Abstract: A system for generating hydrogen and oxygen includes a tank and a solid polyelectrolyte film which separates the tank into first and second portions. Electrodes are provided on opposed first and second sides of the polyelectrolyte film. A power supply is connected to the electrodes. The system includes means for introducing water into the bottom of the first portion of the tank and a vibrating means for vibrating the polyelectrolyte film, electrodes and water. A power regulator which regulates power from the power supply and includes an electronic element that generates heat is provided. The electronic element is mounted in the tank for heating the water. The hydrogen generated by the system may be supplied together with gasoline to the engine of an automobile while the generated oxygen may be released to the inside of the car.

Abstract: Gas generating apparatus comprises an electrochemical cell having gas generating (2) and counter electrodes (3) with an intervening body of electrolyte (9). Current passing between the electrodes causes the generation of gas at the gas generating electrode. A first membrane (24) permeable to gas but substantially impermeable to the electrolyte is positioned sufficiently close to the gas generating electrode (2) that gas generated by the gas generating electrode diffuses through the electrolyte and out through the membrane under the influence of a gas concentration gradient, substantially without forming bubbles in the electrolyte and irrespective of the orientation of the apparatus.

Abstract: A polarographic electrochemical cell for the measurement of oxygen in ppb. The cathode in the system is a non-depleting carbon polytetrafluoroethylene electrode catalytically specific for oxygen reduction. The anode is a composite nickel matrix. The reaction at the anode is an electrochemical oxidation reaction but there are no soluble byproducts that contaminate the electrode. The reaction at the anode is a simple oxidation, state-of-change of the nickel in the nickel composite matrix.

Abstract: A thermocell includes a negative electrode, such as a lead-acid electrode, and a porous oxygen (air) electrode disposed in a housing and separated by a separator. During discharge, oxygen is allowed to permeate through the oxygen electrode and separator to reach the negative electrode. Chemical oxidation of the negative electrode by oxygen in the presence of sulfuric acid yields water, lead sulfate, and heat. The heat can be used in many ways, such as warming up an adjoining automotive battery in winter, or as a personal heating pad. The heating rate is controlled by the rate of oxygen ingress. When not in use, the oxygen electrode is sealed by taping or by other means to stop ingress of oxygen. The used thermocell can be recharged by charging the negative electrode while evolving oxygen at the oxygen electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a process for disinfecting polluted water to supply water suitable for drinking, swimming water, or industrial use. The apparatus and process according to the invention disinfect water by using ClO.sub.2 as a disinfectant. The ClO.sub.2 is generated by an electrolytic generator comprising an anodic cell and a cathodic cell having an anode and a neutral electrode in the anodic cell and a cathode in the cathodic cell. A sensing element is arranged in the reactor to detect the ClO.sub.2 content in the disinfected water. A monitor connected to the sensing element and a regulator for the electric power source adjusts the voltage and current supplied to the anode of the electrolytic generator in response to the signal from the sensing element so as to continuously provide a suitable amount of ClO.sub.2 to effectively disinfect the polluted water. The apparatus and process of the present invention reduces electric power consumption.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolytic gas generator for generating fluorine and other chemicals and more particularly, to a more efficient electrolyzer having reduced resistance between the cathode and anode and which prevents the migration of gas between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment.

Abstract: An electrolytic chlorine gas generating system is disclosed. The system includes an electrolytic cell generating the chlorine gas, a brine tank supplying saturated brine to the anode compartment of the cell, and an acid feed tank containing hydrochloric acid at sufficient concentration to maintain the anolyte brine at less than about pH 4.0. In operation, the brine tank contains solid sodium chloride which dissolves in the brine and replenishes the anolyte brine solution as chloride ion is consumed during electrolysis. The acid feed tank is in fluid communication with the brine tank so that the brine is maintained at a constant volume during electrolysis.

