Abstract: An anomaly diagnosing apparatus and method for a gas sensor which includes a heater control section; a measurement section which outputs a detection signal for detecting an internal resistance of the gas sensor through a solid electrolyte via connection terminals and the electrodes within the gas sensor and which measures the internal resistance of the gas sensor based on a response signal input via the connection terminals in response to the output of the detection signal; and a diagnosing section which heats the solid electrolyte by use of the heater control section, obtains, after the start of heating, a first time required to reach a first resistance and a second time required to reach a second resistance different from the first resistance, and determines whether or not the gas sensor is anomalous by comparing a predetermined threshold value and a ratio of the first to second times.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided wherein a sensor which comprises at least two electrodes and a movable part is alternately biased with at least two different voltages.

Abstract: Provided is a moisture detection device including: a moisture detection label that has at least a pair of detection terminals and a pattern, the detection terminals being provided on abase material with an insulated front surface, the pattern being provided on the surface of the base material and formed between the detection terminals with water-dispersible and conductive paint; and detection circuit which detects an electrical connection state between the detection terminals.

Abstract: A small, portable, and inexpensive potentiostat circuit that is suitable for wide-spread electrochemical analysis is disclosed. The potentiostat may be fabricated as a stand-alone electrical component or it may be fabricated in conjunction with a Programmable System-on-Chip (SoC) to facilitate on-the-fly calibration and configuration.

Abstract: In a NOx sensor control apparatus (1), a NOx sensor includes a heater (164), and an oxygen concentration detection cell (130), a first pumping cell (110) and a second pumping cell (120) which are arranged sequentially in the axis O direction. The NOx sensor control apparatus 1 includes a first impedance detection means (59a, 60) which detects the first impedance of the first cell (oxygen concentration detection cell), a heater control means (60) which performs an energization control of a heater such that the first impedance becomes a target value, a second impedance detection means (59b, 60) which detects the second impedance of the second cell (second pumping cell), and an output correction means (60) which corrects an output of at least the third cell (first pumping cell) based on the deviation between the first impedance and the second impedance.

Abstract: Embodiments for determining oxygen concentration using an oxygen sensor are provided. In one example, a method for determining oxygen concentration O2 in a gas flow of an internal combustion engine which is equipped with an engine controller and an oxygen sensor comprises determining the oxygen concentration O2,sens of the gas flow in a ceramic measurement cell of the sensor by current ISens which is detected by measurement and which flows when a constant voltage USens is applied and maintained, and correcting the oxygen concentration based on a pressure pSens at the measurement cell. In this way, the measured oxygen concentration may be corrected based on the pressure of the air at the sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for analyte detection.

Abstract: A gas measuring system, having a measurement sensor (1) which records an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine and has an outer electrode (6), which is exposed to the exhaust gas to be measured, a first measuring cell (4), a second measuring cell (8) that is connected to the first measuring cell (4), and in which a measuring electrode (10) is arranged, and a reference electrode (11) that is exposed to the ambient air. The measuring cells (4, 8) are located in a solid electrolyte (2), and all the electrodes (10, 11) are in contact with the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: To reduce the pixel size to the smallest dimensions and simplest form of operation, a pixel may be formed by using only one ion sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET). This one-transistor, or 1T, pixel can provide gain by converting the drain current to voltage in the column. Configurable pixels can be created to allow both common source read out as well as source follower read out. A plurality of the 1T pixels may form an array, having a number of rows and a number of columns and a column readout circuit in each column. A cascoded device enabled during readout may be used to provide increased programmable gain.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus for an electrochemical measuring device. The apparatus has at least one electrode, which can be heated using a heating current in the form of an alternating current, and a first and a second connection for the supply line for the heating current. The electrochemical measuring device is connected to the electrode by a third connection. In this case, the apparatus has the third connection connected to the electrode by a bridge circuit, which is also connected to the first and second connections. There also is provided a method for carrying out electrochemical measurements at elevated temperature. The sensor apparatus and the method for carrying out electrochemical measurements enable electrochemical measurements with little interference and directly heated electrodes in conjunction with a simplified design of the electrodes.

