Abstract: The present disclosure is intended to prevent blockage of a path that allows a fluid to flow to a predetermined position where a pressure of the fluid is applied to a cell unit. An electrochemical compressor according to an embodiment includes first and second members, an elastic body, a fluid chamber, and a fluid path. The elastic body exerts an elastic force in a direction in which the first member and the second member are pushed apart from each other, and thereby presses a stack of electrochemical cells. The fluid chamber has the elastic body disposed therein and receives boosted gas flowing thereinto, the fluid chamber allowing the boosted gas to apply a pressure to push the first member and the second member apart from each other. The fluid path connects the fluid chamber to a flow path into which the boosted gas is discharged from the electrochemical cells.

Abstract: An electrochemical hydrogen pump includes at least one hydrogen pump unit including an electrolyte membrane, an anode on one main surface of the electrolyte membrane, a cathode on the other main surface of the electrolyte membrane, an anode separator on the anode, and a cathode separator on the cathode, the at least one hydrogen pump unit transferring, to the cathode, hydrogen supplied to the anode and pressurizing the hydrogen, a first fixing member for preventing movement of the cathode separator in a direction in which the cathode separator is stacked, a first end plate on the anode separator at one end in the stacking direction, a second end plate on the cathode separator at the other end in the stacking direction, and a first gas flow channel through which hydrogen in the cathode is supplied to a first space between the second end plate and the cathode separator.

Abstract: An electrochemical-cell stack assembly is provided. The assembly has an electrochemical-cell stack and a compression system that holds the electrochemical-cell stack in a state of compression. The compression system has a first endplate and a second endplate positioned at opposite ends of the electrochemical-cell stack. The compression system has a set of tension members coupled to the first endplate and the second endplate that maintain a fixed distance between the first endplate and the second endplate. The compression system has a compression plate disposed between the second endplate and the electrochemical-cell stack. The compression system has a compression member in contact with the compression plate, wherein the compression member is configured to transfer a force to the compression plate. The compression system has a locking nut fastened to the second plate. The locking nut secures the position of the compression member and compression plate relative to the second endplate.

Abstract: Electrolyzer for catholyte production comprises an inner hollow cylindrical anode, an outer cylindrical cathode, and a diaphragm interposed between them. The length of the working part of the anode is at most 2 to 6 times the outer diameter of the anode. The inner hollow anode is made of one or two sections, the sections being connected to each other by a flow dielectric cylindrical sleeve having a diameter not larger than the outer diameter of the anode. The inner hollow anode has openings for introduction of water into inner cavity of the anode and openings for discharge of water at opposite ends of diameters of the anode lid. The electrolyzer for catholyte production operates in a horizontal position because outlet openings of the anode lid are located at the ends of the diameter of the anode lid, close to the outlet openings of the electrolyzer lid facing vertically upwards.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxygenated water manufacturing device, which can be used in various fields because it can be applied to and used for not only mineral water or purified water, but also other various drinks such as tap water, barley tea, green tea, corn silk tea, and soju by using a specific configuration, which allows use of only high-purity oxygen from which ozone, which is produced with oxygen when mineral water is electrolyzed, and various inorganic substances and organic substances such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and silicon (Si) contained in the mineral water are completely filtered out, and which completely prevents a phenomenon in which oxygen is not generated by deformation of an ion resin membrane disposed between an anode (+) and a cathode (?) in the oxygen generator due to a water-drying phenomenon in the hydrogen outlet.

Abstract: Provided are a system and a method of treating wastewater. The system includes a wastewater chamber, positive and negative electrode chambers, acid and basic solution chambers and a buffer chamber. The wastewater chamber receives wastewater containing a first ion. The positive and the negative electrode chambers are respectively on opposite sides of the wastewater chamber. The acid chamber is between the wastewater chamber and the positive electrode chamber. The basic chamber is between the wastewater chamber and the negative electrode chamber. The buffer chamber is between one of the acid and the basic chambers and the wastewater chamber, and receives the buffer solution containing the first ion. The interfaces between the wastewater chamber and the buffer chamber and between the one of the acid and the basic chambers and the buffer chamber are ion exchange membranes having the same electrical properties.

