Abstract: A system to vent a moist gas stream is disclosed. The system includes an enclosure and an electrochemical cell disposed within the enclosure, the electrochemical cell productive of the moist gas stream. A first vent is in fluid communication with the electrochemical cell for venting the moist gas stream to an exterior of the enclosure, and a second vent is in fluid communication with an interior of the enclosure and in thermal communication with the first vent for discharging heated air to the exterior of the enclosure. At least a portion of the discharging heated air is for preventing freezing of the moist gas stream within the first vent.

Abstract: A low-voltage, low-energy electrochemical system and method of removing protons and/or producing a base solution using a gas diffusion anode and a cathode electrolyte comprising dissolved carbon dioxide, while applying 2V or less across the anode and cathode.

Abstract: A low-voltage, low-energy electrochemical system and method of producing hydroxide ions and/or bicarbonate ions and/or carbonate ions utilizing significantly less than the typical 3V used across the conventional anode and cathode to produce the ions; consequently, carbon dioxide emissions attributable to the present system and method are significantly reduced.

Abstract: An electrochemical system comprising a cathode electrolyte comprising added carbon dioxide and contacting a cathode; and a first cation exchange membrane separating the cathode electrolyte from an anode electrolyte contacting an anode; and an electrochemical method comprising adding carbon dioxide into a cathode electrolyte separated from an anode electrolyte by a first cation exchange membrane; and producing an alkaline solution in the cathode electrolyte and an acid.

Abstract: A membrane electrolysis cell comprising an anodic compartment and a cathodic compartment is described, wherein at least one of the two compartments contains an electrode fed with gas and a porous planar element is interposed between the membrane and the gas-fed electrode. A flow of chemically aggressive electrolyte crosses the porous planar element downwards under the effect of the gravity force. The planar element consists in a plastic element withstanding the aggressive operative conditions: The use of perfluorinated plastics such as ECTFE, PTEFE, FEP, PFA is preferred, even though they are strongly hydrophobic. When the gas-fed electrode is a cathode and the gas contains oxygen, the gas crosses the cathodic compartment upwardly so as to minimize the risk of hydrogen build up. The cell equipped with the oxygen cathode is particularly advantageous for the sodium chloride electrolysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrochemical gas generator including a substrate for providing a surface for electrode deposition, a first electrode deposited on the surface for providing an electrical connection with a conducting medium, a second electrode deposited on the substrate for generating a gas, and a plurality of members extending from at least one side of the first electrode placed alternately with a plurality of extensions protruding from at least one side of the second electrode for improving generator efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell for generating sterilized water in which lead wires having cathode and anode are alternately wound on a body in the horizontal direction, the cell is disposed in plural in the vertical direction to the flow of water by a given distance so that a plasma reaction is generated between both lead wires wound on the cell in the linear direction along the lead wires thereby increasing reaction efficiency per surface area of the cell.

Abstract: A system for pumping a gas stream containing a combustible gas comprises a solid oxide ionic conducting membrane (20) and a vacuum pump (36) for drawing the gas stream at a sub-atmospheric pressure to one side of the membrane. The other side of the membrane is exposed to an oxidising gas, and a potential difference is applied across the membrane so that reactive oxidising species permeate across the membrane to react with the combustible gas to produce at least water vapour. The gas stream is subsequently received by the vacuum pump (36). The vacuum pump may have a pumping mechanism that exposes the gas stream to water and wherein the water vapour is condensed from the gas stream. Alternatively, a condenser (14) may be provided between the pump and the membrane for condensing the water vapour from the gas stream.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating gas by electrolysis of a liquid comprises an electrolysis cell, and first, second and third chambers. Liquid for supply to the electrolysis cell is stored in the first chamber. The second chamber contains liquid which is a product of the electrolysis reaction and is enriched with a first gaseous product of the electrolysis reaction, and has an outlet for controlled release of the first gaseous product. The third chamber contains liquid which is a product of the electrolysis reaction and is enriched with a second gaseous product of the electrolysis reaction, and has an outlet for controlled release of the third gaseous product. A first channel which connects the first and second chambers, and a second channel which connects the second and third chambers.

