Abstract: Processes are described for making highly absorbent tissues and towels by wet-laying pulps comprising particular polycarboxylate polymer-modified fibrous pulps such as mildly hydrolyzed methyl acrylate-grafted softwood kraft pulps; these pulps have distinct protonated and alkali-metal-cation-exchanged states. The wet-laying processes are adapted to exploit the very different behavior of the polymer-modified fibrous pulps in function of the two states. The preferred wet-laying processes described herein are continuous processes embodying one or more on-line chemical treatment steps which chemically switch state of the polymer-modified fibrous pulp component in a wet web on the papermaking machine to improve the processing thereof by averting or minimizing tendencies to mechanically or thermally degrade.

Abstract: The media comprises cellulosic fiber and silica based particulate or fiber filter elements and a charge modifying amount of a cationic charge modifying system bonded to the surfaces thereof.A component of the charge modifying system is a primary charge modifying agent characterized as a water soluble organic polymer capable of being adsorbed into the filter elements and having a molecular weight greater than about 1000. Each monomer of the polymer can have at least one epoxide group capable of bonding to the surface of the filter elements and at least one quaternary ammonium group. Preferably, the primary charge modifying agent is a polyamido-polyamine epichlorohydrin resin, a polyamine epichlorohydrin resin, or a resin based upon diallylnitrogen-containing materials reacted with epichlorohydrin. A portion of the epoxy groups on the organic polymer are bonded to the secondary charge modifying agent.

Abstract: In a process for making paper from an aqueous paper pulp, especially a pulp containing bleached/unbleached mechanical pulps or unbleached chemical pulps, a combination of chemicals is added for improving drainage and retention. As drainage-and retention-improving aids are added a cationic polyacrylamide and a sol of colloidal inorganic particles having at least one surface layer of aluminium silicate or aluminum-modified silicic acid.

Abstract: Dry market pulp is made by shearing a cellulosic suspension and draining it through a screen to form a pulp sheet which is then dried, and the productivity of the process is increased by adding a water soluble cationic polymer before the shearing and bentonite or other suitable inorganic material after the shearing.

Abstract: In the production of paper or pulp sheets from a paper stock, a binder is added which comprises cationic and anionic components to improve the paper characteristics and the stock characteristics, such that increased retention and a more readily dewatered stock are obtained.The anionic component consists of colloidal anionic particles having at least one surface layer of aluminum silicate or aluminum-modified silicic acid, such that the surface groups of the particles contain silicium and aluminum atoms in a ratio of from 9.5:0.5 to 7.5:2.5.The cationic component consists of cationic carbohydrate having a degree of substitution of 0.01-1.0.

Abstract: The use of anionic polysilicate microgels with an organic polymer to flocculate pulp and filler fines, such that water removal is easier and fines retention is greater.

Abstract: Process for using papermaking techniques for preparing a sheet material with improved on-machine retention, sheet material thus obtained and its application, notably in the field of printing and writing, packaging and coverings.The invention relates to a process for using papermaking techniques to make a sheet material.This material copmrises, in addition to the fibres, an organic binder, a non-binding mineral filler and a flocculant, as well as various conventional additives, this process being characterized by the fact that the mineral filler and the binder are flocculated beforehand before being incorporated into the fibre suspension.The material thus prepared has enhanced mineral filler retention and physical properties and can be used as printing and writing medium, covering medium, packaging medium or for obtaining complexes for industrial or foodstuffs use.

Abstract: A process for making a wet-laid, elongate, nonwoven flexible sheet having an additive distributed in a predetermined cross-directional pattern includes providing two synthetic fibrous stocks containing the additive in a concentration higher in one stock than in the other stock. The stocks are supplied to a paper machine having a headbox for depositing the stocks on a wire to form a wet sheet with the stocks being introduced into the headbox from a plurality of cross-directional positions equally spaced-apart along the headbox with a generally equal amount of solids being introduced at each position and with the stock with the higher concentration being introduced in higher quantity than the other stock at least at one cross-directional position so that the additive is distributed in the predetermined cross-directional pattern.

