Abstract: A distillation apparatus includes a column body; a partition for dividing the interior of the column body; a first distillation section composed of an enriching section and an exhaust section; a second distillation section composed of an enriching section formed above an upper end of the first distillation section, and an exhaust section located adjacent to the enriching section of the first distillation section; a third distillation section composed of an enriching section located adjacent to the exhaust section of the first distillation section, and an exhaust section formed below a lower end of the first distillation section; a condenser; a negative pressure generation system for generating a negative pressure to thereby withdraw vent gas; a gas cooler for cooling the vent gas; a first discharge system disposed at the side of the column body and adapted to discharge liquid rich in a medium-boiling-point component formed from a high-melting-point material; and a second discharge system disposed at the botto

Abstract: A plant for the vacuum distillation of liquids has a vacuum rectification column and a vacuum-producing device based on a liquid-gas jet apparatus. The plant is furnished additionally with a jet pump. A nozzle of the jet pump is connected to a pipeline for bleeding a liquid fraction from the column, an evacuated medium inlet of the jet pump is connected to an outlet of the liquid-gas jet apparatus and an outlet of the jet pump is connected to a separator of the vacuum-producing device. The plant provides more effective vacuum distillation of liquids.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the field of oil refining and the petrochemical industry. The proposed plant for the distillation of a liquid has a vacuum rectification column with pipes for feed of a stock product and for bleeding of a gas-vapor phase and at least one liquid fraction; and a vacuum-producing device composed of a liquid-gas jet apparatus, a separator, a pump and a condenser. The gas intake of the liquid-gas jet apparatus is connected to the pipeline for bleeding of a gas-vapor phase, the liquid intake of the jet apparatus is connected to the discharge side of the pump and the outlet of the jet apparatus is connected to the condenser's intake. The intake of the separator is connected to the condenser's outlet, the liquid outlet of the separator is connected to the suction side of the pump and the gas outlet of the separator is connected to consumers of compressed gas.

Abstract: The invention essentially relates to a method for vacuum distillation of liquids that includes feeding a polar liquid into a vacuum-producing liquid-gas jet apparatus as a motive liquid if evacuation of a nonpolar gas-vapor medium is to be effected. Further, the method includes condensing the nonpolar gas-vapor medium, forming a gas-liquid mixture, disengaging a gaseous phase from the mixture, forming a liquid emulsion containing the polar liquid and a nonpolar condensate, separating the emulsion into continuous layers, withdrawing the nonpolar condensate and recycling the polar liquid by pumping it back into the liquid-gas jet apparatus. A nonpolar liquid is to be used as the motive liquid of the liquid-gas jet apparatus if evacuation of a polar gas-vapor medium is required. There is another variant of the method applicable when an evacuated gas-vapor medium contains both polar and nonpolar components.

Abstract: A distillation device including an enclosed tube of elliptical or circular cross section and having a top of an inverted shape so that the inverted portion points downward. The upper section of the outer tube should be of a material that permits the heating of the tube by solar radiation and allows solar radiation to enter the tube and heat the liquid inside. The lower portion could include materials that reflect radiation upward toward the liquid and may include absorptive materials. The apparatus includes a device for forming a vacuum and an element for focusing sunlight that enters the top of the tube upon the liquid inside the tube.

Abstract: A large and economical type of multi-stack vertical tube evaporator (MS-VTE) is disclosed having units of multiple stacks of vertical tube bundles or stages mounted in a single vessel, and having its liquid feed pumped to the uppermost VTE bundle stack or stage and having the feed then cascading downward through the lower bundle stacks in series flow, and wherein all the tube bundles are heated with the same waste steam of no or low $-value, e.g. with turbine reject steam in parallel flow under vacuum into the steam-sides of all tube bundles in the unit through a common steam conduit; and wherein the feed liquid is progressively evaporated from stage to stage or stack to stack and the vapors produced in the tubes of each bundle during the partial evaporation of the feed are separated between the stacks and condensed by parallel flow into one or more condensers.

