Abstract: Flooring felt containing glass fibers, cellulosic fibers, synthetic fibers, particulate inorganic filler, latex binder and calcium hydroxide.

Abstract: In order to obtain a more uniform sheet-like glass fiber product, it has been discovered that the use of a treating formulation having phosphate esters of polyoxyalkylene alkyl alcohol, polyamine compound, organic acid with glass fibers gives a more uniform aqueous dispersion of glass fibers. The treating formulation can be added to the aqueous solution to which the glass fibers are to be dispersed and then the more uniform aqueous dispersion of glass fibers is conveyed to a separator to produce the more uniform sheet-like glass fiber product from the aqueous dispersion and the aqueous dispersion is recyled to disperse fresh glass fibers. Also, the treating formulation can be present by itself on glass fibers that are in a wet condition. In addition, the treating formulation can be present on glass fibers that are in a dry condition when the treating formulation is applied to the glass fibers from a sizing composition containing the treating formulation and a film-former.

Abstract: Thermal insulating material of cellulosic fibers is prepared by treating wood chips or other fibrous cellulosic material with saturated steam at elevated temperatures and pressures and then fiberizing the treated material. A fire-retardant chemical is added to the material immediately prior to fiberization. The resulting fiberized cellulosic material when dried exhibits superior flame and fire resistance properties.

Abstract: A resin modified asbestos diaphragm is prepared by diluting a heat curable polyvinylidene fluoride homopolymer resin latex containing no more than about 5% resin solids with an aqueous solution containing about 4% to 5% sodium hydroxide. From about 6 to about 11 parts of asbestos fibers are then slowly added to this alkaline resin latex solution for each part of resin solids contained therein with agitation to produce a clear aqueous slurry of resin coated asbestos fibers. To this slurry is then added an aqueous solution of 10% to 15% sodium hydroxide to swell the asbestos fibers. The resulting slurry is deposited on a screen to form a diaphragm which is carefully dried and cured at elevated temperatures to complete the polymerization of the polyvinylidene fluoride resin and form a bonded resin coated asbestos fiber product that is dimensionally stable. Such resin modified asbestos diaphragms may be used in electrolytic cells for electrolyzing alkali metal halide solutions.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of paper and paper-like products which consists of the addition to the papermaking furnish of kraft lignin or modified kraft lignin and poly(oxyethylene).

Abstract: A process for producing paper or cardboard sized in the pulp with epoxide-amine-polyamide reaction products is disclosed.This process comprises adding to the fibre suspension, which has a pH value of 5 to 8,(A) at least one water-soluble higher molecular polyelectrolyte, which is cationic if the pH value of the fibre suspension is 6.5 to 8 and anionic if the pH value of the fibre suspension is 5 to 7, followed by(B) at least one water-soluble or water-dispersible salt of an epoxide-amine-polyamide reaction product,and further processing the fibre suspension into the form of paper or cardboard.

Abstract: Producing polymer dispersions for use in papermaking with a relatively high content of a solubilized polymeric material which serves in the presence of paper filler as binder and dissolves only with difficulty, by continuously passing an aqueous suspension of the particulate binder through a treatment zone (2,3,4) in at least part of which it is subjected to shear, the rate of flow and degree of shear being such that the residence time in the zone allows optimum swelling of the binder and the resulting solution of polymeric binder is visually homogeneous. Flocculant and filler are preferably also incorporated to provide a continuous supply of preflocculated filler for a papermaking furnish. Typical materials are cold water soluble starch as binder, polyacrylamide as flocculant and chalk whiting as filler.

Abstract: When a suspension is exposed to a field of ultrasound, a voltage can be tapped from two electrodes whose distance apart is an odd multiple of half ultrasonic wavelengths, and this voltage can be used as a controlling factor for the addition of, preferably, retention and flocculating agents to the suspension. The process is particularly suitable for fibre suspensions for the purpose of monitoring the starting process in paper machines and for rapid operating control.

Abstract: An aqueous suspension of particles is treated by introducing into the system an anionic polymeric flocculant and at least one counteracting anionic deflocculant, the activity of the anionic deflocculant being reduced or eliminated by bringing into contact therewith in the system an aqueous solution containing cations having a valency greater than one, a material which generates such cations, or a polycationic organic compound.