Abstract: Aqueous suspensions of papermaking fibres and filler are each separately treated with an anionic or a cationic polymer, after which the filler (preferably) or the papermaking fibre is treated with a polymer of opposite charge to that used in the initial treatment. The filler and papermaking suspensions are then mixed to form a papermaking stock, with dilution as necessary before, during or after the mixing operation. This stock is then used to form a loaded paper web in conventional manner. The initial treating polymer is preferably a papermaking retention aid or flocculant, e.g. a cationic polyarcylamide or an amine/amide/epichlorohydrin copolymer in the case of cationic materials or an anionic polyacrylamide in the case of anionic materials. The further treating polymer is preferably an anionic or cationic starch, depending on the charge of the initial treating polymer.

Abstract: A reinforced thermoplastic material is made according to a wet process starting with an aqueous suspension of reinforcing fibers and of a powder obtained by grinding of granules composed of at least one thermoplastic resin and at least one adjuvant. The material is intended to be transformed by molding, molding-stamping or thermomolding into the final product.

Abstract: Paper or paper board is made by passing an aqueous cellulosic suspension through a centriscreen or other shear device and then draining the purified suspension, and an improved combination of retention, drainage, drying and formation is achieved by adding to the suspension an excess of high molecular weight linear synthetic cationic polymer before shearing the suspension and adding bentonite after shearing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for obtaining retention of the manufacture of paper, whereby one adds a cationic, high polymer polysaccharide at the preparation of a stock of paper pulp; that one adds an anionic aluminium compound, or a combination of an aluminium salt and an alkali or an acid to the formation in situ of such an anionic aluminium compound immediately prior to the head box, whereby pH immediately prior to the head box is kept at pH 7 to 8.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of paper and paper products is disclosed in which an alkali metal Kurrol's salt, preferably potassium Kurrol's salt, is added to the process water to improve the process water drainage from the paper pulp.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing paper or like products which contains retention agent and inorganic filler. The retention and technical properties of the paper are enhanced by coflocculating the filler with a cellulosic material having a large specific surface area (fine pulp) prior to introducing floc suspension into the stock, and by subjecting the flocs to a floc size-controlling shearing process in a particular reaction vessel to produce flocs that have a mean particle size within the range of 2-4 mm. The particular reaction vessel used herefor incorporates a mixing zone, a flocculation zone, separator means located between the mixing zone and flocculation zone, a shearing zone and a sedimentation zone.

Abstract: An improved paper making filler composition is comprised of the combination of a paper making pigment admixed with a cationic water soluble polymer in an aqueous dispersion, wherein the cationic water soluble polymer is present in said dispersion in the amount of from 0.1 to 2.0 weight percent based on said pigment, the cationic water soluble polymer being selected from the group consisting of polymers comprised of at least fifty percent by weight of repeating units consisting of a quaternary ammonium salt moiety and from 2 to 10 carbons, wherein the carbons form alkyl or aryl moieties or combinations thereof, may be substituted with hydroxy, amine, or halide, and polyaluminum chloride and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A new method for internally strengthening products formed from fibrous materials and the resulting products are provided. The method is characterized by the use of a wet-end additive and specifically a particular grade of polyvinyl alcohol which is super-hydrolyzed and which is substantially insoluble in water maintained at 130 degrees Fahrenheit. In addition, the polyvinyl alcohol particles have an extremely high hydrated bulk volume so that they form a highly stable suspension in water and which aids in achieving high retention of the particles in the web of the resulting product. The products formed by the method as described exhibit substantial improvements in strength properties.

Abstract: The invention is a method of sizing paper and, in particular, paper made under neutral to alkaline conditions at least as high as 10.5. The papermaking stock is first treated with a polycationic material to provide sizing receptive sites uniformly distributed over the fiber surface. The presence of the anchoring points is critical to the later redistribution of the sizing material in the dryer section of the paper machine. The sizing material is then added to the slurry. This is then brought down onto the fibers by addition of a small amount of a size precipitant such as alum. The sizing molecule should have a hydrophilic portion with two hetero atoms forming a bidentate analog structure. This must have a pK in water of 6.0 or higher and a vapor pressure preferably at least 0.0006 mm Hg at 60.degree. C. The polycationic material provides anchoring/orienting sites on the fiber to which the small globules of sizing attach when the emulsion is broken by the precipitant.