Abstract: A method of correcting NOx sensor includes the steps of preparing a corrective map in advance, finding an existing proportion of NO or NO2 in a mixture of NOx in exhaust gases before coming into an NOx sensor, and correcting an NOx concentration that the NOx sensor detects actually. The corrective map records relationships between temperature physical quantities that are relevant to a temperature of the exhaust gases, oxygen-concentration physical quantities that are relevant to an oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases, and the existing proportion. The existing proportion is found with reference to the corrective map using the temperature physical quantities and oxygen-concentration physical quantities that are detected actually. The NOx concentration is corrected on the basis of not only the existing proportion but also a difference between an NO2 diffusion velocity and an NO diffusion velocity.

Abstract: An article suitable for conducting one or more assays with an apparatus, e.g., a meter, for determining the presence or concentration of an analyte in a sample of biological fluid. The article contains a plurality of biosensors arranged in such a manner that each of the biosensors can be utilized before the article must be removed from the apparatus.

Abstract: An electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip includes an insulation sheet having an insulating property and including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to each other in a thickness direction, and electrode members having a conductivity and held by the insulation sheet in portions piercing the insulation sheet in a thickness direction, one ends of the electrode members located on the top surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to the analyte, other ends located on the bottom surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to the electrodes of the transducer, recesses for trapping the analyte being formed in the top surface of the insulation sheet so as to correspond to the electrode members, the one ends of the electrode members being exposed at a bottom of the recesses.

Abstract: An electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip includes an insulation sheet having an insulating property and including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to each other in a thickness direction, and electrode members having a conductivity and held by the insulation sheet with the electrode members piercing the insulation sheet in a thickness direction, one ends of the electrode members located on the top surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an analyte, the other ends located on the bottom surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an electrodes of a transducer, at least the one ends of the electrode members being made of a mixture of conductive particles and an insulating material.

Abstract: In one embodiment, there is provided a fuel cell evaluator for evaluating a characteristic of a fuel cell based on a frequency characteristic of impedance of the fuel cell. The evaluator includes: an impedance acquisition unit configured to acquire impedances of the fuel cell for a certain current value in a Tafel region by changing a measurement frequency; an extraction unit configured to extract a reaction resistance from the acquired impedances; a calculator configured to calculate the product of the reaction resistance and the certain current value; and an indicator configured to indicate the product calculated by the calculator as the frequency characteristic of the impedance of the fuel cell.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for detecting interaction between substances includes a reaction field for allowing the interaction to proceed between the substances, and a voltage application section for applying a voltage to a working electrode arranged facing the reaction field such that a predetermined electrodynamic effect is given to the reaction field. The voltage application section is provided with a section for superimposingly applying two sinusoidal voltages of different frequencies to generate a beat. Also disclosed herein is a method for detecting interaction between substances in a procedure of allowing the interaction to proceed between the substances by making use of a predetermined electrodynamic effect, the method includes the step of applying two sinusoidal voltages of different frequencies superimposingly to generate a beat such that an electrochemical reaction is suppressed in a reaction field where the interaction is allowed to proceed.

Abstract: There is described a method for determining single cell current efficiency in an electrolyser, the method comprising: measuring voltage of a plurality of single cells in the electrolyser; measuring electrolyser current feeding the single cells; detecting one of a shutdown period and a start-up period; and for each single cell: determining a time t taken for a voltage level to reach a predetermined occurrence in a voltage curve after a polarization current has been triggered; and calculating cell current efficiency as a function of the time t.

Abstract: A degradation detector of an exhaust gas sensor is disclosed. The detector comprises a first heater resistance estimator (16) for estimating a resistance of a heater that heats the exhaust gas sensor, based on a device resistance of the exhaust gas sensor; a heater resistance calculator (17) for calculating a resistance of the heater, based on a heater current of the heater; and a degradation determiner (18) for determining whether the exhaust gas sensor is degraded, by comparing the estimated resistance of the heater and the calculated resistance of the heater.

