Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for producing a frictional and/or form-fitting connection between first and second components which are linearly or rotationally movable relative to one another for transmitting forces and/or force moments that act between the first and second components in a linear and/or rotational manner. The first component surrounds the second component, at least sectionally, with at least one inner wall that faces the second component. The second component features at least one active-face element that can be transferred in a force-loaded manner from a first position, in which the active-face element is spaced apart from the inner wall, into a second position, in which the active-face element produces the frictional and/or form-fitting connection with the inner wall.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus is provided with a first rotational member, a second rotational member, a clutch device for coupling a power transmission between the first rotational member and the second rotational member, and a ring shape actuator of the clutch device. A rotational axis of one of the first rotational member and the second rotational member penetrates through a radially internal space of the ring shape actuator.

Abstract: A bi-directional overrunning clutch differential for controlling torque transmission between a pinion input shaft and at least one output hub. The clutch having a clutch housing and the roll cage mounted within the housing. An engagement control assembly is provided for controlling the relative position of the roll cage with respect to a cam surface on the clutch housing. The engagement control assembly includes an electronically controlled actuation device, such as a coil or solenoid, which when activated causes the roll cage to rotate into a second position relative to the clutch housing to engage the rolls with the cam surface and an outer surface of the hub. A spring is engaged with the clutch housing and has an end engaged with the roll cage for biasing the roll cage into a neutral position when the roll cage is in its second position.

Abstract: A transmission configuration for a vehicle with at least a wet clutch (7) functioning as starting element. A coolant and a lubricant supply is provided via at least a pump device (5) which can be driven by a drive motor (1) of the vehicle. The pump device (5) can be driven in such a way that the conveyed flow volume of the pump device (5) is proportional to the rotational speed difference between the rotational speed of the drive motor (1) and the rotational speed of the clutch (7) which is designed and functions as the starting element.

Abstract: A drive mechanism for transmitting a drive force to drive a processing apparatus which carries out a prescribed process. The drive mechanism includes an output portion, an electromagnetic clutch and a case. An output portion for outputting the drive force, an electromagnetic clutch for controlling transmission of the drive force to the output portion, and a case including a first storage section which defines a first storage room to store the output portion, and a second storage section which defines a second storage room to store the electromagnetic clutch. Additionally, the second storage section includes a peripheral wall which surround the electromagnetic clutch, and a supporting wall which supports the electromagnetic clutch. The peripheral wall includes an upper wall above the electromagnetic clutch and a lower wall below the electromagnetic clutch. An opening section is formed in the upper wall.

Abstract: Device for mounting a forced-air burner 2 to a combustion chamber housing 4, having an attaching section to attach the device to a combustion chamber housing 4 demarcating a combustion chamber or to a unit 5 located on a combustion chamber housing 4 and a seating section to absorb forces and/or moments caused by a forced-air burner 2 located on the device.

Abstract: One embodiment includes a coupling device system for use in a motor vehicle is provided including a coupling device and a memory chip. The coupling device has an input member, an output member, and at least one modulating clutch assembly selectively coupling the input member to the output member. The modulating clutch assembly includes an electrical clutch operator and clutch plates. The clutch plates include at least one first clutch plate coupled to the input member and at least one second clutch plate coupled to the output member. The second clutch plate is disposed adjacent the first clutch plate. The memory chip is integrated with the coupling device and is configured to store data related to a measured characteristic of the coupling device. The memory chip is also configured to communicate with a vehicle controller. A method of providing a calibration curve of the coupling device to the vehicle controller is also disclosed.

Abstract: To detect opening/closing of a neutral detection hydraulic switch by a detection apparatus and detect breakage of a wiring line connected between the detection apparatus and the switch. Since a second contact and an ECU are connected to each other by two wiring lines, even if one of the wiring lines is broken, opening/closing of the neutral detection hydraulic switch can be detected through the remaining one of the wiring lines. Since different voltages are applied to the wiring lines through resistance type voltage dividing circuits, the occurrence of the wire breakage can be detected making use of the fact that the voltage detected by the ECU upon opening of the neutral detection hydraulic switch when one of the wiring lines is broken is different from the voltage when none of the wiring lines is broken.