Abstract: A cooking appliance comprising an electrolyzer which produces a combustible fuel, a burner downstream from the electrolyzer, and, an electrically heatable cooking surface on which food is receivable for cooking, the electrically heatable cooking surface being operable simultaneously with the electrolyzer.

Abstract: A gas diffusion layer with a micro protective layer is utilized in the electrochemical cells. The cell mainly includes end plates, current collectors, flow field plates, gas diffusion layers, catalyst layers, a proton exchange membrane and a circuit unit. When the cell functions as a fuel cell, hydrogen reacts with oxygen to generate electricity and water. Reversely, when the cell functions as a water electrolysis cell, water was decomposed electrolytically to produce hydrogen and oxygen gases. In this manner, the present invention particularly has the gas diffusion layer to be coated with a micro protective layer so as to prevent the gas diffusion layer from being corroded by active oxygen species generated within the oxygen electrode under the catalysis during water electrolysis operation.

Abstract: A stack, to be used in a fuel cell or electrolyzer, includes a collector layer, at least one diffusion layer and at least one anchoring layer. The collector layer being a metal foil or metal plate or foamed metal sheet, the diffusion layer can be a metal mesh or expanded metal sheet. An anchoring layer having a thickness of less than 0.5 mm can include metal fibers and be sintered between the collector layer and the diffusion layer.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for the production of hydrogen peroxide with faradic efficiency and a method for the production of highly pure hydrogen peroxide with high faradic efficiency are disclosed. The cell is provided with a separator of high hydraulic permeability and is equipped with an oxygen-fed gas-diffusion cathode and with an anode activated with a catalyst for oxygen evolution. The high faradic efficiency of hydrogen peroxide generation is allowed by the dilution of product hydrogen peroxide by the anolyte crossing the permeable separator, and by keeping the operating temperature at values below 50° C.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for producing hydrogen peroxide includes an anode, a cathode and an intermediate membrane. The anode is associated with a first electrolyte and the cathode is associated with a second electrolyte. The use of two electrolytes associated with the respective electrodes permits the user to select the most suitable salt solutions for each electrode and so avoid production of gases and by-products unsuitable for a domestic environment. Thus, the electrolytic cell is suitable for use in an automatic dishwasher.

Abstract: A method of pumping fluid including the steps of providing an electrokinetic pump comprising a pair of double-layer capacitive electrodes having a capacitance of at least 10?2 Farads/cm2 and being connectable to a power source, a porous dielectric material disposed between the electrodes and a reservoir containing pump fluid; connecting the electrodes to a power source; and moving pump fluid out of the reservoir substantially without the occurrence of Faradaic processes in the pump. The invention also includes an electrokinetic pump system having a pair of double-layer capacitive electrodes having a capacitance of at least 10?2 Farads/cm2; a porous dielectric material disposed between the electrodes; a reservoir containing pump fluid; and a power source connected to the electrodes; the electrodes, dielectric material and power source being adapted to move the pump fluid out of the reservoir substantially without the occurrence of Faradaic processes in the pump.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a system and a method for the production of hydrogen. The system advantageously combines an independent high temperature heat source with a solid oxide electrolyzer cell and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is used to extract heat from the molecular components such as hydrogen derived from the electrolysis. A portion of the hydrogen generated in the solid oxide electrolyzer cell is recombined with steam and recycled to the solid oxide electrolyzer cell. The oxygen generated on the anode side is swept with compressed air and used to drive a gas turbine that is in operative communication with a generator. Electricity generated by the generator is used to drive the electrolysis in the solid oxide electrolyzer cell.

Abstract: A PEM based water electrolysis stack consists of a number of cells connected in series by using interconnects. Water and electrical power (power supply) are the external inputs to the stack. Water supplied to the oxygen electrodes through flow fields in interconnects is dissociated into oxygen and protons. The protons are transported through the polymer membrane to the hydrogen electrodes, where they combine with electrons to form hydrogen gas. If the electrolysis stack is required to be used exclusively as an oxygen generator, the hydrogen gas generated would have to be disposed off safely. The disposal of hydrogen would lead to a number of system and safety related issues, resulting in the limited application of the device as an oxygen generator. Hydrogen can be combusted to produce heat or better disposed off in a separate fuel cell unit which will supply electricity generated, to the electrolysis stack to reduce power input requirements.

