Abstract: A wafer adaptor ring assembly for adapting an adapted sized wafer for plasma dicing by a plasma etch chamber designed for dicing a designed sized wafer, which is larger than the adapted sized wafer is disclosed. The wafer adaptor ring assembly includes a primary wafer ring designed for plasma dicing the designed sized wafer by the plasma, an adhesive sheet attached to a bottom surface of the primary wafer ring, and an adapted sized wafer disposed on the adhesive sheet between the primary wafer ring and the adapted sized wafer. A method for forming the wafer adaptor ring assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A plasma process apparatus includes a chamber in which a plasma process is performed, an electrostatic chuck which supports a wafer inside the chamber and comprises a first portion and a second portion disposed on the first portion, a first electrode disposed inside the electrostatic chuck, a second electrode which is spaced apart from the first electrode inside the electrostatic chuck, surrounds the first electrode in a plane defined by the first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and is disposed on the same plane as the first electrode, a power supply configured to apply a voltage to each of the first electrode and the second electrode, a plurality of cooling gas supply lines which penetrates the electrostatic chuck in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions and is configured to provide a cooling gas to the wafer.

Abstract: In order to enable plasma density distribution control having a high degree of freedom to solve problems of not only in-plane uniformity of an etching processing but also a reduction of a charge-up damage, a plasma processing apparatus includes: a vacuum chamber provided with a plasma processing chamber that plasma-processes a substrate inside and is able to exhaust the inside of this plasma processing chamber to a vacuum; and a microwave power supply unit that is provided with a microwave source and a circular waveguide and supplies, via the circular waveguide, a microwave power oscillated from the microwave source to the vacuum chamber, in which the microwave power supply unit is configured by arranging a plurality of waveguides, which are coaxially and concentrically arranged with the circular waveguide and have different dielectric constants inside, between the circular waveguide and the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: In an etch process chamber, oscillators are positioned a predetermined distance away from an outer wall and coupled to a microwave generator. An inner wall of the process chamber on which particulates such as polymers adhere from the etch process is vibrated via operations of the oscillators. A gas flows into the cavity defined by the inner wall to collect the displaced particulates, which is then pumped out of the cavity to clean the process chamber. A controller identifies the polymer recipe used during the etch process and selects an oscillation program from memory. A microwave generator, controlled by the controller, is directed to generate microwaves at preselected frequencies determined from the program. The microwave frequencies are communicated to the oscillators, which then vibrate the inner wall at such received frequencies.

Abstract: Implementations of methods of forming a metal layer on a semiconductor wafer may include: placing a semiconductor wafer into an evaporator dome and adding a material to a crucible located a predetermined distance from the semiconductor wafer. The semiconductor wafer may include an average thickness of less than 39 microns. The method may also include heating the material in the crucible to a vapor and depositing the material on a second side of the semiconductor wafer.

Abstract: Physical vapor deposition methods for reducing the particulates deposited on the substrate are disclosed. The pressure during sputtering can be increased to cause agglomeration of the particulates formed in the plasma. The agglomerated particulates can be moved to an outer portion of the process chamber prior to extinguishing the plasma so that the agglomerates fall harmlessly outside of the diameter of the substrate.

Abstract: Processing chambers with a plurality of processing stations and individual wafer support surfaces are described. The processing stations and wafer support surfaces are arranged so that there is an equal number of processing stations and heaters. An RF generator is connected to a first electrode in a first station and a second electrode in a second station. A bottom RF path is formed by a connection between a first support surface and a second support surface.

Abstract: A correction data creating method is provided. In the method, a source voltage is sequentially selected among a plurality of source voltages determined in advance and the selected source voltage is supplied to a heater for heating a substrate support. At the source voltage supplied to the heater, a power supplied to the heater is adjusted such that a resistance of the heater becomes a resistance value corresponding to a predetermined first temperature based on temperature conversion data indicating a relationship between the resistance of the heater and a temperature of the heater. A temperature of the substrate support is measured at a position where the heater is disposed as a second temperature. A correction value corresponding to the difference between the predetermined first temperature and the second temperature is calculated, and correction data indicating a corresponding relationship between each of the source voltages and the correction value is created.

