Abstract: An electrolyte cell includes a membrane (114) supporting frame (104) which having an aperture (180) having a stepped sidewall, including a peripheral sealing ledge (182) in which is set a seal (184), a membrane (114) whose periphery is urged against the seal (114) by a subframe (202) mounted in the aperture (180), the sub-frame (202) being provided with vertically extending stand-offs (218) at each corner so as to define a cavity partially bounded by the frame (104) and sub-frame (202) at the top of bottom of the aperture (180), the top and bottom edges of the sub-frame (202) being provided with a plurality of through-holes (216).

Abstract: An apparatus and method of producing water for deodorization and cleaning applications is disclosed. In the apparatus or an electrolyzer, anode and cathode units are alternately arranged and are separated from each other by ion exchange membranes, and individually form a unit cell. Two end plates are attached to both ends of the electrolyzer. The inlet end plate has two water inlets, while the outlet end plate has two water outlets. In an electroanalysis of water in the apparatus, the current for the apparatus is set to a level of not higher than 100 A, while the voltage for the apparatus is set to a level of not higher than 100 V. In addition, the finally processed water of this invention has an acidity (pH) ranged from 2.0 to 12 and an oxidation/reduction electric potential ranged from -900 to +1180.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method consisting: in passing the sea water through an electrically conductive catalyst (10), arranged in the cathode section of an electrolytic cell (1), comprising a cathode section (3) and an anode section (4) provided with, the former, with at least one cathode (11a, . . . ) and, the latter, with at least one anode (18) and separated by a wall (2) permeable only to the cations and in circulating, in the anode section (4), a conductive aqueous solution of a particular anolyte; in providing an electric voltage between the cathode and the anode of the cell (1) while maintaining the contents of the cathode and the anode sections at specific potentials, so as to produce, in the cathode section, consumption of oxygen dissolved in the treated water and in decomposing, in the anode section, an appropriate amount of solution for ensuring the electroneutrality of the treated water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for regenerating exhausted tin-plating solutions which contain tin and copper ions, free complexing agent and complexing agent bound to the copper ions, as well as expended and unexpended reducing agent. By means of a suitable rinsing technique, the rinse water of the tin-plating process is concentrated to a 10 to 15 percent dilution of the process solution. The regenerating solution thus produced is fed to an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell comprises a cathode chamber, a middle chamber and an anode chamber. The cathode chamber is separated from the middle chamber by an anion-exchange membrane and the anode chamber is separated from the middle chamber by a cation-exchange membrane. The regenerating solution is initially provided in the cathode chamber. Here, the interfering copper component is cathodically deposited.

Abstract: A stacked plate cell having serially connected stacked electrodes is described, at least one stacked electrode consisting of a graphite felt plate, a carbon felt plate, a web having a carbon-covered starting material contact surface or a porous solid having a carbon-covered starting material contact surface or comprising such a material.

Abstract: A plurality of solid polyelectrolytic elements are stacked via spacers having conductive metal plates, and together with air channels, form three-dimensional electrolytic reaction surfaces. The plurality of solid polyelectrolytic elements are stacked by connecting the same electrically in series so that surfaces of the same polarity face each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrochemical half-cell (1) with a gas diffusion electrode (7) as cathode or anode wherein the gas chamber (6) is divided in particular into two or more gas pockets (6a, 6b, 6c) arranged one above another, the electrode chamber (2) of the half-cell (1) being divided into compartments (2a, 2b, 2c) which for the passage of the electrolyte (23), are connected to one another in cascade fashion via chutes (17), (18), (19).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for chemically heating a catalyst bed by feeding hydrogen to the catalyst. The invention also provides a method and apparatus for thermally conditioning a catalyst in order to enhance the conversion of unacceptable emissions (emanating from an internal combustion engine) into water and other acceptable emissions. In one aspect of the invention, hydrogen is supplied from an electrolyzer or other hydrogen source and injected into the monolith of a catalytic converter to more rapidly bring the catalyst to a light-off temperature.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell unit contains one or a plurality of electrochemical cells which are interconnected for the flow of solutions therethrough. Each electrochemical cell comprises an outer hollow tubular anode electrode and a central core tubular cathode electrode. Mounted coaxially between the outer hollow tubular anode electrode and the central core tubular cathode electrode is a hollow tubular diaphragm. A lower head assembly also includes inlet passageways for bringing solution into the anode chamber and the cathode chamber. An upper head assembly also includes outlet passageways for removing treated solution from the anode chamber and the cathode chamber. At the lower end of the electrochemical cell housing and underneath the lower head assembly, there is provided a collection container which can be in the shape of a box with a centrally depressed area for water accumulation.

