Abstract: Tissue papers, in particular pattern densified tissue papers, having an enhanced tactile sense of softness when treated with certain polyhydroxy fatty acid amide softener systems that are biodegradable are disclosed. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides have the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl or a mixture thereof; R.sup.2 is a C.sub.5 -C.sub.31 hydrocarbyl group; and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain.

Abstract: A process for making paper to enhance the dry strength of the paper produced without reducing its softness, that comprises adding to a bleached pulp furnish a mixture of an anionic carboxymethyl guar or a carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl guar with a cationic guar that may be prepared by reacting a natural guar with caustic and subsequently with quaternary ammonium chloride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for sizing of paper by using a particular vinylamine polymer as a size-fixing aid. By the use of the vinylamine polymer as a size-fixing aid, it has become possible to obtain a paper having superior sizing properties by papermaking at a pH around neutrality using a hitherto known acidic sizing agents without using a neutral sizing agent. The method of the present invention further has effects that operating efficiency of papermaking is greatly improved since contaminations of a papermaking machine due to a neutral agent can be avoided, and therefore, the prices of paper can be greatly lowered. The present method has further advantages when it is applied under acidic papermaking condition of a pH of less than 5.5. In such a condition, the addition amount of alum can be decreased and the life of a papermaking machine can be prolonged. In spite of a small amount of alum added, a considerably good sizing effect can be obtained by the present method.

Abstract: A process for making paper to enhance the dry strength of the paper produced without substantially reducing its softness comprising adding to a bleached pulp furnish, separately or together, (1) an anionic polymer selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl guar, carboxymethyl bean gum, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl guar, and a carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar, with (2) a cationic polymer selected from the group consisting of a cationic guar, a cationic acrylamide copolymer, a cationic bean gum, a cationic amineepichlorohydrin wet strength resin, and both a cationic wet strength resin and at least one of the other said cationic polymers, a composition for adding to a paper-making pulp slurry comprising the said polymers, a method for making the said composition, and a paper product containing the said composition, are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for imparting wet strength to paper with improved water absorbency, that comprises adding to an aqueous suspension of cellulosic paper stock a neutral or alkaline-curing thermosetting wet-strength resin, a water-soluble polymer containing carboxyl groups or carboxylate ions as their alkali metal or ammonium salts, and a substantially non-thermosetting tertiary-amino polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin.

Abstract: Paper that is uniquely suitable for use in the aseptic packaging of foods, beverages, and the like is produced via a two step sizing process comprising an internal size step and a surface size step. The internal size includes approximately 1.0% anionic rosin and about 1.3 to 2.6% alum (based on the dry pulp weight) blended to a 4.0 to 4.5 pH controlled papermachine headbox stock furnish. Following web formation and drying, the surface size is applied with a composition including about 0.025 to 0.050% alkyl ketene dimer (based on the dry pulp weight) blended with a traditional starch formulation and sufficient sodium bicarbonate to both neutralize any unreacted alum present near the surface of the internally sized web and to produce a paper having a water extractable pH level of from about 4.0 to below 6.0. Secondary web drying follows the surface size application.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of paper from pulp employs at least one graft copolymer of starch selected from the group consisting of starch graft-polymethacrylic acid, starch graft-polyacrylic acid, cationic starch graft-polymethacrylic acid and cationic starch graft-polyacrylic acid as a wet-end additive. The graft copolymer preferably has an add on amount of acid of from about 0.1 to about 50% based on the weight of the starch, and is typically added to cellulosic pulp in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10% based on the weight of the pulp. Such wet-end additives are also useful in processes involving relatively high alum levels of up to about 15 or 25%, based on the weight of the pulp.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants in a pulp and papermaking system comprising adding to the system an effective amount of a detackifying composition comprising a charged polymer and an oppositely charged surfactant, with the proviso that at least the polymer or the surfactant be surface active.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a basic composition for the manufacture of a product in sheet form, obtained in particular by the wet method, of the type comprising a mixture of a polymer powder of given granulometry and of fibers, characterized in that it comprises a preferably intimate mixture of:a) at least one elastomer powder, of granulometry less than about 500 .mu.m, called elastomer fine dust, andb) fibers of length less than about 10 mm, selected from the group composed of natural fibers, inorganic fibers and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Cellulose fibre containing products in sheet or web form, such as paper and pulp sheets, are produced from a suspension of cellulose containing fibres, and optional fillers, to which is added anionic inorganic particles, such as bentonite and silica based particles, and a cationic carbohydrate polymer containing aluminum. The cationic carbohydrate polymers are cationic galactomannans or cationic starch. High cationized starch with a degree of substitution of at least 0.07 are especially suitable.