Abstract: The present application discloses a preventive maintenance method for a chamber of a metal etching machine. An optimized burning cleaning recipe is added before the chamber is opened, and metal substances remaining on the surface of an electrostatic chuck are removed by adopting a cleaning/pumping down multi-step alternate method. Before the chamber is opened for preventive maintenance, the phenomenon of metal particles remaining on the surface of the electrostatic chuck can be significantly improved, thus solving the downtime problem caused by abnormal backside helium and ensuring the stability of mass production.

Abstract: A film deposition apparatus includes a rotary table disposed in a vacuum chamber; multiple stages on each of which a substrate is placeable, the stages being arranged along a circumferential direction of the rotary table; a process area configured to supply a process gas toward an upper surface of the rotary table; a heat treatment area that is disposed apart from the process area in the circumferential direction of the rotary table and configured to heat-treat the substrate at a temperature higher than a temperature used in the process area; and a cooling area that is disposed apart from the heat treatment area in the circumferential direction of the rotary table and configured to cool the substrate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing a substrate are provided herein. For example, a processing chamber for processing a substrate comprises a sputtering target, a chamber wall at least partially defining an inner volume within the processing chamber and connected to ground, a power source comprising an RF power source, a process kit surrounding the sputtering target and a substrate support, an auto capacitor tuner (ACT) connected to ground and the sputtering target, and a controller configured to energize the cleaning gas disposed in the inner volume of the processing chamber to create the plasma and tune the sputtering target using the ACT to maintain a predetermined potential difference between the plasma in the inner volume and the process kit during the etch process to remove sputtering material from the process kit, wherein the predetermined potential difference is based on a resonant point of the ACT.

Abstract: A method of forming a conductive powder includes reducing, by a reduction reaction, a conductive powder precursor gas using a plasma to form the conductive powder. The method further includes filtering the conductive powder based on particle size. The method further includes dispersing a portion of the conductive powder having a particle size below a threshold value in a fluid.

Abstract: A heater power feeding mechanism is provided that divides a stage on which a substrate is placed into zones by using a plurality of heaters and can control a temperature of each of the zones. The heater power feeding mechanism includes a plurality of sets of heater terminals connected to any of the plurality of heaters by a segment unit when a set of the heater terminals is made one segment, a heater interconnection, and an interconnection structure configured to connect at least any of the plurality sets of the heater terminals with each other by using the heater interconnection by the segment unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnetron system, comprising a baseplate assembly. The baseplate assembly defining a housing portion and a power feedthrough. A sputtering target is disposed within the housing portion of the baseplate assembly. An electromagnetic assembly is disposed within the housing portion of the baseplate assembly. The electromagnetic assembly comprising a plurality of electromagnet pairs and a plurality of magnet pairs, wherein the plurality of electromagnet pairs and the plurality of magnet pairs are arranged in an alternating order such that at least one electromagnet pair of the plurality of electromagnet pairs is juxtapositioned between two magnet pairs of the plurality of magnet pairs, and at least one magnet pair of the plurality of magnet pairs is juxtapositioned between two electromagnet pairs of the plurality of electromagnet pairs.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes a chamber having a sidewall and a plasma processing space surrounded by the sidewall, and a first side gas inlet line and a second side gas inlet line configured to introduce at least one gas from the sidewall into the plasma processing space. The first side gas inlet line includes a plurality of first side gas injectors symmetrically arranged along a circumferential direction on the sidewall and configured to introduce the gas in a first direction into the plasma processing space. Further, the second side gas inlet line includes a plurality of second side gas injectors symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction on the sidewall and configured to introduce the gas in a second direction different from the first direction into the plasma processing space.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a high voltage waveform generator comprising: a generator inductor; a high voltage nanosecond pulser having one or more solid state switches electrically and/or inductively coupled with the generator inductor, the high voltage nanosecond pulser configured to produce a pulse burst having a burst period, the pulse burst comprising a plurality of pulses having different pulse widths; and a load electrically and/or inductively coupled with the high voltage nanosecond pulser, the generator inductor, and the generator capacitor, the voltage across the load having an output pulse with a pulse width substantially equal to the burst period and the voltage across the load varying in a manner that is substantially proportional with the pulse widths of the plurality of pulses.

