Abstract: A method for enhanced oil recovery in a reservoir is provided. The method includes injecting a microsphere suspension, including polymeric microspheres dispersed in seawater, into an injection well in the reservoir and injecting a low salinity tailored water (SmartWater) into the injection well in the reservoir. Oil is produced from a production well in the reservoir.

Abstract: There is provided system and methods for restimulating a hydrocarbon producing well using water and pressures below the closure pressure, which results in production rates approaching the initial production rate of the well. There is provided multiple restimulation techniques using water based fluids at or below the closure pressure of the well, which results in production rates approach that of the prior rate upon stimulation.

Abstract: An organic acid system with high temperature resistance, including: 80-90% by weight of a solid organic acid anhydride, 3-10% by weight of a hydrolysis catalyst, and 5-10% by weight of a stabilizer. A preparation method and an application of the organic acid system are also provided herein.

Abstract: Unconventional hydrocarbon source rock reservoirs can contain the organic material kerogen, intertwined with the rock matrix. The kerogen can alter the tensile strength of the rock and contribute to higher fracture energy needs. To degrade kerogen and other organic materials, oxidizing gasses are dissolved in carbon dioxide (CO2) which is then used as part of a fracturing fluid. The oxidizing gasses can be dissolved directly in the CO2 or generated in situ using precursors.

Abstract: Release of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and fluoroboric acid into a well may be controlled by introducing into the well an aqueous fluid containing ammonium chloride, ammonium bifluoride, ammonium fluoroborate, ammonium tetrafluoroborate or a mixture thereof and a breaker. After being introduced into the well, the ammonium salt reacts with the breaker and the acid is released into the well.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for acidizing and perforating simultaneously.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for hydraulic fracturing includes pumping a hydraulic fracturing fluid through a wellbore into a subterranean formation at a pressure greater than a fracturing pressure of the subterranean formation. The hydraulic fracturing fluid may include an aqueous base fluid and a clay stabilizer consisting of one or more polyethylene polyamines having a first structure H2NCH2CH2(NHCH2CH2)xNH2, where x is an integer greater than or equal to 3. The amount of the clay stabilizer may be from 1 lbm/bbl to 20 lbm/bbl relative to the total volume of the hydraulic fracturing fluid. The average molecular weight of the polyethylene polyamines in the hydraulic fracturing fluid having the first chemical structure may be from 200 g/mol to 400 g/mol. All of the polyethylene polyamines in the hydraulic fracturing fluid having the first chemical structure may be encompassed in the clay stabilizer.

Abstract: In a fracturing control apparatus, a first chemical agent storage tank is connected with a first delivery pump, and a material outlet of the first delivery pump communicates with a first position of a first fracturing fluid conveying pipeline. An outlet of the first fracturing fluid conveying pipeline communicates with an inlet of a fracturing pump, an outlet of the fracturing pump communicates with an inlet of a second fracturing fluid conveying pipeline, and a first flow detector is arranged at a second position of the second fracturing fluid conveying pipeline. The first delivery pump is connected with a first output interface of a controller, and the first flow detector is connected with a first input interface of the controller. The fracturing control apparatus and the control method of the fracturing control apparatus are used for adding chemical agents into fracturing fluids.

Abstract: Methods and compositions involving a strong acid precursor that generates and/or releases a strong acid for use in a subterranean formation. In some embodiments, the methods include providing a treatment fluid comprising a base fluid and a strong acid precursor and introducing the treatment fluid in a wellbore penetrating at least a portion of a subterranean formation.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating kerogen in a subterranean formation by generating bromine and other halogens in situ in a subterranean formation. In some implementations, the generation of the bromine or halogen is delayed. This can occur, for example, by the decomposition of precursors, a chemical reaction, the encapsulation of precursors or reactants, or a combination of these approaches.

Abstract: A disposal device comprises a raw material conveyor, a raw material mixer, a liquid waste conveying pipeline, an additive tank, a powder waste conveyor, an output pump, a liquid supply pump, a liquid supply manifold, an output manifold, a mixed liquid conveying pipeline, a high-pressure injection pump, a high-pressure pipeline, and a wellhead sealing device. A method of employing the device includes: drilling a well; forming a fracture in the granite stratum; preparing a raw material; and injecting, by using the disposal device, a sand-carrying feed liquid from a high-pressure injection pump into the fracture of the underground granite stratum, so as to perform solidification.

