entry and the exit side, and of a preheating device for the carrier strip, said preheating device being located upstream of the metallurgic vessel. At the same time, the preheating device (41) is arranged in a housing (61) which is arranged in the entry region upstream of the metallurgic vessel (11) and surrounds the carrier strip (21) and into which the medium coming from a media supply (52) is capable of being introduced via at least one feed (51) led into the housing.

Abstract: A composite doctor blade comprises a steel support band configured with a width and thickness suitable for mounting in a blade holder, with tensile and yield strengths suitable for a selected doctoring application. A wear resistant strip of high speed steel is integrally joined to an edge of the support band. The wear resistant strip has tensile and yield strengths higher than those of the support band, and has a hardness of between about 55 to 65 Rc.

Abstract: The strength and wear resistance of a steel component is improved by adhering to it a material of higher strength compatible metal alloy, such as Inconel (RTM) 725 or like precipitation or age hardenable alloy. The higher strength alloy may be adhered by welding, plasma spraying, dip coating or electroplating. The component may be subjected to post-deposition heat treatment which preferably simultaneously softens a heat affected zone in the component and hardens the higher strength material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hardfacing alloy capable of withstanding abrasion of the order of silicious earth particles and weldable in crack free state on industrial products, such as tool joints and stabilizers used in oil and gas well drilling, and other industrial products. The hardfacing alloy has a low coefficient of friction, high abrasion resistance as welded without working, and in tool joints and stabilizers achieves an optimum balance between tool joint and stabilizer wear resistance and induced casing wear. Other embodiments of the invention include tool joints having the hardbanding alloy welded to the outer cylindrical surface to its box and pin members and to stabilizer ribs on the stabilizer used in earth boring, such as boring for oil and gas, other industrial products, methods of producing the hardfacing alloy, and methods of applying the hardfacing alloy to surfaces including preheat and post-welding conditions to withstand abrasive use.

Abstract: A process for the production of a metal sheet having a multi-layered structure and a fine composite structure, which process comprises stacking at least two kinds of thin sheets selected from thin sheets of pure metals and thin sheets of alloys alternately so as to have multiple layers in total, integrating the stacked sheets by circumferential welding or placing the stacked sheets in a steel or stainless steel box to integrate these, and then, bonding all the layers of the integrated sheets metallically by hot rolling, and a metal sheet obtained thereby.

Abstract: Disclosed is a metallurgical vessel, in particular a converter for treating liquid molten metals, in particular steel, formed of a refractory lining and a supporting metal shell that surrounds the refractory lining. The vessel is composed of welded together shell rings and dished parts of creep-resistant steel with plate thicknesses of up to 100 mm. The creep-resistant steel used is a highly resistant, water-quenched and then tempered close-grained structural steel with the following composition in wt.-% C 0.14-0.22 Cr 0.4-1.0 Mo 0.3-0.8 Ni 1.5-3.0 V 0.05-0.12 Mn 0.7-1.3 Pmax 0.015 Smax 0.003 Al 0.015-0.065 Si 0.20-0.60 Cumax 0.15 Nmax 0.012 Camax 0.004 the remainder being iron and impurities due to the production process.

Abstract: A composite sheet steel of maraging steel has an outer layer and an inner layer, wherein the outer layer is harder than the inner layer and the inner layer is more tenacious than the outer layer. An intermediate layer is positioned between the inner layer and the outer layer, wherein the intermediate layer is thinner than the inner and the outer layers.

Abstract: A tube for a cracker unit in which ethylene is produced withstands, without oxidizing or losing its strength, the elevated temperatures required to effect cracking, yet retards coking. The tube has a shell formed from stainless steel or high nickel alloy and a liner formed from an iron-aluminum alloy. The liner retards the deposit of carbon and its build up known as coking. To form the tube, a high alloy ingot is bored to provide a bore that extends through its center. Then a weld overlay is applied to surface of the bore, with the overlay being derived from a weld metal containing at least 16% aluminum and the balance essentially iron. Thereafter, the ingot is heated to its hot working temperature and extruded through sets of opposed rollers, with the direction of advance being in the direction of the bore. The extruding transforms the ingot into a lined tube.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a pressure vessel intended to work under pressure between −40° C. and 200° C. in the presence of H2S under conditions defined by the NACE MR 0175-97 standard, in which: components of the vessel are manufactured from a steel of chemical composition: 0.03%≦C≦0.15%; 0%≦Si≦0.5%; 0.4%≦Mn≦2.5%; 0.5%≦Ni≦3%; 0%≦Cr≦1%; 0%≦Mo≦0.5%; 0%≦Al≦0.070%; 0%≦Ti≦0.04%; 0%≦B≦0.004%; 0%≦V≦0.02%; 0%≦Nb≦0.05%; Cu≦1%; S≦0.015%; P≦0.03%; the balance being iron and impurities resulting from the smelting operation; CET=C+(Mn+Mo)/10+(Cr+Cu)/20+Ni/40<0.35; 800/500 cct<10 s; the components being quenched and tempered; the structure is martensitic or martensitic-bainitic with less than 10% ferrite; the temper temperature is <680° C. Optionally, a stress-relieving operation is carried out at a temperature ≧595° C.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a sliding component comprising a main body made of a non-carburized heat-hardened steel and a member adapted to form at least one sliding face of sliding faces of the sliding component and heat-joined to the main body, in which the steel-made main body is heat-hardened before heat-joining to the member and the heat-joining between the main body made of the heat-hardened steel and the member is conducted at a lower temperature than the temperature at which the heat-hardened main body has been heat-hardened. The sliding component is superior in hardness and abrasion resistance and is readily manufactured at a reduced cost.