Abstract: The production of high pressure oxygen comprises the use of an electrolysis cell having an anode, a cathode, an ion exchange membrane disposed therebetween, an anode chamber, a cathode chamber and a means for regulating pressure. The cathode chamber has a porous sheet which contacts the cathode and imparts structural integrity to the ion exchange membrane. Low or ambient pressure water enters the cathode chamber, wicks through the porous sheet, contacts the cathode, and osmotically transports across the ion exchange membrane from the cathode to the anode. At the anode, water electrolysis produces hydrogen ions and oxygen. The means for regulating pressure retains the oxygen within the anode chamber until the oxygen has attained the desire high pressure. Upon attaining the desired high pressure, the oxygen is removed from the anode chamber at a rate commensurate with the production of additional oxygen.

Abstract: An electrochemical device for concentrating oxygen is provided. The electrochemical device comprises a cathode for reducing oxygen to peroxide. An anode is provided for oxidizing the peroxide to form oxygen according to a two electron process. A solid polymer electrolyte diffuses the peroxide from the cathode to the anode.

Abstract: A solid state electrolytic cell for separating oxygen or nitrogen from the air which employs a flexible, ductile ceramic composite as the solid electrolyte is provided. The ductile ceramic composite solid electrolyte comprises a continuous, ordered, repeating, interconnected ductile metallic array substantially surrounded by and intimately integrated within a ceramic matrix. The cell is connected to a power supply so when current is passed through the cell, oxygen or nitrogen is separated from the air passing through the cell.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the storage and the conversion of energy hng a H.sub.2 /O.sub.2 /H.sub.2 O system by switching the mode of operation electrolytic/fuel cell reaction, with a cell being utilized which is composed of an anode compartment, a cathode compartment and an ion exchange membrane as the electrolyte. Bifunctional oxidation electrodes are utilized as electrodes in the anode compartment so that during electrolytic operation oxygen is formed and during fuel cell operation hydrogen is oxidized and with a bifunctional reduction electrode also being utilized in the cathode compartment so that during electrolytic operation hydrogen is formed and during fuel cell operation oxygen is reduced.

Abstract: A compact power storage system can efficiently generate electric power by storing surplus electric power, and can be constructed in a short working period without being restricted by conditions of the location where it is to be installed. The power storage system comprises a unitary electrolytic and fuel cell having a solid oxide electrolyte, a steam feed system for feeding steam to the cell, a hydrogen store and an oxygen store for storing hydrogen and oxygen produced in the cell, a heat-exchanger system for receiving heat of the exhaust from the cell, a space-heating hot water feed system for heating water using heat obtained from the exhaust, and a space-heating cold water feed system communicating with an absorption refrigerating machine for cooling water through the absorption process using heat obtained from the heat-exchanger system.

Abstract: Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and/or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor components, such as reactor cells, and electrochemical reactors are also described for transporting oxygen from any oxygen-containing gas to any gas or mixture of gases that consume oxygen. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by an element having a first surface capable of reducing oxygen to oxygen ions, a second surface capable of reacting oxygen ions with an oxygen-consuming gas, an electron-conductive path between the first and second surfaces and an oxygen ion-conductive path between the first and second surfaces. The element may further comprise (1) a porous substrate, (2) an electron-conductive metal, metal oxide or mixture thereof and/or (3) a catalyst.

Abstract: A solid composition provides high oxygen ion conductivity, and includes a metal oxide combined with multiple dopants. The oxide may, for example, include zirconia, bismuth trioxide, thoria or halfnia. The dopants are chosen such that they are of similar ionic radius to the oxide, but such that they generally have different valences. For example, zirconium has a +4 valence, while dopants are usually chosen which have +2 or +3 valences. Possible dopants include materials such as magnesia, yttria, and oxides of calcium, barium, strontium, lanthanum, and scandium. It has been found that choosing the dopants such that they exist in the composition at specified ratios results in surprising ability to transport oxygen ions. In the case of a composition which includes magnesia and yttria dopants placed within a zirconia matrix, it has been found desirable to maintain the ratio of the mole percentages of the magnesia to the yttria in the range of from about 6.5:10 to about 9.5:10.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration controlling element where the shortest distance between the anode and cathode separated by a solid electrolyte film is set not larger than 50 .mu.m, thereby to accelerate the back-diffusion of water generated in the cathode to the anode and dispense with a tank or a pump for supplying water to the anode. An oxygen concentration or humidity controlling apparatus where a photoelectric element is disposed at an opening of a to-be-controlled space to the atmospheric air and the electric energy from the photoelectric element is accumulated in a secondary battery, thus realizing space-saving apparatus which can operate continuously though the power is turned off, and a humidity controlling apparatus functioning both as a humidifier and as a dehumidifier.

