Abstract: An electroplating apparatus positively biases an anode with respect to a work dipped in an electrolyte in an electrolysis vessel for depositing metal on the work, and an inert ambience is created over the electrolyte so that the electrolyte is never oxidized.

Abstract: Electrolysis cell for the production of a gas, comprising at least two electrolysis chambers, respectively anodic (2) and cathodic (3), one at least of which is in communication, at its lower part, with an electrolyte entry pipe (5) and, at its upper part, with an electrolyte degassing chamber (7) sited above it and provided with a gas discharge opening (8) and with an electrolyte discharge opening (16), an electrolyte recycling pipe (10) connecting the degassing chamber (7) to the entry pipe (5) and including a valve (11) which is open or closed according to whether the pressure downstream (B) of the valve (11) is less than or greater than the pressure upstream (A) of the valve.

Abstract: An electrolytic process and apparatus are disclosed for regenerating separate bed ion exchange resins used to demineralize aqueous solutions, preferably softened water, without the use of additional chemicals. The cation exchanger is regenerated by applying a DC electric voltage between an anode and a cathode across the cation exchanger whereby hydrogen ions produced at the anode displace cations previously absorbed on the cation exchanger during the previous demineralization cycle. The displaced cations move towards the cathode under the influence of the electric voltage and there form a caustic solution with hydroxyl ions produced by the cathode. The cathodically generated caustic solution is then used to chemically regenerate the anion exchanger in a traditional manner. Two embodiments of the invention are disclosed, one of which is an intermittent system of demineralization and regeneration and the other is a continuously operating system.

Abstract: A method for conversion of comminuted cellulosic agricultural wastes into a form edible by ruminant animals comprises treating such wastes, e.g., straw, corn stalks and husks, cotton wastes, peanut shells, saw dust, grains (corn, sorghum), etc. by treating with an aqueous solution of a mixed oxidant gas, at a pH of about 7-9, to produce a total water content of less than 20%, a pH of about 7.5-8.3, and NaOH content of less than 5.0% in the waste. The mixed-oxidant gas is produced by a novel electrolytic cell having an anode compartment, cathode compartment and membrane separating the compartments to permit a limited flow of electrolyte therebetween. The anode compartment contains a plurality of anodes and bi-polar electrodes supported in a substantially co-planar relation spaced laterally from each other. The anodes are electrically connected and the bi-polar electrodes are insulated therefrom.

Abstract: A system is provided for regenerating reducing agents used in ancillary chemical or electrochemical processes such as restoring solderability of electronic components to be soldered in a fluxless soldering process. The system includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte system that is separated by a semipermeable ionic barrier into a catholyte and an anolyte. The catholyte includes the reduced member of a redox couple, which can be regenerated electrochemically. The redox couple of the electrolyte system is charged like a battery and discharged during the ancillary process. Regeneration of the reduced member of the redox couple is accomplished at the cathode, which may evolve hydrogen gas. Chemical balance is maintained by the semipermeable ionic barrier, which permits proton migration from the anolyte to the catholyte but acts as a barrier against diffusion and migration of cations from the catholyte to the anolyte.

Abstract: A system for generating hydrogen and oxygen includes a tank and a solid polyelectrolyte film which separates the tank into first and second portions. Electrodes are provided on opposed first and second sides of the polyelectrolyte film. A power supply is connected to the electrodes. The system includes means for introducing water into the bottom of the first portion of the tank and a vibrating means for vibrating the polyelectrolyte film, electrodes and water. A power regulator which regulates power from the power supply and includes an electronic element that generates heat is provided. The electronic element is mounted in the tank for heating the water. The hydrogen generated by the system may be supplied together with gasoline to the engine of an automobile while the generated oxygen may be released to the inside of the car.

Abstract: A polarographic electrochemical cell for the measurement of oxygen in ppb. The cathode in the system is a non-depleting carbon polytetrafluoroethylene electrode catalytically specific for oxygen reduction. The anode is a composite nickel matrix. The reaction at the anode is an electrochemical oxidation reaction but there are no soluble byproducts that contaminate the electrode. The reaction at the anode is a simple oxidation, state-of-change of the nickel in the nickel composite matrix.