Abstract: There is disclosed a filled cellulosic fiber composition, as well as a method for filling dried cellulosic fibers with an inorganic filler by contacting the dried fibers with a first salt solution, followed by contact with a second salt solution. The first and second salt solutions combine to form a precipitate within the cell wall of the cellulosic fibers. The filled cellulosic fiber composition may be made into a variety of paper products, including paper, having a high filler content. The precipitates of the present invention include carbonates, phosphates, silicates and borates of aluminum, barium, calcium, magnesium and zinc. The first salts include carbonates, phosphates, silicates and borates of sodium, ammonium, potassium and lithium, and the second salts include chlorides, nitrates, and sulfates of aluminum, barium, calcium, magnesium and zinc.

Abstract: A process for making paper to enhance the softness of the paper produced without reducing its dry strength comprises adding to the pulp slurry as a binder resin a cellulosic polymer that exhibits a cloud point in aqueous solution, and allowing the dissolved polymer to coalesce into fine colloidal particles at a temperature above the cloud point either before or after it is added to the slurry.

Abstract: Pigments for the papermaking industry, in particular kaolin, are treated with a high molecular polymerizate that is solvated by means of carboxylate groups and belongs to an ethylenically unsaturated, radically polymerizable carboxylic acid as the binder. By gradually adding an acidifying agent the binder is coacervated and totally precipitated on the pigment. It is important that the quantity of the acidifying agent is limited in such a manner that the pigment retains a negative surface charge and the coacervate still contains water. With the pigment treated thus printing papers with increased pigment content and/or increased breaking strength can be manufactured.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for improving the retention of mineral fillers and cellulose fibers on a cellulosic fiber sheet. The method comprising the steps of preparing a cellulose pulp slurry; adding before a shearing step an effective amount of a copolymer flocculant to the cellulose pulp slurry, the copolymer flocculant is a high molecular weight cationic copolymer of acrylamide and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, the flocculant copolymer should contain from about 20 to about 60 mole percent diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride mer units. After a shearing step adding an effective amount of a high molecular weight water-soluble anionic flocculant. A cellulosic fiber sheet is then formed from the cellulose pulp slurry which includes both the copolymer flocculant and anionic flocculant.

Abstract: Process in manufacturing paper wherein stock is prepared using cellulose fiber material which contains calcium sulfate (gypsum). said material being disintegrated in an aqueous medium in order to form part of the stock for the paper to be produced. The characterizing feature of the process is that(a) carbonate ions and/or hydrogen carbonate ions (CO.sub.3.sup.2- or resp. HCO.sub.e.sup.- ) are supplied to the aqueous medium, and(b) the pH in the aqueous medium is adjusted to an alkaline value so that calcium carbonate precipitates and forms part of the suspension.There are overall major advantages provided by the process in the context of applying gypsum coatings on paper, inasmuch as broke can be reused in the process without any troublesome gypsum precipitation.

Abstract: The use of very high molecular weight polymers which are substantially completely water soluble as flocculants in paper making improves drainage time without adversely affecting formation, even when used in high shear processes.

Abstract: The manufacture of sag-resistant, lightweight structural mineral panels on a foraminous support wire is accomplished by forming a dilute aqueous dispersion of mineral fiber and/or aggregate and an anionically stabilized latex binder, coupling the binder solids onto the mineral fiber materials by adding a small amount of a flocculant such as a cationic polyacrylamide, and passing the slurry onto a first flooded section of the support wire to form an open, entangled, structural mass having water in interstitial spaces of the entangled mass. Water is stripped from the mass and the mass dried without collapse of the open structure by passing heated dry air through the open entangled structure.

Abstract: There is disclosed an aqueous suspension of a particulate calcium-containing filler in which the particles of filler are surface treated with a dispersing agent comprising an anionic polyelectrolyte, characterized in that said dispersing agent further comprises sufficient of a cationic polyelectrolyte to render the particles cationic. The aqueous suspension is useful in the manufacture of paper.

