Abstract: Modified polysaccharides (such as starches, gums, chitosans, celluloses, alginates, sugars, etc.), which are commonly used in the paper industry as strengthening agents, surface sizes, coating binders, emulsifiers and adhesives, can be combined into a single molecule with amphiphilic hydrocarbons (e.g. surface active agents) which are commonly utilized in the paper industry to control absorbency, improve softness, enhance surface feel and function as dispersants. The resulting molecule is a modified polysaccharide having surface active moieties which can provide several potential benefits, depending on the specific combination employed, including: (a) strength aids that do not impart stiffness; (b) softeners that do not reduce strength; (c) wet strength with improved wet/dry strength ratio; (d) debonders with reduced linting and sloughing; (e) strength aids with controlled absorbency; and (f) surface sizing agents with improved tactile properties.

Abstract: A method of applying treatment chemicals to a fiber-based planar product, particularly tissue, includes the steps of: a) applying a treatment composition containing the treatment chemicals to a revolving belt (1) and b) bringing the revolving belt (1) into contact with the moving fiber-based planar product (3), thereby transferring the treatment composition from the revolving belt (1) via the contact surface to the moving fiber-based planar product (3). An apparatus suitable for performing this method, includes: at least one application element (4, 5) for applying treatment compositions to a revolving belt (1), and the revolving belt (1) that is in contact with moving fiber-based planar product (3) via a contact surface and transfers the applied treatment composition via this contact surface to the moving fiber-based planar product (3).

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for preparing a paper web. According to the process a pulp is formed from a fibrous raw material, a web is formed from the pulp and it is dried on a paper machine. According to the invention the pulp is formed from a mechanical pulp produced from a peroxide bleached mechanical wood raw material of the genus Populus, the pH of proportioning of the mechanical pulp being set at 6.8 to 7.2 and the machine pH at 7.1 to 7.5 and the conductivity of the pulp being set at 1000 to 1500 &mgr;S/cm. By using a relatively low pH value and a narrow pH range it is possible to diminish the sensitivity to disturbances of the paper making process. According to the present invention a mechanical aspen pulp can be combined with chemical pulp for preparing base paper of fine paper, whereby the mechanical pulp gives a high conductivity on the machine which improves the stability of the wet end and enhances water removal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a soft, textured, multi-ply tissue paper product. The tissue paper product has at least one ply of multi-region construction with a first region that is raised above a second region. The ply of multi-region construction is orientated so that its raised region is directed toward the exterior of the tissue paper product. A chemical softening composition is surface applied to at least a portion of the raised region of the ply comprising the multi-ply tissue paper product. The chemical softener preferably includes an effective amount of a softening active ingredient; a vehicle in which the softening active ingredient is dispersed; and an electrolyte dissolved in the vehicle. The electrolyte causes the viscosity of the composition to be less than the viscosity of a dispersion of the softening active ingredient in the vehicle alone.

Abstract: A polyethylene glycol-containing paper is described. The paper includes polyethylene glycol (PEG) having an average molar mass in the range of from about 30,000 to about 50,000. In one embodiment, polyethylene glycol is incorporated into the paper during the paper's formation. In another embodiment, a polyethylene glycol-coated paper is provided. Methods for forming polyethylene glycol-containing papers are also described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for the spray application of additive compositions containing additive materials in the manufacture of sheet material products, such as paper products, textile products, and flexible sheet products by using compressed fluids, such as carbon dioxide and ethane, as a spraying medium. Additive compositions with high viscosity and which are substantially free of water and/or volatile solvent can be applied to sheet materials. Water-borne additive compositions with reduced water content can also be applied to sheet materials. One preferred spray method uses a decompressive spray of the compressed fluid which produces a uniform spray pattern and a narrow droplet size distribution that can improve application efficiency and quality when additive compositions are applied during the spraying step to rapidly conveyed sheet materials.

Abstract: A method of producing dimensionally stable paper and/or paperboard products by treating a hygroreactive cellulosic fiber matrix with a hydrophobic sizing agent solution; and drying the treated fibers using heat and/or pressure so that the hydrophobic sizing agent penetrates the fiber matrix making it hydrophobic.