Abstract: An electrolyzer is provided for electrolyzing water into its constituent elements, namely oxygen and hydrogen gas. The electrolyzer includes a vessel in which a sulfonated solid polymer electrolyte is situated. The sulfonated solid polymer electrolyte is selected from a group including sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK), sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES), sulfonated polybenzimidazole (SPBI), sulfonated polyphenylquinoxaline (SPPQ) and sulfonated fluorinated polyimide (SFPI). The electrolyzer also includes anode and cathode electrodes situated on the electrolyte. A direct current (DC) power supply is coupled to said anode and cathode electrodes to drive the reaction. A heater heats the electrolyte and a water supply is connected to one of said cathode and anode electrodes. The resultant oxygen and hydrogen are collected at the respective electrodes. The solid polymer electrolyte desirably operates with relatively high ionic conductivity at high temperatures without loss of structural integrity.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor for measuring oxygen in the ppb range. The sensor comprises an electrochemical cell. The oxygen is metered to the cathode based on gaseous phase diffusion to provide a measurement proportional to volumetric concentration. Hydrogen is metered to the anode in an amount in excess of the oxygen being reduced at the cathode. A current is generated which is linear to the volumetric concentration of the oxygen in the sample gas. The concentration of the oxygen is measured based on current generated.

Abstract: A monopolar ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell assembly comprising a plurality of unit electrolytic cells connected electritically in parallel to one another, each formed by clamping an anode compartment frame and a cathode compartment frame with an ion exchange membrane interposed therebetween, the anode and cathode compartment frames each having a feeding and discharging system for an electrolyte and a discharging system for generated gas, wherein:(a) an anode is made of a foraminous plate fixed to the anode compartment frame so that it is close to or in contact with the ion exchange membrane, and electricity is supplied to the foraminous plate via power supply rods and/or power supply ribs from a power source located outside the cell,(b) a cathode is made of flexible foraminous metal plate having good conductivity with an electric resistance at 20.degree. C. of not higher than 10 .mu..OMEGA..

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for removing gas-liquid mixtures from electrolysis cells divided into compartments, particularly membrane type cells, without producing pressure fluctuations, wherein each compartment of said cells is characterized in that it is provided with two different ducts for removing the mixture after separation into liquid-rich and gas-rich phases, each duct being connected with its first end to the upper part of the cell, while the other end of the gas-rich phase duct (4) is inserted into the liquid-rich phase duct (3) so that liquid is present only in the portion of the duct comprised between the connection to the cell and the point of inlet of the gas-rich phase. In the subsequent portion the flow consists in the gas-liquid mixture which is forwarded to a gas-disengaging vessel.

Abstract: The device according to the present invention comprises a galvanic cell including a gas generating electrode, a counter electrode and an aqueous electrolyte enclosed in a housing. The device has one or more openings, by which the generated gas is released to the environment. The device also contains means for electrically connecting said gas generating electrode and said counter electrode and for establishing a current flow between said gas generating electrode and said counter electrode for generating a predetermined quantity of gas by said gas generating electrode for release from said opening of said galvanic cell. The objective of the cell is to generate and release oxygen or hydrogen gas, thereby defining a new type of cell. The device is referred to as a "gas generator cell.