Abstract: Paper or paperboard is made by forming an aqueous cellulosic suspension, passing the cellulosic suspension through one or more shear stages, draining the suspension to form a sheet and drying the sheet, wherein the cellulosic suspension that is drained includes organic polymeric material and inorganic material, wherein said organic polymeric material is a flocculant having a molecular weight above 500,000 and is added to the suspension before one of the said shear stages and wherein said inorganic material comprises bentonite which added to the suspension after that shear stage, characterised in that the organic polymeric material comprises an anionic or non-ionic polymer.

Abstract: Bentonite swelling clay is provided to a paper making mill as a fluid concentrate containing more than 15% bentonite wherein swelling of the bentonite is prevented by inorganic electrolyte in the concentrate, and the bentonite swells upon dilution either before addition of the cellulosic suspension or after addition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for loading a chemical compound within the fibers of a fibrous material and to the fibrous materials produced by the method. In the method, a fibrous cellulose material is provided which consists of a plurality of elongated fibers having a fiber wall surrounding a hollow interior. The fibrous material has a moisture content such that the level of water ranges from 40-95% of the weight of the fibrous material and the water is positioned substantially within the hollow interior of the fibers and within the fiber walls of the fibers. A chemical is added to the fibrous material in a manner such that the chemical is disposed in the water present in the fibrous material. The fibrous material is then contacted with a gas which is reactive with the chemical to form a water insoluble chemical compound. The method provides a fibrous material having a chemical compound loaded within the hollow interiors and within the fiber walls of the plurality of fibers.

Abstract: A method of making a fibrous web containing at least two particulate materials and which includes mixing the dry particulate materials together in a substantially dry condition, using the dry mix to form at least part of an aqueous dispersion of fibres, and draining the dispersion to form a web.

Abstract: Absorbent structures such as tissues, towels, wipes, and the like, are prepared from mixed furnishes. One furnish comprises a typical pulp slurry, whereas the second furnish is treated with a latex material. Particular types of surface-hydrophilic latexes, both cationic and nonionic, are disclosed for use with the second furnish. The resulting paper articles are characterized by their improved feel, strength and absorbency.

Abstract: Processes for making paper are disclosed wherein a cationic polymer and an amorphous metal silicate material are added to a paper furnish prior to introduction of the furnish to the headbox of a paper making apparatus.

Abstract: The use of very high molecular weight polymers which are substantially completely water soluble as flocculants in paper making improves drainage time without adversely affecting formation, even when used in high shear processes.

Abstract: A papermaking process includes the steps of adding to the papermaking cellulosic slurry first a high molecular weight cationic polymer and then a medium molecular weight anionic polymer, to improve drainage and retention. The anionic polymer includes ionizable sulfonate.

Abstract: A process for improving art chemistry in papermaking is accomplished by the addition of a cationic polymer and natural hectorite to the furnish prior to headbox. The cationic polymer has an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 5 to 25 dl/g and a charge density of 0.78 to 5 equivalent cationic nitrogen per Kg. The natural hectorite is added in an amount of 0.5 to 6 lbs/ton dry base sheet and the weight ratio of cationic polymer to natural hectorite being 0.5:1 to 10:1.

Abstract: One or more layers of a sheet comprising (1) 60% to 99%, based on the weight of solids, of vermiculite delaminated by mechanical means only, (2) 1% to 40%, based on the weight of solids, of at least one fibrous material and (3) 0.1% to 4%, based on the weight of the vermiculite, of at least one flocculating agent, can be used to protect heat-sensitive substrates such as resin matrix composites from fire or heat.

Abstract: A form of calcium carbonate, acid-stabilized by the addition to finely divided calcium carbonate of one of a calcium- chelating agent and a conjugate base, such as sodium hexametaphosphate, followed by the addition of a weak acid, such as phosphoric acid, is disclosed. A process for producing this material, and a method for its use in the making of neutral to acidic paper in order to improve the optical properties of the paper are also disclosed.

Abstract: Material, such as natural ground and precipitated calcium carbonate, when modified by surface-treatment with a cationic polymer, has been discovered to be highly effective as a filler material in the making of paper. Utilization of this type of filler material greatly improves the papermaking process by reducing the usage of wet end sizing agent, improving opacity, improving filler retention in the furnish, and causing better drainage on the papermachine, all of which result in the production of a high quality paper having excellent opacity and tensile strength characteristics. The nature of the polymer-modified filler material, the process for its preparation and the method of its use in papermaking are disclosed.