Abstract: A device for conducting protons at a temperature below 550° C. includes a LAMOX ceramic body characterized by an alpha crystalline structure.

Abstract: An ionically conductive ceramic element includes a central unit (703). The central unit (703) is composed of a plurality of integrated manifold and tube modules (IMAT) (22) joined end to end along a central axis (A). Each IMAT module (22) has a tube support portion (804) and a plurality of tubes (802) extending from the first surface (803). The tubes (802) each have a closed end (805) and an open end. The second surface (807) is at least partially open to the atmosphere. The open ends of the tubes (802) are open to the atmosphere through the second surface (807). An interior space (830) is formed in the interior of the IMAT (22) for collecting a desired product gas. A collection tube (710) is operable joined with a first end (714) of the central unit (703) for transporting the desired product gas collected in the interior space (730) of the connected IMAT modules (22).

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for preparing a thin ceramic and/or metallic solid-state composition consisting of three phases: a material (A), a material (B) and pores. The concentration of each phase varies continuously from one face of the article to the other in a continuous and controlled gradient. The porous matrix of material (A) has a porosity gradient of 0% to about 80%, the pores being completely or partly filled with material (B). The concentration of material (B) in the article therefore varies from 80% to 0% of small thicknesses.

Abstract: An electrolysis cell, suitable for the electrochemical production of chlorine from aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride. The cell preferably comprises an anode space formed from an anode, an anode frame, and a back wall, the anode frame supporting the anode, and the anode space having an inlet and an outlet for the electrolyte, a cathode space formed from a current collector. The cell further preferably comprises a cathode frame and a back wall, the cathode frame supporting the current collector and the cathode space having an inlet and an outlet for the gas, a gas diffusion electrode arranged between anode and current collector and an cation exchange membrane arranged between anode and gas diffusion electrode, wherein the gas diffusion electrode is fixed on the current collector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for production of molten aluminium by electrolysis of an aluminous ore, preferably alumina, in a molten salt mixture, preferably a sodium fluoride—aluminium fluoride-based electrolyte. The invention describes an electrolysis cell for said production of aluminium by use of essentially inert electrodes in a vertical an/or inclined position, where said cell design facilitates separation of aluminium and evolved oxygen gas by providing a gas separation chamber (14) arranged in communication with the electrolysis chamber (22), thus establishing an electrolyte flow between the electrolysis chamber (22) and the gas separation chamber (14).

Abstract: Oxygen-consuming zero gap chlor-alkali cell was configured to minimize peroxide formation. The cell included an ion-exchange membrane that divided the cell into an anode chamber including an anode and a cathode chamber including an oxygen gas diffusion cathode. The cathode included a single-piece of electrically conducting graphitized carbon cloth. Catalyst and polytetrafluoroethylene were attached to only one side of the cloth. When the cathode was positioned against the cation exchange membrane with the catalyst side away from the membrane, electrolysis of sodium chloride to chlorine and caustic (sodium hydroxide) proceeded with minimal peroxide formation.

Abstract: A functional water containing a fluorine-containing component obtained by electrolyzing an aqueous solution containing fluoride ion using electrodes having conductive diamonds, a method of producing the same, and a method and an apparatus of rinsing electronic parts using the functional water as a rinsing water. The fluorine-containing component produced by electrolyzing the fluoride ion using the conductive diamond, has stronger rinsing effect than that of a fluorine-containing component obtained by electrolyzing the fluoride ion itself before electrolysis or the fluoride ion using other electrodes. Therefore, an amount of hydrofluoric acid used can greatly be decreased.

Abstract: Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and/or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor components, such as reactor cells, and electrochemical reactors are also described for transporting oxygen from any oxygen-containing gas to any gas or mixture of gases that consume oxygen. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by an element having a first surface capable of reducing oxygen to oxygen ions, a second surface capable of reacting oxygen ions with an oxygen-consuming gas, an electron-conductive path between the first and second surfaces and an oxygen ion-conductive path between the first and second surfaces. The element may further comprise (1) a porous substrate, (2) an electron-conductive metal, metal oxide or mixture thereof and/or (3) a catalyst.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for producing chlorine and basic hydrogen peroxide suitably includes an anode partition and a cathode partition separated by a membrane. The cathode partition is divided into a catholyte compartment and a gas plenum by a gas diffusion cathode. The anode partition electrolyzes alkali chloride received from the laser to produce free chlorine and alkali ions. The catholyte partition reduces oxygen received from the gas plenum through the cathode, and produces alkaline peroxide from the oxidized components combined with alkali ions received through the membrane from the anode partition. The cell is particularly useful in a fuel regeneration system (FRS) for a chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL).

