Abstract: A method for the coating of a raw paper or cardboard substrate wherein the substrate is prepared having a pH of less than about 6.5, and a coating is applied thereto composed of an aqueous dispersion of a plastic and an inorganic pigment, the coating having a pH of more than about 6.5 wherein the particles of the plastic in the dispersion have a non-cation-active charge and wherein the coating also contains a material which does not affect the preparation or storage stability of the coating, but which in the pH range below about 6.5 becomes highly cation-active, and then drying the thus applied coating. Using this method, the coating solidifies at the time of contact of the coating and the paper surface thereby minimizing penetration of the coating into the paper. As a result, improved coated papers are obtained.

Abstract: An organopolysiloxane suitable for use in treating paper to be used in plaster boards. The organopolysiloxane is obtained by reacting a polysiloxanol of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a methyl or a phenyl radical, at least 90% of the R.sup.1 radicals however being methyl radicals, andn=20 to 250,with a silane having the formulaH.sub.2 N--R.sup.3 --Si(OR.sup.2).sub.3in whichR.sup.2 is a lower alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sup.3 is a bivalent alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or the --(CH.sub.2).sub.x R.sup.4 (CH.sub.2).sub.y --NH.sub.2 radical, in whichR.sup.4 is oxygen, sulfur or the --NH-- or --NH--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --NH-- radical andx.ltoreq.3, andy.ltoreq.2,in such amounts that 1 SiOH group of the polysiloxanol corresponds to more than 1 and up to 3 OR.sup.2 groups of the silane. Method for preparation of paper and cardboard for use in plaster boards as well as plaster boards made by using the present invention are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing flame and abuse resistant fiber panels by treating the surface of water-laid fiber mats with an aqeuous slurry of sodium silicate and calicum carbonate and drying the mats is disclosed. The slurry is applied to the wet mat after wet pressing and before drying while the mat still contains considerable moisture content. The resulting products present a hard, abuse resistant, flame resistant and water resistant surface.

Abstract: The present invention resides broadly in a method for the preparation of paper having improved water and/or solvent resistance which comprises applying to a base paper a plastic particle containing formulation, and then wetting the formed coating with a solvent to which the plastic particles are sensitive. The present invention is particularly applicable to the preparation of electrostatic paper masters of improved water resistance for lithographic printing having a photoconductive layer and a barrier coat to which the photoconductive layer is applied. The barrier coat contains a binding amount of a binder resin and filler at least a portion of which is an amount of said plastic particles sensitive to the solvent system of the photoconductive layer, the amount of plastic particles and sensitivity being sufficient to materially increase water resistance.

Abstract: A machine and method of forming fiberglass mats. Chopped glass fibers are mixed with water in a slurry and a movable screen is passed, generally upwardly, through a slurry. As the screen is moved, its surface is uniformly coated with the glass fibers in a uniformly increasing depth, dependent upon the length of travel of the screen through the slurry. Longitudinally oriented and randomly oriented continuous strands are projected onto the fibers captured on the screen at different locations in order to provide the resultant mat with tear strength in all directions. The screen passes over a vacuum for removal of most of the water from the workpiece; subsequently, a binder is added to the workpiece and the continuous mat is passed through an oven for curing of the binder. The mat is then wound upon a spool for later transport to a location in which the mat can be processed into a final product.

Abstract: The present invention resides broadly in a method for the preparation of paper having improved water and/or solvent resistance which comprises applying to a base paper a plastic particle containing formulation, and then wetting the formed coating with a solvent to which the plastic particles are sensitive. The present invention is particularly applicable to the preparation of electrostatic paper masters of improved water resistance for lithographic printing having a photoconductive layer and a barrier coat to which the photoconductive layer is applied. The barrier coat contains a binding amount of a binder resin and filler at least a portion of which is an amount of said plastic particles sensitive to the solvent system of the photoconductive layer, the amount of plastic particles and sensitivity being sufficient to materially increase water resistance.