Abstract: A vacuum type distilling system includes a sealed container including a vaporization chamber for containing a liquid and a condensation chamber, a pressure-reducing device, a condensing device, a heating device, and a vapor-collecting device including a floating piston for separating liquid and vapor and a guide tube for guiding vapor generated in the vaporization chamber into the condensation chamber. Liquid to be distilled is filled into the vaporization chamber and the pressure of the sealed container is reduced such that the boiling point of the liquid in the vaporization chamber is lowered. The heating device heats and thus vaporizes the liquid in the vaporization chamber into vapor which is immediately conveyed into the condensation chamber where vapor is condensed into distilled liquid by a condensing tube of the condensing device that is mounted in the condensation chamber.

Abstract: A compact distilled water system for home, marine, and laboratory use which includes a closed circuit that provides high pressure water for dispensing water to remote locations and that also creates, in conjunction with an eductor, a partial vacuum in the evaporator tank to permit boiling and steam generation therein below atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the field of the petrochemical industry. The invention essentially relates to a system and method that includes feeding of a liquid having molecular weight more than 100 (in atomic mass units) into a nozzle of an ejector as a motive liquid, and delivery of a mixed medium from the ejector into a shaped reservoir, where flow velocity is reduced and static pressure is boosted. The outlet of the ejector is connected to the inlet of the shaped reservoir, the inlet of a separator is connected to the outlet of the shaped reservoir. The introduced method and the system for its embodiment ensure a more efficient operation.

Abstract: A system and method for purifying liquefied corrosive gases of metallic impurities is described. The principle for this purification method relies on vapor-phase transfilling the vapor phase from a source container into a receiving container. This method has been observed to decrease metal concentrations by a factor of at least 1000 and decreases the metallic impurity levels in the resulting condensate. The vapor transfer is accomplished by controlled differential pressure rather than mechanical pumping, thereby generating no particle or metal impurities.

Abstract: The invention essentially relates to a method for vacuum distillation of liquids that includes feeding a polar liquid into a vacuum-producing liquid-gas jet apparatus as a motive liquid if evacuation of a nonpolar gas-vapor medium is to be effected. Further, the method includes condensing the nonpolar gas-vapor medium, forming a gas-liquid mixture, disengaging a gaseous phase from the mixture, forming a liquid emulsion containing the polar liquid and a nonpolar condensate, separating the emulsion into continuous layers, withdrawing the nonpolar condensate and recycling the polar liquid by pumping it back into the liquid-gas jet apparatus. A nonpolar liquid is to be used as the motive liquid of the liquid-gas jet apparatus if evacuation of a polar gas-vapor medium is required. There is another variant of the method applicable when an evacuated gas-vapor medium contains both polar and nonpolar components.

Abstract: The system for the recovery of water from urine aboard spacecraft includes a urine intake and pretreatment unit, a unit for water reclamation from urine and a condensate purification unit. The unit for water reclamation from urine is made on the basis of a rotary multistage vacuum distiller, each stage of which is formed by at least one heat-transfer plate and comprises an evaporation zone and a condensation zone. The stages of the distiller are separated from each other by separation plates, a chamber for collecting condensate and noncondensable gases being disposed downstream of the last stage and communicated with all the condensation zones of all the stages through water seals of condensate overflow and openings for the removal of noncondensable gases in disks mounted in the condensation zones.

Abstract: A system for dehydrating lubricating and hydraulic fluids includes a heating circuit and circuitry for creating a vacuum. The heating circuitry introduces a stream of heated fluid into a vacuum chamber in which a partial vacuum is drawn by the vacuum circuit. Aqueous components of the fluid stream are flashed in the vacuum chamber by virtue of the elevated temperature and reduced pressure. Dehydrated fluid is then collected and evacuated from the vacuum chamber. Vapor from the vacuum chamber, including the aqueous components of the fluid stream are collected, condensed and separately evacuated. The heating circuit limits surface temperature of a heating element in a closed-loop manner to avoid degradation of the fluid. The fluid stream is introduced into the vacuum chamber or is recirculated through the heating circuit to maintain a desired level of fluid temperature in a closed-loop manner.