Abstract: A clutch unit (47) comprises a wet friction clutch for controllable transmission of a torque from an input element (41) to an output element (45), housing that contains the friction clutch and oil for cooling the friction clutch, and an actuator (51) for actuating the friction clutch. The actuator is attached to the housing in a thermally conductive way and has a temperature sensor (108) for sensing a temperature of the actuator. In order to computationally determine the oil temperature (TÖI) in the clutch unit (47), a thermal input power to the clutch unit is determined as a function of at least a speed of the input element and/or of the output element. The difference between the thermal input power and the thermal output power is determined, and the oil temperature is determined as a function of the difference that was determined.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of operating a drive train of a motor vehicle having a motor which can be selectively coupled to the drive train by means of a clutch actuable by an actuator. The clutch has a first clutch part associated with a drive shaft of the motor and a second clutch part associated with the drive train.

Abstract: An adaptive soft start system for mower blade clutch engagement includes an engine speed sensor providing engine speed inputs to a microcontroller that provides electrical power to an electromagnetic clutch for engaging an engine to at least one mower blade. The microcontroller repeatedly computes the rate of change of engine speed during mower blade clutch engagement and modulates the electrical power to the electromagnetic clutch each time the rate of change of engine speed is outside minimum or maximum thresholds.

Abstract: A magnetic gear arrangement is provided comprising a first gear member for generating a first magnetic field and a second gear member for generating a second magnetic field. A coupling element is disposed between the first and second gear members and provides arrangements of interpoles which couple the first and second magnetic fields. The coupling element comprises a plurality of magnetisable lamellae, each interpole in an arrangement of interpoles being formed from a group of neighbouring lamellae. Selected lamellae are deactivatable to provide boundaries between adjacent interpoles. This allows different numbers and arrangements of interpoles to be formed, so as to provide different gear ratios between the first and second gear members.

Abstract: A field coil assembly for an electromagnetic clutch, which includes an electromagnetic coil body formed by winding an electromagnetic coil; a bobbin for supporting the electromagnetic coil body; a field core for receiving the bobbin and the electromagnetic coil body; a holder mounted to the electromagnetic coil body; and a thermal fuse installed to the holder to be connected to the electromagnetic coil body, wherein the holder having the thermal fuse installed thereto is provided with an elastic member for elastically supporting the thermal fuse upwards. Thus, the height of the thermal fuse installed to the holder can be adjusted.

Abstract: A field coil assembly of an electromagnetic clutch for a compressor and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein the field coil assembly includes a coil installed in a core and made by winding a wire W and a connector coupled thereto. The connector is provided with a terminal which is electrically connected to one end of the wire W. A protective coating is formed at a connecting portion between the terminal and the end of the wire W to prevent the connecting portion of the wire W and the terminal from being exposed to the outside. Accordingly, the connecting portion between the terminal and the coil is not exposed to moisture or air, thereby preventing electric short circuit from occurring by galvanic corrosion between the terminal and the coil.

Abstract: A coupler for attaching a lower segment of a viscometer bob shaft to an upper segment of a viscometer bob shaft includes an upper assembly connected to the upper segment, a lower assembly connected to the lower segment, a magnetic coupler, and a rotation connection.

Abstract: The present invention is an electrically actuated clutch operator for the clutch of a rotational motor. The invention can be used to operate a variety of clutch types for both AC and DC motors. The present invention comprises a mounting plate, a generally T-shaped adapter arm that attaches to the operating shaft of the clutch, two electrical linear actuators, two corresponding eight-terminal relays and a programmable relay that controls activation of the actuators. To engage the clutch, one actuator's ram thrusts into the adapter arm, moving the operating shaft to an activated position. To disengage the clutch the other actuator's ram thrusts into a different section of the adapter arm, moving the operating shaft to an inactivate position. The preferred embodiment is designed for an over-center, in-and-out power take-off clutch.

Abstract: Brushes (20, 21) which come into slidable contact with slip rings (23, 24) having power feeding terminals (51, 53) electrically connected to a power feeding side include extending portions (32, 36) extending in the radial direction of a field core (3). These extending portions (32, 36) are bent in a direction away from a coil bobbin (12). The third bent portions (32c, 36c) located at the ends of the extending portions are electrically connected to the terminal portions (10d) of coil terminals. An outer diameter R1 of a mounting recess portion (3a) which stores a power feeding device (5) of the field core (3) is smaller than an inner diameter R2 of the coil bobbin (12). This makes it possible to position the mounting recess portion (3a) at a distance H from the coil bobbin (12) in the field core (3) in the arrow A direction, thereby reducing the size of the rotating coil type electromagnetic clutch (1) in the arrow A-B direction.