Abstract: An improved dimensionally stable backing web is disclosed, especially for resilient flooring product and linoleum, comprising cellulosic fiber, a binder, antioxidant, fungicide and glass fiber, as well as optionally dyes or pigments, surfactants and vulcanizing agents. Also optionally present are calcium silicate mineral fiber or synthetic fiber, such as polyolefin, polyester, nylon, acrylic or modacrylic fiber, a cellulose acetate or mixtures thereof. The binder can be a natural rubber or synthetic rubber latex or mixtures thereof. The synthetic rubber latex is preferably selected from the following: styrene-butadiene; carboxylated styrene-butadiene, polyacrylic ester, polyvinyl acetate; polyisobutylene, a copolymer formed from vinyl acetate monomers and acrylic acid; polychloroprene, acrylonitrile-butadiene or carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene; polyurethane; a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate; or other elastomeric copolymers.

Abstract: A bonding composition for incombustible fibrous materials comprising (a) a water-soluble polymer containing hydrazide groups or its adduct with a water-soluble alkaline earth metal salt of an inorganic acid and (b) a heavy metal ion capable of forming chelate with the water-soluble polymer or its adduct. The bonding composition is employed as bonding agents to prepare incombustible sheet materials from incombustible fibrous materials by adding the components (a) and (b) to an aqueous dispersion of the fibrous materials and forming sheets or by forming wet or dry sheets containing the component (b) and then making the component (a) contain in the sheets. The bonding composition has excellent bonding effect and the polymer itself becomes incombustible, so incombustible sheet materials having excellent strength can be economically obtained.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a sheet containing mineral fibers and binder. An aqueous suspension containing fibers and binder is formed into a layer. The layer is de-watered to form a wet sheet. Additional binder is applied evenly to the entire surface of the de-watered sheet. The sheet is then dried. The sheet may be compressed to an extent of 20% during drying.

Abstract: Fibrous materials are disclosed having incorporated therein upgraded waste sulphite liquor; the liquor is neutralized, e. g., with sodium borate, sodium aluminate, reacidified, if needed, with alum; the modified sulphite waste liquor of hardwoods as well as articles of manufacture of fibrous materials such as corrugated medium made of waste materials are diclosed; further, articles of manufacture thus modified include starch or sizing and are within the scope of the invention.

Abstract: A method of reducing the number or amount of chemical additives normally incorporated into paper pulp furnish before transferring the latter to the continuous wire mesh of a papermaking machine in the manufacture of paper sheet involves the use of a hydrolyzed proteinaceous foam which does not appreciably affect the degree of sizing of the finished paper sheet. The use of such foam in paper manufacture can render unnecessary the chemical treatment of effluent from the papermaking machine which is normally required to avoid environmental pollution.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided herein improved glass fiber dispersions for making uniform glass fiber mats by the wet-laid process. The well dispersed glass fiber compositions of this invention usually are prepared by mixing chopped glass fiber bundles in water with a small amount of an amine oxide surfactant to disperse the bundles into individual fibers. As a feature of the invention, the dispersions may be formed at relatively high glass fiber consistencies. The resultant dispersions then are used to make very high quality glass fiber mats at high rates of production.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided herein a method of increasing the strength of wet glass fiber mats prepared by the wet-laid process. The wet-strength of such freshly prepared glass fiber mats are improved in this invention by treating the wet mat with a dilute solution of an anionic polyelectrolyte. As a feature of the invention, the wet-strength of such mats are increased substantially so that they may be conveniently handled and transferred, even manually, for further processing, e.g. for applying binders and drying, into the finished glass fiber mat product.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided herein a method of increasing the strength of wet glass fiber mats prepared by the wet-laid process. The wet-strength of such freshly prepared glass fiber mats are improved in this invention by treating the wet mat with a dilute solution of an anionic surfactant. As a feature of the invention, the wet-strength of such mats are increased substantially so that they may be conveniently handled and transferred, even manually, for further processing, e.g. for applying binders and drying, into the finished glass fiber mat product.