Abstract: A connection control method in a substrate processing apparatus is provided. The substrate processing apparatus comprises: a depressurized processing room; a susceptor that is provided in the processing room and configured to mount a wafer thereon; a HF high frequency power supply configured to apply a high frequency voltage for plasma generation to the susceptor; a LF high frequency power supply configured to apply a high frequency voltage for a bias voltage generation to the susceptor; and a DC voltage applying unit configured to apply a DC voltage of a rectangle-shaped wave to the susceptor, capable of improving a processing controllability in an etching process. The connection control method comprises controlling connection or disconnection between the susceptor and the LF high frequency power supply and connection or disconnection between the susceptor and the DC voltage applying unit when plasma is generated in the processing room.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of pre-cleaning a semiconductor structure and to associated modular semiconductor process tools. The method includes the steps of: (i) providing a semiconductor structure having an exposed dielectric layer of an organic dielectric material, wherein the dielectric layer has one or more features formed therein which expose one or more electrically conductive structures to be pre-cleaned, in which the electrically conductive structures each include a metal layer, optionally with a barrier layer formed thereon, and the surface area of the exposed dielectric layer is greater than the surface area of the electrically conductive structures exposed by the dielectric layer; and (ii) pre-cleaning the semiconductor structure by performing an Ar/H2 sputter etch to remove material from the exposed electrically conductive structures and to remove organic dielectric material from the exposed dielectric layer.

Abstract: Described are cleaning methods for removing contaminants from an electrical contact interface of a partially fabricated semiconductor substrate. The methods may include introducing a halogen-containing species into a processing chamber, and forming an adsorption-limited layer, which includes halogen from the halogen-containing species, atop the electrical contact interface and/or the contaminants thereon. The methods may further include thereafter removing un-adsorbed halogen-containing species from the processing chamber and activating a reaction between the halogen of the adsorption-limited layer and the contaminants present on the electrical contact interface. The reaction may then result in the removal of at least a portion of the contaminants from the electrical contact interface. In some embodiments, the halogen adsorbed onto the surface and reacted may be fluorine. Also described herein are apparatuses having controllers for implementing such electrical contact interface cleaning techniques.

Abstract: In order to easily exchange a depleted dielectric member in a substrate processing apparatus, a faraday shield provided opposite to an antenna across a component member made of a dielectric, a first dielectric member provided opposite to the antenna across the component member and the faraday shield, and a second dielectric member provided opposite to the antenna across the component member, the faraday shield, and the first dielectric member are provided, and the second dielectric member is placed on a protrusion part formed on a vacuum container in the substrate processing apparatus.

Abstract: Planetary carriers (22) for workpieces mounted on a carousel (19) are provided within a vacuum chamber. A source (24) for a cloud comprising ions (CL) is provided so that a central axis (ACL) of the cloud intercepts the rotary axis (A20) of the carousel (19). The cloud (CL) has an ion density profile at the moving path (T) of planetary axes (A22) which drops to 50% of the maximum ion density at a distance from the addressed center axis (ACL) which is at most half the diameter of the planetary carriers (22). When workpieces upon the planetary carriers (22) are etched by the cloud comprising ions material which is etched off is substantially not redeposited on neighboring planetary carriers but rather ejected towards the wall of the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A radio-frequency antenna includes a linear antenna conductor, a dielectric protective pipe provided around the antenna conductor, and a deposit shield provided around the protective pipe, the deposit shield covering at least one portion of the protective pipe and having at least one opening on any line extending along the length of the antenna conductor. Although the thin-film material adheres to the surfaces of the protective pipe and the deposit shield, the deposited substance has at least one discontinuous portion in the longitudinal direction of the antenna conductor. Therefore, in the case where the thin-film material is electrically conductive, the blocking of the radio-frequency induction electric field is prevented. In the case where the thin-film material is not electrically conductive, an attenuation in the intensity of the radio-frequency induction electric field is suppressed.

Abstract: In a method of irradiating a gas cluster ion beam on a solid surface and smoothing the solid surface, the angle formed between the solid surface and the gas cluster ion beam is chosen to be between 1° and an angle less than 30°. In case the solid surface is relatively rough, the processing efficiency is raised by first irradiating a beam at an irradiation angle ? chosen to be something like 90° as a first step, and subsequently at an irradiation angle ? chosen to be 1° to less than 30° as a second step. Alternatively, the set of the aforementioned first step and second step is repeated several times.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus as well as a method for polishing, observing, and additionally polishing a sample in a vacuum with a charged particle beam apparatus furnished with no other apparatus. The charged particle beam apparatus has a vacuum chamber equipped with a liquid bath containing an ion liquid and a supersonic vibration means. With the ion liquid kept in contact with a polishing target area of the sample, supersonic vibration is propagated in the ion liquid to polish the sample. Because the charged particle beam apparatus permits polishing, observation, and additional polishing of the sample in a vacuum without being furnished with any additional apparatus, throughput is improved and the effects of the atmosphere on the sample are prevented.