Abstract: A hydrogen storing member which comprises at least two kinds of hydrogen storing materials comprising a first hydrogen storing material and a second hydrogen storing material capable of releasing or storing hydrogen in a range of at least one of temperature and pressure at which the first hydrogen storing material is in the .beta. phase having a high capacity for storing hydrogen.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating hydrogen gas by reacting water and an electrode at high temperature, wherein water is delivered under pressure by a pump in communication with a storage facility or tank in a manner forcing the water, at a controlled rate, into a gas tight vessel in which a heated electrode is positioned. An exothermic reaction takes place, whereby the liquid reactant, water, is reduced to hydrogen gas.A conduit in communication with the produced gas outlet of the vessel conducts the hydrogen gas to the predetermined connection for use, whether for combustion in an engine, or for industrial use.

Abstract: A plating head includes a prismatic body containing a series of ducts connected via a supply duct to a source of pressurized electrolyte, and a series of ducts connected via a discharge channel to a suction source provided by a venturi in which a partial vacuum is generated by the flow of pressurized electrolyte through a branch duct.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for the separation of immiscible liquids of different specific gravities, using gravity. The process of separation is facilitated, and separation quality is improved by using the process of electrolysis within a gravity separator.

Abstract: An apparatus and method especially adapted for electropolishing reactive metal workpieces which require aggressive electrolytes. It incorporates a single, closed, pressure-tight polishing chamber into which metal workpieces are placed for a multi-step operation. All electrolyte cleaning and rinse fluids are pumped in and out of the chamber as required for sequential operations, and vacuum assisted purging and dying removes the electrolyte or polishing residue from the chamber after each step.

Abstract: A micromachined valve and valve array having one or more pores which are electrochemically opened and closed by dissolving and redepositing a barrier layer across a tiny opening or pore in substrate. The pore is spanned by two electrodes which apply a voltage to an electrolytic barrier layer material which dissolves in an electrolyte. Each open pore has a distinct flow rate related to its minimal cross-sectional area which together can form a binary sized array with each subsequent member in the array having a flow rate twice as large as the preceding member in the array. Any integral multiple of the smallest flow rate may be achieved by opening an appropriate combination of the pores with addressing logic. In a preferred embodiment, each bit in a binary representation of the desired flow rate acts as a switch for a pore having a flow rate corresponding to the bit position.

Abstract: This invention discloses cross-flow electrochemical reactor cells containing oxygen permeable materials which have both electron conductivity and oxygen ion conductivity, cross-flow reactors, and electrochemical processes using cross-flow reactor cells having oxygen permeable monolithic cores to control and facilitate transport of oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas stream to oxidation reactions of organic compounds in another gas stream. These cross-flow electrochemical reactors comprise a hollow ceramic blade positioned across a gas stream flow or a stack of crossed hollow ceramic blades containing a channel or channels for flow of gas streams. Each channel has at least one channel wall disposed between a channel and a portion of an outer surface of the ceramic blade, or a common wall with adjacent blades in a stack comprising a gas-impervious mixed metal oxide material of a perovskite structure having electron conductivity and oxygen ion conductivity.

Abstract: An electrical apparatus is provided for the conversion of compounds, elements, or mixtures which are in particulate form, into new compounds, elements or mixtures in gaseous, liquid, or particulate form. In a reaction chamber, particulates are mechanically transported into a first region of high electric field, where they acquire a charge and are projected into a second region in which a low-density plasma is maintained. Energetic plasma ions strike the surfaces of the particulates, causing chemical reactions and release of both neutral and ionic products species. Charge exchange on particulates causes the reduced-size particles to fall back into the first region, where the charging recurs and the cycle is repeated. Gaseous and particulate products are removed from the chamber. In one application, naturally-occurring ores may be reduced by a methane plasma; in another, coal may be converted in a methane plasma to intermediate range hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell for electrolytic treatment of aqueous solutions, particularly for cyanide detoxification or oxidation, has a solution container with a cell housing mounted on it, in which an electrode stack is located. Solution is delivered to the cell housing in the region of its housing bottom by a circulation device, and after passing through the electrode stack by an overflow over the side walls of the cell housing, is delivered to a cascadelike drain container with its own overflow for the sake of degassing; after passing through the second overflow, the now largely degassed solution is returned to the solution container and recirculated. The invention provides a compact structural form with a pressure-free recirculation system and simple maintenance of the electrode stack or individual electrodes.

