Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: The invention includes a method that provides a low cost aqueous solution of solubilized collagen by the steps of: (a) providing an aqueous ground slurry of insoluble collagen and adjusting the pH of said slurry to obtain activity for a proteolytic enzyme added in Step b; (b) adding said proteolytic enzyme to said pH adjusted slurry; (c) reacting the slurry and enzyme of Step b and/or recycled insoluble collagen and enzyme from Step e at a temperature, T, and for a time, t, effective for forming a solution increased in solubilized collagen; (d) adding additional water and insoluble collagen to said solution of Step c and mixing; (e) separating at least some of the solution of Step d containing solubilized collagen from insoluble collagen, whereby at least a portion of said insoluble collagen and proteolytic enzyme is recycled to Step c, and the separated solution containing solubilized collagen is withdrawn as product; an alternative embodiment provides for the direct production of solubilized collagen withou

Abstract: Disclosed is an adsorbent fibrous nonwoven structure composed of a matrix of pulp fibers having a first exterior surface and a second exterior surface; and an adsorbent material integrated into the pulp fiber matrix so that the concentration of adsorbent material adjacent the first exterior surface of the nonwoven structure is at least about 60 percent, as determined by optical image analysis, and the concentration of adsorbent material adjacent the second exterior surface is less than about 40 percent, as determined by optical image analysis. This adsorbent nonwoven structure provides useful strength and low-lint characteristics. The fibrous nonwoven structure of the present invention may be laminated together or to surfaces of other materials.

Abstract: A method for making a collagen strengthened cellulosic sheet by providing a cellulosic pulp slurry; adding solubilized collagen to the pulp slurry, and mixing for a time effective for interaction of the cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen; forming the interacted cellulosic pulp slurry and solubilized collagen into a sheet; and drying the sheet; also, a method for using solubilized collagen for strengthening paper by mixing the solubilized collagen with a cellulosic pulp slurry; and making a cellulosic pulp product from the mixture and drying.

Abstract: A method for bleaching a paper web with peroxide and to a paper surface treatment mixture intended for such a method. According to the invention, peroxide is introduced onto a moving paper web as part of the said mixture, which in addition to the peroxide contains another active component, such as a bonding agent or a surface coating, to be introduced onto the web. The bonding agent may be made up of starch and a surface coating pigment, such as calcium carbonate, kaolin or talc. Peroxide is added to these so that its amount on each side of the web to be bleached will be approx. 0.08-1.0 g/m.sup.2.

Abstract: Tissue paper having an enhanced bulk softness through incorporation of an effective amount of a polyhydroxy compound is disclosed. Preferably, from about 0.1% to about 2.0% of the polyhydroxy compound, on a dry fiber weight basis. These nonionic compounds have high rates of retention when applied to wet tissue paper webs according to the process described herein. Tissue embodiments of the present invention may further comprise a quantity of strength additive, such as starch, to increase paper strength.

Abstract: A method of applying a film of coating material to a web of pulp product on a machine and an apparatus for carrying out the method. The coating material is directed in a fluid against the surface of a web of pulp product in the form of a high volume low velocity atomized spray mist from high volume low pressure spray nozzles with an exiting air pressure from the spray nozzle of 1 to 10 psig, preferably 3 to 6 psig.

Abstract: Binder is applied to fibers during the production of a web on a wet laid sheet manufacturing line. Particles are bound to fibrous material by a binder that has a volatility less than water, wherein the binder has a functional group capable of forming a hydrogen bond with the fibers, and a functional group that is capable of forming a hydrogen bond or a coordinate covalent bond with the particles. The binder may be activated or reactivated by addition of heat, liquid, or mechanical energy such that fibers treated with binder may be shipped to a distribution point before particles are bound to the fibers. The binder may be a polymeric binder selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, polyamides and polyamines, and in which the polymeric binder has a hydrogen bonding functionality or coordinate covalent bond forming functionality on each repeating unit of the polymeric binder.

Abstract: A method of producing easily densified high bulk fibers that have adhered particulates. The high bulk fibers have hydrogen bonding or coordinate covalent bonding functionalities, and a binder is applied to the fibers to bind the particles to the fibers. The binder has a functional group that forms a hydrogen bond or a coordinate covalent bond with the particles, and a functional group that forms a hydrogen bond with the fibers. A substantial portion of the particles that are adhered to the fibers are adhered in particulate form by hydrogen bonds or coordinate covalent bonds to the binder, and the binder is in turn adhered to the fibers by hydrogen bonds. Fibers containing particles bound by this method are easily densified.