Abstract: An environment control system utilizes oxygen and humidity control devices that are coupled with an enclosure to independently control the oxygen concentration and the humidity level within the enclosure. An oxygen depletion device may be an oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell that reacts with oxygen within the cell and produces water through electrochemical reactions. A desiccating device may be g, a dehumidification electrolyzer cell, a desiccator, a membrane desiccator or a condenser. A controller may control the amount of voltage and/or current provided to the oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell and therefore the rate of oxygen reduction and may control the amount of voltage and/or current provided to the dehumidification electrolyzer cell and therefore the rate of humidity reduction. The oxygen level may be determined by the measurement of voltage and a limiting current of the oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell. The enclosure may be a food or artifact enclosure.

Abstract: A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a novel cathode active material that can be used in a fluoride ion battery. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a cathode active material used in a fluoride ion battery, the cathode active material comprising: a composition represented by Pb2MF6, in which M is at least one of Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni.

Abstract: A plating apparatus includes a plating bath, a substrate holder, an anode electrode, and a fluid stirring member. The plating bath is configured to contain a plating solution. The substrate holder is configured to hold a substrate to be plated in the plating bath. The anode electrode is disposed in the plating bath. The fluid stirring member is disposed between the anode electrode and the substrate to be plated, and includes a plurality of first stirring stripes a plurality of second stirring stripes. The first stirring stripes extend along a first direction parallel to a plating surface of the substrate to be plated. The second stirring stripes extend along a second direction intersected with the plurality of first stirring stripes and parallel to the plating surface, wherein the fluid stirring member is configured to reciprocate along the first direction and the second direction.

Abstract: This braking device comprises a seal (1) having a first sealing part (2) made of a first material and a second sealing part (4) made of a second material different than the first material. In addition, the first material comprises PTFE, the second material comprises EPDM, and the first sealing part (2) and the second sealing part (4) are adhesively bonded together.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to design an expansion kit (100) for bioreactors (20) which allows prior art bioreactors (20) to be expanded in a way that makes the same usable for microbial bio-electrosynthesis. In order to achieve said aim, the expansion kit (100) comprises a reaction chamber (21) which is open on one side and which has a window (23) in a sidewall (22), said window (23) being provided with a membrane (24).

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a structure which is configured so that the handling workability of a rubber-only gasket is improved and, even when a gasket body and a carrier film adhere to each other, the carrier film is easily detached from the gasket body. To achieve the object, a rubber-only gasket body and a carrier film containing a resin film detachably holding the gasket body are combined and a gasket holding portion containing a three-dimensional shape deformed along an outer shape of the gasket body is provided in a portion overlapping with the gasket body on the plane in the carrier film. The gasket holding portion containing the three-dimensional shape has a stepped shape in which one side surface of the gasket body is not held and only the other side surface and the lower surface of the gasket body are held.

Abstract: The present invention improves the handling properties of a rubber-only gasket and the affixability thereof to an attachment position. To this end, the provided gasket is: obtained by combining a gasket body of the rubber-only type, and a carrier sheet that comprises a resin film and holds the gasket body in an un-adhered state; and characterized in that the gasket body is provided with an adhesive section or bonding section for adhering or bonding the gasket body to an attachment position when attaching the gasket body to the attachment position. The adhesive section or bonding section is prepared by providing the lateral surface of the gasket body with a projecting section, and coating the surface of the projecting section with an adhesive or bonding agent. The gasket body is to be used as a gasket for a fuel cell to be incorporated into a fuel cell stack.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to improve the handling and usability of rubber only-type gaskets. To achieve said purpose, a gasket molding is obtained by combining a rubber only-type gasket body with a film carrier obtained from a resin film that holds the gasket body in an unbonded state. The gasket molding is characterized in that: in addition to a gasket-holding section for holding the gasket body, the film carrier has temporary tacking sections that are surface-treated to temporarily tack the gasket body to said film carrier; the gasket body has temporary tack-receiving sections that are temporarily tacked to the temporary tacking sections; and the temporary tacking sections and temporary tack-receiving sections are removed from the film carrier and the gasket body when the film carrier and gasket body are punched into the product shapes.

Abstract: A membrane module and method of making are provided, including a mold therefor. Exemplarily, the module, which comprises a membrane around which is formed a frame, is adapted for use with an electrochemical apparatus. The membrane comprises a fabric made from a synthetic fiber such as nylon, where the nylon is woven into ripstop nylon fabric. The frame, which comprises, exemplarily, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene, includes a wedge-shaped portion to facilitate collection of evolved gases and which provides support to the membrane as well as support to internal electrodes. The mold is adapted to suspend and secure the membrane during formation of the module and to provide a module which secures the membrane within the frame after formation of the module.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a redox flow battery comprising at least one electrochemical cell in fluid communication with a balancing cell, said balancing cell comprising: a first and second half-cell chamber, wherein the first half-cell chamber comprises a first electrode in contact with a first aqueous electrolyte of the redox flow battery; and wherein the second half-cell chamber comprises a second electrode in contact with a second aqueous electrolyte, said second electrode comprising a catalyst for the generation of O2.