Abstract: An actuator system for a clutch includes, but is not limited to a threaded hollow cylinder connected to the clutch bell in a rotationally fixed manner, which on its outside and on its inside comprises a thread and furthermore a first hollow cylinder for actuating a first release bearing, wherein the first hollow cylinder comprises an internal thread which is in engagement with the external thread of the threaded hollow cylinder and a second hollow cylinder for actuating a second release bearing. The second hollow cylinder comprises an external thread which is in engagement with the internal thread of the threaded hollow cylinder Furthermore, the actuator system comprises at least one electric motor by means of which the first hollow cylinder and the second hollow cylinder via a transmission each can be displaced along their longitudinal axis on the threaded hollow cylinder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a clutch (8), in particular starter clutch, for coupling an internal combustion engine (2) in a torque-transmitting fashion and decoupling an internal combustion engine (2), said internal combustion engine (2) having a partial drive train (3) which comprises an electric machine (4), wherein the clutch (8) has adjustment means (12) comprising at least one adjustable element (15), with which adjustment means (12) coupling means (13) can be opened counter to a closing force which is generated by closing means (14).

Abstract: An electromagnetic coupling device includes a field core, a surge voltage absorbing member, and a storage member. The field core is provided inside an exciting coil. The surge voltage absorbing member is connected to the exciting coil. The storage member is made of an insulating material and includes a recess portion to store the surge voltage absorbing member. A through hole is formed in an outer wall of the field core. The storage member is inserted into the through hole with an opening of the recess portion facing the exciting coil. The surge voltage absorbing member is inserted in the recess portion so as to be positioned outside the field core by the exciting coil.

Abstract: An electromagnetic clutch includes a worm wheel driven by a drive motor, an armature rotated in operative association with the worm wheel, a rotor rotatable about a same axis as the armature, an electromagnetic coil configured to cause the rotor to generate a magnetic force for causing the rotor and the armature to be moved and pulled into contact with each other along the rotational axis by the magnetic force, and an elastic member interposed between the rotor and the armature, one side of the elastic member being fixed to one of the rotor and the armature, the other side of the elastic member being in slidable contact with the other of the rotor and the armature, the elastic member urging the rotor and the armature in directions away from each other.

Abstract: An electrical interlock system for including a power takeoff device operable in a first state to transfer mechanical energy from an associated combustible engine to an associated electric motor and/or generator and operative in a second state to prevent the transfer of mechanical energy from the associated combustible engine to the associated electric motor and/or generator. A relay having a first switch and an energizable portion, is coupled to the power takeoff device, the electric motor and an associated power source, such that when the energizable portion is receiving electrical power from the associated power source, the power takeoff device is in the first state and when the energizable portion is not receiving electrical power from the associated power source, the power takeoff device is in the second state.

Abstract: The invention discloses an electromagnetic friction clutch for driving a fan impeller in the engine compartment of a vehicle, for example, the clutch comprising a disk rotor consisting of a plane flat part, a further clutch element which is supported so that it is freely rotatable and which can be driven by the rotor through controllable friction contact, and elements for transmitting a rotational movement according to the principle of an eddy current drive. An eddy current ring is fitted to the outer edge area of the disk rotor, thereby allowing a compact and cost-effectively simple construction of the clutch.

Abstract: An ECU controls a starter relay. Output angle detector detects a rotational angle of an output shaft in a rotary actuator. The ECU stores a first rotational angle which is detected by the output angle detector when a starting switch is OFF. When the starting switch is ON and when the difference between a second rotational angle detected at that time by the output angle detector and the first rotational angle already stored is not within a certain value, the ECU inhibits the operation of the starter relay to inhibit engine start.

Abstract: A magnetic de-rotation system includes an inner ring which supports an eddy current ring and at least one inner ring magnet and an outer ring which supports at least one outer ring magnet, attraction between the at least one inner ring magnet and the at least one outer ring magnet produces a stable rotational position for a fairing.