Abstract: A compound tube comprises a layer of a Fe—Cr—Al-alloy and a layer of a load-carrying component and optionally one or several additional layers. The Fe—Cr—Al-alloy has the following analysis in weight-%: carbon<0.3, chromium 5-30, nickel<10, manganese<5, molybdenum<5, aluminium 3-20 , silicon<5, nitrogen<0.3, cerium+bafnium+yttrium<1.0, titanium 0.005-1.0, zirconium 0.005-1.0, niobium 0.005-1.0, the remainder iron, and naturally occurring impurities. These tubes are very resistant towards carbonization and “metal dusting” and are being used to advantage for bayonet tubing, superheat tubing and reformer tubing in steam formation.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention encompasses a method of forming a steel. A metallic glass is formed and at least a portion of the glass is converted to a crystalline steel material having a nanocrystalline scale grain size. In another aspect, the invention encompasses another method of forming a steel. A molten alloy is formed and cooled the alloy at a rate which forms a metallic glass. The metallic glass is devitrified to convert the glass to a crystalline steel material having a nanocrystalline scale grain size. In yet another aspect, the invention encompasses another method of forming a steel. A first metallic glass steel substrate is provided, and a molten alloy is formed over the first metallic glass steel substrate to heat and devitrify at least some of the underlying metallic glass of the substrate.

Abstract: A process for manufacture of a railroad track part, in particular a large points part, with rail parts such as a frog point and connecting rails, and the track part obtained. The track part is made of materials of differing composition, one of which is a carbon steel and one of which is an austenitic manganese steel, which are connected by welding and are subsequently subjected to a joint heat treatment. To permit joining of the materials without negative effects on their properties, the parts are joined directly by electron beam welding or indirectly via an intermediate layer comprising a nickel-based alloy, the joined parts then being heated to a temperature T and held over a time t such that for the austenitic manganese steel, solution annealing takes place, and for the carbon steel, austenitizing takes place.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a battery can-forming material, comprising the steps of spreading metal powder on a hot-rolled steel plate (hot coil) or applying said metal powder in the form of paste to a surface thereof; annealing and then rolling the hot-rolled steel plate having the metal powder applied to the surface thereof to form a metal layer consisting of the metal powder on the surface thereof; cold-rolling the hot-rolled steel plate and the metal layer; annealing the hot-rolled steel plate and the metal layer; and rolling the hot-rolled steel plate and the metal layer by a skin pass roller. Instead of forming the metal layer of the metal powder, the metal powder may be plated on the surface of the hot-rolled steel plate.

Abstract: A device and a process for producing thin steel metal bars in which an elongated metal product is brought into contact with a molten metal causing the latter to crystallize. Different materials are used for the elongated metal product and the molten metal, whereby one of the materials is a stainless steel. A temperature of the elongated metal product, a temperature of the molten metal and a dwelling time of the elongated metal product in the molten metal are set in such a way that the molten metal crystallizes on the elongated metal product so as to form a layer having a thickness of 2% to 20% of a thickness of the elongated metal product.

Abstract: There is provided a surface alloyed component which comprises a base alloy with a diffusion barrier layer enriched in silicon and chromium being provided adjacent thereto. An enrichment pool layer is created adjacent said diffusion barrier and contains silicon and chromium and optionally titanium or aluminum. A reactive gas treatment may be used to generate a replenishable protective scale on the outermost surface of said component.

Abstract: An improved drive rod and clutch disk for a paint brush and roller cleaning tool providing the unique combination of a hardened steel clutch disk and chrome plated drive rod. Hardening virtually eliminates enlargement of the bow tie hole in the clutch disk due to wear, preventing the cross member on the end portion of the drive rod from escaping through the clutch disk bow-tie hole during the lifetime of the cleaning tool. The chrome plated spiral drive rod minimizes galling, greatly extending the useful life of the cleaning tool in the instant invention, compared to the prior art.