Abstract: Electroplating apparatus agitates electrolyte to provide high velocity fluid flows at the surface of a wafer. The apparatus includes a paddle which provides uniform high mass transfer over the entire wafer, even with a relatively large gap between the paddle and the wafer. Consequently, the processor may have an electric field shield positioned between the paddle and the wafer for effective shielding at the edges of the wafer. The influence of the paddle on the electric field across the wafer is reduced as the paddle is spaced relatively farther from the wafer.

Abstract: A differential pressure water electrolysis apparatus includes high-pressure water electrolysis cells and a pressing mechanism. The high-pressure water electrolysis cells are stacked in a stacking direction. Each of the high-pressure water electrolysis cells includes an electrolyte membrane, a member, an anode current collector, a cathode current collector, an anode separator, and a cathode separator. The electrolyte membrane has a first side and a second side opposite to the first side in the stacking direction. The member has a surface which has an opening and which is in contact with the electrolyte membrane. The anode current collector is disposed on the first side of the electrolyte membrane. The cathode current collector is disposed on the second side of the electrolyte membrane. The anode separator has an anode chamber in which the anode current collector is accommodated. The pressing mechanism is to press the high-pressure water electrolysis cells in the stacking direction.

Abstract: A busbar system for the transport of energy especially for long vertical paths is disclosed, wherein the busbar system includes multiple sections, the sections each include multiple busbars and a holding piece, and the busbars of the sections are held by the respective holding pieces and electrically connected to one another via a connection.

Abstract: Spacers arranged on opposite sides of an article to be processed into an EUV pellicle support the article. Plates on opposite ends of the spacer-article combination include respective electrodes. The plates, article, and spacers can be held together with a vacuum retention system. A center hole of each spacer forms a chamber with surfaces engaged by the spacer. A fluid entry extending from an outer surface of each spacer to its center hole allows delivery of fluid to each chamber. Additional spacers can be used to support additional articles. Additional plates and electrodes can also be used.

Abstract: Bioreactors comprising an electrical stimulation system supply a pulsed and/or modulated electrical input to microbes that use the electrical stimulation and available CO2 to produce valuable organic compounds. Electrical power, such as from renewable sources remotely located with respect to the power grid, can be converted to chemical energy in the form of the organic compounds, which can be stored and/or transported readily.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the field of electrolysis devices. A modular electrolysis unit is specifically disclosed comprising a plurality of interconnecting frames which may have an ion-permeable membrane, or a passive electrode attached and sealed thereto. A frame composing a manifold is also disclosed, in one form with the same attachment system as adjacent membrane frames, passive electrode frames, and endplates to as to allow modular assembly of the overall device.

Abstract: A differential pressure water electrolysis apparatus includes a cell unit, a first end plate, a second end plate, and a pressing mechanism. The pressing mechanism is provided between the first end plate and a first end of the cell unit to press the cell unit in a stacking direction and includes a first corrosion-resistant member, a second corrosion-resistant member, a third corrosion-resistant member, and a pressure-resistant member. The first corrosion-resistant member is connected to the first end plate. The second corrosion-resistant member is engaged with the first end of the cell unit and is movable in the stacking direction. The third corrosion-resistant member is connected to the first corrosion-resistant member or the second corrosion-resistant member and covers an outer peripheral part of the first corrosion-resistant member and an outer peripheral part of the second corrosion-resistant member to provide a fluid introduction chamber communicating with a cathode side.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electric device for producing deionized water comprising: desalting chamber (4) defined by at least two ion-exchange membranes (1, 2) and filled with an ion exchanger; first concentration chamber (5a) positioned adjacent to one side of the desalting chamber with one of the ion-exchange membranes therebetween; second concentration chamber (5b) positioned adjacent to the other side of the desalting chamber with another of the ion-exchange membranes therebetween; and a pair of electrode chambers (6a, 6b) with one electrode chamber being disposed at the outer side of first concentration chamber (5a) and the other electrode chamber being disposed at the outer side of second concentration chamber (5b), wherein the electric device for producing deionized water is provided with: main body part (20) formed to include desalting chamber (4), concentration chambers (5a, 5b), and electrode chambers (6a, 6b); a pair of fixing plates (9a, 9b) disposed in such a way that main body part (20)