Abstract: A surface covering comprising: one or more layers of the same or different resinous polymeric compositions; and a dimensionally stable fibrous backing material in adhering contact therewith comprising: from about 30% by weight to about 77% by weight of selected proportions of overlapping, intersecting and intermatted polypropylene fibers, glass fibers and wood pulp fibers; from about 0.2% to about 2% by weight of a stable, water-soluble, cationic, quaternary modified acrylamide polymer having a high charge density of from about 350 to about 600 or more milliequivalents/milligram of unit weight and a very high molecular weight of from about 3 million to about 8 million or more; from about 15% to about 60% by weight of a filler or loading agent; and from about 7% to about 27% by weight of a synthetic resinous polymeric binder, all percentages being based on the total weight of the dimensionally stable fibrous backing material.

Abstract: An improved dimensionally stable backing web is disclosed, especially for resilient flooring product and linoleum, comprising cellulosic fiber, a binder, antioxidant, fungicide and glass fiber, as well as optionally dyes or pigments, surfactants and vulcanizing agents. Also optionally present are calcium silicate mineral fiber or synthetic fiber, such as polyolefin, polyester, nylon, acrylic or modacrylic fiber, a cellulose acetate or mixtures thereof. The binder can be a natural rubber or synthetic rubber latex or mixtures thereof. The synthetic rubber latex is preferably selected from the following: styrene-butadiene; carboxylated styrene-butadiene, polyacrylic ester, polyvinyl acetate; polyisobutylene, a copolymer formed from vinyl acetate monomers and acrylic acid; polychloroprene, acrylonitrile-butadiene or carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene; polyurethane; a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate; or other elastomeric copolymers.

Abstract: A fibrous sheet having a high strength and water resistance and having no resin specks on the surface can be produced by producing a sheet from a fiber slury by the known paper making process, to said fiber slurry being added a flocculate of chlorinated polymer latices which has a particle size of 100.mu.-500 .mu. and is prepared by heating said chlorinated polymer latices to a temperature of at least their minimum film-forming temperature and then adding a water soluble cationic polymer or a polyvalent metal salt with stirring. Examples of said chlorinated polymer latices are anionic polyvinyl chloride latex, polyvinylidene chloride latex or the combination thereof.

Abstract: A process for improving the qualities of paper which comprises making co-exist (a) a water-soluble polymer containing hydrazide group or its adduct with a water-soluble inorganic salt of an alkaline earth metal and (b) a heavy metal ion capable of chelating with the polymer or its adduct in a pulp slurry in paper making. The use of the water-soluble polymer or its adduct in combination with the heavy metal ion improves markedly the paper strength, the retention of sizing agents and the retention of fillers at a pH value around neutrality.

Abstract: Properties of mechanical paper pulp which is produced by grinding or otherwise frictionally acting on natural fibrous raw material containing plasticizable constituents which become heated to a temperature sufficiently high to soften the plasticizable constituents thereof are improved by the addition of paper filler material which is chemically inert to the pulp at a time which results in the filler being in contact therewith while the plasticizable constituents are plasticized and thus softened and sticky. This causes the filler, without chemical reaction, to adhere to the plasticized constituents and thus to the fibers of the pulp to result in improved properties of a totally mechanical pulp. The properties which are improved include the optical and printing properties of the paper made from the pulp.

Abstract: A sheet which is a composite of (A) from about 1 percent to about 30 percent of a water-dispersible fiber such as wood fiber, (B) from about 2 percent to about 30 percent of a film-forming, water-insoluble, organic polymer such as a copolymer of styrene and butadiene and (C) from about 60 percent to about 95 percent of a finely-divided, substantially water-insoluble, non-fibrous, inorganic filler such as magnesium hydroxide is prepared by steps comprising:(I) providing an aqueous dispersion of the fiber;(II) mixing therewith (A) the inorganic filler and (B) the organic polymer in the form of an ionically stabilized latex;(III) colloidally destabilizing the resulting mixture to form a fibrous agglomerate in aqueous suspension;(IV) distributing and draining the aqueous dispersion on a porous substrate such as a wire to form a wet web; and(V) drying the web.