Abstract: An apparatus for preparing specimens for microscopy including equipment for providing two or more of each of the following specimen processing activities under continuous vacuum conditions: plasma cleaning the specimen, ion beam or reactive ion beam etching the specimen, plasma etching the specimen and coating the specimen with a conductive material. Also, an apparatus and method for detecting a position of a surface of the specimen in a processing chamber, wherein the detected position is used to automatically move the specimen to appropriate locations for subsequent processing.

Abstract: A method according to one embodiment includes placing a substrate in a chamber; and plasma sputtering the substrate in a presence of a non-zero pressure of a vapor, wherein the vapor at the non-zero pressure is effective to diminish an etch rate of a first material of the substrate. A plasma sputtering apparatus according to one embodiment includes a chamber; a reservoir in the chamber for releasing a vapor at an established rate; a mount for a substrate; and a plasma source.

Abstract: A processed object processing apparatus which enables a plurality of processes to be carried out efficiently. A plurality of treatment systems are communicably connected together in a line and in which the objects to be processed are processed. A load lock system is communicably connected to the treatment systems and has a transfer mechanism that transfers the objects to be processed into and out of each of the treatment systems. At least one of the treatment systems is a vacuum treatment system, and the load lock system is disposed in a position such as to form a line with the treatment systems.

Abstract: An etching chamber is equipped with an actively-cooled element preferentially adsorbs volatile compounds that are evolved from a polymeric layer of a wafer during etching, which compounds will act as contaminants if re-deposited on the wafer, for example on exposed metal contact portions where they may interfere with subsequent deposition of metal contact layers. In desirable embodiments, a getter sublimation pump is also provided in the etching chamber as a source of getter material. Methods of etching in such a chamber are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for formation of element(s) of an electrochemical cell using a complete process. The apparatus includes a first work piece configured to a transfer device, a source of material in fluid form, a reaction region operably coupled to the source of material and a second work piece configured within a distance of the reaction region. The apparatus also has an energy source configured to the reaction region to subject a portion of the material to energy to substantially evaporate the portion of the material within a time period and cause deposition of a gaseous species derived from the evaporated material onto a surface region of the second work piece to form a thickness of material for a component of the solid state electrochemical device and a vacuum chamber to maintain at least the first and second work pieces, the reaction region, and the material within a vacuum environment.

Abstract: A method and system for performing gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) etch processing of various materials is described. In particular, the GCIB etch processing includes setting one or more GCIB properties of a GCIB process condition for the GCIB to achieve one or more target etch process metrics.

Abstract: A method includes forming a resist film on an etching target layer disposed on a test substrate, and performing sequential light exposure with a predetermined test pattern on the resist film sequentially at a plurality of areas, while respectively using different combinations of a light exposure amount and a focus value, along with subsequent development, thereby forming resist patterns at the plurality of areas; then etching the etching target layer, removing the resist patterns, and measuring shapes of etched patterns at the plurality of areas by means of a scatterometory technique; and determining a management span of combinations of a light exposure amount and a focus value admissible to obtain an etched pattern with a predetermined shape, with reference to the light exposure amounts and focus values used in the sequential light exposure, the line widths of the resist patterns, and the line widths of the etched patterns.

Abstract: A system and method of forming a thin film solar cell with a metallic foil substrate are provided. After forming a semiconductor absorber film over the front surface of the metallic foil substrate a back surface of the metallic foil substrate is treated using a material removal process to form a treated back surface in a process chamber. In one embodiment, the material removal process is performed while depositing a transparent conductive layer over the semiconductor absorber film in the process chamber.

Abstract: A vacuum process for etching a metal strip running over a backing roll facing a counterelectrode by magnetron sputtering, and a vacuum chamber etching installation implementing the process. A plasma is created in a gas close to the metal strip so as to generate radicals and/or ions that act on the strip, and at least one closed magnetic circuit, the width of which is approximately equal to that of the metal strip, is selected from a series of at least two closed magnetic circuits of different and fixed widths, then the selected magnetic circuit is positioned so as to face the metal strip, and then the etching of the moving metal strip is carried out.