Abstract: A pressurized gas chlorinator is constructed in the form of a two-compartment pressurized container. The lower container is filled with a media liquid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl). A pair of electrodes are located in the lower container beneath the surface of the media liquid, with one of the electrodes located at or near the bottom of the container and the other electrode located at or just below the top surface of the media liquid. Electric current is applied to the electrodes to cause a breakdown of the HCl into Hydrogen and Chlorine gas. A floor member is spaced a short distance above the surface of the media liquid in the lower compartment, and has an opening in it. This floor member comprises the bottom of the upper compartment; and gas is passed upwardly through the opening in the floor member into the upper compartment.

Abstract: A monopolar ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell assembly comprising a plurality of unit electrolytic cells connected electritically in parallel to one another, each formed by clamping an anode compartment frame and a cathode compartment frame with an ion exchange membrane interposed therebetween, the anode and cathode compartment frames each having a feeding and discharging system for an electrolyte and a discharging system for generated gas, wherein:(a) an anode is made of a foraminous plate fixed to the anode compartment frame so that it is close to or in contact with the ion exchange membrane, and electricity is supplied to the foraminous plate via power supply rods and/or power supply ribs from a power source located outside the cell,(b) a cathode is made of flexible foraminous metal plate having good conductivity with an electric resistance at 20.degree. C. of not higher than 10 .mu..OMEGA..

Abstract: Apparatus for generating heat, comprising a device for the electrochemical decomposition of water to generate hydrogen and oxygen, separate conduits for hydrogen and oxygen respectively, each one provided with a control device, and a device for mixing hydrogen and oxygen in a predetermined ratio, as well as a burner for the mixture. The apparatus is a unit in which the device for the electrochemical decomposition of the water is a tank with an anode compartment and a cathode compartment separated from each other by a wall which extends over essentially the entire height of the tank and has an opening adjacent the bottom of the tank and no higher than the lower end of the anode and/or cathode, which anode and cathode extend downwardly in each respective compartment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electrolytic ozone generation are described which process comprises feeding raw water to an ozone-generating electrolytic cell partitioned into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber by means of a solid electrolyte, said feeding of raw water being only to the cathode chamber, and conducting electrolysis to thereby produce ozone in the anode chamber.

Abstract: A water to fuel production apparatus including a tank divided into compartments for producing hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis, where the gases do not mix until they enter a gas turbine engine.In another embodiment the hydrogen and oxygen gases mix in a venturi at the end of a turbine.In both embodiments the turbine has an impeller end to draw both or one of the gases into the turbine.

Abstract: A solid state electrolyte cells apparatus and method of producing is disclosed. The apparatus can be used for separating oxygen from an oxygen-containing feedstock or as a fuel cell for reacting fluids. Cells can be stacked so that fluids can be introduced and removed from the apparatus through ceramic distribution members having ports designed for distributing the fluids in parallel flow to and from each cell. The distribution members can also serve as electrodes to membranes or as membrane members between electrodes. The distribution member design does not contain any horizontal internal ports which allows the member to be thin. A method of tape casting in combination with an embossing method allows intricate radial ribs and bosses to be formed on each distribution member. The bosses serve as seals for the ports and allow the distribution members to be made without any horizontal internal ports.

Abstract: An electrolytic dispensing device includes a first contractible chamber for receiving a liquid to be dispensed, and a second contractible chamber for receiving a gas to control the rate of dispensing of the liquid from the first chamber. An electrolytic cell generates a gas which is fed to the second chamber to dispense liquid from the first chamber in accordance with the electrical current conducted through the electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell includes a partition of an ion-permeable, but gas-impermeable, material separating its two electrodes. The partition is effective to permit gas generated at one electrode to be fed to the second chamber, and to block from the second chamber gas generated at the other electrode, and thereby to prevent the formation of a hazardous mixture of gases.