Abstract: A power transmission device has a first shaft adapted to be driven by a power source. A second shaft is adapted to transmit torque to a driveline. A transfer unit is selectively operable to transmit torque between the first and second shafts. The transfer unit includes a first sprocket that is rotatably supported on one of the first and second shafts, a second sprocket that is fixed for rotation with the other of the first and second shafts, and a flexible member that drivingly interconnects the first and second sprocket. A clutch is selectively operable to drivingly interconnect the first sprocket and one of the first and second shafts such that drive torque is transferable from the first shaft to the second shaft. The clutch is controlled by a clutch actuation system having an actuator that is at least partially positioned within a volume defined by the flexible member.

Abstract: A generator coupling assembly includes an output housing, an output member rotationally supported by the output housing, a generator powered by the output member, and a clutch adapter. The generator includes a generator stator, a generator rotor rotatably supported within the generator stator, a shaft coupled to the generator rotor, and a clutch member arranged on the shaft. The clutch adapter is coupled to and radially retained by the output member, and includes a clutching structure configured for selective engagement with the clutch member to engage the clutch member and the clutch adapter for co-rotation.

Abstract: An electric braking or clutching device includes a housing; an armature having an axis and disposed at the housing, the armature and the housing defining a radial air gap therebetween; and a coil configured to generate, when energized, a magnetic field at the housing and armature, a flux path of the field extending from the coil into the housing, from the housing into the armature, from the armature into the housing, and from the housing back to the coil, with the direction of the flux path from the armature into the housing being substantially radial in orientation.

Abstract: An open-rotor gas turbine engine comprising a starter/generator, a first spool and a second spool, the second spool is of a lower pressure than the first spool; wherein the starter/generator is connected to the first and second spools via first and second clutches respectively. The method of operating the open-rotor engine comprises the step of supplying power to the starter/generator to drive the first spool via the first clutch to start the engine and, once the engine is self-propelling, a step of driving the starter/generator from the second spool via the second clutch to generate electricity.

Abstract: A clutch actuation device, particularly for a manual transmission of a vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle, includes a clutch actuation setting device that can be placed in various settings, based on which a corresponding actuation of the clutch takes place. The clutch actuation setting device is suitable for generating electrical signals as a function of the setting, based on which the clutch is correspondingly actuated. A method controls/regulates such a clutch actuation device, particularly for a manual transmission of a vehicle.

Abstract: A transmission includes a transmission case, an oil pan that is defined in a lower portion within the transmission case and stores a lubricating medium capable at least of lubricating components of the transmission, movable engagement members capable of engaging with two elements that respectively correspond thereto, and electromagnetic actuators that respectively move a corresponding one of the movable engagement members to allow a connection between the two elements and a release of the connection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field coil assembly of an electromagnetic clutch for a compressor, more particularly, a field coil assembly of an electromagnetic clutch for a compressor, in which a terminal electrically connected with a field coil portion, and an electric wire are assembled to each other by means of upper and lower holders, and then finally engaged with together by means of an insert molding, thereby simplifying a manufacturing process to reduce manufacturing expense, removing a need for a separate member for protecting an electric wire, and easily adjusting the length of the electric wire.

Abstract: An electromagnetically operated clutch, in particular a friction clutch, for switching on and off units, such as a water pump, in a vehicle, having a predefined electrical system voltage, the clutch including an electromagnet with at least one coil, a rotor, an armature plate, which is attracted to the rotor by the forces of the electromagnet in order to engage the clutch, and control means. The control means, which, in respect of a continuous operating state, are designed for an operating voltage level, which is less than the available electrical system voltage of the vehicle, the control means being suited to switching the electromagnet with a voltage level for engagement of the friction clutch that is greater than operating voltage level and, by timing the supply voltage, to reducing it to the design operating voltage level for an operating phase when the clutch is continuously engaged.

Abstract: An outboard motor includes an engine, an engine cover, a partitioning member, an intake device, and a fan. The engine is arranged to support a crankshaft extending along an up-down direction. The partitioning member is arranged to partition the inside of the engine cover into a lower chamber accommodating the engine and an upper chamber. In the partitioning member, a communication hole which is arranged to cause the upper chamber to communicate with the lower chamber is provided. Also, the engine cover has an air inlet arranged to cause the upper chamber to communicate with the atmosphere, and an air outlet arranged to cause the lower chamber to communicate with the atmosphere. The air inlet is arranged in an upper portion of the engine cover. The air outlet is arranged at a lower end portion of the engine cover. The intake device is connected to the engine. The intake device has an air suction port arranged to communicate with the upper chamber. The fan is arranged inside the engine cover.