Abstract: An electrolysis cell, in particular for producing an electrochemically activated sodium chloride solution, includes an anode chamber provided with an anode and a cathode chamber separated therefrom by a membrane and provided with a cathode. The membrane is designed as a hollow ceramic cylinder surrounded by an outer housing and is intended to make it possible to produce a particularly high-quality, electrochemically activated sodium chloride solution. The ends of the hollow ceramic cylinder and the outer housing surrounding the cylinder are each mounted in a closure cap, which has a central hole forming an entry channel to the interior of the hollow ceramic cylinder and an annular chamber that extends around the central hole and, on the media side, is connected to the intermediate chamber between the membrane and the outer housing.

Abstract: A water electrolysis apparatus is formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells. Each unit cell includes a membrane electrode assembly, and an anode separator and a cathode separator which sandwich the membrane electrode assembly therebetween. The anode separator has a plurality of inlet joint channels in fluid communication with a water supply passage, and a plurality of outlet joint channels in fluid communication with a discharge passage. The water supply passage has an inner wall surface at which the inlet joint channels are open, and an outer wall surface which faces the inner wall surface, the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface jointly forming an opening of an oblong cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: A method of producing an apparatus to remove ions from water is disclosed, wherein the apparatus includes a first electrode having a first current collector, a second electrode having a second current collector, and a spacer between the first and second electrodes to allow water to flow in between the electrodes. The method includes flushing water through the spacer and subsequently exerting a force on the stack so as to compress the first and second electrodes and the spacer. Exerting a force on the stack may result in a pressure of less than 5 bar, less than 2 bar, or between 1 bar and 0.5 bar, between the electrodes and the spacer.

Abstract: An Apparatus that generates onsite three antimicrobial solutions by electrolyzing a dilute brine solution. At least one of the generated solutions can be used to dissolve protein, emulsify oils and fats making it an effective general purpose cleaner. A second solution can be used as a non-corrosive, fast active general purpose sanitizer and a third solution can be used as a high level disinfectant, capable of killing all microorganism, including MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureaus), C. diff (clostridium difficle), VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococci) and acinetobactor baumannii. The onsite generated antimicrobial solutions reduce the occurrence of infectious diseases in hospitals, other human or animal health care settings, cruise-ships, hotels and other facilities whereas there is a higher risk of spreading infectious diseases.

Abstract: Described is a method for improving the operation of an electrolytic cell having an anolyte compartment, a catholyte compartment and a synthetic diaphragm separating the compartments, wherein liquid anolyte is introduced into the anolyte compartment and flows through the diaphragm into the catholyte compartment, which method involves introducing particulate material comprising halocarbon polymer short fiber, e.g., fluorocarbon polymer short fiber, into the anolyte compartment in amounts sufficient to lower the flow of liquid anolyte through the diaphragm into the catholyte compartment. In the case of an electrolytic cell wherein aqueous alkali metal chloride, e.g.

Abstract: An electrolyzing system for electrolyzing a brine solution of water and an alkali salt to produce acidic electrolyzed water and alkaline electrolyzed water is provided. The system includes an internal chamber for receiving the brine solution and two electrolyzer cells immersed in a brine bath. Each electrolyzer cell includes an electrode, at least one ion permeable membrane supported relative to the electrode to define a space communicating between a fresh water supply and a chemical outlet into which brine enters only through the membrane. One of the electrodes is coupled to a positive charging electrical supply and the other to a negative charging electrical supply.

Abstract: An energy management system includes a control unit and an electrolysis system having an alkaline electrolysis unit and a PEM electrolysis unit. The control unit controls the electrolysis units independently of one another in such a way that a performance adjustment of an overall performance of the electrolysis system is particularly dynamic.

Abstract: An Alkaline Electrolyzer Cell Configuration (AECC) has a hydrogen half cell; an oxygen half cell; a GSM (Gas Separation Membrane); two inner hydrogen half cell spacer screens; an outer hydrogen half cell spacer screen; a hydrogen electrode; two inner oxygen half cell spacer screens; an outer oxygen half cell spacer screen; and an oxygen electrode. The hydrogen half cell includes the hydrogen electrode which is located between said two inner hydrogen half cell spacer screens and said outer hydrogen half cell spacer screen. The oxygen half cell includes the oxygen electrode which is located between said two inner oxygen half cell spacer screens and said outer oxygen half cell spacer screen. The the GSM is provided between said two inner hydrogen half cell spacer screens of the hydrogen half cell and said two inner oxygen half cell spacer screens of the oxygen half cell to from the electrolyzer.