Abstract: A novel tidal and wave-power collection apparatus is disclosed which is adapted to produce hydrogen and/or oxygen gas. The apparatus is particularly well suited for oceanic installations. In the preferred embodiment, a matrix of gas producing units is easily assembled at sea, each being bridged and reinforced by catwalks extending therebetween which form trilateral gas producing modules having such units at each of the corners thereof. Each gas producing unit comprises a central tubular pilaster embedded in the ocean floor around which is disposed a toroidal float which moves up and down with the waves and tide and which acts to drive a DC generator while rising and falling. The output of the generator is utilized to electrolytically produce hydrogen and/or oxygen gas, which is compressed for storage in the float's chamber. The apparatus is efficient, economical and capable of capturing and storing large quantities of gas.

Abstract: This chlorine gas generating apparatus controls the operating level of a liquid anolyte, catholyte and liquid interface by a combination of overflow pipe routed to a caustic catchment basin and a float or electronic sensor designed to add water as caustic concentration increases to an unacceptable level. Salt is stored above the liquid level and is consumed upon demand by the system so that a constant volume of salt is maintained in the liquid portion of the cell. Chlorine gas is directed to a catchment basin where it is collected and then delivered to a pool or other area to be sanitized.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell has a layer-type or sandwich configuration with a Teflon center section that houses working, reference and counter electrodes and defines a relatively narrow electrolyte cavity. The center section is surrounded on both sides with thin Teflon membranes. The membranes are pressed in place by a pair of Teflon inner frames which are in turn supported by a pair of outer metal frames. The pair of inner and outer frames are provided with corresponding, appropriately shaped slits that are in plane generally transverse to the plane of the working electrode and permit X-ray beams to enter and exit the cell through the Teflon membranes that cover the slits so that the interface between the working electrode and the electrolyte within the cell may be analyzed by transmission geometry. In one embodiment, the center section consists of two parts, one on top of the other.

Abstract: Electrolyser for the production of a gas, comprising a stack of vertical frames (1, 2) defining electrolysis chambers (4, 5), a degassing chamber (17) above the stack, a conduit for allowing electrolyte to enter (23) the degassing chamber, a vertical pipe (18) connecting the degassing chamber to the lower part of the electrolysis chambers and a nozzle (20) arranged around the pipe and connecting the degassing chamber to the upper part of the electrolysis chambers, the pipe (18) communicating with the degassing chamber (17) through a connecting conduit (19, 21) passing through the nozzle (20).

Abstract: A reaction vessel for use in photoelectrochemical reactions includes as its reactive surface a metal oxide porous ceramic membrane of a catalytic metal such as titanium. The reaction vessel includes a light source and a counter electrode. A provision for applying an electrical bias between the membrane and the counter electrode permits the Fermi levels of potential reaction to be favored so that certain reactions may be favored in the vessel. The electrical biasing is also useful for the cleaning of the catalytic membrane.

Abstract: A water treatment device which is of simple construction and operation, and which can provide sufficient oxidant gas to disinfect drinking water for about 3,000 people. The device includes an electrolysis unit, a water flow circuit with constant water flow and a venturi which aspirates the oxidant gas produced by the electrolysis unit. A timer turns the electrolysis unit on and off to maintain oxidant gas levels substantial constant in the water supply and a valve is provided which is operated by a timer unit to replace water in the anode compartment of the electrolysis unit. When the electrolysis unit is shut-off for maintenance, the venturi is used to aspirate liquid from the electrolysis unit, thus avoiding operator contact with caustic chemicals to the extent possible.

Abstract: An apparatus for the electrolysis of a solution of electrolysis, comprising an anode compartment and a cathode compartment separated by a membrane, in which the external shape of the apparatus is that of a pyramid and the membrane separating both the anode and cathode compartments is oriented according to a diagonal line perpendicular to the base of the pyramid.

Abstract: Removal of gas from an oxidant containing liquid stream by chemically reacting hydrogen and the oxidant gas. The hydrogen is prevented from dissolving in the liquid by an electrochemical hydrogen pump that transports the hydrogen, as ions, back to the hydrogen side of the ion exchange membrane.