Abstract: Process for reducing clutch-grabbing oscillations in a motor vehicle drive train having a drive motor, clutch and another drive train, in which process the moment transmitted by the clutch for the control of an actuator that operates an operating member of the clutch when oscillations occur is changed such that oscillations are diminished, where an electric voltage driving the actuator is modulated according to the formula: UM=UMSt*w+UMR*(1?w), whereby, w is a weighting factor which assumes a value between 0 and 1, UMst is a modulation voltage controlled in a defined manner by an actuator model and a required travel modulation and, UMR is a modulation voltage regulated by a control device, which voltage is a magnitude that characterizes an operating state of the clutch on the basis of deviation between a required value and the actual value.

Abstract: A rotation transmission device includes a roller clutch unit for selectively engaging an inner member mounted on a rotary shaft with an outer ring through rollers, and an electromagnetic clutch unit for electromagnetically controlling the selective engagement by the rollers. The current until the clutch engages is set so as to correspond to a state in which a maximum current according to the revolving speed is required and is varied according to the revolving speed of the rotary shaft to reduce power consumption and the size of the electromagnetic coil.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for producing a frictional and/or form-fitting connection between first and second components which are linearly or rotationally movable relative to one another for transmitting forces and/or force moments that act between the first and second components in a linear and/or rotational manner. The first component surrounds the second component at least sectionally with at least one inner wall that faces the second component, and wherein the second component features at least one active-face element that can be transferred in a force-loaded manner from a first position, in which the active-face element is spaced apart from the inner wall, into a second position, in which the active-face element produces the frictional and/or form-fitting connection with the inner wall.

Abstract: A transfer case includes a two-speed range unit, a friction clutch, an actuation mechanism and a control system. The actuation mechanism includes an electric motor, a geartrain driven by the motor, a range actuator assembly and a mode actuator assembly. The range actuator assembly includes a driveshaft driven by the geartrain, a cam driven by the driveshaft and a shift fork having a follower retained in a groove formed in the cam and a fork engaging a shift collar associated with the range unit. The mode actuator assembly has a face cam with spiral cam surfaces and a control gear with radially-moveable rollers engaging the cam surfaces. The control gear is rotatively driven by the geartrain. The face cam is axially moveable for controlling engagement of the friction clutch. An anti-rotation mechanism limits rotation of the face cam in response to continued rotation of the control gear.

Abstract: A stall detection system for mower blade clutch engagement determines if there is a stall condition by sensing one or more operating conditions such as engine deceleration or blade spindle rotation. If a stall condition is detected, a microcontroller shuts off actuating current to the electric clutch coil and automatically disengages or discontinues engagement of the clutch. The microcontroller may also provide a signal to inform the operator of the stall condition, and prevent repeated activation of the clutch until the stall condition is corrected.

Abstract: The present invention discloses that the driving coil of lower impedance having a driving tap and a common connection being electrically actuated to obtain larger actuating force is further operatively controlled by the switching device to be switched to have relatively higher impedance thus allowing smaller current to pass thereby holding electrification or excitation while required operating characteristics of the electromagnetic actuating device can still be satisfied.

Abstract: A magnetic-path member includes first and second magnetic portions positioned on inner and outer peripheral sides of the magnetic-path member respectively. The magnetic-path member includes a non-magnetic portion interposed between the first and second magnetic portions and coupling the first and second magnetic portions by heat sintering. Magnetic lines of force occurring from an electromagnet pass through the magnetic-path member.

Abstract: A door operating apparatus includes a motor bracket that covers a driving shaft of a driving motor; an output shaft that is disposed from the motor bracket toward the supporting bracket so as to be orthogonal to an extending direction of the driving shaft; a first rotational element that is linked with the driving shaft, and disposed on the output shaft; a second rotational element that is linked with a door operating mechanism, and disposed between the first rotational element and the supporting bracket on the output shaft; and a clutch unit including a clutch driving section that supports a rotation of the output shaft. When the first rotational element and the second rotational element are engaged by driving of the clutch driving section, the door operating mechanism is actuated by the driving force.