Abstract: A densifying agent is applied to fibers in order to improve the densification properties of the fibers. The fibers have hydrogen bonding functional groups. The densifying agent are denser than the fibers to which the densifying agent is applied. The densifying agent can be organic or inorganic. The improved densification properties are observed without the presence of particles bound to the fibers or in the presence of particles that are not bound to the fibers. Softening agents can also be applied to the fibers in order to soften the fibers and articles including such fibers. Softening agents may be selected from the group of densifying agents.

Abstract: Treated cellulose-based substrate, e.g., paper, having improved release properties and methods of making such treated substrate are disclosed. The treated substrate is coated with a primer coating comprising a cationic polymer and with a release coating comprising a carboxy- or carboxylate-containing release polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in the art of making saturating kraft paper. In particular, the invention relates to a method for reducing the amount of fuzz generated by the production and use of saturating kraft paper. The improved saturating kraft paper is particularly useful in the production of laminated materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in the art of making high pressure laminated materials utilizing saturating kraft paper. In particular, the invention relates to a method for making laminated materials which greatly reduces pressure mark defects caused by fuzz balls.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing an absorbent creped cellulosic sheet having a high level of surface-perceived softness that comprises continuously forming a web of cellulosic papermaking fibers, adhering said web to a thermal drying means, treating said adhered web with an amido amine salt derived from a partially acid-neutralized amine, and creping said treated web from said thermal drying means.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making soft tissue paper which includes providing a dry tissue web and then applying a sufficient amount of a functional-polysiloxane softener compound to the dry web. The softener application process includes the steps of mixing a functional-polysiloxane compound with a suitable nonvolatile diluent, such as a mineral oil, forming an emulsion containing the functional-polysiloxane compound and nonvolatile diluent using a volatile solvent, such as water, and surfactant emulsifier, applying the emulsion to a heated transfer surface, evaporating the volatile solvent from the emulsion to form a film, and then contacting the dry tissue web with the heated transfer surface. Preferably, the tissue web is dried to a moisture level below its equilibrium moisture content before application of the functional-polysiloxane material.

Abstract: A high pulp content nonwoven composite fabric is disclosed. The composite fabric contains more than about 70 percent, by weight, pulp fibers which are hydraulically entangled into a continuous filament substrate. This high pulp content composite nonwoven fabric may be used as a heavy duty wiper or as a fluid distribution material, cover material, and/or absorbent material in an absorbent personal care product. Also disclosed is a method of making the high pulp content nonwoven composite fabric.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making soft tissue paper which includes providing a dry tissue web and then applying a sufficient amount of a functional-polysiloxane softener compound to the dry web. The softener application process includes the steps of mixing a functional-polysiloxane compound with a suitable nonvolatile diluent, such as a nonfunctional-polysiloxane, forming an emulsion containing the functional-polysiloxane compound and nonvolatile diluent using a volatile solvent, such as water, and surfactant emulsifier, applying the emulsion to a heated transfer surface, evaporating the volatile solvent from the emulsion to form a film, and then contacting the dry tissue web with the heated transfer surface. Preferably, the tissue web is dried to a moisture level below its equilibrium moisture content before application of the functional-polysiloxane material.

Abstract: Tissue papers, in particular pattern densified tissue papers, having an enhanced tactile sense of softness when treated with certain polyhydroxy fatty acid amide softener systems that are biodegradable are disclosed. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides have the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl or a mixture thereof; R.sup.2 is a C.sub.5 -C.sub.31 hydrocarbyl group; and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain.

Abstract: A trace amount of a polytetrafluoroethylene resin is incorporated with an abrasive pigment prior to or during the preparation of an aqueous pigment slurry or is applied to dry pigment to reduce the abrasivity of the pigment. The treated pigment can be employed in the manufacture of filled and coated paper.

Abstract: Paper that is uniquely suitable for use in the aseptic packaging of foods, beverages, and the like is produced via a two step sizing process comprising an internal size step and a surface size step. The internal size includes approximately 1.0% anionic rosin and about 1.3 to 2.6% alum (based on the dry pulp weight) blended to a 4.0 to 4.5 pH controlled papermachine headbox stock furnish. Following web formation and drying, the surface size is applied with a composition including about 0.025 to 0.050% alkyl ketene dimer (based on the dry pulp weight) blended with a traditional starch formulation and sufficient sodium bicarbonate to both neutralize any unreacted alum present near the surface of the internally sized web and to produce a paper having a water extractable pH level of from about 4.0 to below 6.0. Secondary web drying follows the surface size application.