Abstract: An electrolytic cell with an anode and cathode for the electrolysis of hydrochloric acid and brine is provided. The anodes and cathodes of the present invention are made of a bulk ceramic or intermetallic material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the generation and collection of an aqueous peracid solution at the cathode of a PEM electrolyzer. The electrochemical process introduces carboxylic acid (such as distilled table vinegar, lactic acid, citric acid or combinations) to the anode and a source of oxygen to the cathode. The PEM electrolyzer has a gas diffusion cathode having a cathodic electrocatalyst that is capable of hydrogen peroxide generation. The peracid solution is generated at the gas diffusion cathode and the solution is very pure and may be used for disinfecting or sterilizing various items or solutions. In a second embodiment, the carboxylic acid may be provided directly to the cathode, such as in the form of an acid vapor.

Abstract: A tandem cell or photoelectrochemical system for the cleavage of water to hydrogen and oxygen by visible light has two superimposed photocells, both cells being connected electrically. The photoactive material in the top cell is a semiconducting oxide placed in contact with an aqueous solution. This semiconducting oxide absorbs the blue and green part of the solar emission spectrum of a light source or light sources and generates with the energy collected oxygen and protons from water. The not absorbed yellow and red light transmits the top cell and enters a second photocell, the bottom cell, which is mounted, in the direction of the light behind, preferably directly behind the top cell. The bottom cell includes a dye-sensitized mesoporous photovoltaic film. The bottom cell converts the yellow, red and near infrared portion of the sunlight to drive the reduction of the protons, which are produced in the top cell during the photo catalytic water oxidation process, to hydrogen.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering at least two liquid media to consumers of a fuel cell system, with a feed pump is made less complicated than known apparatuses in that at least one pressure transmission unit between the at least two media is provided with at least one pressure transmission element, which has at least two pressure faces for pressure imposition that communicate with the liquid media.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film electrochemical apparatus is disclosed. A near net shape ceramic element is molded including a planar base region and a plurality of tubular regions. The planar base region is infiltrated with a non-conductive material. Each of the tubular regions is infiltrated with a porous conductive material. A porous catalytic electrode material is applied onto the infiltrated regions to form one of a cathodic and anodic surface. A ceramic electrolyte coating is deposited onto the porous catalytic electrode material. A porous catalytic electrode material is applied onto the deposited ceramic electrolyte coating. A porous conductive material is deposited onto the porous catalytic electrode to form the other of the cathodic and anodic surface.

Abstract: The activity of catalysts used in promoting the oxidation of certain oxidizable species in fluids can be enhanced via electrochemical methods, e.g., NEMCA. In particular, the activity of catalysts used in the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide can be enhanced. A purification system that exploits this effect is useful in purifying reformate supplied as fuel to a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack. The purification system comprises an electrolytic cell with fluid diffusion electrodes. The activity of catalyst incorporated in the cell anode is enhanced.

Abstract: The invention is an electrochemical cell for the separation of hydrogen and oxygen from water made of a fuel plenum with a fuel inlet, a oxidant plenum, a porous substrate, an undulating channel with walls, a support member between the walls, an anode and a cathode in the walls, an electrolyte contacting the anode and the cathode forming a barrier preventing transfer of fuel and oxidant to the cathode or to the anode, a two separate coatings on the porous substrate to prevent fuel or oxidant from entering the porous substrate, a sealant barrier to divide the two plenums, and a negative electrical and a positive electrical connection on the side of the porous substrate for flowing current from an outside source to the porous substrate.

Abstract: A system is for supplying a generator with hydrogen, in particular a generator of a power generating plant. The system offers a high level of safety while at the same time making handling easy. The system includes a closed system cycle for carrying water and/or gas and a hydrogen feed line, branching off from the system cycle, for the generator. The system cycle includes an electrolysis unit designed as a membrane electrolyzer.