Abstract: A method and system of etching a metal nitride, such as titanium nitride, is described. The etching process comprises introducing a process composition having a halogen containing gas, such as Cl2, HBr, or BCl3, and a hydrocarbon gas having the chemical formula CxHy, where x and y are equal to unity or greater.

Abstract: Disclosed is a capacitively-coupled plasma etching apparatus, in which a focus ring is provided surrounding a substrate placing area of a placing table for adjusting a state of plasma. A ring type insulating member is installed along the focus ring between the top surface of the placing table and the bottom surface of the focus ring, and a heat transfer member is installed between the top surface of the placing table and the bottom surface of the focus ring to be closely attached to the top surface and the bottom surface at a position adjacent to the insulating member in a diameter direction of a wafer. During the plasma processing, the heat in the focus ring is transferred to the placing table through the heat transfer member to be cooled down and the amount of sediment attached to the rear surface of the wafer can be reduced.

Abstract: Provided is a hollow cathode sputtering target comprising an inner bottom face having a surface roughness of Ra?1.0 ?m, and preferably Ra?0.5 ?m. This hollow cathode sputtering target has superior sputter film evenness (uniformity), generates few arcing and particles, is capable of suppressing the peeling of the redeposited film on the bottom face, and has superior deposition characteristics.

Abstract: A electromagnet array structure including multiple electromagnetic coils captured in a rigid encapsulant, for example, of cured epoxy resin, to form a unitary free-standing structure which can be placed around the walls of a plasma processing chamber. A liquid cooling coil may also be captured in the encapsulant between the electromagnetic coils. The structure may additionally include water fittings, locating pins, through tubes for chamber bolts, and lifting brackets.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making a heated substrate support assembly used in a processing chamber is provided. The processing chamber includes a substrate support assembly, having a first plate and a second plate with grooves disposed therein for receiving one or more heating elements, and a power source for heating the substrate support assembly. A first surface of the first plate and a second surface of the second plate include one or more matching structures disposed thereon, such that both plates can be compressed together by isostatic compression and form into a plate-like structure for supporting a substrate during substrate processing. In another embodiment, the first and second plates are compressed by applying pressure all around. In still another embodiment, compressing the first and second plates is performed at elevated temperature.

Abstract: In a method in which two anodes are operated alternately opposite each other as plasma discharge anodes and as cathodes for self-cleaning, and the cathodes of the plasma discharge are recurrently briefly reversed in polarity, and an arrangement comprising a cathode and a first and a second anode supplied with voltage by an H-bridge circuit, pole reversal of cathode voltage is effected by a pulse current supply, at least one anode is maintained at positive potential at all times and the other anode intermittently at negative potential during an etching time, and the H-bridge circuit is operationally connected to the pulse current supply, such that at least one anode is at positive potential at all times.

Abstract: A system for imprint lithography, which includes a substrate, a patterned mask, an imprint applying unit that imprints, via the patterned mask, a pattern into a resist layer on the substrate, and an overlay device that overlays a cladding layer over the substrate.

Abstract: A system includes a collimated beam source within a vacuum chamber, a condensable barrier gas, cooling material, a pump, and isolation chambers cooled by the cooling material to condense the barrier gas. Pressure levels of each isolation chamber are substantially greater than in the vacuum chamber. Coaxially-aligned orifices connect a working chamber, the isolation chambers, and the vacuum chamber. The pump evacuates uncondensed barrier gas. The barrier gas blocks entry of atmospheric vapor from the working chamber into the isolation chambers, and undergoes supersonic flow expansion upon entering each isolation chamber. A method includes connecting the isolation chambers to the vacuum chamber, directing vapor to a boundary with the working chamber, and supersonically expanding the vapor as it enters the isolation chambers via the orifices. The vapor condenses in each isolation chamber using the cooling material, and uncondensed vapor is pumped out of the isolation chambers via the pump.

Abstract: A method for cleaning an optical element of an extreme ultraviolet light source device for removing, from the optical element in a chamber, scattered matter generated together with extreme ultraviolet light by plasma formed through laser beam excitation of a target in the chamber, the method which comprises: making the scattered matter generated by the plasma no larger than nanosize by using solid tin as the target and using a CO2 laser as an excitation source of the solid tin; and imparting, to the scattered matter no larger than the nanosize adhered to the optical element, an effect of overcoming the adherence of the scattered matter.