Abstract: Method of forming a beater-saturated non-woven sheet by treating a slurry of papermaking fibers with alum and either sodium carbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide to achieve a pH in the range of about 7-9 followed by adding a binder latex which deposits on the fibers, and finally forming a sheet from the resulting slurry.

Abstract: A process for making paper using a substituted succinic anhydride as a sizing agent which has the steps of preparing pulp slurry containing (a) an aqueous dispersion of a substituted succinic anhydride in which a cationic tapioca starch containing at least 0.3 percent by weight of basic nitrogen is added and mixed, and (b) a colloidal silica, and forming a paper sheet to improve the retentions of a fine fiber and a filler in the pulp slurry in the sheet forming step and to largely suppress the operation of decreasing the sizing performance of the substituted succinic anhydride with the colloidal silica (b) added as the retention aid, thereby preparing sheet paper having excellent sizing effect. Thus, the process for making paper can not only remarkably reduce the sizing cost but can also efficiently utilize the fine fiber and the filler in the pulp slurry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing paper by the addition of a retention - dry strength agent system. The system consists ofcationic starch with a substitution degree of at least 0.005 in an amount of at least 1%,anionic high-polymer with a molecular weight greater than 10.sup.6 and in an amount of 0.003-0.5%, andcationic synthethic polymer in an amount of 0.005-0.5%.

Abstract: The present invention is a composite flooring felt for vinyl flooring containing a blend of latexes and an activator. Also included is a process for preparing the flooring felt composite. The process can additionally contain a wet strength resin and a flocculant.

Abstract: Aqueous pigment suspensions which are added to the stock suspension during papermaking and contain, as a dispersant, from 0.1 to 2% by weight, based on the pigment, of a copolymer which contains, as copolymerized units,(a) from 40 to 95% by weight of an ester of (meth)acrylic acid with a saturated monohydric C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alcohol or with a saturated dihydric C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alcohol and(b) from 60 to 5% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 -carboxylic acidand has a K value of from 10 to 65 (determined according to H. Fikentscher in 1% aqueous solution in the form of the ammonium salt at pH 9 and at 20.degree. C.), their preparation and their use.

Abstract: A papermaking stock comprising cellulose fibers in an aqueous medium at a concentration of preferably about 50% by weight of the total solids in the stock including a retention and dewatering aid comprising a two component combination of an anionic polyacrylamide and a cationic colloidal silicia sol. The stock exhibits enhanced resistance to shear forces during the papermaking process. A papermaking process is also described.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the dewatering of paper during the papermaking process which includes adding a low molecular weight cationic coagulant and then colloidal silica and a high molecular weight flocculant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a paper sheet obtained essentially from (parts by dry weight)______________________________________ Fibers (cellulosic and 20 to 40 "basic mixture" non-cellulosic) Fillers 80 to 60 Latex 40 to 105 ______________________________________in particular by a process of double flocculation, which has a very high resistance to delamination. The invention is applicable to floor and wall coverings.

Abstract: A relatively inexpensive mat is provided which through the application of heat and pressure readily can be densified to form rigid shaped articles. The mat is substantially free of a binder (e.g., a latex binder) and consists essentially of a substantially random array of (a) relatively coarse cellulosic fibers, (b) thermoplastic synthetic polymer fibrils, (c) non-fibrous thermoplastic synthetic polymer particles, and (d) substantially void-free substantially water-insoluble particulate inorganic material (e.g., talc) in the specified quantities. The mat preferably is formed by wet-laying from an aqueous dispersion wherein the (c) and (d) components are dispersed among and physically retained by the (a) and (b) components. A plurality of the mats while stacked may be subjected to heat and pressure to accomplish densification and thermal bonding within and between adjoining sheets to form a laminate.

Abstract: In making paper from an aqueous paper making stock, a binder comprising colloidal silicic acid and guar gum is added to the stock for improving the paper or the retention of the stock components so that the pollution problems and the amount of valuable substances in the white water are reduced. The guar gum is amphoteric or preferably cationic and may form part of the binder complex in a mixture with cationic starch. The weight ratio of guar gum to SiO.sub.2 or of guar gum plus cationic starch to SiO.sub.2 is between 0.1:1 and 25:1.