Abstract: An electrochemical half-cell, in particular for the electrochemical production of chlorine from aqueous solutions of an alkaline metal chloride, comprising at least

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrochemical half-cell for preparing chlorine from aqueous alkali chloride solutions, comprising an electrode chamber (17) designed to contain an electrolyte. Said half-cell also comprises several gas pockets (26, 27, 28, 29) which are separated from the electrode chamber (17) by a gas-diffusing electrode (5). The invention is characterized in that said half-cell includes a support element (21), for supporting the gas pockets (26, 27, 28, 29), which is adjacent over its entire surface to the rear wall (20) of the pockets (26, 27, 28, 29) or which constitutes the rear wall (20) of said gas pockets (26, 27, 28, 29).

Abstract: An electrochemical half cell comprises a gas diffusion electrode (22) that serves as an anode or cathode and separates an electrode space from a gas space (2). In addition, a number of gas pockets (2) are provided that are formed by the gas diffusion electrode (22) and a rear wall (5). A gas connecting channel (1) that connects two gas pockets to one another is provided through which the gas flows via a gas supply connection (3) into the gas pocket located thereabove. In order to be able to easily detach the connection, the gas supply connection (3) is accessible from the side of the gas diffusion electrode (22).

Abstract: An electrolytic cell and process for the simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous ion. The electrolytic cell has an anode chamber housing an insoluble anode capable of oxidizing halide ion, a cathode chamber housing a gas diffusion cathode capable of oxidizing an oxygen-containing gas to produce hydrogen peroxide, a membrane separating the anode and cathode chambers, and means for supplying water containing halide ion to the anode chamber and an oxygen-containing gas and an electrolyte to the cathode chamber, whereby hypohalide and hydrogen peroxide are produced in the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, respectively. Also disclosed is a process for treating water using the electrolytic cell.

Abstract: A hydrogen-fueled motor vehicle including at least one hydrogen-fueled locomotion subsystem and at least one refuelable hydrogen generator operative to supply hydrogen fuel to the hydrogen-fueled locomotion subsystem on demand. The refuelable hydrogen generator includes at least one electrochemical reactor operative to generate the hydrogen fuel from water on demand and a refueling subsystem providing at least one of water, electrolyte, hydrogen, a metal containing material and electrical power to the electrochemical reactor. A refueling method is also provided.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell and method of electrolysis for producing hydrogen peroxide at a moderate current density while preventing metal deposition on the cathode surface. A feed water from which multivalent metal ions have been removed and in which a salt of a univalent metal, e.g., sodium sulfate, has been dissolved in a given concentration is prepared with an apparatus for removing multivalent metal ions and dissolving a salt in low concentration. The feed water is supplied to an electrolytic cell. Even when electrolysis is continued, almost no deposition of a hydroxide or carbonate occurs on the cathode because multivalent metal ions are not present in the electrolytic solution. Due to the dissolved salt, a sufficient current density is secured to prevent an excessive load from being imposed on the electrodes, etc. Thus, stable production of hydrogen peroxide is possible over a long period of time.

Abstract: High-purity hydrogen is recovered from a pyrolysis gas, composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, produced by pyrolysis of an organic material such as biomass. A method for producing such high-purity hydrogen includes supplying a reducing gas produced by pyrolysis of an organic material to an anode side of a high-temperature steam electrolyzer having a diaphragm comprising solid oxide electrolyte; and supplying steam to a cathode side of the high-temperature steam electrolyzer to produce hydrogen and oxygen by electrolytic action. The oxygen produced in the cathode side of the high-temperature electrolyzer passes through the diaphragm and reacts with the reducing gas to create concentration gradient of oxygen ion, thus lowering electrolysis voltage.

Abstract: A system and method for producing dry gas, such as methane or carbon dioxide, incorporates an electrochemical device that removes water and hydrogen from a mixed gas stream. The electrochemical device uses one electrochemical cell to strip hydrogen and water from the mixed gas stream and a second electrochemical cell, combined with a dry feed stream, to remove any residual water from the mixed stream and produce pure, dry gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolysis device, comprising at least one horizontal electrolytic cell with a housing (6) and an anode (8) that has a membrane or a diaphragm (18), and a cathode (9) that has a gas diffusion electrode (17). The device further comprises supply (21) and discharge (23) means for gas (3) which lead to or away from the gas chamber (22) of the cathode (9), and supply (16; 19) and discharge (16; 20) means for electrolytes (1) which lead to or away from the first electrolytic chamber (4) and to or away from the second electrolytic chamber (5). The anode (8) and the membrane or the diaphragm (18) have at least one respective opening for the supply (19) of electrolytes (1) to the second electrolytic chamber (5), and at least one one further opening for the discharge (20) of electrolytes from the second electrolytic chamber.

