Abstract: A ceramic investment mold is disposed in a casting chamber and communicates with a pour cup melt reservoir connected to the mold and having a reservoir volume for holding enough melt to fill the mold. The melt pour cup reservoir is communicated to the mold via an inverted loop feed gate so that the melt is fed from a lower region of the reservoir through the inverted loop feed gate to the mold upon gas pressurization of the reservoir. The loop feed gate is configured to have a loop region above the melt level in the reservoir so as to prevent melt flow from the reservoir to the more mold cavities in the absence of reservoir pressurization. While residing in the pour cup reservoir, oxides and other inclusion-forming particles in the melt can float to the upper surface of the melt, whereby the melt fed from the lower region of the reservoir to the mold via the inverted loop melt feed gate includes reduced amount of inclusion-forming particles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for supplying molten metal to a die-casting machine. Metal is received from a smelter in a road-going vessel. A burner is lowered into an opening in the road-going vessel to direct heat into the road-going vessel to maintain the molten metal within the road-going vessel at a suitable temperature. Molten metal is transferred from the road-going vessel to a die-casting machine without substantial re-refining. Preferably the molten metal is transferred directly to a die-casting machine using a covered launder system connectable to the road-going vessel to shield the molten metal from atmospheric contact.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling an injection of a die-casting machine, the apparatus having an open-shut valve for opening and shutting a hydraulic channel through which hydraulic fluid is discharged from a boost cylinder device and a boost cylinder flow-control valve for regulating a flow of the hydraulic fluid discharged from the boost cylinder device. When a highly viscous molten material is injected toward a casting mold and the molten material reaches a gate of the casting mold, an injection resistance is increased. At this time, by regulating the hydraulic channel with the control valves to discharge the hydraulic fluid in accordance with a predetermined program, the boost cylinder device applies further pressure to the injecting piston to assist injection process, thereby preventing inappropriate change in injection speed. Consequently, the open-shut valve is opened to conduct ordinary pressure boosting pressure process.

Abstract: A method for fabricating bushings for lead-acid cells or batteries is provided which is amenable to automation and control and provides relatively porosity-free bushings comprising utilizing a mold having a cavity in the configuration of the bushing desired and a lead fill unit comprising a lead pot with the molten lead alloy for the bushing and a heated fill line and/or heated fill block wherein the mold and lead fill units are moved into alignment, heating such as induction heating to cause the solidified molten alloy at the end of the heated fill line or in the heated fill block orifice to become molten, gravity filling the mold and then moving the mold and lead fill unit out of alignment, the bushing preferably being cast in an upside-down orientation so as to minimize gas entrainment and/or particulate contamination.

Abstract: The casting apparatus has a holding furnace for holding a reservoir of molten material, at least one smaller pumping furnace also for holding a reservoir of molten material and a casting cavity connected to the pumping furnace by one or more feed pipes. The pumping furnace is provided with a pressurizing assembly for applying a pressure to force the molten material from the pumping furnace into the casting cavity. The pumping furnace and holding furnace are contiguous and are connected by a non-return valve which prevents the flow of molten material from the pumping furnace to the holding furnace during pressurization but which allows the flow of molten material from the holding furnace to the pumping furnace after pressurization.

Abstract: For charging casting machines with non-ferrous molten metals, melt (S) is supplied from a withdrawal chamber (6) of a melting furnace (1) having a gas atmosphere to the filling hole (18) of a casting machine. To achieve an economic, easily dosable charging of the melt, the metered melt (S) is pumped up inside the withdrawal chamer (6) via a metering pump (12) and is drained towards the filling hole (18) via a discharge pipe (15) extending through the furnace wall, where through inlet nozzles (11) opening into the withdrawal chamber (6) a pulsed supply of gas to the withdrawal chamber (6) is effected to support the melt flow.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is provided for producing semi-solid material suitable for directly casting into a component wherein the semi-solid material is formed from a molten material and the molten material is introduced into a container. Semi-solid is produced therefrom by agitating, shearing, and thermally controlling the molten material. The semi-solid material is maintained in a substantially isothermal state within the container by appropriate thermal control and thorough three dimensional mixing. Extending from the container is a means for removing the semi-solid material from the container, including a temperature control mechanism to control the temperature of the semi-solid material within the removing means.