Abstract: Paper and cardboard are produced by draining a paper stock by a method in which a stock having a consistency of from 2.5 to 5% by weight is used as a starting material, and (a) from 0.1 to 2% by weight of an activated bentonite are added and the stock consistency is then brought to 0.3-2% by weight by dilution with water, after which (b) from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a cationic polyelectrolyte having a charge density of not less than 4 meq/g of polyelectrolyte is added and distributed therein, and, after thorough mixing (c) from 0.003 to 0.3% by weight of a high molecular weight polymer based on acrylamide or methacrylamide is metered in and mixed with the paper stock, the percentages in each case being based on dry paper stock, and the resulting pulp is drained on a wire. The paper obtained is distinguished in particular by good printing properties in the offset printing process.

Abstract: A paper making process with improved retention and binding of fillers is characterized by the use of an amphoteric mucous compound as binder. The preferred compound is the reaction product between cationic starch (CS) of low charge density and a polysaccharide acid such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). This compound has amphoteric and mucous character and should be used for enveloping fillers, while in a unique transient structure. This structure is characterized by filler particles being enclosed and finely distributed in droplets of the highly hydrated but substantially water-insoluble mucous compound. According to the invention this transient structure should further be reorganized to a less hydrated and more resistant gel structure, still enclosing the filler. This gel structure can stand the draining forces on a paper machine wire screen. This structural reorganization is achieved by reaction with colloidal particles, especially of polyaluminum-oxy-citrate compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing a sheet with improved stiffness by mixing a fiber, a latex having minimum film forming conditions greater than the conditions the sheet reaches during drying and a fugitive coalescing agent. The mixture is collected and dried under conditions less than the minimum film forming conditions of the latex. The process enables hard latexes to be employed which do not form films under the drying conditions of the sheet whereby the hard latexes can contribute to the stiffness of the final sheet. A sheet prepared by the process is also provided.

Abstract: The ceramic article, after molding and while in a porous condition, is surface hardened not by being placed in a kiln and exposed to high temperatures, but is operatively arranged to have a combustible gas-air mixture pumped under appropriate pressure through the porosity of its molded shape. The exiting gas-air mixture is, according to the present invention, ignited, and this causes the exterior surface of the molded shape to incandesce, with the result that the external surface hardens without causing internal stresses within the article, and also avoids causing differential thermal expansion between the exterior surface and the fiber substance of the article adjacent thereto.

Abstract: Process for production of anionically charged filter media sheet including pretreatment of filter elements with cationic charge modifier, preferably, employing inorganic colloidal silica charge modifiers. The resulting filters are used for the removal of haze or haze formers from beverages.

Abstract: An improved binder for use in paper-making contains three ingredients, a cationic starch having a degree of substitution of at least 0.01, a high molecular weight anionic polymer having a molecular weight of at least 500,000 and a degree of anionic substitution of at least 0.01, and a dispersed silica having a particle size ranging from between about 1-50 nanometers.

Abstract: A novel, improved battery separator material particularly adaptable for use in maintenance free batteries. The battery separator material includes a diatomaceous earth filler, an acrylate copolymer binder and a combination of fibers comprising polyolefin, polyester and glass fibers.

Abstract: Non-woven, fibrous composite materials in sheet form are disclosed which are particularly useful as dimensionally stable backings and interliners for surface covering laminates. A method of producing these sheets and laminates is also disclosed.

Abstract: The tearing strength of paper is improved by providing a furnish in which the fiber content is predominantly refined fiber with a minor amount, preferably 2 to 10 wt. %, of added unrefined fiber having incorporated therein a heat activatable bonding agent, particularly starch. The bonding agent adheres to and coats the added fiber without chemically reacting with the fiber. A cationic material, particularly polyethyleneimine, is premixed with the raw starch to cause it to adhere to the added fiber. During heat drying of the formed paper the starch is gelatinized to effect enhanced bonding of the added fiber.