Abstract: A monopolar or bipolar filter press electrolyzer. The bipolar filter press electrolyzer can contain a bipolar electrode consisting of a planar metal anode and planar metal cathode electrically connected to respective planar current collectors which can be electrically connected by welding either directly or through an intermediate metal layer different than said metal anode or cathode, or by adhesive bonding utilizing an electrically conductive adhesive. The cell frames can be a molded thermoplastic polymer or laminated thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer sheets. The bipolar electrode assemblies can include at least a pair of thermoplastic or thermosetting cell frame units which can be assembled with either a single gasket or a polymer adhesive.

Abstract: The invention discloses a novel structure for an expandable anode to be used in diaphragm cells. This new structure comprises a conductor bar in the form of a copper core provided with a titanium layer having a first and a second pair of flexible expanders fixed thereto. The welding points of the second pair of expanders are positioned orthogonally with respect to the welding points of the first pair of expanders along the circumference of the conductor bar. Also the anode surfaces are connected by welding points to the pairs of expanders. The anode of the invention may be both a new anode and a conventional existing anode having only a first pair of expanders whereto the second pair of expanders is attached. With the device of the present invention the ohmic drop between the conductor bar and the anode surface is substantially decreased and further there is no risk of damaging the interface between the copper core and the titanium coating by an excessive thermal stress, due to the welding procedures.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for producing acidic water and alkaline water is disclosed. High-purity acidic water and high-purity alkaline water can be produced in a well balanced proportion from ultrapure water which is supplied in the minimum amount necessary for producing the desired acidic and alkaline waters using the minimum amount of electricity. The electrolytic cell includes an electrolytic acidic-water production unit 3 comprising an anode chamber 6 and an auxiliary cathode chamber 7 separated therefrom by a first ion-exchange membrane 5, and an electrolytic alkaline-water production unit 4 comprising a cathode chamber 10 and an auxiliary anode chamber 9 separated therefrom by a second ion-exchange membrane 8. Separately controllable power supplies are also provided for supplying power to each of the two units. The supply amount of pure water and the amount of electricity used can be fixed according to the desired amounts of acidic and alkaline waters.

Abstract: Describes a method of electrochemically converting amine hydrohalide, e.g., ethyleneamine hydrochloride, into free amine, e.g., free ethyleneamine. A three compartment electrolytic cell is provided having (1) a catholyte compartment containing a cathode assembly comprising a cathode and an anion exchange membrane, (2) an anode compartment containing an anode assembly comprising either (a) a hydrogen consuming gas diffusion anode and a current collecting electrode or (b) a hydrogen consuming gas diffusion anode which is fixedly held between a hydraulic barrier and a current collecting electrode, and (3) an intermediate compartment separated from the catholyte and anode compartments by the anion exchange membrane and either (i) the hydrogen consuming gas diffusion anode or (ii) the hydraulic barrier respectively.