Abstract: Embodiments of treating fluid comprising hydrocarbons, water, and polymer being produced from a hydrocarbon-bearing formation are provided. One embodiment comprises adding a concentration of a viscosity reducer to the fluid to degrade the polymer present in the fluid and adding a concentration of a neutralizer to the fluid to neutralize the viscosity reducer in the fluid. The addition of the concentration of the viscosity reducer is in a sufficient quantity to allow for complete chemical degradation of the polymer prior to the addition of the concentration of the neutralizer in the fluid such that excess viscosity reducer is present in the fluid. The addition of the concentration of the neutralizer is sufficiently upstream of any surface fluid processing equipment to allow for complete neutralization of the excess viscosity reducer such that excess neutralizer is present in the fluid prior to the fluid reaching any of the surface fluid processing equipment.

Abstract: Methods may include using geometrical and mechanical properties to generate a model of one or more intervals of a wellbore; designing a fluid pumping schedule for a wellbore treatment fluid system; simulating flow of a fluid system containing solids using the model of the one or more intervals of the wellbore, wherein simulating comprises determining the flow rate distribution within the wellbore and modeling the settling and resuspension of the solids within the flow of the fluid system; and updating the fluid pumping schedule based on the output determined from the simulated flow of the fluid system. Methods may also include determining the critical velocity of the fluid system for various concentrations of one or more of solids and additives; and selecting the concentration of the one or more of solids and additives based on the critical velocities determined.

Abstract: Methods for fracturing subterranean formations include pumping a micro-proppant slurry into a wellbore located in the subterranean formation containing near field primary fractures and far field secondary fractures and sequentially increasing and decreasing flow rates of the micro-proppant slurry in the wellbore while propagating far field secondary fractures within the subterranean formation during two or more stress treatment cycles. Each stress treatment cycle includes increasing the flow rate of the micro-proppant slurry in the wellbore, then decreasing the flow rate of the micro-proppant slurry in the wellbore. The micro-proppant slurry includes a fracturing fluid and a micro-proppant having an average particle size of 150 micrometers or less.

Abstract: An injection stimulation agent for water injection well and the preparation method and application thereof are described. The raw material composition of the injection stimulation agent for water injection well comprises: 5.0%-10.0% of sulfamic acid, 10.0%-20.0% of methanol, 10.0%-20.0% of tartaric acid, 10.0%-20.0% of ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphoric acid, 5.0%-10.0% of sodium polyacrylate, 5.0%-8.0% of cocoyl hydroxyethyl sulfonic acid and the balance of water. Embodiments include a preparation method of the above injection stimulation agent. The injection stimulation agent for water injection well can be used in acidizing treatment process of the reservoir, and can be used directly. The injection stimulation agent can play the role of shrinking swelled clay at the same time of dissolving scale, and finally achieve the purpose of depressurization and enhanced production.

Abstract: Methods for reducing pressure dependent leak-off (PDL) in PDL fractures of an unconventional subterranean formation are described. The methods include introducing a first fluid including micro-proppant particulates into the formation, allowing a portion of the micro-proppant particulates in the first fluid to seal one or more PDL fractures in the formation, pumping an acid into the formation, allowing a portion of the micro-proppant particulates in the first fluid to divert a flow of at least a portion of the acid from the PDL fractures to a primary fracture, introducing a second fluid including micro-proppant particulates into the formation, and allowing a portion of the micro-proppant particulates in the second fluid to seal one or more PDL fractures in the formation.