Abstract: A filter medium particularly adapted for use in an oil filter for an internal combustion engine having a water-laid web of fibers, at least 70% of which are cellulose, impregnated with resin in a pattern at its wire side to a depth of 15 to 45% of its total thickness, the pattern having zones free from resin amounting to 35 to 60% of the total area of the wire side, each zone having at least one dimension no greater than 4 mm.

Abstract: A photographic carrier material comprising a cellulose sheet which is coated on both surfaces with a polyolefin resin and in which hollow, thermoplastic microspheres are uniformly mixed therein in an amount of from 0.5 - 5.0 weight percent.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of a coating composition containing microcapsules having a hydrophilic core for use in the manufacture of pressure-sensitive carbonless transfer papers comprising the following steps. A hydrophilic emulsion component is prepared by dispersing at least one chromogenic material being soluble in the hydrophilic liquid. A hydrophobic emulsion component is prepared by dispersing an emulsifier in a radiation curable hydrophobic liquid. A first wall-forming material and a second wall-forming material are added to the hydrophobic emulsion component, with mixing. The first and second wall-forming materials are soluble in the hydrophobic emulsion component, and the first wall-forming material is reactive with the second wall-forming material to form a polymeric capsule wall. The resultant polymeric capsule wall is substantially insoluble in the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic emulsion components.

Abstract: A method for electroimpregnation of paper and non-woven fabrics is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of forming an aqueous solution containing about 1-30% of an ionic material having a specific conductance lower than 0.003 mhos cm.sup.-1, in a bath provided with cathode and anode electrodes submerged in the solution, introducing a sheet of paper or non-woven fabric having a predetermined degree of porosity into the bath in contact with the cathode or anode electrode, dependent on the polarity of the ionic material, and applying a predetermined DC voltage to the electrodes so as to cause the ions of such material to impregnate the paper or non-woven fabric when such ions move toward one or the other of the electrodes and deposit within the paper or non-woven fabric as partially or totally associated molecules. The ionic material may advantageously be a polymeric material to improve the clarity, dielectric strength and moisture absorption resistance characteristics of the paper or non-woven fabric.

Abstract: An aqueous pulp slurry containing a cationic neutral sizing agent or a wet sheet prepared therefrom is treated with an oxidizing agent in a method of making a sized paper.

Abstract: Creping of fibrous webs to enhance their softness and bulk is improved and the resulting creped web is made strong, water dispersible and non-blocking by employing a bonder and creping adhesive composition containing four components which are blended to produce a mixture having a percent solids of from 10% to 40% and an initial modulus for a film of the solids of less than 1.75 .times. 10.sup.8 dynes/cm.sup.2. The composition (mixture) functions as a bonder for the fibers to impart strength and as a creping adhesive for the web so that creping enhances softness and bulkiness. Also disclosed are methods of creping employing such a bonder and creping adhesive composition and sheet materials creped with such compositions.

Abstract: A coated synthetic paper adapted for offset printing is produced from a base paper sheet comprising fibrous material, at least 5% by weight of which is formed of polyolefinic pulp fibrils which are formed from a polyolefinic polymer and a hydrophilic polymer, said polyolefinic pulp fibrils having a specific surface area of at least 0.7 square meter/g. A microporous and discontinuous coating layer is formed on at least one of the surfaces of the base paper sheet using a coating composition having an adhesive component and a pigment component, at least 5% by weight of said pigment component being an organic polymer pigment in the form of finely divided particles.

Abstract: A surfactant foaming agent added to a wet fibrous sheet just before initiation of vacuum water extraction forms foam within the sheet. The foam expels water from the sheet while increasing the resistance to vacuum. Water removal time is lengthened and the fractional amount of water removed by suction is increased. The reduced residual water provides a proportional decrease in drying time and drying energy.The addition of an anti-foaming agent with the surfactant reduces the water drainage time as compared to the normal case. This increases the drainage rate but does not increase the amount of water drained from the sheet.