Abstract: A method for sizing cellulosic fiber containing paper with a sizing agent having the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 12 to 24. The sizing agent is reacted with the paper at a pH of from about 11 to about 14 in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a new method for preparing a fibrous product containing cellulosic fibers and which is useful, in particular in lieu of asbestos, in the field of covering panels such as for instance wall and floor covering panels. Said method comprises the formation of a sheet according to a paper-making technique from an aqueous suspension comprising:slightly refined cellulosic fibers having a Schopper-Riegler degree comprised between 15 and 35, in association, if the occasion arises, with non-cellulosic fibers,an inorganic flocculating agent,an organic polymeric binder, andan inorganic filler,and the squeezing of the wet drained sheet under a linear load of 5 to 35 kg/cm, then the drying of the squeezed sheet.The sheet thus obtained is, if the occasion arises, subjected to a mechanical and/or chemical complementary treatment.The invention is also concerned with the sheet obtained according to this method, as a new industrial product.

Abstract: Resin coated papers having improved properties especially edge penetration are made using an alkyl ketene dimer neutral size, a wet strength resin and an anionic polyelectrolyte to control the streaming potential of the papermaking stock during manufacture of the paper. Advantageously a supplementary size especially an epoxidized fatty acid amide is also used.

Abstract: Paper of improved properties is produced from pulp in which filler is selectively loaded within the fiber lumens by agitating a suspension of pulp and filler until the fiber lumens become loaded with filler, separating the residual suspended filler from the loaded fibers and vigorously washing the pulp until substantially all of the filler on the external surfaces of the fibers is removed.

Abstract: Polymer, co-polymer and/or elastomer containing paper is manufactured for a wide variety of end uses. The paper is remarkably homogeneous and retains its porosity even when it contains large quantities of polymer, co-polymer or elastomer. The latex and the fibrous slurry are mixed at the wet end in conjunction with a polyelectrolyte bridging agent, the bridging agent having a cationic charge and the latex and fibrous material having an anionic charge. In this way, the latex particles in their substantially original size become linked with the fibrous material by means of the intermediate bridging agent and without the latex undergoing any substantially coagulation or precipitation.

Abstract: A method of making a shaped cellulosic paper or paperboard, comprising the steps of:(a) diluting cellulosic fibers with water to form an aqueous suspension of less than 10 percent by weight cellulosic fibers;(b) agitating the aqueous suspension of cellulosic fibers until the fibers become separated from each other and swollen;(c) dewatering the aqueous suspension to at least 20 percent weight cellulosic fibers;(d) preparing a homogeneous, plastically formable material by adding to the suspension sufficient hydrocolloid to bind substantially all of the water in the material to prevent the water from bleeding out during subsequent shaping and to prevent the fibers from flocculating, and by kneading the material, said material containing water in the range of from about 50 to about 90 percent, fibers in the range of from about 8 to 49 percent, and hydrocolloid in the range of from about 1 to about 20 percent, by weight;(e) shaping the material by extrusion, injection molding, rolling, pressing or drawing, and(f)

Abstract: A process for producing a synthetic smoking material is disclosed. The process preferably comprises forming an aqueous slurry of cellulosic material, preferably in the form of loose and slightly beaten cellulose fibers, adding certain metal salts to the slurry, casting the same and thereafter drying, conditioning and slitting or cutting the resulting sheet to produce a low tar filler material. The water-soluble metal salts to be added are selected from the group consisting of calcium salts, magnesium salts, iron salts, and aluminum salts, and are preceded or followed by addition of ammonium or alkali metal salts capable of precipitating the cation of the said water-soluble salts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a fibrous sheet by paper-making means, according to which the flocculating agent is introduced in the aqueous suspension containing the basic mixture chosen from the group constituted by (i) the fibers alone when there is no non-binding mineral filler, and (ii) the fibers and the non-binding mineral filler when said latter is present, before and after the introduction of the organic binder. It also concerns, as new industrial product, the sheet obtained according to this method. Finally, it relates to the application of said sheet particularly in the domain of coverings (as a replacement for asbestos) and printing-writing supports.