Abstract: Rheocasting is effected by an apparatus that comprises a melt tank, a temperature-controllable stirrer that is immersed in a melt contained in the melt tank and can stir the melt, a screw conveyor apparatus that can draw off metal in a semi-solid state contained in the melt tank. Vertical melt separation grooves on the inside of the conveyor apparatus enable the semi-solid into a semi-solid having a viscosity that is not less than a prescribed viscosity value and a semi-solid having a viscosity that is less than the prescribed viscosity value.

Abstract: In a metallic ingot used as a forging stock, high dimensional accuracy, small dispersion of weight, good inner quality, and small radius of meniscus are required. In the metallic ingot fulfilling these requirements, the metallic melt 7 is completely filled the mold comprising a sprue 4 closed after pouring of the melt and is forcedly solidified at its bottom by the cooling plate 1. The crystal grains grow almost parallel to the rising direction of the upper surface of the melt 7. The ingot has no cutting surface on the casting surface.

Abstract: The apparatus which pushes or elevates molten material into a mold cavity. The apparatus further includes a reservoir and a shuttle for transferring the molten material from a reservoir. The shuttle and reservoir assembly permits molten material to be elevated upwardly into the shuttle from the beneath the surface of the molten material to minimize or eliminate pouring and thus turbulence and pores in the final product. The final product is free of cracks and laminations, and is smooth and nonporous.

Abstract: A casting device for counter gravity casting of a light-metal alloy avoids local expansion of the mould cavity. The device includes a pump for conveying molten light metal from a holding furnace through a reservoir via a nozzle to an inlet system in a mould in order fill the mould cavity. The mean cross-sectional area of the reservoir is substantially greater than the mean cross-sectional area of the inlet in the mould. The length of the reservoir constitutes a major portion of the distance between the pump and the mold.

Abstract: A bath of molten metal is provided, from which a flow is removed. The flow circulates through an unheated conduit to a selected location remote from the bath, and then back to the bath. A depending conduit portion having a heated valve is provided at the selected location. Operation of the valve allows a predetermined amount of the molten metal to be directed into a casting mold.

Abstract: Molten metal is delivered from a master furnace to the molten metal holding chamber of a low pressure casting machine by a launder assembly having a unitary, quickly replaceable, valve assembly including a valve which, when closed, prevents flow of the molten metal from the master furnace to the holding vessel. The valve has a plug mounted for rotation in a valve body which may be made from graphite. In a modification, the valve has a port centered in a valve plate and a movable plug which may be made from aluminum titanate. In operation, the valve is opened to permit the molten metal within the master furnace and the holding vessel to seek a substantially uniform level and closed when the low pressure casting process is initiated. While the valve is closed, a pressurizing gas is introduced into the holding vessel above the level of the molten metal therein so that molten metal will rise up a riser tube into the cavity of a mold or other molten metal-receiving member.

Abstract: Apparatus for casting metals, especially alloys with low melting points, has a melt container which is connected to a mold via a casting line. A standpipe branches off from the casting line in the melt container. The melt is covered by an inert fluid blanket and the level of melt in the melt container is monitored and maintained such that at least a portion of the standpipe is surrounded by the melt. An overflow valve selectively opens or closes an overflow hole in the standpipe, the overflow hole being immersed in the inert fluid, to adjust the level of melt in the casting line.

Abstract: An injection unit for a die casting machine having a fixed platen with a fixed die and a moving platen with a moving die, the moving die and the fixed die meeting on a part line for casting, the fixed die having an injection nozzle seat, and an inclined opening defining an inclined passage within the die from the injection nozzle seat to the part line, the injection unit comprising a base plate supporting a minipot, injection device, an injection nozzle support and an injection nozzle, a mechanism to move said base plate towards and away from said fixed die to seat or unseat the injection nozzle in the injection nozzle seat.

Abstract: A die for use with a die casting machine comprised of a left hand die half, a right hand die half, in which the die halves close on a part line, an injection nozzle seat, an injection fluid inlet, a runner and a cavity, the invention comprising a left hand die half having a protrusion extending over the part line when the die halves are closed, the top of the protrusion forming the base of the injection fluid inlet when the die halves are closed, the bottom of the protrusion is spaced from the upper surface of the lower part of the right hand die half

Abstract: The apparatus comprises first and second mold blocks, each having a pair of matching mold half cavities and being adapted to be held in assembled relationship with the half cavities in abutting register, to define, a pair of full cavities. The apparatus further includes a sprue cutter plate pivotally mounted on the upper surface of one of the blocks. The sprue plate also has (i) a pair of orifice holes in a lower planar surface spaced so as to be aligned with the tops of the full cavities, (ii) a pair of spaced apart countersinks recessed into an upper planar surface and in respective connecting register with the pair of orifice holes, and (iii) a trough in the upper planar surface connecting the pair of countersinks.