Abstract: Paper, board and cardboard are produced by draining a paper stock, containing undesirable substances, in the presence of hydrolyzed homo- and/or copolymers of N-vinylformamide having a degree of hydrolysis of not less than 60% and a cationic retention aid. According to the invention, faster drainage and improved retention are obtained compared with the use of known fixing agents.

Abstract: A paper for fiber reinforcement in a base layer of a cellulose-based packaging film, in particular a tubular artificial sausage casing, or for tea-bags, wherein the paper includes alginic acid and/or an alginate which is substantially insoluble in water. A process for producing the paper which includes adding a water-soluble alginate to an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers and precipitating the water-soluble alginate so as to form a substantially water-insoluble alginic acid or alginate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making a composite sheet using papermaking techniques. The composite sheet comprises (1) 20% to 99%, based on the weight of solids, of vermiculite delaminated by mechanical shearing only, (2) 1% to 80%, based on the weight of solids, of at least one fibrous material and (3) 0.1% to 10%, based on the weight of the vermiculite, of at least one flocculating agent.

Abstract: A nonwoven composite web consists of 15 to 50 wt. % of first polyester fibers having a first length, a first denier and a first melting temperature; 15 to 50 wt. % of second polyester fibers having a second length, a second denier and a second melting temperature; 15 to 50 wt. % of third polyester fibers having a third length, a third denier and a third melting temperature; 10 to 35 wt. % of polypropylene fibers; and 1 to 25 wt. % of cellulose fibers. The first, second and third lengths are no less than 1/2 inch, the first, second and third denier are no less than 1.5, and the third melting temperature is less than the first and second melting temperatures respectively. The first and second polyester fibers, the polypropylene fibers and the cellulose fibers are bonded to each other at least in part by solidification of the third polyester fibers after subjecting the web to temperatures in excess of the third melting temperature but not in excess of the first and second melting temperatures.

Abstract: The wet-end coloring of paper with pigments and fixers is carried out by a process in which the pigment and fixer are added simultaneously to the paper pulp to be colored, and the fixer used is a cationic fixer, in an amount of from 0.01 to 3% by weight, based on the dry paper pulp to be colored.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing paper is characterized by the fact that there is introduced into the fibrous composition constituting the starting or raw material, at two or several points, particularly in the wet end, separately from one another, one (or several) cationic starch(es) and one (or several) anionic starch(es) other than a starch phosphate.

Abstract: A process for the production of paper by forming and dewatering a suspension of cellulose containing fibres, and optional fillers, on a wire. The forming and dewatering is carried out in the presence of a combination of an aluminum compound, a cationic retention agent and a polymeric silicic acid having a high specific surface area. The combination of substances improves dewatering and retention of fines and fillers.

Abstract: A process in which fine paper is made by forming an aqueous cellulosic suspension comprising fibers, a precipitated calcium carbonate filler and a cationic starch strengthening agent, passing the suspension through one or more shear stages, draining the suspension to form a sheet and drying the sheet. The retention and drainage properties of the suspension are substantially improved via the addition of a cationic coagulant having a molecular weight in the range between about 2,000 to about 500,000 to the suspension prior to any of the shear stages, an anionic flocculant having a molecular weight of at least 500,000 to the suspension after the low molecular weight coagulant but before any of the shear stages, and an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of: bentonite, colloidal silica and other inorganic microparticle materials, to the suspension after at least one of the shear stages.

Abstract: Mineral paper is provided which comprises a wet-laid sheet of 1) fibers, 2) a floc of a silicate selected from the group consisting of mica and vermiculite, the said floc having a cationic polymeric flocculant having a molecular weight in the range of from about 10,000 to about 1,000,000, and 3) a non-ionic polymeric flocculant having a molecular weight of from about 2,000,000 to about 10,000,000. A process is described herein for the preparation of the paper using the two flocculants by first flocculating with the cationic polymeric flocculant and then flocculating in another step with the non-ionic polymeric flocculant to obtain an easily drained flocculated mixture which is dewatered to obtain the mineral paper.