Abstract: A method of placing a slurry stream comprising dry friction reducer (DFR) into a subterranean formation comprising: forming a slurry comprising an aqueous-based fluid and a proppant by introducing a dry material comprising the proppant and the aqueous-based fluid into a blender; forming a DFR slurry stream comprising DFR; and introducing the DFR slurry stream into the formation, wherein forming the DFR slurry stream comprises: forming a DFR concentrate; adding the DFR concentrate into the slurry in the blender at a location within the blender distant a location at which the dry material is added thereto, and removing the DFR slurry stream from the blender; forming a DFR concentrate, removing a slurry stream from the blender, and adding the DFR concentrate into the slurry stream to provide the DFR slurry stream; and/or introducing dry, powdered DFR into the blender and removing the DFR slurry stream from the blender.

Abstract: A wellbore treatment fluid comprising: a base fluid; and an additive comprising: a first polymer bundle selected from the group consisting of cellulose nanofibrils, cellulose nanocrystals, and combinations thereof; and a second polymer, wherein the second polymer attaches to the first polymer bundle by a non-covalent mechanism. A method of treating a portion of a wellbore comprising: introducing the treatment fluid into the wellbore.

Abstract: Reaction products produced by mixing a maleated tall oil fatty acid and/or a maleated soy oil fatty acid/DETA component with an amine or amine bottom preparation are used as clay inhibitors in drilling fluids and in hydraulic fracturing fluids for drilling wells and for fracturing subterranean formations, and are also used as clay inhibitors in other treatment fluids for treating wells or subterranean formations.

Abstract: There is provided system and methods for restimulating a hydrocarbon producing well using water and pressures below the closure pressure, which results in production rates approaching the initial production rate of the well. There is provided multiple restimulation techniques using water based fluids at or below the closure pressure of the well, which results in production rates approach that of the prior rate upon stimulation.

Abstract: A technique for reducing harmonic vibration in a multiplex multi-pump system. The technique includes establishing a lower bound of system specific vibration-related information such as via pressure variation or other vibration indicator. Establishing the lower bound may be achieved through simulation with the system or through an initial sampling period of pump operation. During this time, random perturbations through a subset of the pumps may be utilized to disrupt timing or phase of the subset. Thus, system vibration may randomly increase or decrease upon each perturbation. Regardless, with a sufficient number of sampled perturbations, the lower bound may be established. Therefore, actual controlled system operations may proceed, again employing random perturbations until operation of the system close to the known lower bound is substantially attained.

Abstract: In some aspects, the present disclosure includes systems and methods for determining and delivering diverting material to dominant fractures in a stage of a subterranean formation. The method includes creating or extending a plurality of fractures in a stage of a subterranean formation; pumping fracturing fluid to the plurality of fractures; identifying dominant fractures among the plurality of fractures; determining a desired amount of diverters to deliver to the dominant fractures; and pumping the determined amount of diverters to the dominant fractures so as to redistribute the flow of fracturing fluid between the plurality of fractures.

Abstract: Enhancing the recovery of unconventional and conventional hydrocarbons is possible by utilizing patterns of wells and hydraulic fractures that are carefully designed to avoid interconnection between injection and production well fractures to allow for both primary production and improved secondary production. Adjacent horizontal wells may be drilled and fractured, with selected wells converted to injection wells after primary production to produce alternating production and injection fractures. In addition, infill horizontal injection wells may be drilled and fractured adjacent to an existing and previously produced multiple transverse fracture horizontal hydrocarbon production well to produce alternating production and injection fractures.

Abstract: Embodiments of generating controlled fractures in geologic formation are provided herein. In one embodiment, a method comprises preconditioning by applying a sufficient amount of energy comprising AC power to the electrodes to induce an electrical field between opposite electrode contact points to generate a least one conductive channel between a pair of electrodes. The generation of the conductive channel is complete when current flow measured by a network analyzer exhibits a measured reduction of channel resistance of 90% ohms or more in 6 hours or less from when preconditioning first began. The method further comprises, subsequent to generating the conductive channel, fracturing by applying electrical impulses to the electrodes. The application of the electrical pulses generates multiple controlled fractures within and about the conductive channel. The energy is applied using a single phase configuration, a multiphase configuration, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to delivery and release systems, such as core-shell particles. An exemplary composition according to the disclosure can include a carrier element forming an outer shell that defines an inner core. The core can include a reactive agent that is adapted to react with the shell, particularly at an inner interface of the shell with the core materials. The reaction can provide an inside-out degradation of the shell and release of one or more materials therein. The reactive agent may be separated from the shell, such as using a phase change material (PCM). Upon reaching specific environmental conditions, the PCM can change so as the release the reactive agent for reaction with the shell. The systems can be used in various methods to deliver a material to various environments, including underground reservoirs.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to downhole tools comprising aqueous-degradable sealing elements and, more specifically, to downhole tools comprising a body and an aqueous-degradable sealing element, wherein at least a portion of the body is also degradable upon exposure to a wellbore environment. A downhole tool that includes a body, wherein at least a portion of the body is degradable when exposed to a wellbore environment; and at least one aqueous-degradable sealing element composed of an aqueous-degradable elastomer, wherein the aqueous-degradable sealing element degrades when exposed to an aqueous fluid in the wellbore environment.