Abstract: Wastewater treatment apparatus having a fluid receiving vessel for collecting and heating wastewater to a temperature below boiling, a superheated vaporizing chamber and at least one spray head to spray wastewater into the vaporizing chamber for conversion of the wastewater to vapor to be withdrawn from the apparatus, with the contaminants in the wastewater collected in the apparatus for separate removal.

Abstract: A facility for the desalination and purification of sea water or brackish water by solar energy provided with a closed cycle including a thermal solar collector and a heat exchanger in which a heat transfer medium is circulating, and a basin for receiving the sea water or brackish water with the heat exchanger being placed in the basin for heating and evaporating water. A cooling surface is disposed above the basing for condensing the evaporated water which is then diverted to water collectors. The solar collector is located above the cooling surface so as to keep it in the shade.

Abstract: A vacuum vessel for continuous or semicontinuous treatment of fatty oils in connection with deodorization includes spaces through which the oil which is to be treated is brought to pass. The vessel also contains U-tubes used to heat or cool the oil and perforated pipes arranged at the bottom of the vessel. Through these pipes stripping gas is led into the oil. The vacuum vessel is connected to a vacuum source. According to the invention the vessel has the form of a container with a mainly rectangular bottom with partitions parallel to a long side of the container. These partitions delimit channels connected in series through which the oil passes. The bottom of a first channel as seen in the direction of flow is arranged on a higher level than the second channel seen in the direction of flow such that the oil is forced to pass through the vessel by gravity. The vacuum vessel has a low height in relation to the length of its sides.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recycling and recovering potentially explosive solvents includes providing a contaminated solvent to a distillation tank, vaporizing the solvent in the distillation tank, thereby producing solvent vapor, condensing the solvent vapor, and adding a free radical scavenger substance to the distillation tank during the heating step. The vapor is then condensed and collected in a clean solvent tank where additional free radical scavenger substance is added to the clean solvent tank. Preferably, contaminated solvent is introduced into the solvent recovery system by providing contaminated solvent into contaminated solvent tank which is connected to the distillation tank, and an oxygen displacer substance is provided to the contaminated solvent tank and the clean solvent tank so as to minimize the amount of free oxygen in the tanks.

Abstract: A vacuum-creating apparatus of the unit is provided with a pump and a separator, wherein the pump is connected at its inlet to the separator, a jet device is made as a liquid-gas device and is connected at its outlet, by means of a pressure main, to the separator and at its liquid input to an output of the pump, wherein the longitudinal axis of the jet device is positioned vertically, the permissible deviation from the vertical axis being .+-.15.degree., an outlet cross section of a liquid supply nozzle of the jet device is positioned at a height of from 5 m to 35 m above an inlet to the separator and an outlet section of the pressure main is positioned below the level of the liquid in the separator to form a hydraulic seal.

Abstract: A process and a device for treating a liquid by separating out constituents contained in the liquid. Pollutants are removed or the liquid is sterilized by partial evaporization. The liquid is introduced into a vacuum tank in which a portion thereof is evaporated. The remaining liquid phase is discharged from the vacuum tank. The liquid in the vacuum tank flows under the effect of gravity on a fixed inclined or horizontal surface on which it forms a liquid film. The vapor phase emerges from the liquid film as a function of the vapor pressure defined relative to the prevailing temperature. The flow surface slopes downwardly away from the inflow of the liquid, it rises slightly or it extends horizontally.

Abstract: Contaminated glycol in a natural gas dehydration plant is refined by vacuum distillation. The equipment to perform the refining by vacuum distillation is mounted upon a trailer. The equipment on the trailer is connected by an inlet line to the dehydration plant to receive the contaminated glycol from the plant. The refined glycol is continuously pumped back to the dehydration plant by a conduit. Detergents may be added to the glycol unit so that the circulating glycol cleans the equipment of the dehydration plant as the hazardous materials is separated from the glycol. The dehydration plant remains in operation during the time that the glycol is refined and the dehydration plant equipment cleaned. When the process is complete at one dehydration plant the trailer is towed to another dehydration plant for refining the glycol and cleaning the dehydration plant.