Abstract: Monolithic metal oxide structures, and processes for making such structures, are disclosed. The structures are obtained by heating a metal-containing structure having a plurality of surfaces in close proximity to one another in an oxidative atmosphere at a temperature below the melting point of the metal while maintaining the close proximity of the metal surfaces. Exemplary structures of the invention include open-celled and closed-cell monolithic metal oxide structures comprising a plurality of adjacent bonded corrugated and/or flat layers, and metal oxide filters obtained from a plurality of metal filaments oxidized in close proximity to one another.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal component which is made up of at least two partial elements with differing material properties is distinguished in that a first partial element made of a steel material, which can be tempered, is preassembled in a recess in a second partial element made of a magnetic iron material of low retentivity. A copper based solder is applied to the preassembled component at the recess in the transition area between the first partial element and the second partial element. Thereafter, the component is heated to a temperature which lies above the melting temperature of the solder. After the liquid solder has been distributed in a contact area of the two partial elements, the component is cooled. The component is then brought at least once to the tempering temperature of the steel material of the first partial element, is maintained at this temperature for a predetermined length of time and then is completely cooled.

Abstract: A wear resistant, diamond enhanced cutting tool for excavating is disclosed. The cutting tool includes a cutting insert having a diamond coated cutting tip brazed to the cutting insert. The cutting tool is formed by brazing the insert to a tool body with a braze alloy by heating the insert and tool body to a temperature at which the braze alloy melts. The insert and tool body are then cooled to solidify the braze alloy and quenched to cause a martensitic transformation. Finally, the diamond enhanced tip is brazed to the insert while the temperature of the tool body is maintained below a temperature at which the tool body would soften. According to this method, the cutting tool is formed without creating a tempered zone of reduced hardness.

Abstract: A block is produced by juxtaposition and joining of at least one plate made of tool steel and of at least one plate made from mild steel. The block is hot rolled and then it is cooled to a temperature below 200.degree. C. The rolled block is tempered at a temperature above 450.degree. C. after cooling. The clad sheet obtained includes a layer made of tool steel having a tempered martensitic structure and containing primary carbides and a fine dispersion of secondary carbides.

Abstract: A metal foil substrate material with improved formability properties for catalytic converters and a method of making the material in which layers of ferritic stainless steel and aluminum are solid state metallurgically bonded together forming a composite material. Such composite material is further rolled to an intermediate foil gauge and then subjected to a thermal in situ reaction to form a resulting uniform solid solution foil material with superior high temperature corrosion resistance. This uniform solid solution material is then rolled to the final foil gauge.

Abstract: A vane member comprises a first member and a second member, the first member and the second member are joined by that an insert member whose melting temperature is lower than melting temperatures of the first and second members contacts the first and second members, the insert member is heated to a welding temperature which is lower than the melting temperatures of the first and second members and is higher than the melting temperature of the insert member so that a mutual diffusion between at least an original base component of the insert member and at least an original base component of the first member different from the original base component of the insert member and a mutual diffusion between at least the original base component of the insert member and at least an original base component of the second member different from the original base component of the insert member are caused by the heating, and the mutual diffusions by the heating are continued at least until the original base component of the i

Abstract: The invention provides methods of manufacturing stainless steel tubing, pipe and shafts by utilizing air hardenable stainless steel. Such pipe, tubing and shafts have the important characteristics of low weight, shaft flex, torque, bend point and strength and have many uses. The shafts include a plurality of air hardenable metal segments of selected length, thickness and shape that are assembled into a shaft. This assembly is subsequently contacted with a brazing material and then placed into a controlled, non-oxidative atmosphere furnace of a sufficient temperature such that the assembly is simultaneously brazed and hardened. The tubing can include having a brazed lock seam which provides strength. The present invention further provides reinforcing members that are also brazed within the shaft, tubing or pipe while the outer piece is hardened.

Abstract: A machine component which is formed from a high alloy steel has, along a surface where the component is subjected to cyclic loading, a glaze in which the steel has a refined microstructure that resists spalling. Whereas the microstructure of the core underlying the glaze contains carbides of relatively large particle size, the microstructure of the glaze contains carbides of a much smaller particle size. For the most part the microstructure of the glaze comprises martensite and retained austenite in a fine dendritic network. The glaze is acquired by directing a laser beam at the surface, with the beam having sufficient energy and intensity to melt the component where it illuminates the surface, thus creating a puddle. Relative motion between the beam and the component advances the puddle over the surface. The molten metal in the previously illuminated region loses its heat to the underlying core of the component and solidifies, in effect undergoing a self-quench.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bimetallic casting serving as a wear piece in vertical mills and its method of manufacture. It includes a core (13) made of a ductile cast iron and provided with mechanical bonding elements in the form of pins (15) which are rendered integral with an outer casing (17) by casting, the outer casing being made of a non-ductile wear material having a high chromium content. Such castings are used for being mounted on the hub of a roller of a so-called vertical-axis crushing mill.