Abstract: A method of casting molten material into a strip-shaped product having substantially intended final dimensions that first supplies molten material into the interior of a vessel having a casting nozzle connected thereto. The nozzle is formed of a refractory ceramic material and has a passage extending therethrough from an inlet opening connected directly to the interior of the vessel to an outlet opening. The nozzle is oriented relative to the vessel so that the outlet opening is positioned at a location higher than the inlet opening. Molten material passes from the vessel interior directly through the inlet opening and into the passage until an upper level of molten material in the passage is the same as an upper level of molten material in the vessel interior and below the outlet opening. Solidification of the molten material is commenced in the passage, thereby forming solidifying material.

Abstract: A casting process with a forced and controlled vortex at sprue intake comprising imposing rotating motion to molten metal in a pouring basin on a casting mold to create a vortex of molten metal while introducing the molten metal into a cavity, and causing the vortex of molten metal to flow into a sprue along an inner wall thereof so as to create a central vortex core in the molten metal in the sprue while the molten metal is being poured into the sprue.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a mold for aluminothermic welding without preheating of two metal parts, said mold being composed of two mold parts and two sets of cores and having internally employed a mold cavity and two mold channels with cross-sections of elongated shape, extending from underneath the base portion of said mold cavity to the upper side of said mold, said mold channels and the extremities of said base portion being connected together through two connecting ducts with cross-sections of elongated shape on the vertical, the rising channels being employed from recesses of mold channels or cores and complementary channel portions determined by positions of said cores inserted into said mold channels onto positioning means, said mold in which closing gates connecting the upper side of rising channels directly to the atmosphere or to the upper side of head portion of said mold cavity, the invention further relating to a process in which a liquid bath of constant height is created in the welding cavity,

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering a metered shot of molten metal from a dispensing vessel through a shot tube comprises: a dispensing vessel for holding molten metal and having a shot tube for discharge of the molten metal, a reservoir of gas for pressurizing the dispensing vessel, a variable regulator for regulating the flow of gas. The regulator has a backload for varying the pressure at which the regulator regulates the flow of gas. An exhaust vent vents the dispensing vessel to the atmosphere. A supply valves opens and closes the delivery of gas to the holding vessel.

Abstract: Liquid metal is supplied from the bottom to the top into a casting mold by way of a casting runner and a filling hole arranged at the lowest point of a casting mold. Direct further use of the casting by avoiding formation of a sprue that must be subsequently processed is possible due to the fact that after totally filling the casting mold and only partial solidification of the metal therein, the casting pressure is decreased or turned off, so that liquid metal flows back out of the casting mold only through a return flow channel having a cross section significantly smaller than the cross section of the casting runner. A ram having a face corresponding in size and shape to the outer contour of the casting in the region of the filling hole is pushed at least over the last segment of the casting runner, thus displacing liquid metal present in the last segment into the casting mold sufficiently far in the direction of the mold interior until the fact of the ram aligns with the inner contour of the casting mold.

Abstract: An automatic handling system is described for delivering a molten metal, such as magnesium or magnesium alloys, to a casting machine. The handling system comprises a programmable logic controller (PLC) for monitoring and controlling the sequential delivery of shots of a precise quantity of molten metal from a furnace or holding pot to a shot delivery apparatus of the casting machine. In the preferred system, the PLC also monitors and/or controls the temperatures of the molten metal in the holding pot and in a metal transfer system, the operation of a pump for pumping molten metal from the holding pot to the shot delivery apparatus, and the level of metal in the pot, and the operation of the the casting machine.

Abstract: A vacuum casting apparatus of the type wherein a gate mechanism (12 and 10) is closed to form a seal. The interior of a cavity (6) is evacuated by a vacuum pump. The side of the gate mechanism (12 and 10) opposite to the cavity is filled with molten metal. The gate mechanism includes a ring-shaped groove (10e) having a V-shaped cross section positioned on the side opposite to the cavity which extends towards the sealing portion of the gate mechanism (12 and 10). With this arrangement, the molten metal in passage (8) fills the ring-shaped groove (10e) and enters the small clearance which exists in the sealing portion of the gate mechanism. The molten metal solidifies both within the ring-shaped groove (10) and this small clearance formed in the sealing portion. The resulting solidified metal piece has generally a ring shape that can be readily peeled off from the gate mechanism (12 and 10) following die release.