Abstract: An evaporation system for separation of a fluid mixture into its component parts, especially for the reclamation of solvents, has a vacuum pump connected to the evaporator, especially a rotation evaporator, with at least one separator being connected to the suction side of the vacuum pump and at least one secondary condenser being connected at the pressure side of the vacuum pump. A fine regulating valve (8) is installed in the connecting pipe (7) between the rotation evaporator (2) and the separator (9), which is connected in front of the vacuum pump (10), for regulation of the boiling pressure.

Abstract: A method of distillation having the steps of drawing a volume of untreated water containing impurities into a container, applying a vacuum to the container, applying an oscillating electric charge to the untreated water thereby producing water vapor from the untreated water, capturing the water vapor in a vapor pipe, and condensing the water vapor back into a liquid form in a collecting chamber. An oscillating frequency of 2.6 gigahertz, either by sonic or electric charge, displaces the hydrogen bonding between water molecules. This displacement permits distillation at a low temperature without the infusion of large amounts of energy common in previously known methods.

Abstract: An apparatus for batch distilling a liquid at sub-atmospheric pressure, without the aid of a vacuum pump. The apparatus includes an evaporator section having a valved entry port through which a batch of liquid in a first atmospheric condition is added to the evaporator section. A condenser section receives distillate and is in communication with the evaporator section. A valved vent is provided for sealing said apparatus from the outside atmosphere to form a second atmospheric condition which is sealed from the atmosphere after a heating element vaporizes said liquid into an initial sufficient amount of a first vapor to purge the first atmospheric condition from the apparatus through the valved vent. A condenser is disposed for condensing a sufficient amount of the first vapor to form a third atmospheric condition at a pressure below the first atmospheric condition, and for condensing a second vapor to produce distillate.

Abstract: A deodorisation plant for treatment of fatty oils comprises a vessel (1) connected to a vacuum source. In the vessel there is a distillation column filled with structured packing material through which column the oil which shall be deodorised is brought to flow under influence of gravity and to meet a deodorisation gas in counter-current. In the vessel there is also a number of trays for collection of oil provided with drainage outlets in their lower part. The oil is treated with deodorisation gas in a batchwise way in these trays. The vessel is provided with an inlet (7) for oil and a connection (2) to a vacuum source in its upper part. In its lower part there is an outlet (9) for oil.

Abstract: A system for the vacuum distillation of contaminated solvents incorporates a tank for holding a liquid contaminated solvent, a heating chamber surrounding the tank for heating the liquid contaminated solvent into an evaporated solvent, a drift elimination and fractionation device for separating contaminants out of the evaporated solvent, a heat exchanger circuit for cooling the evaporated solvent from the drift elimination and fractionation device, a pump circuit connected to receive the evaporated solvent from the drift elimination and fractionation device and to circulate the evaporated solvent through the heat exchanger circuit, and a control circuit connected to at least the heating element and the pump so as to control operation their based on parameters of a solvent selected to be processed. The control circuit includes a plurality of sensors for monitoring operating conditions of at least the tank, the heating chamber and the heat exchanger circuit.

Abstract: An installation for cleaning oil-polluted water, in particular at oil and gas production plants, is provided with a distillation column having a polluted water feed and at least one contact packing above which the outlet of the polluted water feed is located, a vapor discharge, a clean water outlet and a measuring device for the analysis of the water from the clean water outlet.

Abstract: A method for vacuum distillation includes separation of a liquid product delivered to a reservoir under vacuum into a vapour-gaseous phase and at least one liquid fraction, withdrawal of the vapour-gaseous phase from the reservoir using a vacuum-creating device, and subsequent separation of the vapour-gaseous phase into gas and a liquid phase by condensing performed directly in the vacumm-creating device. A portion of the liquid phase is used as a fluid working medium in the vacuum-creating device.An equipment for vacuum distillation includes a reservoir under vacuum conditions equipped with mains and a vacuum-creating device, which has an ejector, a separator and a pump, interconnected by mains.