Abstract: A dual-drive transmission, comprising a front shaft, a back shaft, a rear axle housing having a pair of half shafts, a central propeller shaft, a hub, and an electromagnetic splined clutch; a forestage gear is disposed on the central propeller shaft, a drive gear engaged with the forestage gear is disposed on the front shaft, a pair of one-way transmission gears is disposed one on each end of the central propeller shaft, a final drive gear is disposed on the hub, a driven gear engaged with the forestage gear is disposed on one end of the back shaft, and the electromagnetic splined clutch is axially connected to the back shaft.

Abstract: An electromagnetic clutch comprises a rotor rotatable with respect to the center of rotation, an armature facing the rotor with a clearance, a device for generating a magnetic attracting force between the rotor and the armature, a rotating member transmitting a driving force from the armature, and a plate spring for mounting the armature on the rotating member. The plate spring extends in a direction opposite to the center of rotation and has a first end separated from the center of rotation. The first end or a portion in the vicinity of the first end contacts an armature surface facing the rotor, and the plate spring is fixed to the rotating member at a portion other than the portion contacting the armature surface. The armature is supported such that the armature is urged to be separated in a direction opposite to the rotor by an elasticity of the plate spring.

Abstract: A power transmitting device includes a front housing member, an inner shaft, and a main clutch that selectively permits and shuts off transmission of torque between the front housing member and the inner shaft. The power transmitting device is rotatably supported by a bearing arranged outside the front housing member. An intermediate member having a thermal expansion coefficient lower than the thermal expansion coefficient of the front housing member is arranged between the front housing member and the bearing.

Abstract: Electromagnetic actuators, components of electromagnetic actuators, clutches that use electromagnetic actuators, and methods associated therewith for improved electromagnetic actuator operation and manufacturing methods. Embodiments of an electromagnetic actuator of the present disclosure includes a configuration of a housing and a flux washer relative a shaft helps to reduce the travel path for magnetic flux generated by an electrical coil contained therein. This more direct flux path, in turn, provides for a shorter loop for the magnetic flux, which helps to generate a greater relative magnetic force (e.g., a stronger clutch actuation force) as compared to other configurations.

Abstract: A clutch actuator for an electromechanical clutch having a solenoid actuating coil initially provides power to the solenoid at a high rate by using a high duty cycle pulse with a modulated controller. When the initial engagement of the clutch elements is sensed by a decrease in current, the duty cycle of the pulse with modulator is reduced and thereafter increased in a control fashion to accomplish a soft start.

Abstract: Systems, methods and devices for the control of fans are presented. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to a fan clutch control unit for a vehicle fan. The fan clutch control unit executes a control loop section and a strategy section to provide control functionality. The fan clutch control unit may be provided as a pre-packaged control board or integrated into a fan clutch.

Abstract: In a method for setting the clutch torque of a clutch, especially a clutch disposed in a drive train of a motor vehicle, the clutch is adjusted using a clutch actuator. This clutch actuator has at least two actuator parts that may be positioned relative to each other at raster values of a position raster. A position setpoint corresponding to a clutch torque and disposed between the raster values of the position raster is calculated, and the actuator parts are positioned relative to each other at a raster value of the position raster that is adjacent to the position setpoint. In addition to the first position raster value, a second position raster value is calculated in such a manner that the position setpoint is disposed between the first position raster value and the second position raster value.

Abstract: A system for transferring torque between a pair of independently, concurrently rotating shafts of a turbofan engine includes a magnetic gearbox. The magnetic gearbox has a first ring structure, a second ring structure and an intermediate ring structure. Each ring structure has an annular aperture therethrough and a plurality of permanent magnets embedded therein. The intermediate ring structure is disposed between the first and the second ring structures. Each ring structure is coaxially concentric with, and independently rotatable with respect to the remaining ring structures. The first and second ring structures are each coupled to separate ones of the rotating engine shafts, and the intermediate ring is operable to transfer torque between the pair of shafts. Preferably, the intermediate ring structure is coupled to a rotating machine. The rotating machine has a controller, and is operable for adjusting a ratio of torque transferred between the pair of shafts.