Abstract: Describes a method of electreochemically converting amine hydrohalide, e.g., amine hydrochloride, into free amine, e.g., free ethyleneamine. An electrolytic cell is provided having (1) a catholyte compartment containing a cathode assembly comprising a cathode and a bipolar ion exchange membrane, (2) an anode compartment containing an anode assembly comprising either (a) a hydrogen consuming gas diffusion anode and a current collecting electrode or (b) a hydrogen consuming gas diffusion anode which is fixedly held between a hydraulic barrier and a current collecting electrode, and (3) at least one pair of intermediate compartments separating the catholyte and anode compartments and separated from each other by an anion exchange membrane.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for carrying out an electrolytic process produces clean gases, such as oxygen and hydrogen. For this purpose, a porous diaphragm is arranged between the cathode and the anode of an electrolyzer, and a liquid electrolyte is fixed in the pores of the cathode and anode. A first gas chamber adjoins the cathode, while a second gas chamber adjoins the anode, and an educt chamber is separated from the first gas chamber by a membrane. An aqueous, non-corrosive solution of salts of inorganic and organic acids or mixtures of water with organic additives is used as an educt, which, compared with the electrolyte, has a higher partial water vapor pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolysis cell for percolating a solution in order to perform a chemical reaction, such as the cathodic reduction of a metal cation.This cell includes for example a bed of cathodically biased particles 31, a plurality of counter-electrodes 33, located at the periphery of the bed of particles and anodically biased and an additional counter-electrode 38, anodically biased and located at the center of the bed.This arrangement allows to modify the electrode potential inside the bed, in order to avoid the unwanted electrochemical reactions.

Abstract: This invention has as its object to obtain a compact solid high polymer electrolytic module having a large electrolytic reaction capacity. An electrolytic membrane (20) is constituted in such a manner that strip-shaped anodes (23) and strip-shaped cathodes (22) are formed at a predetermined interval opposite to each other on both the surfaces of a belt-shaped solid high polymer electrolytic membrane (21). A frame (30) is constituted in such a manner that feeding terminals (33a, 33b) are formed on a pair of side edges (31a, 31b) of a frame member (31) having an opening (32) on one side. A plurality of frames (30) are stacked such that the openings (32) alternately face upward and downward. The electrolytic membrane (20) is folded at counter edges (31c) of the frames (30) and held between the adjacent frames (30) , thereby constituting a stereoscopically corrugated structure in a stacking direction of the frames (30).

Abstract: An improvement is proposed in the cleaning treatment of semiconductor silicon wafers in which the conventional step of cleaning with an aqueous solution of an acid is replaced with a cleaning treatment with a temporarily acidic pure water which is produced electrolytically by the application of a DC voltage between an anode and a cathode bonded to the surfaces of a hydrogen-ion exchange membrane so that the acidic cleaning treatment can be performed under mild conditions so as to eliminate the troubles unavoidable in the conventional process. The apparatus used therefor comprises a rectangular vessel partitioned into a central anode compartment, in which the wafers are held in a vertical disposition within an upflow of pure water, and a pair of cathode compartments on both sides of the anode compartment by partitioning with a pair of hydrogen-ion exchange membranes, on both sides of which an anode plate and a cathode plate are bonded.

Abstract: An improvement is proposed in the cleaning treatment of semiconductor silicon wafers in which the conventional step of cleaning with an aqueous solution of an alkali is replaced with a cleaning treatment with a temporarily alkaline pure water which is produced electrolytically by the application of a DC voltage between a cathode and an anode bonded to the surfaces of a hydrogen-ion exchange membrane so that the alkaline cleaning treatment can be performed under mild conditions so as to eliminate the troubles due to formation of COPs unavoidable in the conventional process. In addition, the pure water rinse following the alkali cleaning of the wafers before transfer to the succeeding acidic cleaning step can be omitted to greatly contribute to the improvement of productivity.

Abstract: A hexagonal and pentagonal molecular structure water making apparatus includes an upper water reservoir disposed at a predetermined portion of the refrigerating chamber of the refrigerator, a hexagonal and pentagonal molecular structure water generating section for generating hexagonal and pentagonal molecular structure water by electrolysis of water from the upper water reservoir, a hexagonal and pentagonal molecular structure water storing section for storing hexagonal and pentagonal molecular structure water generated at the hexagonal and pentagonal molecular structure water generating section, and a freezing container for storing hexagonal molecular structure water after receiving water stored at the hexagonal molecular structure water storing reservoir of the hexagonal molecular structure water storing section through a connecting pipe. The hexagonal and pentagonal molecular structure water have useful effects for preventing adult diseases.