Abstract: Binder is applied to fibers during the production of a web on a wet laid sheet manufacturing line. Particles are bound to fibrous material by a binder that has a volatility less than water, wherein the binder has a functional group capable of forming a hydrogen bond with the fibers, and a functional group that is capable of forming a hydrogen bond or a coordinate covalent bond with the particles. The binder may be activated or reactivated by addition of heat, liquid, or mechanical energy such that fibers treated with binder may be shipped to a distribution point before particles are bound to the fibers. The binder may be a polymeric binder selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, polyamides and polyamines, and in which the polymeric binder has a hydrogen bonding functionality or coordinate covalent bond forming functionality on each repeating unit of the polymeric binder.

Abstract: An improved papermaking process has been developed to enhance the properties of the resultant paper or paper-type products. The process involves adding a polyvinyl alcohol/vinylamine copolymer along with a crosslinking agent at the dry end step of a conventional papermaking process. Improvements in the properties of the resultant paper products are observed, especially at low levels of copolymer addition.

Abstract: Paper suitable for use in corrugated shipping containers is provided. Medium paper of this invention has a basis weight of at least about 15 pounds and a relatively high cross-direction crush resistance typically exceeding 2.4 pounds force per six inches width per unit base weight of the oven-dried product in lbs/1000 ft.sup.2. Linerboard of this invention has a correspondingly greater cross-direction crush resistance. The paper is preferably produced by applying starch solutions at high percent solids at elevated temperatures using a size press technique to provide at least about 30% of the starch in a defined inner zone of the paper sheet. The strength of the paper is improved through a carefully controlled distribution of the starch throughout the thickness of the paper.

Abstract: A paper sheet or paperboard, such as boxboard, cardboard and the like has one surface coated with a surfactant to prevent, or at least retard the penetration of moisture through the thickness of the paperboard to the other surface thereof. A method of making a paper sheet or paperboard which has an improved resistance to or retards the penetration of moisture through the thickness of the paperboard comprises the sequential steps of applying a thin coating of a surfactant to one surface of the paperboard, and immediately drying the coated surfactant on the paperboard.

Abstract: A process for making soft tissue paper which includes the steps of wet-laying cellulosic fibers to form a web, applying to the wet web, at a fiber consistency level of from about 10% to about 80%, a polysiloxane material, and then drying and creping the web to form the finished tissue paper. The process may further include the steps of applying an effective amount of a surfactant material to enhance softness and/or wettability control; and/or an effective amount of a binder material, such as starch, for linting control, and/or to contribute tensile strength to the tissue paper.

Abstract: An apparatus for wet-end coating a web on a papermachine before the web enters the dryer comprises a first endless porous fabric passing around a first couch roll equipped with a suction box. As the web passes around the first couch roll, a first applicator applies a coating on a top side of the web with the first suction box drawing some of the coating color onto and through the web so as to coat the top side thereof. The web is then conveyed on a second endless porous fabric which passes around a second couch roll equipped with a second suction box. In this case, the top side of the web is in contact with the second porous fabric so that a second applicator may apply coating color on the bottom side of the web with the second suction box, as above, drawing some of the coating color onto and through the wet web for coating the bottom side thereof. The applicators may be rolls which contact the web.

Abstract: Novel pulp, paper and paperboard manufacturing methods utilizing water-insoluble organic hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons can be introduced into the pressing operation of the pulp, paper, or paperboard making machine or can be substituted for water at any point prior to the end of the press section. The result is a significant saving in dryer energy which can be translated to greater productivity in dryer-limited processes. The result is a significant saving in dryer energy which can be translated to greater productivity in dryer limited systems. Functional chemical additives may be dissolved, dispersed or emulsified in the hydrocarbon and thereby introduced into the web. Much less functional chemical additive is required than with wet end addition.