Abstract: A cylindrical electrolysis tank (10) whose inner wall surface (11c) is held in contact with a single-use cathode (30) defining a hollow cylinder is provided with a removable tank lid (14) which forms an integral unit with a hollow cylinder (16) which carries the anode (34) on its peripheral surface (16a) and is provided with an uninterrupted closed bottom plate (17). The cylinder space (24) which is freely accessible from above serves to accommodate a replacement cathode (30) which is rolled up. At the circumferential abutment edge (18) between the peripheral surface (16a) of hollow cylinder (16) and the inner surface (19a) of lid plate (19) a ventilation groove (20) is provided which has a bore (20a) including an air-exhaust valve (21) and extending to the exterior.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor for measuring oxygen in the ppb range. The sensor comprises an electrochemical cell. The oxygen is metered to the cathode based on gaseous phase diffusion to provide a measurement proportional to volumetric concentration. Hydrogen is metered to the anode in an amount in excess of the oxygen being reduced at the cathode. A current is generated which is linear to the volumetric concentration of the oxygen in the sample gas. The concentration of the oxygen is measured based on the current generated.

Abstract: A system for removing contaminants from a solution is provided. A supply tank holds the contaminated solution and a reactor containing a catalyst receives the contaminated solution from the supply tank and further receives hydrogen for reacting with the catalyst and contaminants for removal thereof. The system is applicable to both aqueous and non-aqueous streams contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbon and the like. Furthermore, the hydrogen for the system may be produced in situ.

Abstract: An electrolytic chlorine gas generator is coupled to the return pipe of a pool water circulating system for introducing a chlorine-hydrogen gas mixture into the pool water. A gas/liquid delivery tube connecting the generator with the return pipe is sized to have an internal volume just sufficient to hold a quantity of gas which, when under pressure, has a volume substantially equivalent to the sum of the increased internal volume of the generator when subjected to return water pressure plus the decrease in the volume of the gas trapped in the vessel due to compression when subjected to return water pressure. Depletion of electrolyte in the generator increases the volume in the generator and allows pool water to enter the generator through the gas/liquid delivery tube to replace spent electrolyte automatically when the generator is pressurized.

Abstract: A novel continuous process and system are provided for the production of chlorine dioxide at favorable economics and high efficiency. The process involves effecting electrolysis of an aqueous solution of alkali metal chloride, in an electrolysis zone, to form an aqueous solution of alkali metal chlorate having a chlorate ion concentration of about 400 to about 1,200 g/L, and a chloride ion concentration of about 90 to about 120 g/L, gaseous hydrogen and water vapor. Hydrogen is conducted to a hydrogen chloride synthesis system where it reacts with chlorine gas, (recycled, as well as make-up,) to yield hydrogen chloride gas which is quenched with water to provide hydrochloric acid. A solution of alkali metal chlorate is conducted from the electrolysis zone to the chlorine dioxide generating zone.

Abstract: A system adapted for use in decomposing water and separating an oxygen rich gaseous stream and a hydrogen rich gaseous stream. The system comprises an enclosure containing a decomposition zone, an oxygen separation zone and a hydrogen separation zone. The decomposition zone comprising an inlet for supplying a flow of water vapor, a plurality of conductive tubes arranged in a spaced array and connected in a parallel circuit including a source of electrical energy capable of supplying energy to all of the conductive tubes. The tubes in the array are elongated circular structures and preferably spaced less than one-eighth inch from each other.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrolytically generating small volumes of a selected gas such as hydrogen for introduction into a flowing gas stream is described. The gas stream flows through an electrolytic cell wherein the selected gas is generated at an electrode and a portion of the gas stream is diverted through a needle valve and a non-conducting capillary with a small orifice to deliver gas to the electrodes so as to dislodge the selected gas bubbles forming thereon and carry them into the flowing gas stream. To maintain the level of electrolyte in the cell, the cell is connected by a narrow tube to a reservoir of electrolyte. The reservoir has a volume and surface area many times greater than that of the cell and the gas volume above the reservoir is maintained at the pressure and composition of the gas stream entering the electrolytic cell.

Abstract: Carbon electrodes for use as an anode in electrochemical cells for the generation of fluorine by electrolysis of molten KF.2HF electrolyte. Also included is a process for the operation of an electrochemical fluorine cell in combination with a direct fluorination reactor.

Abstract: A water to fuel electrolysis system for providing hydrogen and oxygen gases to a steam boiler for the production of heat and steam.