Abstract: A system for transporting and burning under negative pressure in a boiler a raw coke oven gas to produce steam energy. The system has the usual battery of coke ovens and corresponding ascension pipes connected to a collector main. Flushing liquor is sprayed into the hot coke oven gases to effect cooling in the collector main. A transport main delivers the cooled raw coke oven gases and flushing liquor to a burner of a steam producing boiler where the transport main includes a downcomer for separating the raw coke oven gas from the flushing liquor. The coke oven gas is burned in the boiler where a suction fan is provided at the exhaust of the boiler to develop a negative pressure in the system where the boiler has reinforced walls to withstand the negative pressure. A change in negative pressure in the system is detected and monitored by a controller system which varies draw of the suction fan in response to a detected change in negative pressure in the system.

Abstract: Distilling equipment including evaporation apparatus having a boiling chamber and equipment and conduits for supplying raw liquid to the boiling chamber, a plurality of cells with the first cell being connected to the top of the boiling chamber to receive gas therefrom and condense the gas by contact with cold recycled distillate from the first cell, with each stage having vertical vacuum producing bubble tubes through which distillate and gas bubbles pass downward to a collection chamber through the bubble tubes. Cell recycle conduits and pumps recycle fluid from collection chamber to condensing chamber. Distillate is drawn from the condensing chamber of the first cell only. Gas by-pass tubes connect the collecting chamber of a cell to the condensing chamber of the next cell and provide the only connection between the cells to sum the vacuum generated by each cell's bubble tubes.

Abstract: Contaminated glycol is refined by vacuum distillation. Specifically the evaporator is heated to a temperature below the degradation temperature of the glycol. The vacuum is used to bring the flashpoint down sufficiently so that glycol evaporates or flashes at that temperature. The glycol is condensed and filtered through activated granular carbon. The principal use of refining the glycol is to refine the triethylene glycol used in natural gas dehydration plants. For such purposes the equipment is mounted upon a trailer to be taken to the plant for cleaning glycol. In such instance, in addition to refining the glycol, a cleaning agent (which contains a degreaser) is added to the refined glycol. The glycol is refined while the natural gas dehydration plant is in normal operation and therefore it is not necessary to stop the natural gas dehydration plant for refining the glycol used therein.

Abstract: A process for preparing and/or extracting samples by heating them together with a solvent in a container under pressure, using a Soxhlet apparatus. The samples are dried by heating in a container; and the resultant vapors are drawn off to generate a vacuum in the container.

Abstract: An improved condenser system for condensing vapor containing liquid or solid particles to minimize contamination of the condenser system by such particles and to increase the efficiency of liquid processing systems, including extracting particles from the vapor producing processing and cool down of the liquid and returning the particles to the processing container without fouling the condenser system or losing product.

Abstract: Gasses, water and solvents, major contaminants in used lubricating oils, can be removed from used lubricating oils at mild temperature conditions under vacuum. Apparatus in which the removal can take place includes a hollow vacuum separator vessel with a spray nozzle to spray an ultra fine spray of warm, used lubricating oil onto an angularly disposed thin film separator plate. In conjunction with the plate is a cooling device within the vacuum chamber. Cleaned oil can be passed from the bottom back into a holding tank, while water and solvents are drained out into a separate tank for safe disposal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a machine for confining a primary fluid by means of a secondary fluid whose boiling temperature is lower than that of the primary fluid. The machine includes, in particular, primary vapor cooling means comprising a heat exchanger (11) for exchanging heat between the primary vapor and the secondary fluid (12), which means are provided with orifices (15) for exhausting the secondary vapor into the inside of the tank (4) so that the hat exchanger ensures that the primary vapor condenses and that the secondary fluid vaporizes, thereby making it possible to obtain thermal self-stabilization inside the tank.