Abstract: Compositions for enhancing the strength and humidity resistance of lignocellulosic fibrous materials such as paper. The compositions are comprised of at least one lignin derivative and a solvent system whereby the solvent system is comprised of water and at least one organic solvent. Suitable lignin derivatives include but are not limited to lignosulfonate, lignosulfonate/kraft lignin, lignosulfonate/organosolv, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A papermaking machine and a method for applying an application medium to a moving web of material in a papermaking machine. The papermaking machine has a wet end section, a press section, a drying section and an applying device for applying a medium to a moving web of material. The wet end section includes a twin wire area having a first wire and a second wire wherein the web of material is formed and positioned between the two wires and separated from the two wires before moving to the press section. At least one wet end section applying device is positioned on one side of at least one of the first wire or the second wire within the twin wire area and facing away from the web of material positioned on the wires. The press section of the papermaking machine has a first press element and at least one press section applying device facing directly toward the web of material.

Abstract: A method for making a nonwoven reinforcing may for vinyl floor coverings is described. A base mat is formed from a mixture of glass fibers and polymeric binder fibers and/or powder, follows by treatment with a second water-based polymeric binder composition. The mat has been found to be highly satisfactory as a substrate for compressible vinyl floor covering.

Abstract: A method for the shrink-proof treatment of a cellulosic fiber textile comprising the steps of treating a cellulosic fiber textile with liquid ammonia and subsequently treating it with steam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stabilized emulsified or dispersed composition comprising a hydrophobic phase and an aqueous phase, the composition being stabilized by a cationic colloidal coacervate stabilizing agent, the coacervate stabilizing agent comprising an anionic component and a cationic component, the anionic and cationic components being present in a proportion such that the composition has a zeta potential of at least about 20 millivolts. The hydrophobic phase is preferably a non-rosin sizing agent, including a reactive or nonreactive sizing agent, although mixtures of rosin and non-rosin sizing agents can form stable emulsions or dispersions using the coacervate of the invention. Methods of making and using the stable emulsions or dispersions are also disclosed, as is sized paper made using an emulsified or dispersed sizing agent stabilized with the coacervate stabilizing agent of the invention.

Abstract: A method of producing paper webs coated on both sides includes the following steps: a) indirectly applying a liquid onto the paper web by passing the web through at least one nip formed by a roll and a counterelement, whereafter the web is dried; b) next, directly applying coating mixture at surplus only on one side of the web, whereafter the surplus coating mixture is removed again by use of a doctor element, the web being dried again thereafter; and c) lastly, directly applying coating mixture at surplus only on the other web side, whereafter the surplus coating mixture is removed by use of a doctor, whereafter the web is dried again. In the indirect application of liquid in the nip, or in the nips, either coating mixture to produce so-called MWC papers or a sizing suspension to produce so-called LWC papers is selectively applied.

Abstract: A method of producing dimensionally stable paper and/or paperboard products by treating a hygroreactive cellulosic fiber matrix with a hydrophobic sizing agent solution; and drying the treated fibers using heat and/or pressure so that the hydrophobic sizing agent penetrates the fiber matrix making it hydrophobic.

Abstract: A method for making a nonwoven reinforcing may for vinyl floor coverings is described. A base mat is formed from a mixture of glass fibers and polymeric binder fibers and/or powder, follows by treatment with a second water-based polymeric binder composition. The mat has been found to be highly satisfactory as a substrate for compressible vinyl floor covering.

Abstract: Methods for making high wet performance webs. A polymeric anionic reactive compound is applied to a cellulosic fibrous web followed by flash curing of the compound to crosslink the cellulose fibers. The resulting tissue has high wet resiliency, high wet strength, and a high wet:dry tensile strength ratio.

Abstract: A soft uncreped throughdried tissue product includes a distribution of surface deposits of an additive composition adapted to reduce skin irritation and redness or otherwise deliver a benefit to the user. An array of primary delivery zones with a relatively high additive add-on amount in combination with supplementary delivery zones with a relatively lower add-on amount effectively maximize consumer benefit while minimizing the total amount of additive on the tissue.

Abstract: A highly densifiable wood pulp product is disclosed. In one embodiment, the densifiable product includes fibers having low coarseness, preferably having a fiber coarseness less than about 22 mg/100 m, and a densifying agent. In another embodiment, the densifiable product further includes fibers having coarseness greater than about 22 mg/100 m. Juvenile wood fibers are the preferred source of fibers having low coarseness. A densified pulp product formed by compacting a fibrous composite that includes fibers having a fiber coarseness less than about 22 mg/100 m, a densifying agent, and optionally, fibers having coarseness greater than about 22 mg/100 m is also disclosed. The pulp products can be advantageously incorporated into absorbent articles and can optionally further include superabsorbent material. Methods for forming the densifiable and densified fibrous products are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are alkenyl and/or alkyl succinimides formed from at least one alkenyl or alkyl succinic anhydride and at least one aliphatic amine having one or two primary amino groups in the molecule. These succinimides are characterized in that each alkenyl or alkyl group thereof contains in the range of 16 to 30 carbon atoms. Such group is bifurcated on its alpha carbon atom into two branches neither of which contains less than 2 carbon atoms, one such branch being free of any side chain, and the other such branch either being free of any side chain or containing at most one methyl or methylene side chain. In addition the succinimide has a viscosity at 80° C. of less than about 100 centistokes. These succinimides are especially useful as internal and external sizing agents for paper and paper products.