Abstract: New process, for preparing by means of a paper manufacturing technique, a thermoplastic sheet reinforced with cellulose fibres, wherein a thermoplastic powder and cellulose fibres are used in association, if necessary with other fibres, and consisting in (1) preparing an aqueous suspension from a base mixture (selected among (i) the fibres and the pulverulent thermoplastic substance when there is no non-binding mineral charge, and (ii) the fibres, the pulverulent thermoplastic substance and the non-binding mineral char harge when the latter is present), an organic binder and a flocculating agent, and with the resulting suspension, forming a sheet by wet process, which is then wrung and dried and (2) if necessary subjecting the resulting thermoplastic sheet to at least a complementary treatment, the weight ratio of pulverulent thermoplastic substance to fibres being between 0.3 and 95.

Abstract: A composite paper particularly adapted for use as cover sheets in the production of gypsum wallboard, the paper being sufficiently porous to permit better drainage and more rapid drying in the production of the paper, and when applied to the surfaces of a gypsum slurry for forming wallboard, permits less heat to be utilized in the wallboard conversion, thereby saving energy in the board production required for drying the board. The paper comprises in weight percent:(A) cellulosic fibers in an amount of from about 65% to about 90% and preferably having a fiber freeness of from about 300 ml to about 550 ml Canadian Standard Freeness,(B) calcium sulfate as a filler in an amount of from about 10% to about 35%,(C) a binder in an amount from about 1% to about 31/2%,(D) a flocculant in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 0.2%,(E) a buffering agent in an amount from about 0.

Abstract: The fibrous material is for the preparation of a sheet material containing large amounts of inorganic fine powders or inorganic short fibers by a usual paper-making method. A raw material for forming the fibrous material is previously impregnated with a polymer flocculant of the polyacrylamide type or the like in the amount of 0.01 to 5% (dry solids). The fibrous material is adaptable for sheets which can be prepared easily by individuals at home as well as at factories. The fibrous material can be utilized for a wide range of application, for example, for various ceramic products, construction materials, papers for special use, filters and so on and for recovery of solids from waste water or the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chrysotile asbestos fiber substantially coated on its exterior surface with hydrated titanium dioxide, the titanium dioxide content being from 0.5 to 35% by weight, part of the titanium dioxide being chemically bonded to the asbestos fiber and the remaining titanium dioxide being retained by electrostatic bond, said modified fiber having an Mg:Si ratio of from less than 3:2 to 2:2 when calculated on an atomic number ratio, a Ti:Si ratio of from more than 0:2 to less than 1:2 and said modified fiber being also characterized by an infrared spectrum wherein the relative peaks at 1082, 1025 and 957 cm.sup.-1 have been substantially altered in their intensity and as shown in curves C and D of FIG. 1 , said fiber resisting leaching of the Mg ions by strong acids 3 to 6 times better than natural asbestos fibers and resisting leaching of SiO.sub.2 groups in strong alkali media 1.5 to 3 times better than unmodified chrysotile fibers.

Abstract: A papermaking process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a cellulosic pulp is formed and dried. The stock includes a binder comprising colloidal silicic acid, and cationic starch which is added to the stock before the sheet is formed. The manner of addition involves first adding and intermixing in the stock a portion of the colloidal silicic acid and then the cationic starch and, after an agglomerate has formed, adding and intermixing the remainder of the colloidal silicic acid prior to the formation of the sheet. The method results in improved sheet properties and improved retention of filler and fines on the wire.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates a process for producing a reactor cylinder for use in a radiant heater and the reactor cylinder produced by that process. A liquid vehicle is initially prepared including an alumina dispersion, magnesium sulfate, colloidal silica and powdered talc. An antifoam agent may be added. The alumina dispersion includes dispersable alumina in an amount between about 1% and about 5% by weight, an acid in an amount up to about 0.2% by weight and water in an amount between about 10% and about 30% by weight, all calculated as weight precent based on the weight of the liquid vehicle. The alumina dispersion is then further diluted by the addition of water in an amount between about 40% and about 80% by weight. To the diluted alumina dispersion is added magnesium sulfate in an amount up to about 4% by weight, colloidal silica in an amount up to about 10% by weight and powdered talc in an amount between about 0.0001% and about 0.1% by weight.