Abstract: The die casting machine includes a trough containing a supply of molten metal and a feed tube extending into the supply of molten metal in the trough. A flow of molten metal is maintained in the trough past the feed tube independent of the transfer of molten metal through the feed tube. The die casting machine further includes a filtering system.

Abstract: A casting mold has a main body provided with a vent hole opened up in a casting space of said main body. The improvement is characterized in that the vent hole is provided with air discharging means and air feeding means which are disposed at the vent hole and the air discharging means and air feeding means are suitably selected so that air within the casting space can be discharged and a pressurized air can be fed toward the casting space through the vent hole.

Abstract: The present invention involves a method and apparatus for making an intermetallic casting (e.g. a titanium, nickel, iron, etc. aluminide casting) wherein a charge of a solid first metal protected from air as required is disposed in a vessel, and a charge of a second metal that reacts exothermically with the first metal is melted in another vessel. The molten second metal is introduced to the vessel containing the charge of the first metal so as to contact the first metal. The first and second metals are heated in the vessel to exothermically react them and form a melt for gravity or countergravity casting into a mold. The exothermic reaction between the first and second metals releases substantial heat that reduces the time needed to obtain a melt ready for casting into a mold. In particular, the exothermic reaction between the first and second metals, in effect, reduces the residence time of the intermetallic melt in the vessel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a single-cast, thin wall structure capable of withstanding impinging gases at temperatures of 4300.degree. F. and higher, and method of making the same. Using a bleed line of the instant invention allows for a decreasing metal pressure with respect to time which prevents any damage to the thin outer mold wall.

Abstract: Method and apparatus used for continuous casting of copper alloy rods and tubes for obtaining a fine grain size therein. Liquidus copper alloy material flows from a reservoir area or crucible into a continuous casting die through spaced apart feed slots disposed in the casting die cap, thereby effecting agitation of the liquidus material, which prevents the formation of thermal gradients large enough to produce gross directional solidification of the alloy at the liquid-solid state transition zone. The desired agitation is effected by altering the number, location, size and angle of the feed slots in accordance with formulas provided for that purpose.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is an automatic molten metal distribution system having a function to automatically decide what one of the reserving furnaces 31 of a plurality of casting machines 30 the molten metal 36 is to be distributed. The automatic molten metal distribution system comprises: a molten metal distributor 20 for distributing the molten metal 36 to the individual reserving furnaces 31 of the plurality of casting machines 30; cast amount metering apparatus 39 for metering the individual cast amounts cast by the casting machines 30; and distributor control apparatus 22 for controlling the distributor 20 so as to distribute the molten metal 36, when the cast amount cast by any casting machine metered by the cast amount metering apparatus 39 reaches a preset cast amount set for each of the casting machines 30, to the reserving furnace 31 of said any casting machine 30.

Abstract: An improved squeeze casting process is utilized to produce metal castings having superior mechanical properties. The process is particularly adapted for use in a vertical casting machine and is characterized by vacuum ladling, vacuum evacuated mold cavities, low metal temperatures, small metal feed gates and high gate velocities, application of high metal pressure on the metal filled cavity through the feed gate, and short processing times. When applied to aluminum alloy casting the squeeze casting process produces metal castings that can be heat treated at high temperatures to improve their mechanical characteristics. The process also allows for production of metal castings having complex internal cavities. The process relies upon the use of complex core pieces demonstrating superior positional and dimensional stability.

Abstract: A channel bag and a one piece spout sock and channel bag assembly for casting metal ingots. The channel bag includes diverter strips along upper portions of the sides and a diverter panel in the bottom of the channel bag positioned to be beneath a downspout during a casting process. The diverter strips and panel deflect poured molten metal and reduce turbulence during the casting process thereby reducing the formation of oxides and other impurities. In the one piece spout sock and channel bag assembly, the spout sock is utilized to receive and properly align a downspout. An ingot casting procedure utilizing the apparatus of the present invention reduces or eliminates the use of skimmers and ingot scalping.

Abstract: Casting apparatus 10 includes a lead pot 11, a pump unit 12 and a mould block 13, having feed duct 14. The feed duct 14 communicates with the pump unit 12 by means of a supply passage 17, which is also connected to an overflow outlet 18, which can be closed by a dump valve 19. In normal operation the level of the lead in the feed duct is kept to a datum level 23 defined by the overflow. During `pouring` however the dump valve 19 is closed.