Abstract: A device for processing water having high concentrations of scale forming compounds and high solids content in a high efficiency vapor compression distillation system wherein a plate-in-frame heat exchanger is submerged in a boiling solution contained in a boiler drum. An impeller in the drum continuously circulates the boiling solution through the heat exchanger at a velocity to prevent suspended solids from accumulating and to inhibit scale formation on the boiling surfaces of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: In a distillation column for separating a liquid mixture into a plurality of pure fractions, the distillation column being divided into 2 parts, a feed part and a take-off part, in its middle region by a separation effective in the longitudinal direction, the separation consists of two walls with a gas space in between, the distance between the two walls being from 1 to 50 mm, preferably from 3 to 10 mm.

Abstract: When waste liquid is concentrated using a radiant heat section and a heat absorbent section of a heat pump circuit, in the proper place of the heating region of the heat pump circuit, a detector for detecting the pressure and/or temperature of the heat transfer medium is provided, or a detector for detecting the value of an electric current flowing through or the amount of electric power consumed in a system which includes a compressor for the heat pump circuit, is provided, and by the provision of a control system which can halt the concentration operation when the detected value exceeds a set value, both with a liquid in which the concentration of the non-volatile component is low so that a comparatively long time is required for the concentration operation, and, conversely, with a liquid in which the concentration of the non-volatile component is high so that the concentration operation is completed in a comparatively short time, the concentration operation has good efficiency, and can always be halted at

Abstract: A system is disclosed for reducing the amount of waste water and recovering reusable constituents from a waste stream comprising at least two constituents having different relative volatilities. The system includes a vapor thermocompression evaporator, into which the waste stream is directed, to vaporize one of the constituents within the waste stream without appreciably vaporizing other constituents in the waste stream. The vapor thermocompression evaporator also has a vapor compressor for compressing the vaporized fraction of the first constituent and delivering this compressed vaporized fraction to transfer heat to the waste stream. The system further has a film evaporator in series with the vapor thermocompression evaporator which transfers heat to the stream after it leaves the vapor thermocompression to vaporize substantially all of the first constituent without appreciably vaporizing the second constituent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating water from a condensate mixture having two or more components drained from a compressed gas system is disclosed. The apparatus has a boiler with an inlet for receiving the condensate mixture and an outlet through which water vapor is removed. The boiler is maintained at sufficient negative pressure to lower the boiling point of the water in the condensate mixture and to enable the water in the boiler to boil at a lower temperature than if the negative pressure were not present. Heat is provided to the boiler to raise the temperature of the condensate mixture to equal or exceed that of the boiling point of the water in the negative pressure environment, but below the boiling point of the remaining components in the condensate mixture.

Abstract: An evaporator flask for a rotary evaporator is formed in two portions: a substantially cylindrical bowl and a lid secured to the bowl by a connecting ring. The lid is connected to a rotary drive mechanism, and a conduit passes through a central aperture in the lid to provide fluid communication between the interior of the flask and a condenser. A mechanical scraper or stirrer is affixed to the end of the conduit within the bowl portion of the flask.

Abstract: An improved urea recovery process is presented. In the improved process, multiple vacuum rated surface condensers used to condense water vapor evolved during urea vacuum evaporation/concentration are replaced by a direct contact cooler/absorber to obtain substantial capital and utility cost savings. Improved heat exchange efficiency of the present process significantly reduces cooling water usage in comparison to the surface condensers.

Abstract: Process for vacuum-concentrating urea solutions in which the final step of evaporation of the urea solution under vacuum is carried out within the injection of overheated water vapor in the overhead portion of the concentrator, in order to counteract the formation and deposition of high-melting, fouling compounds derived from urea.

Abstract: Rotating parallel disks create radial cyclonic vortices between them. The axes of these vortices communicate with the bore of a hollow shaft, and a vacuum is drawn in the shaft bore by the action of a centrifugal pump. Particles, mist, and heavy vapors such as mercury, are separated out of a gas stream by the radial vortices, which cause whatever is relatively heavy in the vortex to migrate away from the vortex axis and then contact the rotating disks, whereby they are expelled from the space between the disks. Application to mist elimination for steam is discussed, as are application to cyclonic cracking of hydrocarbons and separation of gaseous waste from intra-lattice fluid.