Abstract: An electrochemical compressor includes one or more electrochemical cells through which a working fluid flows, and an external electrical energy source electrically connected to the electrochemical cell. Each electrochemical cell includes an anode connected to the electrical energy source; a cathode connected to the electrical energy source; an ion exchange membrane disposed between and in electrical contact with the cathode and the anode to pass an electrochemically motive material of the working fluid from the anode to the cathode, the ion exchange membrane comprising polar ionic groups attached to nonpolar chains; and a non-aqueous solvent comprising polar molecules, the polar molecules of the non-aqueous solvent being associated with and electrostatically attracted to the polar ionic groups of the ion exchange membrane.

Abstract: An electrochemical system includes an electrochemical compressor through which a working fluid that includes a component that primarily acts as an electrochemically-active component flows; a sealed vessel in which the electrochemical compressor is housed; an inlet conduit for passing working fluid into the vessel; and an outlet conduit for passing fluid out of the vessel. The working fluid that leaks from the electrochemical compressor is contained within the vessel.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the field of electrolysis devices. A modular electrolysis unit is specifically disclosed comprising a plurality of interconnecting frames which may have an ion-permeable membrane, or a passive electrode attached and sealed thereto. A frame composing a manifold is also disclosed, in one form with the same attachment system as adjacent membrane frames, passive electrode frames, and endplates to as to allow modular assembly of the overall device.

Abstract: A membrane-based electrochemical cell produces a first anolyte solution and a membrane-less electrochemical cell produces a bleach solution such as from a brine solution. The first anolyte solution and bleach solution are combined to form a modified anolyte solution. A dual electrochemical cell device includes two segments, one having a membrane-based electrochemical cell and the other having a membrane-less electrochemical cell, separated by a partition, and secured together into a single, unitary structure.

Abstract: A membrane-based electrochemical cell produces a first anolyte solution and a membrane-less electrochemical cell processes the first anolyte solution to produce a modified anolyte solution.

Abstract: The electrochemical ozonizer comprising at least one cell, each consisting of an anode, a cathode and an interposed full-area, cation-conducting membrane which is chemically stable to ozone as a solid electrolyte, is characterized in that the membrane conductively connects the anode and the cathode while forming flow channels for water that are separated from one another as anode and cathode chambers.

Abstract: Methods for the conversion of a biofuel such as biodiesel into an alkane composition such as an aviation fuel, kerosine, or liquified petroleum gas product involve a series of electrochemical reactions. The reactions include oxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide, reduction of fatty acid esters, and cleavage of fatty acid chains at C?C double bonds. The methods are carried out by systems of two or more electrochemical reactors.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to devices and methods of treating aqueous solutions to help remove or otherwise reduce levels, concentrations or amounts of one or more contaminants. The present disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising spaced-apart electrode structural support members extending from a first sidewall to a second sidewall, the spaced-apart electrode structural support members each having at least one photoelectrode and counterelectrode coupled to respective terminals adapted to be electrically coupled to a power supply, and at least one ultraviolet light source between the spaced-apart electrode support members.

Abstract: An Alkaline Electrolyzer Cell Configuration (AECC) has a hydrogen half cell; an oxygen half cell; a GSM (Gas Separation Membrane); two inner hydrogen half cell spacer screens; an outer hydrogen half cell spacer screen; a hydrogen electrode; two inner oxygen half cell spacer screens; an outer oxygen half cell spacer screen; and an oxygen electrode. The hydrogen half cell includes the hydrogen electrode which is located between said two inner hydrogen half cell spacer screens and said outer hydrogen half cell spacer screen. The oxygen half cell includes the oxygen electrode which is located between said two inner oxygen half cell spacer screens and said outer oxygen half cell spacer screen. The GSM is provided between said two inner hydrogen half cell spacer screens of the hydrogen half cell and said two inner oxygen half cell spacer screens of the oxygen half cell to from the electrolyzer.