Abstract: The sum of the areas of the sections of the operational ingates 30 of the mold 4 is, at least at the time of casting, greater than the area of the section of the vertical casting chamber 28, or at least approximately equal to it. This makes it possible to slow the molten metal as it flows into the ingates, and thus to obtain a non-turbulent filling of the impressions or cavities 29.

Abstract: A countergravity low-pressure casting apparatus (10) includes a feedback control system (98) which continuously measures the actual pressure of metal being pumped into a mold (12) and controls the voltage applied to an electromagnetic pump (66) to conform the actual metal pressure with the ideal metal pressure versus casting cycle time fill schedule (96).

Abstract: An improved squeeze casting process is utilized to produce metal castings having superior mechanical properties. The process is particularly adapted for use in a vertical casting machine and is characterized by vacuum ladling, vacuum evacuated mold cavities, low metal temperatures, small metal feed gates and high gate velocities, application of high metal pressure on the metal filled cavity through the feed gate, and short processing times. When applied to aluminum alloy casting the squeeze casting process produces metal castings that can be heat treated at high temperatures to improve their mechanical characteristics.

Abstract: A countergravity casting apparatus (10) includes a mold (12) supported above a furnace (14) containing a supply of molten metal to be cast into the mold (12). An electromagnetic pump (66) is accommodated in a casting chamber (46) of the furnace (14) and pumps the metal against gravity from the furnace (14) into the mold (12). The casting chamber (46) is enclosed by an insulating cover (40) and defines an air space over the metal in the chamber (46). A lance (64) extends through the cover (40) and delivers inert gas into the air space and purges it of outside atmospheric gases that would otherwise contaminate the metal in the chamber (46).

Abstract: A melting casting process produces meltable metal cores for subsequent molding of components made of plastic material and encapsulated components such as turbine blades so they may be held for machining. The process utilizes a double acting piston in a cylinder to permit unlimited dispensing capacity without having to pause between piston strokes. The apparatus comprises a tank for containing molten metal, a double acting cylinder having both ends closed and an injection piston therein and an operating mechanism for reciprocating the piston in the cylinder. Valve mechanisms are provided so that when the piston is moved in either direction in the cylinder, a flow of molten metal passes through an injection passageway into a die, and molten metal from the tank fills the space behind the moving piston thus the cylinder always remains full of molten metal.

Abstract: A pot of molten lead is situated adjacent to a mold chamber containing a mold. A displacement piston is lowered into the pot to displace lead into the mold chamber to fill the mold. The displacement piston them allows the lead to flow back into the pot, leaving the lead in the mold. A battery handler then lowers a battery into the mold to cast lead straps onto the lugs of the battery. Water is forced through a passageway in the mold chamber to cool the lead in the mold. Air is then forced through the passageway to remove the water. The battery handler then removes the battery from the mold and a heating unit begins to preheat the mold chamber for the next battery.

Abstract: In the casting of metal alloys with low melting temperatures, an improved control system for lowering an injection piston in an injection cylinder is provided to avoid porosity occurring in castings. There is a fluid operated drive cylinder with a drive piston connected to the injection piston. A transducer is linked to the injection piston to provide an indication of location, and a controller compares the position of the injection piston with a predetermined time/distance profile and produces an injection stroke signal which is used to control the drive cylinder and ensure the injection piston follows the time/distance profile.

Abstract: In the casting of metal alloys with low melting temperatures, there is provided a nozzle for an interface connection between a transfer line and a die which permits misalignment and a variable height differential. Meal alloys with low melting temperatures are made for cores in subsequently molded plastic components and for encapsulating components for machining the other finishing steps. The nozzle has a base with a valve therein, a nozzle body adapted to move relative to the base to open the valve, and a spring to hold the valve closed. A sleeve joins the nozzle body and the base, and a connector on the nozzle body provides an interface connection between the transfer line and the die so that when the connector interfaces with the die, the valve is open.

Abstract: Casting apparatus for the vacuum-assisted, countergravity casting of a melt comprises a porous, gas permeable casting mold including a mold cavity and a melt inlet communicating the mold cavity to a lower mold portion adapted to engage an underlying source of melt and a vacuum box defining a vacuum chamber confronting the casting mold for evacuating the mold cavity when the lower mold portion and the underlying source of the melt are engaged. A valve member is disposed on the mold in an open position relative to the melt inlet to permit the melt to be drawn upwardly therethrough into the mold cavity when the lower mold portion and the source are engaged with the mold cavity evacuated and is movable to a closed position relative to the melt inlet after the mold cavity is filled with the melt to close off the melt inlet to prevent the melt from flowing out of the mold cavity when the lower mold portion and the source are subsequently disengaged.