Abstract: A bonding composition for incombustible fibrous materials comprising (a) a water-soluble polymer containing hydrazide groups or its adduct with a water-soluble alkaline earth metal salt of an inorganic acid and (b) a heavy metal ion capable of forming chelate with the water-soluble polymer or its adduct. The bonding composition is employed as bonding agents to prepare incombustible sheet materials from incombustible fibrous materials by adding the components (a) and (b) to an aqueous dispersion of the fibrous materials and forming sheets or by forming wet or dry sheets containing the component (b) and then making the component (a) contain in the sheets. The bonding composition has excellent bonding effect and the polymer itself becomes incombustible, so incombustible sheet materials having excellent strength can be economically obtained.

Abstract: A non-woven glass fiber-containing sheet composed of a top layer of a mixture of glass fiber with other fiber and a back layer of a mixture of fiber other than glass fiber with polyvinyl chloride fiber or polyvinyl chloride latex flocculate is a suitable substrate for processing it into flooring, walling, roofing, etc. by impregnating it with a polyvinyl chloride sol to strengthen the sheet without exudation of the sol onto the back layer surface.

Abstract: In a fiberboard composed of fibers bound together with a starch derivative produced by reacting maleic, phthalic, or succinic anhydride, or a combination of these anhydrides, with starch, an improvement in the Fourdrinier process for producing said fiberboard wherein the reaction product of the anhydride and starch is directly mixed, without drying, with fiber and other conventional ingredients, such as clay, and is then passed directly to the Fourdrinier machine.

Abstract: A process for improving the dry strength of paper and for improving the effect of optical brighteners in the preparation or coating of paper which includes the step of adding fillers and/or pigments and anionic brighteners to the paper making process the improvement comprising adding to paper making pulp a polypiperidine halide absorbed in a dispersed state on a fine-particle organic or inorganic carrier before the anionic brightener is added.

Abstract: Paper or cardboard products are manufactured by mixing an aqueous solution or dispersion of a cationic starch with an aqueous suspension of a kaolinitic clay filler, and adding the resulting mixture to a stock of cellulosic fibres to form a furnish containing the kaolinitic clay filler, the cationic starch and the cellulosic fibres, which furnish is then formed into the desired paper or cardboard products, the amount of shear to which the mixture containing the clay filler and cationic starch is subjected being controlled to ensure that the furnish contains flocs of clay filler and cationic starch of a desired size.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing hydrophobic porous fibrous sheet material suitable for use as a filter due to its inertness, strength, resistance to deterioration at elevated temperatures, and porosity, comprising impregnating a porous fibrous substrate with an aqueous dispersion consisting essentially of polytetrafluoroethylene or polytrifluorochloroethylene in an amount within the range from about 2 to about 40% by weight of the emulsion, and a silicone resin prepolymer such as a reactive polydimethylsiloxane in an amount within the range from about 0.1 to about 8% by weight of the emulsion; and drying the substrate at a temperature above about 525.degree. F.

Abstract: A process for coloring nonwoven webs of fibrous material, particularly air-layed webs, in which solid, water insoluble particulate pigments are introduced and intermixed with the fibers of the web to provide the coloring thereof. An initial formed web of fibrous material has a suspension of insoluble pigment in a liquid applied thereto, is fiberized, and is reformed into a web and bonded with a binding liquid. Alternatively, the pigment may be mixed with the separated fibers after the fibrous material is fiberized and before reforming.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a sheet containing mineral fibers and binder. An aqueous suspension containing fibers and binder is formed into a layer. The layer is de-watered to form a wet sheet. Additional binder is applied evenly to the entire surface of the de-watered sheet. The sheet is then dried. The sheet may be compressed to an extent of 20% during drying.

Abstract: An improved method for producing acoustical fiberboard, which method comprises adding agglomerate articles formed from an aqueous composition comprising fiberboard dust, a glactomannan gum or glactomannan gum derivative, and a crosslinking agent to an aqueous fiberboard slurry, is disclosed. The resulting acoustical fiberboard exhibits excellent sound absorption.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composite, self-supporting, polyurethane foam sheet prepared by forming an aqueous dispersion of hydrophilic polyurethane foam particles with fibers to serve as a binder therefor, wet-layering the dispersion onto a supporting screen to form a sheet, and removing water from the sheet. If desired, a porous web, woven or non-woven, e.g. paper, cloth, etc., can be positioned on the screen with the dispersion being layered out onto the web to form a laminar composite structure. Whether in sheet form or as a laminar structure the product of the invention is formed rapidly and possesses a desirable soft or cushioning feel.