Abstract: Sizing compounds particularly cyclic acid anhydrides are used as such or in solution with non-aqueous protic and/or protic solvents to mass-size cellulose products such as paper, board, cardboard and similar cellulose and synthetic fibre products. In a preferred embodiment, the cyclic acid anhydrides or their solutions in inert solvents are introduced into the wet-end of the paper machine at a position where the paper slurry is in a highly turbulent state so that they are immediately homogenized and reacted with the cellulose stock.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sheet obtained by a papermaking process and usable as a product that can be substituted for conventional products referred to as impregnated glass covering products. The sheet essentially contains cellulose fibers, non-cellulose fibers, a thermoplastic powder of specified grain size, and a binder. It is optionally covered with a layer of plasticizer for the thermoplastic powder. Its resistance to traction-delamination increases with grain size. It is applicable as a backing, in particular to floor or wall coverings.

Abstract: When a paper web is coated on paper machine the surface temperature is controlled at or below a temperature determined by an equation (1) given below, in order to obtain a coated paper having an evenly coated layer. ##EQU1## where T: surface temperature of the paper web (.degree.C.)m: wet value of the paper web (g by weight)v: viscosity of the coating composition (cps)x: x=40 or 35 with 35 being the preferred form of the equation.

Abstract: A method of making a photographic paper support having improved raw stock keeping characteristics by an internal acid sizing step and an external alkaline sizing step to achieve a water extractable pH of from 6 to 9.5.

Abstract: In the manufacture of creped tissue products, the adhesion between the tissue sheet and the creping cylinder can be increased by applying one component of an adhesive complex to the sheet and another component of an adhesive complex to the creping cylinder. When the two components are brought into contact at the pressure roll nip, an adhesive complex is formed which adheres the sheet to the creping cylinder.

Abstract: Processes are described for making highly absorbent tissues and towels by wet-laying pulps comprising particular polycarboxylate polymer-modified fibrous pulps such as mildly hydrolyzed methyl acrylate-grafted softwood kraft pulps; these pulps have distinct protonated and alkali-metal-cation-exchanged states. The wet-laying processes are adapted to exploit the very different behavior of the polymer-modified fibrous pulps in function of the two states. The preferred wet-laying processes described herein are continuous processes embodying one or more on-line chemical treatment steps which chemically switch state of the polymer-modified fibrous pulp component in a wet web on the papermaking machine to improve the processing thereof by averting or minimizing tendencies to mechanically or thermally degrade.

Abstract: A nonwoven filtration fabric is composed of a plurality of fiber components of dissimilar denier and length which are evenly intermingled and bonded together in a sheet, including a first fiber component of staple polyester fibers of high denier and a textile length, a second fiber component of staple polyester fibers of low denier and shorter length than the first fiber component, a third fiber component of wood pulp fibers of shorter length than the first fiber components, and a suitable binder. The fabric is formed by a wet laid process in which the dissimilar fiber components are evenly mixed and distributed in a homogeneous slurry. A filter media made of the fabric has a high tensile strength, even pore size and distribution, low pressure drop, and is suitable for macrofiltration applications, such as filtering milk.

Abstract: The stiffness of paper is enhanced by the addition thereto of a composition consisting essentially of an acrylamide polymer and glyoxal with or without starch.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of a decorative thermosetting laminate with an abrasion-resistant surface layer, which laminate comprises paper sheets impregnated with a thermosetting resin. In the process a continuous paper is impregnated with a noble thermosetting resin such as melamine-formaldehyde resin. At least one side of the paper is coated with 2-20 g/m.sup.2, preferably 3-12 g/m.sup.2 of small, dry and hard particles evenly distributed over the whole wet surface of the resin on the continuous paper. The resin is dried, whereupon the particle coated impregnated paper, so-called prepreg is possibly cut to sheets. At least one such sheet or continuous paper is placed as a surface layer on a base layer and bonded thereto.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making soft tissue paper which includes the steps of wet-laying cellulose fibers to form a web, applying to the wet web, at a fiber consistency level of from about 10% to about 80%, a noncationic surfactant, and then drying and creping the web to form the finished tissue paper. The process may further include the steps of applying an effective quantity of a binder material, such as starch, to the wet web for linting control, and to contribute tensile strength to the tissue paper.

Abstract: Urea is used to pacify "stickies" in the manufacture of paper products, particularly coated boxboard.