Abstract: The invention includes an electrolytic cell for gas-developing or gas-consuming electrolytic reactions and processes, and an electrolysis process therefor. According to the invention, the capillary slit electrode has conduits enabling the separate flow of reaction gas and electrolyte/permeate in the electrode. The electrode is preferably hydrophilic in a narrow internal region for mounting on a separator, while elsewhere it is hydrophobic. Thus electrolyte/permeate penetrates only into the region of the capillary slit electrode near the separator, while the region away from the separator remains free of electrolyte/permeate, so facilitating the unimpeded flow of the reaction gas. The invention is applicable especially in electrolytic cells for chlor-alkali or hydrogen electrolysis, and in the construction of cells for the generation of power.

Abstract: An ionized water stably maintaining a strong pH value for a long period is manufactured. Plural electrolytic cells disposing cylindrical cathodes and anodes across a cylindrical electrolytic diaphragm with a bottom made of clay ceramics are disposed in an electrolytic bath. Alkaline ionized water produced in the electrolytic diaphragm is supplied into the electrolytic diaphragm of the adjacent electrolytic cell, and electrolyzed in the electrolytic cell. In the electrolytic diaphragm of each electrolytic cell, crystalline clay minerals are dissolved, and alkaline ionized water of high intensity is sequentially produced, and at the outside of the electrolytic diaphragm of each electrolytic cell, crystalline clay minerals are dissolved, and acidic ionized water of high intensity is sequentially produced.

Abstract: A mono-polar pre-filter electrolyzer comprises a plurality of cathode elements, each of which is composed of a cathode element receiver and a cathode screen; a plurality of anode elements, which are arranged with the cathode elements alternately and face to face, and each of which is composed of an anode element receiver, a conductive anode frame screen having an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface and received in the anode element receiver, and power-supply rods positioned longitudinally in the conductive anode frame screen with spaces from the inner circumferential surface of the anode frame screen; a plurality of independent membranes, which each are positioned between one anode element and one cathode element arranged face to face; a plurality of tension rods, which pass through all above components and fix them together; an anode bus, which is positioned at the bottom of the electrolyzer; the power-supply rods extend downward from the anode element receivers to electrically

Abstract: There are provided a gaseous-diffusion electrode which can exhibit sufficient gas-supplying ability and gas-discharging ability and an excellent durability even when partly immersed in an electrolysis solution; and an electrochemical reactor using the gaseous-diffusion electrode. A porous membrane 15 which is permeable to gas but not to an electrolysis solution is fixed to the surface of the gaseous-diffusion layer 13 of a gaseous-diffusion electrode 11 obtained by joining a reaction layer 12 supporting a catalyst metal and a gaseous-diffusion layer 13 to each other, so as to cover the surface of the gaseous-diffusion layer 13. When a gas passageway member 17 serving as gas passageway to the gaseous-diffusion layer 13 is inserted between the surface of the gaseous-diffusion layer 13 and the porous membrane 15, the gas-supplying ability and the gas-discharging ability becomes greatly improved.

Abstract: A cell structure for electrolyzer units and fuel cells, comprising an electrolyte-permeable diaphragm, one metallic, electrolyte-permeable electrode respectively on either side of the diaphragm, an electrically conductive bipolar cell partition respectively which bounds the cell, one electrically conductive structure respectively between the electrode and the cell partition which acts as an elastic spacer and current supply, and a frame construction which encloses the cell on the circumference side. The diaphragm is constructed as a flat plate, with layer-type electrodes resting directly on it and integrally connected with it. The cell partitions are constructed of sheet metal, if necessary, with spacers. The spaces between the electrodes and the cell partitions are at least partially filled with lamellar structures which are axially and perpendicularly fluid-permeable and rest against the electrodes.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell construction in which the cell includes at least one anode and cathode, and a separator therebetween held under a compressive force by a frame assembly. The anodes and cathode are provided with a portion for electrical connection to an electric connector plate. The electric connector plate is positioned in contact with a respective anode and cathode. The compressive force of the frame assembly which holds the components of the cell in compression to provide a fluid tight seal simultaneously serves to apply a force between the electrical connector plates and their respective anode or cathode to hold the electrical connector plates in contact therewith. Preferably spring means are provided for biasing the electrical connector plates and the portions of the anode and cathode for connection to the plate into engagement with each other.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrolytic ion water generator for producing alkali ion water containing alkali ions and acid ion water containing acid ions by introducing tap water or the like into an electrolytic cell comprising electrodes and ion exchange membranes arranged alternately which electrolyze the electrolytes in the water.Electrolytic cell unit panels having the same shape are constructed by attaching the electrode plate and ion exchange membrane onto each synthetic resin frame. The electrolytic cell unit panels are layered in a water-tight manner facing the front sides to front sides and the rear sides to rear sides via O-rings. A water-inlet external cover is attached at one end of the layered electrolytic cell unit panels, and a water-outlet external cover is attached at the other end of the layered electrolytic cell unit panels in a water-tight manner to secure the total assembly.