Abstract: A wear resistant, diamond enhanced cutting tool for excavating is disclosed. The cutting tool includes a cutting insert having a diamond coated cutting tip brazed to the cutting insert. The cutting tool is formed by brazing the insert to a tool body with a braze alloy by heating the insert and tool body to a temperature at which the braze alloy melts. The insert and tool body are then cooled to solidify the braze alloy and quenched to cause a martensitic transformation. Finally, the diamond enhanced tip is brazed to the insert while the temperature of the tool body is maintained below a temperature at which the tool body would soften. According to this method, the cutting tool is formed without creating a tempered zone of reduced hardness.

Abstract: A nose type rail member for crossing member applied to a turnout or wayside switch system on the ground for a train and the like, is made of high carbon steel material containing 0.70 to 0.82 wt. % of carbon. The rail member is constructed by a pair of rail parts, which has a concave at a side of the middle support part. A backing plate is made of the same as the rail member or a steel material having a less carbon content than that of the rail member and is holden by a pair of the opposite concaves. A pair of the head portions and the base portions at a side thereof are joined by means of electron beam welding and the joined rail member is subjected to S.Q. heat processing, thereby at least a wheel tread of the rail member becomes a homogeneous and fine pearlite structure.

Abstract: The composition of a hard-facing welding material to be overlaid onto a cast iron base metal followed by a supercooling treatment for hardening must lie above a line LA in a Schaeffler's structure diagram which is represented by a Cr equivalent and a Ni equivalent. On the other hand, if the base metal is preheated, the carbon precipitation line will be at the Ni equivalent of 34 (LC1), and the Cr equivalent will thus be above 4. However, if the Cr equivalent is above 4, there will occur cracks after welding (examples in which cracks occurred are shown by square marks represented by a in FIG. 1). As a solution, the carbon precipitation line was raised up to the Ni equivalent of 38 without preheating the base metal, and the Cr equivalent of the welding material was made to be 4 or less.

Abstract: A heat-treated cladding on the working surfaces of continuous caster rolls reduces sensitization zones. The thermal treatment applied conditions the working surface of the roll substantially uniformly at all positions around the perimeter of the roll, thereby dissolving carbide formations into a austenite solution and removing carbide formations and chromium depletion sites or sensitized zones associated with the reheat regions occurring during the welding process. The heat treatment process is accomplished without thermally affecting or altering the properties and dimensions of the base roll material, either at a substantial depth beneath the body working surface or on or beneath the roll journal surfaces.

Abstract: A method for weld repairing an article formed of a low-alloy steel, such as a steam turbine component. The method generally includes the step of depositing a first weld repair (14) on a surface of the article, during which a hard heat-affected zone (HAZ) (18) having a fine grain size is formed in the article beneath the surface on which the weld repair (14) is deposited. The first weld repair (14) and at least a portion of the HAZ (18) adjacent the first weld repair (14) are then locally heat treated at a temperature above a critical temperature A.sub.1 of the alloy from which the article is formed. As a result of this localized heat treatment, the original grain structures of the first weld repair (14) and the HAZ (18) are entirely replaced with a fine-grain structure with acceptable hardness. Thereafter, at least one additional weld repair layer (16) is deposited on the first weld repair (14).

Abstract: A method of fabricating sheet metal parts comprising the steps of: stamping a pair of overlying metal sheets together to form a pair of stampings, heat treating the stampings, clamping the stampings together to correct distortion of the stampings during the heat treatment and welding the clamped stampings together to produce the part.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an expansible anchor comprises the steps of forming one part as a partially slotted expansible sleeve composed of corrosion-resistant steel and anchorable in a building component, forming another part as an expander body composed of corrosion-resistant steel and arranged to be driven into the expansible sleeve so as to anchor the expansible sleeve in the building component, enriching one of the parts with interstitially dissolved, non-metallic alloying constituents selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen and boron, and ageing by heat treating so as to precipitate the alloying constituents in the form selected from the group consisting of carbides, nitrides and borides, respectively, to achieve increased hardness.

Abstract: A method of preventing corrosion damage at weld joints, in the heat affected zones of weld joints, and in heat-treated zones of components made of stainless steels having chromium contents .gtoreq.12% by weight, which comprises exposing weld joints and the heat affected zones of the weld joints, or the heat-treated zones, to a water vapor atmosphere at temperatures of 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. for five to sixty minutes.