Abstract: Water-soluble copolymers containing copolymerized vinylamine units are prepared by copolymerizing (a) from 95 to 10 mol % of N-vinylformamide and (b) from 5 to 90 mol % of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl vinyl ethers, the esters, nitriles and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and then eliminating from 30 to 100 mol % of the formyl groups from the copolymer. Preferred copolymers are copolymers of N-vinylformamide and vinyl acetate, in which from 30 to 100 mol % of the monomer units are hydrolyzed. The copolymers are used in papermaking to increase the dry strength and wet strength of the paper.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of making a resilient hydrophilic cellulosic pulp particularly suitable for conversion into an absorbent fluff for products such as disposable diapers. The process involves treating a wet or partially dried cellulosic fiber web with an aqueous solution of a glycol and dialdehyde. Glyoxal and propylene glycol are preferred materials. These are desirable sprayed on a wet or only partially dried sheet at some convenient location on a conventional paper machine. This location is not critical, but a point about midway through the press section has given excellent results. The treated sheet is then dried conventionally. There is no need for the use of any catalysts or for a prolonged curing step at elevated temperatures. The products of the invention are characterized by a much increased absorbency rate and by a somewhat higher water holding capacity. The sheets also require less power for milling into a fibrous fluff.

Abstract: A process for making a soft, strong cellulosic sheet weighing from about 2 to about 15 pounds per 2880 sq. ft., comprising selectively treating a face surface of a cellulosic fibrous web with a dilute aqueous solution of a chemical debonding agent in an amount effective to soften a surface zone of the web proximate the treated face surface, whereby a composite strong zone/soft surface zone structure results, with the soft surface zone thereof including the treated face surface and being from about 10 to about 40% of the total thickness of the web, and with the strong zone being effectively untreated by the agent. The cellulosic sheet made by this process is characterized by a strong inner surface zone of from about 50 to about 90% of the total thickness of the sheet, and a soft and pleasing-to-the-touch outer surface zone comprising the remainder of the thickness of the sheet.

Abstract: A coating press apparatus is disclosed for coating a first and second side of a pressed web formed in a forming section of a papermaking machine. The apparatus includes a first press roll which defines a smooth imperforate first surface. The first surface cooperates with the first side of the web. A first backing roll cooperates with the first press roll for defining therebetween a first nip for the passage therethrough of the web. A first felt supports the web during passage through the first nip and a first short-dwell coater applies a coating directly to the surface of the first press roll upstream relative to the first nip such that a smooth and even first layer of the coating substance is applied to the first side of the web during passage of the web through the first nip.

Abstract: Novel pulp, paper and paperboard manufacturing methods utilizng non polar organic solvents. These solvents can be introduced into the pressing operation of the pulp, paper, or paperboard making machine or can be substituted for water at any point after the formation stage. The result is a significant saving in dryer energy which can be translated to greater productivity in dryer-limited processes, accompanied by an improvement in tensile strength and other physical properties.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a new method for preparing a fibrous product containing cellulosic fibers and which is useful, in particular in lieu of asbestos, in the field of covering panels such as for instance wall and floor covering panels. Said method comprises the formation of a sheet according to a paper-making technique from an aqueous suspension comprising:slightly refined cellulosic fibers having a Schopper-Riegler degree comprised between 15 and 35, in association, if the occasion arises, with non-cellulosic fibers,an inorganic flocculating agent,an organic polymeric binder, andan inorganic filler,and the squeezing of the wet drained sheet under a linear load of 5 to 35 kg/cm, then the drying of the squeezed sheet.The sheet thus obtained is, if the occasion arises, subjected to a mechanical and/or chemical complementary treatment.The invention is also concerned with the sheet obtained according to this method, as a new industrial product.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to process and apparatus for the production of variegated paper, especially including but not limited to paper used in the manufacture of simulated caning material. The process involves the indirect application of aqueous dye solutions to a wet paper web, after formation on the wire and passage of the web through the wet press section, but prior to drying. Multiple jet-like streams of a plurality of dye solutions are directed at the surface of a resilient transfer roller, while being oscillated transversely of the web in an asynchronous manner. Jet-like streams of dye solution apply a relatively wide flow pattern to the surface of the transfer roller, and also cause substantial desirable splattering of the dye solution on the roll surface for subsequent transfer to the wet web, as it passes through a pressure nip formed in part by the transfer roller.

Abstract: Method of making glass fiber mat of improved tensile strength by forming the mat from a plurality of glass fibers and a binder composition therefor which consists essentially of a urea-formaldehyde resin and alkoxylated alkyl amine surfactant.