Abstract: There is disclosed a two-chambered electrocell comprising one or a plurality of anode chambers, a crude flow inlet and a crude flow outlet communicating with the anode chamber, one or a plurality of cathode chambers, and a catholyte outlet communicating with the cathode chamber, wherein cylindrical anodes are located in the anode chamber, wherein the anode chamber is defined by a membrane having a first side and a second side, wherein the first side of the membrane communicates with crude fluid circulating within the anode chamber, and wherein the second side of the membrane is supported by a plurality of support members, wherein a pressure of crude fluid in the anode chamber deflects the membrane between the support members toward the cathode to form a crude flow path having a constantly changing direction, and wherein the cathode chamber is defined by the second side of the membrane and the two-chambered electrocell, and the support members and a cathode are located in the cathode chamber.

Abstract: An electric jumper switch means for electric current bypass of at least one electrolyzer consisting of individual electrolysis cells, out of a plurality of monopolar electrolyzers connected in series to an electrical power source characterized in that said jumper switch means comprises a multiplicity of first extension arms suitable for connection to the anodic contact point of each individual cell of the electrolyzer preceding the electrolyzer to be bypassed and a multiplicity of second extension arms suitable for connection to the cathodic contact point of each individual cell of the electrolyzer immediately following the electrolyzer to be bypassed, said jumper switch means comprising a resistor means to provide a uniform reduction of the current flow in the individual cells of the electrolyzer to be bypassed without a shift of electrical current in the adjacent cells of the electrolyzers immediately preceding and following the electrolyzer to be bypassed and a method of shutting down an electrolyzer in a

Abstract: A membrane-electrode structure for use in an electrochemical cell comprising an ion exchange membrane with a cathode layer and an intermediate layer between the cathode and the membrane. The intermediate layer comprises about 5 to 80% by weight of inorganic solid particles and about 95 to 20% by weight of an ionic conductive polymeric binder.

Abstract: A porous or nonporous hydrophilic, insoluble electrolyte allows a reducing condition to be produced at a negative electrode from a low content of moisture in the electrolyte and reduces oxidants by catalyzed production of water. A constant current with a low voltage is applied between a positive catalyzed electrode and a negative catalyzed electrode, each separated by a hydrophilic, insoluble, cationic exchange electrolyte therebetween containing moisture. The cell may consist of corrugated sheets of electrolyte, opposite sides of which may carry the catalytic electrode material; air to be treated is moved across the negative electrode only.

Abstract: Frame unit for an electrolyser of the filter-press type, comprising a vertical metal sheeting (1), a peripheral frame made up of two vertical uprights (2, 3) and of two horizontal lengthwise members (4, 5) and a metal sheet (6) covering the sheeting (1) and the two uprights (2, 3), the two lengthwise members (4, 5) being made of the same material as the sheet (6), being inserted between the uprights (2, 3) and being firmly attached to the sheet (6). Electrolysers of the filter-press type comprising this frame unit.

Abstract: Frame unit for an electrolyser of the filter-press type, comprising a vertical frame (1) defining an electrolysis chamber (13), an electrode in the electrolysis chamber, comprising a pair of vertical metal sheets (6) arranged facing each other, horizontal or oblique metal rails (7) arranged between the sheets (6), and U-shaped or V-shaped vertical metal beams (8) inserted between the rails and the sheets, the beams (8) being arranged in pairs, symmetrically on either side of the rails (7), and being connected to each other by vertical plates (11) which join the rails (7) so as to form vertical ducts (12) in the chamber 13.