Abstract: A composite dry process hardboard includes a hardboard panel consisting of pressed defibrated and refined wood chips, plus a surface layer of paper cemented to the hardboard by a cured resin made from phenolic resin mixed with water and ethylene glycol. If desired, an embossed pattern may be incorporated into pressing the paper overlay. In the subject process, first a mass of defibrated wood chips is mixed with a binding agent, the mass is then formed into a mat which is coated with a mixture of phenolic resin and polyhydric compound such as a polyhydric alcohol having a boiling point higher than water. Then, a dry sheet of paper is laid on the mat and the composite structure is then cured by the application of heat and pressure.

Abstract: A size mixture comprising a substituted cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and polyoxyalkylene alkyl or alkyl-aryl ether or the corresponding mono- or di-ester is used to size paper products. In accordance with a preferred embodiment the liquid size mixture is added directly to the paper stock system without prior emulsification.

Abstract: An improved wet laid laminate comprising a first layer consisting of very short fibrous material and a binder and a second layer consisting of a combination of very short fibrous material and rayon or synthetic fibrous material substantially free of binder material and methods for manufacturing the improved laminates.

Abstract: A method of producing textile-like non-woven essentially binderless webs from fiber furnishes at least about 70% of which comprise man made non-fibrillatable low denier fibers having no large area flat surfaces and which are at least about 1/4 inch in length with a length to diameter ratio of between about 400:1 and 700:1. The method includes a wet laying system in which sufficient wetting agent is added to the water used in dispersing the fibers to wet the fibers completely and reduce the surface tension of the water to between about 30-35 dynes. It also includes agitating the dispersion vigorously to create tumbling water surface conditions in which up to, but less than about 4% by volumeof air is entrained in the water in the form of tiny air bubbles to create a water/air emulsion in which the fibers are dispersed without generating any substantial amount of surface foam.

Abstract: A beater saturation process wherein a fine powdered chlorinated natural rubber is added to papermaking fibers suspended in water. A synthetic binder in latex form is precipitated onto the fibers carrying with it the fine powdered rubber particles. This slurry is formed into a dry sheet and treated with a solvent which partially dissolves or substantially swells the chlorinated natural rubber but which does not so dissolve the synthetic latex binder. The chlorinated natural rubber is thus further distributed and smeared throughout the sheet by the solvent. The solvent is removed and a stiff strong sheet results.

Abstract: By providing a dispersion system which incorporates hard waxes having high molecular weights and a melting point greater than 180.degree.F., a unique paper coating additive is achieved. Preferably, the wax is powdered to a particle size less than 50 microns, and is dispersed in a system compatible with typical paper coating colors. In the preferred embodiments, high molecular weight Fischer-Tropsch waxes are employed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing stabilized, fluffy batts of individualized fibers by treating the surfaces of dense batts of fibers with materials which will react with each other on contact or which can be caused to react with each other by subsequent treatment. The treated dense batt is comminuted or ground to individualize fibers and the fibers collected in the form of a fluffy batt. The materials react with each other on contact or the fluffy batt may thereafter be teated to cause the materials to react. The resulting product is a lightweight, fluffy batt of individualized fibers having reacted materials uniformly distributed throughout the batt to provide the batt with the desired final properties, such as resiliency, absorbency and bulk in a stabilized state.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fluffy, lightweight batt of individualized fibers uniformly stabilized in its lofty state comprising applying to one surface of a dense batt of fibers a material capable of being activated to adhere adjacent fibers together. The treated dense batt is comminuted to individualize fibers and the fibers collected in the form of a batt. The batt is further treated to activate the material and stabilize the batt. The resulting product is a lightweight batt of individualized fibers which is stabilized uniformly throughout its depth.

Abstract: A size mixture comprising a substituted cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and polyoxyalkylene alkyl or alkylaryl ether or the corresponding mono- or di-ester is used to size paper products. In accordance with a preferred embodiment the liquid size mixture is added directly to the paper stock system without prior emulsification.