Abstract: Casting apparatus which includes a dispenser (4,5) defining a dispensing chamber (21) of variable volume receiving molten metal (3) in use, a valve (8) having a housing (23) defining a valve chamber (24) and a passageway (7) communicating between the valve chamber and the dispensing chamber, the valve further defining an inlet port (8a) communicating with a supply (2) of molten metal and further defining an outlet port (8c) communicating with a die (9), a valve member (8d) located in the valve chamber, actuating mechanism (26) selectively operable to move the valve member into a first position closing the inlet port and a second position closing the outlet port whereby in the first position the valve connects the dispensing chamber with the die for casting metal and in the second position the valve connects the dispensing chamber with the supply of molten metal for recharging the dispensing chamber, the valve including first and second annular seats (41,42) surrounding the inlet and outlet ports respectively

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for moulding objects by feeding at least one consistent material into a mould where it solidifies prior to closing the inlet or opening of each runner of a cavity by means of at least one closing device, the gate feeding face of the runner of the cavity in question is closed, and then the molten material contained in the runner is expelled from the mould.

Abstract: Apparatus for transporting and guiding a portable furnace to transfer molten material from the furnace to a die cast machine includes a platform which supports the furnace. The platform has wheels at one end and fixed legs at the other end. The wheels roll on rails secured to the floor which guide the platform to a predetermined position, and a stop locates the platform in the proper position. The furnace is placed on the platform when the platform is in an aisle adjacent the machine, and the platform is pushed into place by lifting the fixed legs and pushing the platform. After the operation of the machine, the furnace can be removed by pulling the platform into the aisle and lifting the furnace off of the platform. The furnace can then be moved to another platform to transfer molten material to another machine.

Abstract: During the casting of reactive metals, the depletion of reactive elements from molten metal in an article mold cavity is prevented by blocking a feeder passage after filling an article mold cavity with the molten metal. To block the feeder passage, a valve member is floated on the molten metal. As the level of the molten metal rises, the valve member moves into sealing engagement with a valve seat. To make a mold structure containing the valve member, the valve member is positioned in a pattern of the mold structure. After covering the pattern with ceramic mold material, the pattern is removed to leave the valve member in the mold structure.

Abstract: A heat transfer conduit for extracting heat from a molten metal in transit from a containing vessel or delivery system includes at least two elongate segments separable along separation lines which lie generally in the direction of a longitudinal center line of the conduit, which in use, define a unitary structure. The segments can be disassembled following use for the removal of solidified material and other matter from the conduit interior.

Abstract: An improved valve mechanism for casting metal alloys with low melting temperatures provides two valves in a single assembly inside an alloy tank. The valves being in the tank reduces the formation of oxides which can occur in air and tends to reduce leaks. The apparatus comprises a tank adapted to contain molten metal alloys, a cylinder in the tank having at its base a connection to an injection passageway which leads through the tank to a die located outside the tank. A piston reciprocates in the tank which allows molten metal alloy to be drawn into the cylinder and forced through the passageway to the die. A control system for the piston controls accurately the speed of the piston in the cylinder when the molten metal alloy is fed to the die.

Abstract: A casting mold is provided for a body frame for a motorcycle including a head pipe for supporting a rotary shaft for a handle, a pair of left and right main body frame elements, connected to the head pipe and extending rearwardly of a car body, a pair of left and right engine supporting members, connected to and extending downwardly from the main body frame elements adjacent to said head pipe, and a horizontally extending frame element connecting said left and right main body frame elements to each other at intermediate portions in the longitudinal direction. The engine is supported at least at a lower end portion of the left and right engine supporting members and intermediate portions in the longitudinal direction of the left and right main body frame elements and an upper end portion of a shock absorber is connected to the horizontally extending frame elements.

Abstract: A charge of melt in an amount sufficient to cast only one mold is admitted to a casting basin from a melt-holding chamber. A casting mold is immersed in the freshly admitted charge and the charge is countergravity cast into the mold by establishing a suitable differential pressure between the mold and the charge. After casting, insufficient charge is left in the casting basin to cast the next mold whereupon the casting basin is supplied with the next fresh charge of the melt for casting the next mold. In this way, a fresh charge of melt is cast into each mold in a series of molds. Each charge of melt may be treated (e.g. nodularized) in-situ in the casting basin such that each mold is filled with a freshly treated (nodularized) charge of melt having an effective concentration of the alloyant therein.