Abstract: A heater which uses the electrolysis of a liquid to produce heat from electricity and transfers the heat from the electrolyte by means of a heat exchanger. One embodiment includes electrodes of nickel and platinum and an electrolyte of potassium carbonate with a heat exchanger immersed in and transferring heat from the electrolyte.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor for measuring oxygen in the ppb range. The sensor comprises an electrochemical cell. The oxygen is metered to the cathode based on gaseous phase diffusion to provide a measurement proportional to volumetric concentration. Hydrogen is metered to the anode in an amount in excess of the oxygen being reduced at the cathode. A current is generated which is linear to the volumetric concentration of the oxygen in the sample gas. The concentration of the oxygen is measured based on current generated.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing an adjustable constant flow of electrochemical fluid. The apparatus is designed for use in an in-tank electrochemical plating bath sensor. The apparatus and method utilize pumping electrodes placed within an electrode chamber. An electrical potential is applied to the electrodes to produce a gaseous stream which produces vertical movement of the electrochemical fluid through the electrode chamber. The voltage applied to the electrodes is periodically reversed in order to prevent the buildup of metal deposits.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for generating a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen for producing a hot flame and in particular to one including a housing, an electrolytic chamber fixedly mounted within the housing and having two electrodes extending out of the electrolytic chamber to connect with a rectifier, a first safety device connected with an outlet of the electrolytic chamber, a control valve connected with an outlet of the first safety device, a dryer connected with an outlet of the first safety device, and a second safety device connected with an outlet of the dryer and having a chamber in which are mounted a spring-loaded ball which will open an outlet of the second safety device when the pressure of hydrogen and oxygen in the electrolytic chamber exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: An electrolysis cell is provided for use in connection with a combustion engine, for generating hydrogen and oxygen gases which are added to the fuel delivery system as a supplement to the gasoline or other hydrocarbons burned therein. The hazard of explosion of the mixture of generated gases is eliminated by withdrawing the gases through a connection with the vacuum line of the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system of the engine and by utilizing a slip-fitted top cap for the electrolysis cell, which cooperates with the PCV vacuum line to prevent explosive containment of generated gases in case of accident. Use of the generated gases as a fuel supplement enables substantial increases in fuel efficiency, while at the same time reducing the emission of pollutants.

Abstract: Chlorinators are provided for use with saltwater swimming pools. The chlorinators do not require mains electric power and can be fitted to the pool without requiring any significant modification of the pool piping. One form of chlorinator (10) comprises a set of electrodes (18) which are connected to the output of an electric generator (16) which, in turn, is driven by the flow of water produced by the pool pump during filtration. The generator (16) has a shaft on which is mounted an impeller (15) which may be driven by the water flow through the pool return pipe outlet (13) or the water flow in the leaf basket cavity (14). In another form, a generator (36) is mechanically coupled to the pump motor (35). In yet another form of the invention, the electrodes (26) of a chlorinator (21) are mounted on the underside of a floating housing (24) and are powered from solar cells (23) located on the topside of the housing.

Abstract: There is disclosed a gas treatment method and apparatus for the treatment of exhaust gas from an electrochemical plating operation, particularly from a chromium plating operation, to remove therefrom essentially all liquid entrainment. The invention comprises containment of the vapor space over the electroplating baths and evacuating the contained vapor space, passing the gases from the vapor space through a water bath and discharging the gases from the water bath through a mist separator and a sub-micron porous filter. Preferably the mist separator and porous filter are separated by a vapor space to permit coalesced droplets to condense and separate from the gases before passing the gases through the porous filter.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating heat, comprising a device for the electrochemical decomposition of water to generate hydrogen and oxygen, separate conduits for hydrogen and oxygen respectively, each one provided with a control device, and a device for mixing hydrogen and oxygen in a predetermined ratio, as well as a burner for the mixture. The apparatus is a unit in which the device for the electrochemical decomposition of the water is a tank with an anode compartment and a cathode compartment separated from each other by a wall which extends over essentially the entire height of the tank and has an opening adjacent the bottom of the tank and no higher than the lower end of the anode and/or cathode, which anode and cathode extend downwardly in each respective compartment.