Abstract: A method of increasing the amount of mineral filler which can be contained in filled paper sheet produced on a papermaking machine without consequentially reducing the mechanical properties such as the tensile strength of the paper sheet comprises incorporating the mineral filler into the paper pulp furnish, before the latter is transferred to the wire, in the form of a filler/polymer conglomerate formed by contacting the mineral filler with a relatively high molecular weight polymer having a zeta potential in the range of from -40 to +40 electron volts.

Abstract: A preflocculated filler composition for use in paper comprising a pigment, a starch phosphate and an organic polymeric retention aid such as a polyacrylamide, the combined weight of starch phosphate and organic polymeric retention aid on a solids basis being from 0.1 to 20 percent of the weight of the pigment.

Abstract: A process for directly forming multiple layer web, and creping such webs to provide absorbent, soft and bulky, creped tissue. The process produces a laminar fibrous formation with outer layers of strongly bonded fibers separated by an intermediate central section of weakly bonded fibers, which outer layers are creped such that the crepe in one outer layer is independent of the crepe in the other outer layer.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds are provided which are useful in the treatment of cellulose pulp and paper to reduce inter-fiber bonding and thereby obtain a low mechanical strength.A process is also provided for the treatment of cellulose pulp or paper therewith to reduce inter-fiber bonding and mechanical strength.

Abstract: Paper having adequate mechanical strength and stiffness for use in xerographic equipment at a very low weight is prepared from a stock containing untreated cellulose fibers as well as cellulose fibers stiffened by impregnation with melamine-formaldehyde precondensate or methylolurea, curing of the initially water-soluble resin, and reaction of the cured resin with polyvinyl alcohol or starch ether.

Abstract: A fibrous sheet bonded with a latex flocculate is produced by adding zinc white powders to a carboxyl modified anionic latex, adjusting the pH to at least 7, adding thereto a water soluble cationic polymer to obtain a latex flocculate, adding thus obtained flocculate to a fiber slurry and subjecting the fiber slurry to a known wet paper making process.

Abstract: Acid reactive mineral particles are treated by dissolving certain hydrophilic organic polymeric compounds in the interparticulate water of an aqueous dispersion of the mineral particles and adding an interacting chemical to insolubilize the polymeric material and thereby form stable particle plus polymer agglomerates having a decreased rate of attack by acid. The acid protected particle plus polymer agglomerates are formed with a paper furnish into a paper sheet. A particularly preferred mineral is calcium carbonate. Suitable polymeric compounds are starch, sodium alginate, casein and alkali- solubilized latices. Sometimes it may be advantageous to use organic polymeric compounds in combination with one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing paper or cardboard in which starch and a mineral filler are incorporated into cellulosic fibres. The process uses a blend, which is prepared under specified conditions, of raw starch and starch phosphate. The procedure for incorporating the starch blend and the mineral filler into the cellulosic fibres is also specified.

Abstract: An aqueous pulp slurry containing a cationic neutral sizing agent or a wet sheet prepared therefrom is treated with an oxidizing agent in a method of making a sized paper.

Abstract: Wet-lay papermaking processes employing urea-formaldehyde resin in a papermaking slurry for imparting wet strength to the paper, are improved by addition of a water soluble salt of carboxymethylcellulose to the papermaking slurry, preferably when the urea-formaldehyde resin is dispersed in the slurry. The carboxymethylcellulose salt substantially increases the wet strength cure rate of the paper without significantly affecting the ultimate wet strength properties imparted to the paper by the cured urea-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: A composite dry process hardboard includes a hardboard panel consisting of pressed defibrated and refined wood chips, plus a surface layer of paper cemented to the hardboard by a cured resin made from phenolic resin mixed with water and ethylene glycol. If desired, an embossed pattern may be incorporated into pressing the paper overlay. In the subject process, first a mass of defibrated wood chips is mixed with a binding agent, the mass is then formed into a mat which is coated with a mixture of phenolic resin and polyhydric compound such as a polyhydric alcohol having a boiling point higher than water. Then, a dry sheet of paper is laid on the mat and the composite structure is then cured by the application of heat and pressure.