Abstract: A filter plate press or an electrolyzer cell has a series of filter plates or cell frames, respectively, which are moved as a stack against a press or cell headpiece by a follower moved by one or more rodded cylinders mounted on a fixed bracket. Scissors mechanisms extending on each side of the press/cell holder and between the bracket and follower assure precise parallel movement of the follower with respect to the headpiece. To accommodate any cumulative errors in the stack dimensions the scissor mechanisms are disengageable upon closure of the press/cell holder so that the follower has freedom to match the abutting surface of the plate/cell frame stack and thus evenly seal the abutting peripheral edges of the plates/cell frames.

Abstract: The invention is an electrode at least having a primary hydraulically permeable electrode member with a multiplicity of spaced apart depressions projecting a predetermined distance from the plane of the electrode. The invention also includes an electrolytic cell using the electrode and a method for electrolyzing an electrolyte using the cell.

Abstract: In an electrolyzer comprising individual cells which are geometrically arranged one behind the other and consist each of two metallic partitions disposed between the cell and the adjacent cells, a diaphragm disposed between the partitions, and apertured electrodes which are mounted on both sides of and spaced from the diaphragm, a protection against short circuits and corrosion is afforded in that spacers consisting of a non-metallic high-melting hard material and firmly joined to the electrodes have been inserted into the space that is defined by the electrode and the diaphragm.

Abstract: An apparatus for uniformly pressing a plurality of flat plate-type structures together comprising a first and second vertical support means, a pair of side rails spaced apart and supported on the support means, the side rails being perpendicular to the support means and adapted to support flat plate-like structures, a plurality of flat plate-like structures with hanger members to slidably and pivotably mount the structures on the side rails, a vertical mobile platen provided with top and bottom hanger members connected to a press means adapted for pressing the mobile platen against and toward the flat plate-type structures to compress them together and retracting the mobile platen from the plate-like structures, the press means comprising at least one coiled spring, a first contactor plate attached to the mobile platen and a second contactor plate attached to a positioning device secured to one of the support means and a first and second guide chamber for directing the positioning device and coiled spring per

Abstract: A zero gravity phase separation water electrolysis system (FIG. 1) for producing hydrogen and oxygen in gaseous form from water, in which the hydrogen output (12), which includes proton water, is fed first to a hydrophilic separator (10), or some other form of a phase preferential, porous separator (such as a hydrophobic separator or a combination of the two; FIG. 5), and then to an electrochemical separator (100), for separating the hydrogen gas from the proton water, with no significant parasitic loss and without the need for venting. The two separators can be stacked and integrated together with the hydrophilic material layer (10A; FIG. 4) of the hydrophilic separator forming the top of the electrochemical separator. The electrochemical separator includes a solid polymer membrane (101) of a sulfonated fluorocarbon sandwiched between two platinum electrodes (102/103).

Abstract: A combination electrolysis cell gasket member and membrane holding member suitable for use in an electrolytic cells of the filter press type including a solid structure in a picture frame type configuration having an inside and outside perimeter surface, said solid structure having a groove in the outside perimeter surface forming a U-shaped member when viewed in cross section and adapted for holding the edges of a sheet-like member therein. Aqueous alkali metal chloride solution may be electrolyzed in the electrolytic cell.

Abstract: A combination electrolysis cell seal member and electrolysis cell frame cover member suitable for use as a gasket/cover member in an electrolytic cell of the filter press type. The gasket/cover member used for a filter press-type electrolytic cell includes two gasket/cover load-bearing sections integral with a peripheral frame cover section. The gasket load-bearing sections contains a first and second side. The first side contacts a electrolysis cell membrane member and the second side contacts an electrolysis cell frame member. The membrane is interposed between two electrolysis cell frame members each having a gasket/cover member secured thereto.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of carrying out a mobile atom insertion reaction, such as a hydrogen insertion reaction, for the synthesis of reduced, hydrogenated compounds. Such reactions include the production of ammonia and hydrazine from nitrogen, formic acid and methanol from carbon dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide from oxygen. The insertion reactions are carried out at a bipolar mobile atom transmissive membrane comprising a membrane formed of a mobile atom pump material, as a hydrogen pump material, conductive atom transmissive means on one surface of the membrane and conductive atom transmissive means on the opposite surface of the membrane. The mobile atom, such as hydrogen, diffuses across the membrane, to provide a source of hydrogen on the insertion reaction side of the membrane. The insertion reaction side of the membrane is positively biased with respect to a counterelectrode so that a reactant molecule, such as carbon dioxide, is electrosorbed on that surface of the membrane.