Abstract: A device for the electrolytic recovery of silver comprises a cylindrical electrolysis tank (10) made of plastic, against the inner wall surface (11c) of which rests an expendable cathode (30) which is formed into a hollow cylinder and consists of a sheet-type plastic carrier (31) to which a carbon sheet (32) has been applied by bonding.In the rim areas of the tank bottom (12) and the lower side of the removable top (14), projections (13, 15) are provided which extend into the tank (10) and have inclined portions (13a, 15a) extending away from the inner wall surface (11c) and behind which the lower rim portion (31a) and the upper rim portion (31b) of the carrier sheet (31) of the expendable cathode (30) are held, said carrier sheet extending further than the carbon sheet (32).

Abstract: A chrome plating facility having a chrome recovery system into which chrome bearing mist, swept from a chrome plating solution surface, is directed. The system comprises a chrome removal system and a chrome reclamation system. The removal system comprises structure defining surfaces for collecting chrome from the vapor flowing through the station, a second chrome removal station downstream from the first removal station and comprising second structure defining surfaces for collecting chrome from fluid flowing through the second station. The reclamation system recovers chrome from the removal system and comprises a solvent reservoir, solvent recirculating means for directing reservoir solvent onto the second chrome removal station surfaces for removing chrome therefrom and returning the solvent and chrome to the reservoir.

Abstract: A water to fuel production apparatus including a tank divided into compartments for producing hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis, where the gases do not mix until they enter a gas turbine engine.In another embodiment the hydrogen and oxygen gases mix in a venturi at the end of a turbine.In both embodiments the turbine has an impeller end to draw both or one of the gases into the turbine.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration system for producing oxygen from air comprises an electrochemical oxygen generator mounted within an inner housing. The generator has an outer surface and is adapted to extract oxygen from air by means of an electrochemical reaction. The oxygen generator fits within an inner housing having the form of an annulus. The inner housing is insulated and is spaced from the outer surface of the oxygen generator to create a first passageway. Air in the first passageway is heated by the generator and rises upwardly out of the passageway by means of convection.

Abstract: A device for producing and recycling hydrogen (DPRH) from electrolyte and hydrocarbons comprises an electrolysis unit which is energized by the source of direct electro-current and agitated by the generator of ultrasonic vibrations. The electrolysis unit comprises a container having inlet means for introducing a gasoline or other hydrocarbons and for introducing an electrolyte; a pair of positive and negative electrodes connected to the source of direct electro-current; outlet means for exiting hydrogen and oxygen. A DPRH is adapted for producing hydrogen from an electrolyte, gasoline, petroleum or the like, including gaseous hydrocarbons. A DPRH is adapted for producing oxygen from an electrolyte. A DPRH is adapted for recycling hydrogen from exhaust gases and for reducing polluting emission into the atmosphere. A DPRH is adapted for powering a vehicle utilizing an electrolyte and hydrocarbons as sources of energy. A DPRH is adapted to be inserted in the space gas station for producing hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: An oxygen concentration system for producing oxygen from pressurized air comprises an electrochemical oxygen generator which selectively extracts oxygen from air by an electrochemical reaction. The oxygen concentration system includes first, second, and third concentric enclosures. The three enclosures produce three annuli formed between the enclosures. Air enters the top of the outermost enclosure, travels downwardly through the outermost annulus, crosses over the second annulus to the oxygen generators via ports, travels upwardly through the oxygen generators and back downwardly through the second annulus. By orienting the downward flow of the oxygen-depleted air next to the downward flow of the cooler incoming air, the incoming air is heated by the outgoing hot air, thereby increasing comfort to the user and reducing energy requirements.

Abstract: A method and means of generating gas from water for use as a fuel wherein a pair of spaced-apart carbon electrodes are positioned in a reaction chamber having water therein. Electrical current is supplied to the carbon electrodes to create an electrical arc therebetween causing the electrodes to burn and oxidize to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The gas is generated on an on-demand basis.

Abstract: This chlorine gas generating apparatus controls the operating level of a liquid anolyte, catholyte and liquid interface by a combination of overflow pipe routed to a caustic catchment basin and a float or electronic sensor designed to add water as caustic concentration increases to an unacceptable level. Salt is stored above the liquid level and is consumed upon demand by the system so that a constant volume of salt is maintained in the liquid portion of the cell. Chlorine gas is directed to a catchment basin where it is collected and then delivered to a pool or other area to be sanitized.