Abstract: A new cationized subsequently cross-linked starch is described in connection with improved method of paper making in the wet-end system of a paper machine utilizing a Neutral or Alkaline furnish.

Abstract: Sizing compounds particularly cyclic acid anhydrides are used as such or in solution with non-aqueous protic and/or protic solvents to mass-size cellulose products such as paper, board, cardboard and similar cellulose and synthetic fibre products. In a preferred embodiment, the cyclic acid anhydrides or their solutions in inert solvents are introduced into the wet-end of the paper machine at a position where the paper slurry is in a highly turbulent state so that they are immediately homogenized and reacted with the cellulose stock.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a paper having improved properties, a process of producing the paper, and compositions used in the process of producing the paper. The invention generally comprises using a cationic starch in combination with a naturally anionic polysaccharide gum.

Abstract: A papermaking process includes the steps of adding to the papermaking celllulosic slurry first a high molecular weight cationic polymer and then a medium weight anionic polymer. The cationic polymer is added after the addition of filler, but before at least one of the shear stages to which the slurry is subjected prior to sheet formation and drainage. The anionic polymer is added after the shear stage which is subsequent to the addition of the cationic polymer.

Abstract: Addition of hectorite and a cationic starch to the furnish in a paper making operation improves the retention of filler material and the quality of the paper.

Abstract: A process of making paper by forming a paper furnish comprised of cellulosic fibers or cellulosic fibers and mineral filler material suspended in water, depositing the furnish on a papermaking wire, and forming a sheet out of the solid components of the furnish while carried on the wire, the improvement wherein there is mixed into the furnish, prior to its being deposited on the wire, about 0.50 to 5 percent of cationic starch (based on the dry weight of total solids in the furnish) followed by about 5 to 20 percent of a water soluble carboxymethyl) cellulose (based on the weight of the cationic starch).

Abstract: A photographic layer carrier, made of a paper coated with polyolefin resin with improved sheet structure and improved strength values, comprises a base paper which includes, in additon ot hydrophobic-properties conveying sizing agent and a cationic wet-proof-properties conveying agent, an amphoteric polyacryl amide and/or polymethacryl amide.

Abstract: The fines retention or drainage properties of mechanical pulps in the paper making process are improved by including in the thin stock, not after the last point of high shear, particles of a water-dispersible colloid siliceous material such as a bentonite clay in intimate association with a low molecular weight water soluble high anionic charge density polymer, such as polyacrylic acid having a molecular weight below 50,000 and a charge density of at least 4 m eq/g and further including in the thin stock, after the last point of high shear, a non-ionic high molecular weight polyelectrolyte such as polyacrylamide having a molecular weight of at least 100,000.

Abstract: A filler composition that is suitable for use in the manufacture of paper, board, wet-laid non-wovens or other fibrous sheet materials comprises (preferably flocculated) filler particles (e.g. mineral fillers such as clay, talc or calcium carbonate) attached to fibres (e.g. synthetic organic fibres such as polyester or aramid fibres) by means of a coupling agent. These fibres generally have an average fibre length of 4 mm or more. Suitable coupling agents include oligomeric and other polymeric materials such as modified starch, cellulose ethers and derivatives thereof, modified natural gums, ketene dimers or poly(vinyl alcohol). Colloidal silica or colloidal bentonite clay may also be included. The filler composition is preferably added to the stock before the latter reaches the flowbox of the sheet-making machine. The invention allows high levels of filler to be achieved while maintaining satisfactory strength properties, in particular tear strength, in the sheet.

Abstract: The composition comprises a water dispersible colloidal siliceous material, such as a swelling clay, in intimate association with a low molecular weight water soluble high anionic charge density organic polymer, such as a polyacrylic acid or a polyamine, the ionicity of the siliceous material being significantly modified by the charge on the polymer. The composition may be produced by reacting the siliceous material and the organic polymer in an aqueous phase system at a concentration, for example, of from 5 to 25% by weight of the polymer on swelling clay solids. The composition is suitable for use as a retention/drainage agent in paper or paperboard production, preferably after the addition of a conventional high molecular weight flocculating agent.

Abstract: A method of making a photographic paper support having improved raw stock keeping characteristics by an internal acid sizing step and an external alkaline sizing step to achieve a water extractable pH of from 6 to 9.5.