Abstract: A reactor for carrying out an etching method for a stack of masked wafers, using an etching gas, preferably chlorotrifluoride (ClF3), wherein the reactor includes a device for carrying out a plasma process. An etching method for masked wafers, using an etching gas, preferably chlorotrifluoride (ClF3), the wafer being pretreated in a plasma process before an etching process, wherein the wafer pretreatment and the etching process for a stack of wafers take place in a reactor chamber.

Abstract: Deposition apparatus for uniformly forming material on a substrate in accordance with an exemplary embodiment is provided. The deposition apparatus includes an energy source, an electrode in a facing, spaced relationship with respect to the substrate, and interface structure joined to the electrode. The interface structure is configured to electrically couple energy from the energy source through and about the interface structure to the electrode for formation of a substantially uniform electric field between the electrode and a predetermined area of the substrate when the interface structure is supplied with energy from the energy source.

Abstract: An organic film and a metal electrode (a cathode film) are formed on an indium tin oxide (ITO) of a substrate. The plasma processing apparatus supplies at least one of a predetermined processing gas for chemically reacting with the organic film and a predetermined inert gas for sputtering the organic film from a gas supply source into a processing container, wherein the metal electrode is used as a mask. The plasma processing gas also supplies microwaves from a microwave generator as energy for exciting the at least one of the predetermined processing gas and the predetermined inert gas. The plasma processing apparatus generates plasma from the at least one of the predetermined processing gas and the predetermined inert gas supplied to the processing container by using electric field energy of the microwaves, and etches the organic film by using the generated plasma.

Abstract: A method for the continuous cleaning of the surface of a material (2) which is coated with an organic substance. Steps of the method are: introducing the material (2) into a treatment area which is supplied with a gas stream containing oxygen; earthing the material (2); and generating a plasma by imposing an electric field between the surface of the material (2) and at least one dielectric-covered electrode (3), the electric field being pulsed and providing a succession of positive and negative voltage pulses in relation to the material (2). Moreover, the maximum voltage of the positive pulses U+ is greater than the arc-striking voltage Ua, and the maximum absolute value of the voltage of the negative pulses U? is less than the striking voltage Ua+. Also, a generator and a device which are used to carry out this method.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes a processing gas supplying unit for supplying a desired processing gas to a processing space between an upper electrode and a lower electrode which are disposed facing each other in an evacuable processing chamber. The plasma processing apparatus further includes a radio frequency (RF) power supply unit for applying an RF power to one of the lower and the upper electrode to generate plasma of the processing gas by RF discharge and an electrically conductive RF ground member which covers a periphery portion of the electrode to which the RF power is applied to receive RF power emitted outwardly in radial directions from the periphery portion of the electrode to which the RF power is applied and send the received RF power to a ground line.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing features having a surface roughness in a substrate includes, according to one embodiment, a conductive first electrode disposed in opposition to a conductive second electrode, where the first and second electrodes are spaced apart from each other by a distance adapted for generating a microplasma therebetween. The second electrode is a substrate, and the first electrode and the substrate are configured for relative motion in at least two opposing directions. A feature comprising a surface roughness of greater than about 10 nm is formed in the substrate when the microplasma is generated. Preferably the feature has a width of about 300 nm or less. A plurality of the features (e.g., an ordered array of features) may be produced in the substrate, if desired. The substrate may be a silver-coated glass substrate used for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis of biochemical molecules.

Abstract: In a plasma processing apparatus for performing a plasma process on a target substrate, a baffle plate has an opening through which the process passes and partitions the internal space of the processing container into a plasma process space and an exhaust space, the opening being a single continuous slit. The baffle plate is disposed in an annular gas exhaust path around the mounting table, and the slit includes a plurality of linear slit portions extending in a radial direction of the annular baffle plate and a plurality of curved slit portions, each of which interconnects ends of a pair of the adjacent linear slit portions, so that the slit is formed in a wave shape in its entirety.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation source includes a toroidal chamber that contains an ionizable medium. The electromagnetic radiation source also includes a magnetic core that surrounds a portion of the toroidal chamber. The electromagnetic radiation source also includes a pulse power system for providing pulses of energy to the magnetic core for delivering power to a plasma formed in the toroidal chamber to produce electromagnetic radiation that radiates radially through walls of the toroidal chamber.