Abstract: A soft tissue product includes deposits of a surface additive composition disposed in primary and supplementary delivery zones having different add-on levels. The supplementary add-on level is greater than 0 and less than the primary add-on level. For example, the supplementary add-on level may be from about 0.5 to about 80 percent of the primary add-on level. In particular embodiments, the primary delivery zones cover from about 30 to about 90 percent of the tissue and the supplementary delivery zones cover from about 10 to about 70 percent of the tissue. The different add-on levels effectively maximize consumer benefit while minimizing the total amount of additive on the tissue.

Abstract: An absorbent cellulose product includes cellulose fibers which are cross-linked by reaction with an effective quantity of one or more water-soluble polymers which are produced in advance, which have an average molecular weight of between 350 and 70,000 g/mol, and which possess free acid or aldehyde groups. When the product is being prepared, the cellulose fibers are impregnated with the polymers in aqueous solution. The impregnated substance is dried and defibered at the latest after drying, after which the defibered cellulose fibers are cross-linked in the dry state by means of heating the impregnated, dried and defibered cellulose product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for softening an absorbent tissue and tissue structures softened using the composition. The composition includes an effective amount of a softening active ingredient; a vehicle in which the softening active ingredient is dispersed; and an electrolyte dissolved in the vehicle. The electrolyte causes the viscosity of the composition to be less than the viscosity of a dispersion of the softening active ingredient in the vehicle alone. Preferably, the softening active ingredient is a quaternary ammonium compound with the formula:(R.sub.1).sub.4-m --N.sup.+ --[(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Y--R.sub.3 ].sub.m X.sup. -the vehicle is water, and the electrolyte is calcium chloride.

Abstract: The invention relates to tissue products having improved softness properties and methods of making them. Specifically, improved softness is achieved by incorporating one or more softeners/debonders into the fiber furnish at the wet end of the tissue machine prior to formation, followed by a topical treatment with one or more softeners/debonders after the tissue web is dried. The result is a tissue product with added bulk and a smooth surface feel, both properties contributing to improved softness characteristics.

Abstract: Debonders, particularly including polysiloxanes, are applied to tissue webs by atomizing the debonder and applying the debonder to the tissue with a steam jet as a debonder/steam mixture. The debonder is applied after the creping blade and prior to the reel. Other suitable debonders include quaternary ammonium surfactants.

Abstract: A process for applying a chemical additive, such as a softener, to a fibrous web comprises the steps of: providing a fibrous web having a first side and a second side opposite to the first side; providing a chemical additive; depositing the chemical additive only to the first side of the fibrous web; causing the first side of the fibrous web to contact the second side of the fibrous web thereby partially transferring the chemical additive from the first side to the second side of the fibrous web such that both the first side and the second side of the fibrous web comprise the chemical additive in a functionally sufficient amount. Preferably, the step of causing the two sides of the web to contact comprises winding the web into a roll.

Abstract: The invention relates to tissue products having improved softness properties and methods of making them. Specifically, improved softness is achieved by incorporating a cationic amidoamine into the fiber furnish at the wet end of the tissue machine prior to formation and/or by topical addition to the tissue web. One or more softeners/debonders can be added to the furnish and/or topically applied to the tissue web after the tissue web is dried. The result is a tissue product with added bulk and a smooth surface feel, both properties contributing to improved softness characteristics.

Abstract: The present method generally relates to a method for production of absorbent material having improved sorptive capacity, which material comprises cellulosic fibres, wherein said method comprises treating said fibres, in the presence of water, with a hydrophobic substance having a specific surface area of at least 50 m.sup.2 /g, wherein the treatment comprises contacting said substance and said fibres together when the fibres have a dry content of at least 20%.

Abstract: An authenticatable paper product is prepared by adding to a papermaking furnish fibers treated with from about 50-200 lb/ton of a fluorescent whitening agent (FWA). The paper made from the papermaking furnish will include fluorescent cellulosic fibers in an amount ranging from between 0.1-4.0 lb/ton to achieve FWA concentrations within the range of 1-20 ppm.