Abstract: A wellbore treatment fluid comprising: a base fluid; a viscosifier, wherein the viscosifier is a synthetic, cross-linked polymer having a thermal stability greater than 275° F.; a breaker, wherein the breaker decreases the viscosity of the treatment fluid at or above a breaker-activation temperature; and an activator, wherein the activator is a chelate complex, and wherein the activator activates the breaker to reduce the viscosity of the treatment fluid at a temperature less than the breaker-activation temperature. A method of treating a subterranean formation comprising: introducing the treatment fluid into the subterranean formation.

Abstract: When used outside the pH range at which metal ion complexation normally occurs, aminopolycarboxylic acids can moderate the reaction rate of acids with carbonate minerals. Methods for treating a subterranean formation can comprise: providing a treatment fluid comprising an aqueous carrier fluid, an acid, and a chelating agent comprising an aminopolycarboxylic acid, the treatment fluid having a pH below that at which the carboxylic acid groups of the chelating agent are substantially protonated and the chelating agent is ineffective for complexing a metal ion; introducing the treatment fluid into a subterranean formation comprising a carbonate mineral; reacting the acid with the carbonate mineral, such that the acid at least partially spends and the pH of the treatment fluid rises; and once the pH of the treatment fluid rises above a pKa value for one or more of the carboxylic acid groups, complexing a metal ion with the chelating agent.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for formulating treatment fluids that comprise a surfactant having reduced and delayed adsorption. In one embodiment, the method comprises: introducing a first treatment fluid comprising an aqueous base fluid and a polyelectrolyte into a wellbore penetrating at least a portion of a subterranean formation; contacting at least a portion of the subterranean formation with the polyelectrolyte; and introducing a second treatment fluid comprising an aqueous base fluid and a surfactant into the wellbore penetrating at least the portion of the subterranean formation.

Abstract: Methods of treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a well bore, by providing a first acidic treatment fluid comprising fibers to fracture the formation and providing a non-acidic treatment fluid comprising multiple particle size acid precursors having a first average particle size between about 3 mm and 2 cm and a second amount of acid precursors having a second average size between about 1.6 and 20 times smaller than the first average particle size or a second amount of flakes having a second average size up to 10 times smaller than the first average particle size.

Abstract: A method of dehydrating proppant is achieved by pressurizing a proppant silo that is filled with proppant and injecting gaseous nitrogen into the proppant silo. The gaseous nitrogen is used to exhaust moisture from the proppant silo until the proppant is in a bone-dry condition. The moisture is exhausted from the proppant silo while maintaining a back pressure within the proppant silo. The bone-dry proppant can be mixed with a stimulation fluid and injected into a hydrocarbon bearing reservoir.

Abstract: Formulations and methods for stimulating the production from wells in nano-darcy shale formations. In one embodiment, the method includes injecting a treatment mixture containing a metal complexing agent into a nano-darcy shale formation adjacent to a well at a pressure below the fracture pressure of the formation. A sufficient contact time is allowed and then the treatment mixture is pumped from the subsurface. This has been shown to stimulate well production in shale formations. Without being held to a particular theory it appears that the metal complexing agent is binding with naturally occurring metals in the shale formation, and particularly divalent metal ions, which are then extracted with the spent fluid. This removal of naturally occurring metals may be increasing the permeability of the formation in the contact region adjacent to the well, thereby causing the observed increased production.