Abstract: Dispersions of glass fibers are produced by agitating a mixture comprising water, glass fibers and a water solution of a linear polysiloxane containing at least 6 silicon atoms, each of said silicon atoms having 2 non-hydrolyzable oleophilic groups attached thereto.

Abstract: This invention represents an improvement in the method for making beater-saturated products by forming a slurry of asbestos fibers in water, precipitating a synthetic, non-film forming, organic binder in particulate form on said fibers to form a slurry of coated fibers, draining the slurry of coated fibers and forming a product therefrom. The improvement in accordance with this invention comprises controlling the drainage time of the slurry of coated fibers by adding to such slurry a film-forming secondary binder.

Abstract: Method of making TiO.sub.2 --CaCO.sub.3 combinations without involving a chemical reaction, said combinations, containing up to 50% CaCO.sub.3 in the combination, having the same scattering coefficient in paper as 100% TiO.sub.2 and method of making opaque paper containing the resulting combination.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a water-repellent, fluffy lightweight batt of wood pulp fibers comprising applying a water-repellent material to a surface of a dry wood pulp board so that the water-repellent penetrates through only a portion of the board. The treated board is ground to individualize the fibers, and the ground fibers are collected in a batt with the water-repellent treated fibers distributed uniformly throughout to produce a fluffy, water-repellent batt of wood pulp fibers.

Abstract: Fibrous assemblies, such as paper, having advantageous properties related to bulk, absorbency, and compaction resistance are obtained from discrete fiber aggregates by a process which comprises contacting a slurry of anionically charged fibers with a slurry of cationically charged fibers to form said discrete fiber aggregates and thereafter forming fibrous assemblies by conventional processes.

Abstract: Lightly cross-linked, water-insoluble copolymers of maleic anhydride with suitable vinyl monomers are dispersed with the aid of a surfactant in a cellulosic pulp slurry or papermaking furnish to prepare molded pulp or paper products incorporating said copolymer in finely divided form. The resulting product is treated with an alkaline agent such as ammonia gas or an alcoholic solution of an alkali metal hydroxide to convert the copolymer to a water-swellable salt form whereby the treated molded pulp or paper product has a high absorbency for aqueous fluids.

Abstract: An improved low density asbestos-cement product and the process whereby it is produced wherein an asphalt emulsion is combined with the formulation from which the product is made, which asphalt emulsion has an asphalt phase which asphalt has a softening point of at least 150.degree.F and is dispersed in water in globules all smaller than 10 microns.

Abstract: Beta Glass fibers are dispersed in a solution containing hydrochloric acid nd a hydrophobic fumed silicon dioxide treated with a silane thereby forming a slurry which is subjected to a sonic probe whereafter other glass fibers are mixed into said slurry and the mixture is formed into a glass fiber filter.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing stabilized, fluffy batts of individualized fibers by treating the surfaces of dense batts of fibers with materials which will react with each other on contact or which can be caused to react with each other by subsequent treatment. The treated dense batt is comminuted or ground to individualize fibers and the fibers collected in the form of a fluffy batt. The materials react with each other on contact or the fluffy batt may thereafter be teated to cause the materials to react. The resulting product is a lightweight, fluffy batt of individualized fibers having reacted materials uniformly distributed throughout the batt to provide the batt with the desired final properties, such as resiliency, absorbency and bulk in a stabilized state.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fluffy, lightweight batt of individualized fibers uniformly stabilized in its lofty state comprising applying to one surface of a dense batt of fibers a material capable of being activated to adhere adjacent fibers together. The treated dense batt is comminuted to individualize fibers and the fibers collected in the form of a batt. The batt is further treated to activate the material and stabilize the batt. The resulting product is a lightweight batt of individualized fibers which is stabilized uniformly throughout its depth.

Abstract: In a device for feeding fiber suspension to the web-forming part of a paper machine the tendency of the fibers in the suspension to flocculate and form fiber clusters, before being fed onto the web-forming wire, is eliminated by spraying jets of water or steam or both into the head box which is supplied with a fiber suspension of a consistency greater than the desired. The jets cause strong turbulences in the head box and thereby effectively disperse the fiber clusters.

Abstract: Non-woven fabric or paper-like material having excellent properties can be produced from fibers comprising hydroxymethyl cellulose xanthate by treating the fibers with a water soluble acid salt of aminoethylethanolamine monostearylamide.