Abstract: Provided is a cast-coated paper which comprises a raw paper having on at least one side thereof a layer of a coating composition comprising a pigment and a water based binder, with the layer having a surface treated with a coagulating solution containing one or more of an ammonium salt as a coagulant and smoothened by pressing the treated surface to a hot specular surface of metal while the layer is in a wet condition; and a method of producing the aforesaid cast-coated paper.

Abstract: A system for applying a suspension of uncooked starch particles in water to a web on a forming wire includes a source of such suspension and a source of dilution water, an application die positioned transversely of the web with an internal manifold opening into a downwardly opening die slot through which material flows from the manifold as a falling curtain onto the web. The die has a plurality of transversely spaced inlets leading into the manifold to define transversely spaced application zones across the web. The suspended starch and water are applied from the manifolds through control valves into the inlets by means of which the consistency or concentration of the starch may be varied at positions representing the application zones across the web to provide a desired strength profile to the dried web.

Abstract: A method of applying a starch sizing to a forming web on a paper machine, such as in the form of a curtain on a fourdrinier machine, employs a suspension of uncooked particulate starch and water which is applied, as a suspension, to the inlet of a downwardly opening die positioned over the forming web and applied at a consistency of between about 2 to 10% onto the surface of the web as a free falling curtain, the impact velocity of which is controlled to a rate sufficiently low to prevent distortion of the web on impact. Improved drainage is achieved by heating the suspension to a temperature less than about 150.degree., to prevent the cooking of the starched particles. The curtain may be applied to the web at fourdrinier table consistencies as low as about 2% and still obtain starch retention rates of about 80%.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in security features in paper and in particular to a method of making paper and transparentising selected areas of paper to provide enhanced security features. The invention thus provides a method of making paper comprising the step of depositing fibers (12) onto a support surface (13) to form a porous absorbent sheet (14), applying a transparentising resin to at least portion of said porous sheet and subsequently impregnating the porous sheet with a sizing resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thin printing paper with a weight per unit area in the range below 49 g/m.sup.2 and which contains wood and which is provided with surface pigmentation and which incorporates a mixture of a swellable coating silicate (sodium bentonite) and, for the remainder, conventional coating pigments as the pigment and which, in addition, contains only bonding agent that is a natural organic bonding agent, essentially starch. Even if only lightly calendered, the paper is equally well suited for rotogravure printing and for rotary offset printing. It is preferred that the paper also contain a proportion of processed fibres obtained from old-paper.

Abstract: The invention relates to tissue products having improved softness properties and methods of making them. Specifically, improved softness is achieved by incorporating a cationic amidoamine into the fiber furnish at the wet end of the tissue machine prior to formation and/or by topical addition to the tissue web. One or more softeners/debonders can be added to the furnish and/or topically applied to the tissue web after the tissue web is dried. The result is a tissue product with added bulk and a smooth surface feel, both properties contributing to improved softness characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method of manufacturing a paper product containing anionic laminating, coating or sizing agents, said paper product being free from carry-over speck defects in recycle use. The method is characterized in that a cationic compound is added to the paper web after the formation of the web.

Abstract: The softness of tissue products, such as facial and bath tissue, is improved by the addition of a carboxylic acid ester. The carboxylic acid ester can be incorporated into the tissue by addition of the ester to the furnish prior to the formation of the tissue, or it can be topically applied to the tissue web after formation, either while the tissue web is still wet or after the tissue web has been dried.

Abstract: A paperboard container and method of forming such container having a rolled brim is disclosed. The container being formed of a paperboard material having a caliper of at least approximately 0.007 inches, a rolled brim arc length of less than about 0.25 inches, an outer radius of curvature of the container cut through the plane normal to the axis of the rolled brim arc length adjacent the rolled brim being less than approximately 1.5 inches with the paperboard material forming the container having at least approximately 8 lbs/3,000 ft.sup.2 ream of size press adhesive included therein and preferably approximately 13 lbs/3,000 ft.sup.2 ream of paperboard material. One particular container includes dimensions wherein the outer radius of curvature of the container cut through the plane normal to the axis of the rolled brim arc length adjacent the rolled brim is approximately 1.

Abstract: Making paper for corrugating medium includes forming a sheet of pulp material, partially drying the sheet of pulp material to provide a partially dried sheet, applying a crack-reducing agent to surfaces of the partially dried sheet, and providing a sheet of paper by drying the partially dried sheet after applying the crack-reducing agent. Forming a sheet of pulp material may include providing a pulp slurry to a headbox having a slice and carrying the pulp slurry that exits from the slice away from the headbox using, for example, a Fourdrinier. The Fourdrinier may also dry the sheet.