Abstract: A method of time delayed reduction in the molecular weight of polymers in a viscosified fluid and a method of time delayed breaking of viscosified fluids through treatment of the viscosified fluid with a viscosity breaking composition. The viscosity breaking composition is formed from a peroxygen compound, a peroxygen inhibiting agent and a peroxygen catalyzing agent, where the relative concentration of the components determines the duration of the a time interval require for breaking the viscosified fluid.

Abstract: A method of fracture fluid clean-up from a fracture by assisting Darcy flow with electro-osmotic effects is provided. Proppants having suitable surface potential, and fracture fluids having suitable electrical conductivity are employed. A suitable electric field is imposed, using electrodes placed on the surface or in adjacent wells. The current creates an electro-osmotic flow that carries fluid to the wellbore.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for freeze conditioning particulating materials. The invention includes the use of the combination of crude glycerin with flowback or produced water. This combination prevents unwanted agglomeration when frozen. This combination also is non-corrosive and best of all facilitates the safe clean recycling of what would otherwise be unwanted dangerous waste material.

Abstract: A process for producing a fluid containing oil and water from an oil-bearing formation and separating an oil phase and an aqueous phase from the produced fluid. An aqueous polymer mixture is formed by mixing polymer in water having a total dissolved solids content of from 200 ppm to 15,000 ppm. The aqueous polymer mixture is injected into an oil-bearing formation, and, after injecting the aqueous polymer mixture into the formation, a fluid is produced from the oil-bearing formation containing an oil phase and an aqueous polymer-containing phase. Brine is mixed with the produced fluid to enhance separation of the oil phase from the aqueous polymer phase.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a composition and method of fracturing a formation penetrated by a well-bore. The composition and method comprises providing a fracturing fluid that is liquefied carbon dioxide (LCO2) with at least one friction reducing polymer that is a polysiloxane dissolved in the LCO2 at a concentration of about 0.001 to 1.0 weight percent, and a first at least one co-solvent, and optionally a second at least one co-solvent that has a closed cup flash point greater than the first at least one co-solvent, in order to enable dissolution of the polymer in order to effect friction reduction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an acid-in-oil emulsion composition comprising an emulsifying agent; a dispersion agent; a base oil; and an acid, wherein the acid-in-oil emulsion composition is substantially devoid of priority pollutants. Disclosed herein too is a method for treating a hydrocarbon-bearing formation comprising blending an emulsifying agent, a base oil and an acid to produce an acid-in-oil emulsion, the acid-in-oil emulsion being substantially devoid of priority pollutants; and discharging the acid-in-oil emulsion into a downhole hydrocarbon-bearing well formation, where the acid-in-oil emulsion is operative to stimulate hydrocarbon production.

Abstract: Described is a slickwater fracturing fluid containing base water having up to 300,000 ppm total dissolved solids; a viscosifier; a scale inhibitor; and a surfactant composition. The surfactant composition contains at least one dibasic ester, at least one non-ionic surfactant, at least one terpene or terpene derivative and optionally at least one polyalkylene glycol.

Abstract: One of the challenges of modern hydrocarbon production is the efficient sealing of a lost circulation zone. It has been discovered that it is possible to efficiently seal the fractures of lost circulation zones by formulating a fracture sealing composition based on a width of the fracture. In particular, it has been found that when the spurt loss volume is less than or equal to the fracture volume capacity of the fracture, then the sealing fluid can be pumped into the wellbore to form a sealing relationship with the fracture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the enhanced recovery of oil from an underground formation, in which a viscoelastic aqueous fluid comprising at least one viscosifying zwitterionic surfactant is injected into the said formation and the said fluid is conducted through this formation in order to displace the oil from the formation and to recover it via a different point from that where the viscoelastic aqueous fluid was introduced, characterized in that the said fluid exhibits an amount of a base sufficient to bring its pH to a value of greater than 10, preferably of between approximately 11 and 13.