Abstract: Apparatus for efficiently electrolyzing water comprising an electrolysis cell and gas-liquid separating mechanism, wherein the electrolysis cell is composed of a plurality of compartments, each of which has two plate electrodes with a membrane assembly sandwiched therebetween, the plate electrodes and the membrane assembly are spaced by a concavo-convex ion net and a concavo-convex nichel net respectively so that the spacing between the two electrodes is greatly reduced.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an upper electrode and a lower electrode are integrally assembled with insoluble electrodes and diaphragmn in diaphragm electrode structure. Small holes are furnished on the upper electrode, and the diaphragm of the upper electrode is installed obliquely with degassing means. By simply carrying the objects to be plated in horizontal direction, uniform and high quality electroplating can be continuously performed with extensive increase in productivity, while enjoying all of the benefits such as shorter interpolar distance between two electrodes, compact design of the apparatus, saving of expensive additives, etc. Further, the inspection of the diaphragm and the like can be rapidly and easily accomplished, and perfect protection of the diaphragm is assured, thus providing a horizontal carrying type electroplating apparatus suitable for practical use.

Abstract: A dehumidifier for removing moisture from a gas containing moisture comprises a first electrode which is in contact with a gas containing moisture on a first surface thereof and, when a positive voltage is applied thereto, which produces protons from said moisture, a proton conductive solid having first and second portions which is connected to a second surface of the first electrode at the first portion and allows the protons to pass therethrough, and a second electrode which is connected to the second portion of the proton conductive solid on a first surface thereof and in contact with air on a second surface thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the first electrode, the proton conductive solid, and the second electrode are formed as a laminate. When a negative voltage is applied between the first and second electrodes, hydrogen or water is produced from the protons passed through the proton conductive solid.

Abstract: A water treatment unit uses an electrolytic cell generating chlorine and ozone. The electrolyte is brine, and the separation between the anode and the cathode of the cell is 2-30 cm. The generated chlorine and ozone are added to a stream of water to be treated, with the interposition of a turbulence promoting arrangement. The unit operation is automatically regulated from the working times of the cell and volume of water to be treated, and/or electrometrical probes as chlorine detectors.

Abstract: An electrolysis cell for gas-evolving electrolytic processes using at least one electrode having electrode elements arranged parallel is described; the electrode elements have a thickness of up to three times the mean bubble separation diameter and have a capillary gap with respect to one another such that a motion of the gas bubbles through the electrode is brought about substantially in the direction or in the opposite direction of the electric field between the reaction surfaces of the anode and cathode.

Abstract: Operation of diaphragm monopolar electrolyzers for chlor-alkali electrolysis is improved by providing at least part of the anodes in their upper portion with hydrodynamic baffles capable of generating a plurality of lifting and downcoming recirculation motions of the mixed anolyte-gas phase and of the anolyte separated from gas, respectively, which baffles are characterized by their superior edge or overflow holes located under the free surface of the anolyte, resulting in a reduction of the cell voltage and an increase in the faradic efficiency and the quality of the products.

Abstract: A chlorinator employing a vertically tiered arrangement wherein a chassis unit vertically and removably mounts on a lower sodium chamber and contains a cone-shaped structure which depends into the lower chamber and disposes an attached membrane and cathode at angles to the horizontal within said lower chamber. The chassis unit further includes an attached anode within the conical surface, and integral handles and electrical interconnection points. The chassis is rigidly attached to an upper pipe section with which a lid slidably interfits.

Abstract: An electrochemical device (10) capable of generating oxygen from air (23) upon application of an electrical current, is made containing a plurality of adjacent cells (12) and (12') electrically connected in series, where each cell contains optional support (22), inner, porous oxygen electrode (20), dense, solid oxide electrolyte (14) on top of the inner oxygen electrode, and outer, porous air electrode (16) on top of the electrolyte, where dense segments of interconnection material (18) are disposed between cells, the interconnection electrically connecting the outer air electrode from one cell to the inner oxygen electrode from an adjacent cell, where the device contains gas impermeable, dense, contacting segments of electrolyte (14) and interconnection material (18) and can contain two end portions at least one of which provides for oxygen delivery.