Abstract: A level sensing system includes a flow control device disposed in fluid communication with a liquid outlet stream of a hydrogen/water phase separation apparatus and a controller disposed in operable communication with the flow control device. The controller is configured to receive and quantify input data corresponding to a measure of the rate of generation of hydrogen gas from a proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell. A method of maintaining a liquid level in the hydrogen/water phase separation apparatus includes deriving the rate of generation of hydrogen gas from the electrolysis cell, transmitting a value corresponding to the rate of generation to the flow control device, and adjusting the flow rate of the liquid exiting the hydrogen/water phase separation apparatus correspondingly with the rate of generation of hydrogen gas.

Abstract: An oxygen-depolarised cathode for aqueous hydrchloric acid electrolysis membrane cells is described, the cathode being in contact with the membrane and capable of preventing the release of hydrogen into oxygen even at the highest current densities. Hydrochloric acid may also be of technical grade with a concentration limited to 15%, whereas the operating temperature must not exceed 60° C. The cathode contains a mixture of rhodium sulphide and a metal of the platinum group applied in a single layer or alternatively applied separately in two distinct layers.

Abstract: Improved methods and devices for the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide employing redox catalysts in a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode assembly in a semi-chemical/electrochemical system for the production of high purity, stable, usually acidic, aqueous solutions of peroxide at high conversion efficiencies without requiring organic solvents.

Abstract: An oxygen-concentrating equipment comprising an oxygen-concentrating means for separating oxygen from air and concentrating the oxygen, a humidifying means for humidifying the oxygen-concentrated air produced by said oxygen-concentrating means, and an oxygen-supplying means for supplying the humidified oxygen-concentrated air to a user, characterized in that said humidifying means has at least a cation-conducting solid electrolyte membrane equipped with electrodes on both the sides of the membrane and an electric source for applying an electric current to said electrodes.

Abstract: An ozone water producing apparatus comprises: a gas-liquid mixing vessel having a water-discharging port near the bottom and a gas-discharging port at an upper portion; an inner vessel inside the gas-liquid mixing vessel, having an upper opening positioned lower than the gas-discharging port; a main conduit having one end extending into the gas-liquid mixing vessel and opening at a lower portion inside the inner vessel, and having an end connected to a pressure source of water via a water-supplying valve; a gas-induction conduit having one end connecting to the main conduit, and having an end connected to a gas-induction valve; a gas-discharging conduit having one end connected to the gas-discharging port, and having an end connected to a gas-discharging valve; a communicating conduit connecting the gas-induction valve and the gas-discharging valve; an ozone generator connected to the communicating conduit; and an ozone-decomposing catalyst vessel connected to the communicating conduit.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for purifying fluids comprising at least one electrochemical cell having a cathode (3), an anode (5) and an electrolyte (7), said cathode (3) comprising a metal complex, ML, where M represents a metal and L represents an organic or inorganic ligand, said complex being capable of forming the hydroxyl radical by a reaction wherein the metal in the complex is oxidised and acquires an additional positive charge, said anode (5) creating positive ions and electrons, said electrolyte (7) allowing the transfer of a positive charges, said cathode being arranged such that the fluid to be purified can come into contact with the metal complex on the cathode. The invention also provides a related electrode and a related electrochemical cell as well as a corresponding method for purifying fluids.

Abstract: A ceramic oxygen generator is described which is capable of modular construction to permit the oxygen generation capacity to be expanded. An ionically conducted ceramic electrolyte is formed into a series of rows and columns of tubes on a tube support member and like electrolyte bodies can be connected together to form a manifold therebetween of oxygen produced in the interiors of the rubes. An electrical connection between tubes is formed such that the anodes and cathodes of tubes in a column are connected in parallel while the tubes in the row are, respectively, connected anode to cathode to form a series connection.