Abstract: A microbial electrolysis cell having a brush anode is described. A method of producing products, such as hydrogen, at the cathode of the microbial electrolysis cell is also provided. The microbial electrolysis cell is configured in a cylindrical shape having an anode, cathode and anion exchange membrane all disposed concentrically. A brush anode spirally wound around the outside of the cylindrical microbial electrolysis cell is described. The method may include sparging the anode and/or cathode with air in some cases. In addition, CO2-containing gas may be injected into a cathode chamber to reduce pH is some cases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a substantially inert environment within a cathode chamber that is capable of generating a metallic element M from a metal ion Mz+.

Abstract: A system using electrochemically-activated water (ECAW) for manufacturing, processing, packaging, and dispensing beverages including: (a) using ECAW to neutralize incompatible residues when transitioning from the production of one beverage to another; (b) using ECAW to rehabilitate and disinfect granular activated charcoal beds used in the feed water purification system; (c) producing a carbonated ECAW product and using the carbonated ECAW for system cleaning or disinfecting; (d) using ECAW solutions in the beverage facility clean-in-place system to achieve improved microbial control while greatly reducing water usage and reducing or eliminating the use of chemical detergents and disinfectants; (e) further reducing biofilm growth in the processing system, and purifying ingredient water without the use of chlorine, by adding an ECAW anolyte to the water ingredient feed stream; and/or (f) washing the beverage product bottles or other packages with one or more ECAW solutions prior to packaging.

Abstract: A electrolysis chamber. The electrolysis chamber has first initial product sub-chambers, second initial product sub-chambers, at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, and electrolysis membranes. The first initial product sub-chambers and second initial product sub-chambers communicate with respective manifolds, which in turn communicates with an exterior of the electrolysis chamber through respective ports. Flow control valves set the flow into the first initial product sub-chambers. First, second and third end product manifolds communicate with an exterior of the electrolysis chamber through respective ports. The ports and manifold configuration provides for simple and easy connection and installation of the electrolysis chamber.

Abstract: A membrane for use with an electrochemical apparatus is provided. The electrochemical apparatus may include a fuel cell or electrolyzer, for example, an electrolyzer adapted to produce hydrogen. The membrane comprises a fabric made from a synthetic fiber such as nylon where the nylon, in an exemplary embodiment, is woven into ripstop nylon fabric. The electrochemical apparatus is constructed with frames comprising high-density polyethylene (HDPE) which provide support and structure to the membranes as well as to internal electrodes. A method of making an electrochemical apparatus, such as an electrolyzer, containing a membrane comprising ripstop nylon is also disclosed, as is a method for producing hydrogen gas with an electrolyzer containing a membrane comprising ripstop nylon.

Abstract: Methods and systems for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to organic products including formate and formic acid are provided. A system may include an electrochemical cell including a cathode compartment containing a high surface area cathode and a bicarbonate-based catholyte saturated with carbon dioxide. The high surface area cathode may include an indium coating and having a void volume of between about 30% to 98. The system may also include an anode compartment containing an anode and an acidic anolyte. The electrochemical cell may be configured to produce a product stream upon application of an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: A cell design for systems of mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) of materials includes inactive surface coatings, such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene polymers or a glass glaze or metallic oxide, on all interior surfaces of the electrochemical cell to prevent . A further cell design for systems of mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) included conduits for connecting plural catholyte chambers or for connecting plural anolyte chambers which are embedded within walls of a molded unibody constructed box and slots for parallel arrangement of membranes and porous electrodes.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to devices and methods of treating aqueous solutions to help remove or otherwise reduce levels, concentrations or amounts of one or more contaminants. The present disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising spaced-apart electrode structural support members extending from a first sidewall to a second sidewall, the spaced-apart electrode structural support members each having at least one photoelectrode and counterelectrode coupled to respective terminals adapted to be electrically coupled to a power supply, and at least one ultraviolet light source between the spaced-apart electrode support members.

Abstract: A reversible SOFC monolithic stack is provided which comprises: 1) a first component which comprises at least one porous metal containing layer (1) with a combined electrolyte and sealing layer on the porous metal containing layer (1); wherein the at least one porous metal containing layer (1) hosts an electrode; 2) a second component comprising at least one porous metal containing layer (1) with a combined interconnect and sealing layer on the porous metal containing layer; wherein the at least one porous metal containing layers hosts an electrode. Further provided is a method for preparing a reversible solid oxide fuel cell stack. The obtained solid oxide fuel cell stack has improved mechanical stability and high electrical performance, while the process for obtaining same is cost effective.