Abstract: An electrolytic chlorine generator for chlorinating a body of water employing a container for housing salt brine and having an anode chamber, an open ended cathode chamber mounted to the anode chamber, and a membrane material which divides the anode chamber from the cathode chamber and means for conducting a part of the flowing water from the main body of water to the cell for chlorination purposes.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating hydrogen by the electrolysis of water comprising an electrolytic cell having a cathode and an anode separated by a solid electrolyte, an electrical power supply connected to the cell for applying a voltage across the cathode and anode, a water reservoir connected to the cell for supplying water to the anode side, a hydrogen-water separator connected to the cell for receiving hydrogen and water from the cathode side and separating the hydrogen from the water, and a water return line connecting the hydrogen-water separator to the water reservoir for returning water to the water reservoir whereby the water is recycled to the anode side. A float valve in the upper region of the hydrogen-water separator closes the hydrogen outlet in response to an increase in the water level in the separator to the level of the hydrogen outlet, to prevent water from entering the hydrogen outlet in the event of a malfunction.

Abstract: The invention is a ceramic solid electrolyte based electrochemical oxygen concentrator cell and the method for fabricating said cell. The cell is based on a doped cerium oxide ceramic solid electrolyte and lanthanum strontium cobaltite ceramic electrodes.

Abstract: An electrode comprising a gas permeable and liquid permeable coating bonded to an ion exchange membrane, said coating comprising low overvoltage electrocatalytic particles, more electroconductive electrolyte resistant particles and an electrolyte resistant binder compatible with the membrane to bond the particles thereto, the electrode coating being provided with a plurality of pores with a pore size of at least 0.1 microns.Effective porosity is imparted to the layer of particles by means of a sacrificial, pore-forming agent and by leaching out such agent after the particles have been bonded together and the layer formed is in its desired thickness, preferably after it has been deposited upon the membrane.Surface resistivity of the layer is reduced and the layer is effectively reinforced by incorporating electroconductive particles which often have a higher overvoltage than the electrocatalytic particles and also have high electroconductivity.

Abstract: Gas diffusion oxygen cathodes, oxygen consuming electrochemical cells utilizing such cathodes, and a method of preparing such cathodes are disclosed. The cathode comprises an electronically conductive porous body defining respective gas and electrolyte contacting surfaces. The cathode is prepared by forming the porous body, disposing the electrolyte contacting the gas contacting surface with a gaseous atmosphere. Current is passed through the porous body at a degree of electrode polarization much higher than normal whereby modification of the electrode material is effected. If desired, a transition metal macrocycle catalyst may be incorporated in the electrode and is subjected to pretreatment as well. The inventive electrodes exhibit superior voltage performance under oxygen reduction polarization conditions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward an electrolytic cell for treating fluids with gases that are evolved by electrolysis comprising an anode compartment separated from a cathode compartment by a diaphragm, and a gas-permeable and liquid-impermeable window formed in the anode and the cathode compartment, or formed in the anode or the cathode compartment, wherein the window is formed such that a gas evolved in the anode or cathode compartment or gases evolved in these two compartments are allowed to pass through the window to make contact with a fluid to be treated, said fluid being located outside said electrolytic cell, thereby treating the fluid.

Abstract: An electrolytic oxidant generator including an anode and cathode within different chambers separated by an ion permeable membrane, and a mixer for circulating saline solution within the anode chamber to enhance dispersal of salt in the solution and maintain the saline solution at high density throughout that chamber. The generator preferably includes an outer shell and a tubular member extending generally vertically within the shell and separating the anode and cathode chambers, with the side wall having a curving portion containing at least one aperture curving with the wall, and with the membrane being secured to and curving with the wall and bridging across the aperture. The inner chamber may take the form of a unit which is removable upwardly from the shell and interfits with the shell in locating relation upon downward movement thereinto.