Abstract: Methods including providing a treatment fluid comprising a perfluorinated carboxylic acid; introducing the treatment fluid into a subterranean formation having a temperature of at least about 82° C. and having a siliceous material and/or carbonate material therein; and generating hydrofluoric acid from the perfluorinated carboxylic acid; and dissolving at least a portion of the siliceous material with the generated hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: A method of predictive modeling of a treatment fluid comprises: determining the value of properties of a base fluid and insoluble particulates; providing a proposed suspending agent; performing a first calculation of the suspendability of the proposed suspending agent as determined by a yield gravity function equation; evaluating if the result from the first calculation indicates a stable treatment fluid comprising the base fluid, the insoluble particulates, and the proposed suspending agent, or if the result does not indicate a stable treatment fluid, then: modifying the value of at least one of the properties of the proposed suspending agent, base fluid, and/or insoluble particulate; and performing a second calculation, wherein the same or different property values are continued to be modified and the calculation is continued to be performed until the result indicates a stable treatment fluid; and introducing the stable treatment fluid into a wellbore.

Abstract: Methods of treating a wellbore in a subterranean formation including providing an oil-external treatment fluid, wherein the oil-external treatment fluid is a 3D-network comprising a chemical interaction between a hydrocarbon fluid, an aqueous fluid, and a surface modification agent; providing proppant particulates; suspending the proppant particulates in the oil-external treatment fluid; and introducing the oil-external treatment fluid comprising the proppant particulates into the wellbore in the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A polyamide-poly(phenylene ether) composition includes, based on the total weight of the composition, 35 to 80 weight percent of polyamide, and 20 to 65 weight percent of a poly(phenylene ether). The polyamide-poly(phenylene ether) composition is utilized in a variety of methods, including methods applicable to the oil and gas industry.

Abstract: Methods including providing at least one target interval in a wellbore, wherein the at least one target interval has a temperature of at least about 70° F. to at least about 290° F.; providing a pad fluid; providing a treatment fluid comprising proppant particulates coated with a one-step furan resin composition, wherein the one-step furan resin composition comprises a furan polymer, a hydrolyzable ester, a silane coupling agent, a surfactant, and a solvent; introducing the pad fluid into the wellbore at a rate and pressure sufficient to create or enhance at least one fracture within the target interval; introducing the treatment fluid into the wellbore so as to deposit the proppant particulates coated with the one-step furan resin composition into the at least one fracture; and setting the one-step furan resin composition so as to form at least a partially consolidated permeable proppant pack in the at least one fracture.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of treating a portion of a subterranean formation comprising the use of an aqueous fracturing fluid containing a fast dissolving and easily dispersible unpunfied polygalactomannan ether.

Abstract: A method for treating a subterranean formation, including estimating the solubility parameter of a monomer; selecting a solvent based on the parameter; forming a fluid comprising the monomer and solvent; and introducing the fluid to the formation, wherein the formation is about 350° F. or warmer. A method for treating a subterranean formation, including forming a fluid comprising the monomer and solvent, wherein the monomer comprises poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and/or poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, and wherein the solvent comprises zinc bromide or calcium bromide or both; and introducing the fluid to the formation, wherein the formation is about 350° F. or warmer.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating a subterranean formation including forming a fluid comprising chelant and polylactide resin fiber; and introducing the fluid to a subterranean formation, wherein the temperature of the formation is about 300° F. or warmer. Compositions and methods for treating a subterranean formation including forming a fluid comprising viscoelastic surfactant, trisodium hydroxyethylethylenediamine-triacetate and polylactide resin fiber; and introducing the fluid to a subterranean formation, wherein the temperature of the formation is about 300° F. or warmer.

Abstract: The disclosed compositions and methods provide a system that is effective for hydraulic fracturing, which can be used to extract natural gas and oil from subterranean formations, such as deep shale and coal bed type rack formations. In a first aspect, the invention features a composition for hydraulic fracturing, which includes a low pH product, a surfactant, and a thickening agent, all in an aqueous composition. The composition includes i) from about 0.01 wt % to about 20.0 wt % of a low pH product that includes an ammonium salt (e.g., ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, or ammonium hydroxide) and hydrogen chloride (and optionally a carborane).