Abstract: An integral system and method for the separation and purification in a single operation of a heat or oxygen-sensitive liquid feed, such as a plant derived liquid feed mixture of fatty acids, tocopherol compounds and sterols, into a low boiling point purified fraction of Vitamin E tocopherol compounds and a high boiling point concentrate fraction of triglycerides, which system can be maintained in the presence of an inert gas to provide reduced degradation and increased purity of the Vitamin E fraction. The system includes a pre-evaporator, a vapor-liquid separator, a packed bed distillation column, a rotary thin film evaporator and an evaporator-stripper.

Abstract: An apparatus for desalination of sea water by the utilization of solar energy, advantageously accompanied by electric power generation, containing a heat caption unit (1) serving as a heat source, a sea water collecting tank (10), a pre-heating tank (11), a heat receiver (20), and evaporators (2,3,4) connected in line, and distilled water storage tanks (13). The sea water collecting tank (10) and the pre-heating tank (11) that pre-heats the sea water and cools the distilled steam are situated beside each other at different level, and the adjoining walls of the two tanks have an opening for through-flow (11a) or a through-flow tube; the discharge duct (8) of the pre-heating tank (11) is led into the evaporators where the first evaporator (2) is provided with a heater (72) heated by the heating agent, the second and the subsequent evaporators (3) are provided with a heating system consisting of pipe rings (73a) utilizing hot vapor and pipes connecting the pipe rings.

Abstract: A device for intercepting liquid obtained from a stream of mixed fluids contains an enclosure having an upper opening and a lower opening. The upper opening is connectible to a source of suction while the lower opening is connectible to a source of the mixed fluids. A partition between the openings divides the enclosure into a liquid collecting section which includes the upper opening and a liquid discharging section which includes the lower opening. The partition has a liquid flow passage at the lower end thereof and an orifice at the upper end thereof, and the orifice provides a pressure drop between the two openings. A liquid collecting basin is formed at the bottom of the enclosure, and the lower opening is provided with an overflow for the basin. In operation, the suction source draws a stream of mixed fluids from the mixed fluid source. Liquid is derived from the stream in or above the liquid collecting section and forms a pool in the liquid collecting basin.

Abstract: A water distillation system (10) includes a boiling chamber (11) and a condensation chamber (12). Water is fed via an inlet pipe (13) to a degassing chamber (15) where volatile gases are removed from the water. The water is evaporated in the boiling chamber (11) and vapour is, in turn, condensed in the condensing chamber (12). Distilled water is collected in a water storage tank (30) and is used, with a pump (28) and entrainment device (27), to provide a substantial vacuum within the system (10).

Abstract: A single vessel with no moving parts is constructed to perform the functions of coalescing, vacuum dehydration, and thin film evaporation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for stripping volatiles from a feed stream and concentrating the volatiles in the overhead vapors forming a condensate product and simultaneously producing a low percent volatiles outlet stream as a concentrate product. The volatiles separator and concentrator, ("VSC"), unit has many applications in the reduction and the concentration of voiatiles in the beverage, fuel, and industrial alcohol industries, as well as in chemical applications for removing or stripping volatiles from heat sensitive feed substrates which require low temperatures and a short residence time to prevent degradation of the product. For heat sensitive applications, the VSC unit utilizes a short feed stream preheat contact time in combination with turbulent high velocity flow to separate and concentrate volatile and nonvolatile components at temperatures below 100.degree. F. utilizing flash vaporization for volatiles separation with reboil capability to adjust volatiles concentration in the residue and product.

Abstract: Spray drying system for drying a liquid feed which is made up of a solution or suspension of particles in a fluid medium. The system enables the spray drying of wet material and converting the material into powder by evaporation of a liquid medium at reduced pressure or at a vacuum. The system includes a heating chamber and an evacuation device, communicating with the interior of the heating chamber. This provision enables creation of reduced pressure within the chamber, accompanied by evaporation of the fluid medium at temperatures lower than needed for evaporation at normal pressure, and evacuation of the moisture vapor generated during evaporation.