Abstract: Dry strength additives used to enhance the properties of creped tissues are applied to the surface of the Yankee dryer along with the creping adhesive formulation and thereafter transferred to the tissue web as the tissue web is being adhered to the Yankee. When dry strength agents are applied in this manner, less dust and lint are accumulated resulting in improved productivity and product quality.

Abstract: Compositions containing hydrophilic polyacrylamide and hydrophobic surface size agents and the methods for using such compositions in paper and board to improve printability, sizing and strength are provided in the instant invention.

Abstract: A process for forming an abrasion resistant sheet which comprises forming a web of cellulosic fibers on a papermaking machine and applying a slurry including an abrasion-resistant grit to the upper surface of the web on the papermaking machine using a slot orifice coating head applicator, said grit being uniformly distributed on said surface of said fibrous cellulosic overlay sheet at a coat weight of about 2 to 40 pounds per 3000 square feet.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A binder is applied to fibers to bind particles to the fibers. The fibers have hydrogen bonding functional groups. The particles have functional groups capable of forming a hydrogen bond or a coordinate covalent bond. The binder comprises binder molecules, the binder molecules having at least one functional group that is capable of forming a hydrogen bond or a coordinate covalent bond with the particles, and at least one functional group that is capable of forming a hydrogen bond with the fibers. A substantial portion of the particles that are adhered to the fibers are adhered in particulate form by hydrogen bonds or coordinate covalent bonds to the binder, and the binder is in turn adhered to the fibers by hydrogen bonds. Fibers containing particles bound by this method are easily densified.

Abstract: A new thermoformable nonwoven fibrous mat having properties particularly suited for a facer on insulating gypsum board and the method of making the mat is disclosed. The mat can also be pleated or thermoformed to produce filter elements and preforms for producing a wide range of fiber reinforced composites and laminates. The mat preferably contains a major portion of glass fibers and a minor portion of polyester fibers bound together with up to 35 wt. percent of a cross linked vinyl chloride acrylate copolymer binder having a glass transition temperature as high as about 113 degrees F., preferably about 97 degrees F. The binder also optionally contains about 3-10 wt. percent stearylated melamine.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing paper having given physical characteristics is described, and which includes, providing a paper stock slurry of a given composition; removing water from the paper stock slurry to form a continuous sheet of paper; and without the use of a sizing press, providing and applying an aqueous solution of a substantially amylose free starch to the resulting paper in a predetermined amount effective to provide the resulting paper with the given physical characteristics, the paper manufactured at a production rate which is at least 10% faster than the production rate which can be achieved for substantially identical paper having the same given physical characteristics, but which is manufactured using a sizing press.

Abstract: A method for making a surface coated or impregnated paper or paperboard by applying an aqueous additive dispersion to the wet web between the press and drying sections of a conventional paper or paperboard making machine. The aqueous additive dispersion is pre-metered onto a transfer roll and is applied to the wet web at a pressure nip between the transfer roll and a back-up roll. High solids content dispersions can be applied at high web speeds without tearing the web. The use of a high solids content aqueous dispersion having a solids content substantially equal to the solids content of the wet web at the point of application permits the method to be performed without increasing the drying load and therefore at an unreduced speed.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pad including a face on which liquid mugwort or powder mugwort is spread or impregnated and a pad including more than one sheet of mugwort-impregnated paper. A method for making a mugwort-impregnated pad, including the steps of: crushing a lump of dry mugwort into 50-200 mesh size pieces; straining the crushed mugwort to obtain mugwort naps without a stalk and chlorophyll; fumigating the mugwort naps at a temperature of about 80.degree.-130.degree. for 1 or 2 hours; diffusing the fumigated mugwort naps in water; providing diffused mugwort naps to a refiner and mixing the naps with a lump of dissociated pulp; preparing a sheet of paper by dehydrating the mixture and paper process; and attaching more than one sheet of paper on a pad.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: The invention relates to tissue products having improved softness properties and methods of making them. Specifically, improved softness is achieved by incorporating a silicone betaine either into the furnish and/or topically applied to the tissue web. Optionally, one or more softeners/debonders are also incorporated into the fiber furnish at the wet end of the tissue machine prior to formation, and/or by an optional topical treatment after the tissue web is formed or dried. The result is a tissue product with added bulk and a smooth surface feel, both properties contributing to improved softness characteristics.