Abstract: A plating system includes a plating tank and a separation tank connected in a closed loop. Toxic bubbles or fumes are generated during plating which rise above the plating solution in the plating tank. Venturi and/or vortex scrubbers scrub the bubbles as the solution is drained from the plating tank to the separation tank. The toxic fumes are sucked into the primary scrubbing tube while the solution is drained from plating tank into the separation tank. The fine fumes are then forced through the secondary scrubber/filter. The solution once in the separation tank is then pumped back into the plating tank.

Abstract: This invention concerns a fluid treatment apparatus wherein active particles are used to perform fluid treatment.As active particles have a very short lifetime, it has conventionally been difficult to use them for fluid treatment. In this invention, active particles generated in electrolytic dissociation chamber (104) under reduced pressure are aspirated by a fluid jetted from jetting throat (108) into a diffuser throat (110), and then perform treatment of the source fluid.

Abstract: A waste gas treating apparatus including a discharge tube comprising a tubular container having a gas introduction opening and a gas leading opening and at least one pair of an anodes and a cathodes placed within the container, a dc or ac power supply connected to said electrodes, and a gas flow passage formed in the discharge tube whereinat least a pair of anodes is provided opposite to each other in the flow passage,at least a pair of cathodes is provided opposite to the anodes in a direction nearly at right angles to the anodes without contacting the anodes in a space including the pair of anodes;a set of electrodes is composed of said pair of anodes and said pair of cathodes;a part of the whole of said anodes and said cathodes are composed of a plurality of plates or pillars and they are electroconductively connected integrally; anda device for forming a magnetic field application device forming a dc or ac magnetic field in the opposing direction of the cathodes is fixed to the discharge tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for disinfecting lenses includes a single hand-held case with a lens compartment and a power supply compartment. A battery powered unit disposed within the power supply compartment responds to activation of a switch on the case to generate an electric current which is coupled to a pair of electrodes within the lens compartment to electrolyte a solution in the lens compartment and thereby disinfect lenses submerged in the solution. Disinfecting proceeds using a buffered solution to retain solution pH within predefined limits while enabling electrolysis with a large current of shorter duration to decreased disinfecting time. A lip circumscribing an upper opening of the lens compartment is covered with a single hinged cover member that lifts directly away from the lip, and a slidable retainer member is used to retain the cover member in a closed position. Ribs on the cover member retain the lenses submerged in the solution, and a hydrophobic element discharges gases produced by electrolysis.

Abstract: A contamination control apparatus for sealable interconnection with plating tanks of the character used in the electrodeposition of an electrodeposit onto a substrate which is uniquely designed so as to permit the free escape of hydrogen, but to block the escape of most metal atoms released from the plating solution and to return them to the solution by force of gravity thereby eliminating the need for complex ventilating and fume scrubbing systems.

Abstract: A low mist chromium plating system is disclosed which comprises a closed plating tank containing chromium plating solution preferably covered by a layer of mist suppressing foam. Nitrogen carrier gas is introduced into the plating tank above the plating solution and carries chromium mist to a series of aqueous traps. The first trap contains sodium bisulfite for reducing hexavalent chromium ions to trivalent chromium ions. The last trap contains 1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide for indicating the presence of hexavalent chromium.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an upper electrode and a lower electrode are integrally assembled with insoluble electrodes and diaphragmn in diaphragm electrode structure. Small holes are furnished on the upper electrode, and the diaphragm of the upper electrode is installed obliquely with degassing means. By simply carrying the objects to be plated in horizontal direction, uniform and high quality electroplating can be continuously performed with extensive increase in productivity, while enjoying all of the benefits such as shorter interpolar distance between two electrodes, compact design of the apparatus, saving of expensive additives, etc. Further, the inspection of the diaphragm and the like can be rapidly and easily accomplished, and perfect protection of the diaphragm is assured, thus providing a horizontal carrying type electroplating apparatus suitable for practical use.

Abstract: A water treatment unit uses an electrolytic cell generating chlorine and ozone. The electrolyte is brine, and the separation between the anode and the cathode of the cell is 2-30 cm. The generated chlorine and ozone are added to a stream of water to be treated, with the interposition of a turbulence promoting arrangement. The unit operation is automatically regulated from the working times of the cell and volume of water to be treated, and/or electrometrical probes as chlorine detectors.

Abstract: A molded, one piece electrolytic cell head is provided which is obtained from a closed mold. The structure weighs more than 100 pounds and is comprised of bulk polymerized monomers having norbornene functionality. The structure provides improved performance over cell heads comprised of fiber glass reinforced polyester since fiber reinforcement is not required.