Abstract: A membrane unit for use in an electrolytic cell comprising a combination of a membrane material and a reinforcing material around only the gasket-bearing surface of the membrane material. Damage to the gasket bearing surface of the membrane structure is minimized when the membrane unit is employed in, for example, electrolytic cells of the filter press-type.

Abstract: A method and device for installing gasket members between two adjacent flat plate structures including removably attaching a gasket member on each side of a frame member to form a frame member and gasket member assembly, interposing the frame member and gasket member assembly between at least two cell frame members disposed adjacent to each other, and contacting the flat plate structures with the frame member and gasket member assembly such that the gasket members adhere diametrically opposed to each other on the flat plate structures. The frame member includes a rib portion around the outer periphery of the frame member, the rib portion forming a pair of shoulders opposite each other and facing away from each other and adapted for receiving a pair of gasket members such that the gasket members contact the rib portion and protrude a predetermined distance beyond the shoulder members.

Abstract: A combination seal and tentering member suitable for use as a gasket in an electrolytic cell of the filter press type and suitable for tentering a membrane used in the electrolytic cell. The seal/tentering member used in the filter press type electrolytic cell includes a first portion generally rectangular in cross section, having parallel top and bottom walls and first and second vertical parallel side walls, and a second flange portion integral with the first portion generally rectangular in cross section having a top and bottom wall and first and second parallel side walls, said second portion having top and bottom walls of a smaller length such that the seal/tentering member forms a "P-shaped" parameter viewed in cross section, said bottom of first portion and top of second portion being a contiguous boundary and said first side wall of said second portion and said first side wall of said first portion is substantially the same wall.

Abstract: A membrane unit for use in an electrolytic cell comprising a combination of a first layer of membrane material and a second layer including a sealing material and a metallic insert around only the gasket-bearing surface of the membrane material. Damage to the gasket-bearing surface of the membrane structure is minimized when the membrane unit is employed in, for example, electrolytic cells of the filter press-type.

Abstract: An electrical contact to a porous metal layer forming an anode of a diaphragm cell in a stack of such cells, is established by sintering a plurality of metal platelets into the porous metal layer. Preferably, the sintering-in of the platelets takes place simultaneously with the sintering of the porous metal layer. Each platelet is provided with an electrical contact metal pin extending out of the porous metal layer.

Abstract: A special, easy to use, economical frame is provided to quickly and efficiently align water purification cells in a vertical stack. The dependable, effective frame has moveable side and back posts and convenient crank or slide rod adjustments.

Abstract: An electrolysis flat plate cell frame separating device for changing out one or more cells, gaskets and/or membranes from a stack in a flat plate membrane cell electrolyzer without having to shift other cells one at a time and a method of use.

Abstract: A diaphragm cell cathode assembly has improved current distribution to a tube sheet distributing electrical current to cathode tubes. Electrical current is fed to the diaphragm cell assembly by grid bars connected to side plates. The current must then flow the side plates to the inner tube sheets, the tube sheets and side plates being generally in spaced apart, planar parallel relationship to one another. Assembly temperature uniformity, as well as temperature reduction, is now enhanced by providing supplemental distributor bars at the upper and lower regions of the grid bars, and in electrical connection between side plates and tube sheets.

Abstract: Filter press structure or cell and method of assembling the component parts, e.g. the component parts of an electrolytic cell, on a support structure of a pair of support rods, in which the component parts have pairs of jaws to be positioned on the support rods, and in which each pair of jaws is so shaped that one jaw may be positioned on a support rod only when the component part is at an angle to the plane between the support rods, the method comprising positioning a jaw on a support rod and rotating the component part to contact the other jaw with the other support rod. The method is simple to operate and results in the component parts of the structure being firmly fixed in position, yet it permits ready removal of a component part.