Abstract: Provided is a dissolved oxygen measurement system. The dissolved oxygen measurement system includes a hydrogen storage device storing hydrogen, a first hydrogen fuel cell in which the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device and water supplied from the outside in real time react with each other to generate first electricity energy, a water storage tank storing the water supplied from the outside, a second hydrogen fuel cell in which the water supplied from the water storage tank and the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device react with each other to generate second electricity energy, and a control unit analyzing a difference between the first electricity energy and the second electricity energy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a test strip for measuring a concentration of an analyte of interest in a biological fluid, wherein the test strip may be encoded with information that can be read by a test meter into which the test strip is inserted. In one embodiment, a first test strip comprises: a first measurement electrode connectable to a test meter; a first trace loop with a first associated resistance, where the first trace loop is connectable to the test meter; and a second trace loop with a second associated resistance, where the second trace loop is connectable to the test meter. The test meter is adapted to: receive the first test strip; connect to the first measurement electrode, the first trace loop, and the second trace loop; and obtain a first resistance ratio by comparing the first and second associated resistances.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor system for sensing free radicals or materials which generate free radicals in solution includes a working electrode coated with a plurality of cerium oxide nanoparticles and a counter electrode. A solution to be analyzed provides electrolytes to electrically couple the working electrode to the counter electrode. Electronics are connected to at least one of the working and counter electrodes for measuring and amplifying an electrical current signal generated by reduction or oxidation occurring at the working electrode, wherein in a presence of free radicals an electrical current signal flows between the working electrode and the counter electrode. The system can be used to sense the presence of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Method for electrochemically detecting different oxidant and halide anion species in a sample. According to one embodiment, the method uses a sensor including a boron-doped diamond working electrode, a platinum mesh counter electrode, a silver/silver chloride reference electrode, a potentiostat coupled to the three electrodes, and a computer coupled to the potentiostat. The sensor measures current resulting from differential pulse non-stripping voltammetry, thereby enabling different oxidants and halide anions from a plurality of such species to be detected by distinct responses. Peaks in the current signal result at characteristic voltages when a species is oxidized to a higher oxidation state, and the concentration of a particular species is determined by the magnitude of the current peak. The sensor response time is rapid and shows high sensitivity and selectivity for oxidants and halide anions. The sensor may be a hand-held or in-line device and may be used in a feedback-control system.

Abstract: A sensor (1) including a plate-shaped sensor element (21) extending in a front-rear direction and having at least 3 electrode terminals (25) provided on at least one side surface (24) of the sensor element at intervals in a lateral direction; a plurality of metallic terminal members (51a, 51b) connected to the electrode terminals (25) of the sensor element (21); and a separator (71) surrounding and insulating the plurality of metallic terminal members (51a, 51b). The metallic terminal members (51a, 51b) each has a crimp portion (57a, 57b) formed at a rear end thereof and a lead wire (61) is crimp-connected to the crimp portion (57a, 57b). The crimp portions (57a) located at opposite sides with respect to the lateral direction face the side surface (24) of the sensor element (21), whereas the crimp portion (57b) faces away from the side surface (24) of the sensor element (21).

Abstract: A fluid sampling element is adapted to receive a fluid sample, but also includes a pH sensor element adapted to measure pH of the fluid sample and a reference sensor element. The pH sensor element and the reference sensor element are adapted to generate a potential difference between each other based on the pH of the fluid sample. The pH of the fluid sample can be measured and the fluid sampling element can then be readily disposed of.

Abstract: Devices for detecting an analyte comprising a redox active analyte sensitive material on a working electrode and computer assisted signal acquisition and processing.

Abstract: An electrochemical gas sensor testing device that includes a test signal generator that generates a multiplexed signal that includes a first test signal that includes alternating current (AC) and is free from a direct current (DC) component and a second signal that includes a DC bias voltage, an electrochemical cell that includes a counter electrode, a sensing electrode, and an electrolyte, the counter electrode and the sensing electrode being in electrical communication with the electrolyte and each other, the counter electrode being in electrical communication with the signal generator to receive the multiplexed signal generated by the signal generator, and a processor that receives an AC signal from the sensing electrode and that analyzes the AC signal.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the invention, a method of determining hydration of a sensor having a plurality of electrodes is disclosed. In particular embodiments, the method couples a sensor electronics device to the sensor and measures the open circuit potential between at least two of the plurality of electrodes. Then, the open circuit potential measurement is compared to a predetermined value. In some embodiments, the plurality of electrodes includes a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode. In still further embodiments, the open circuit potential between the working electrode and the reference electrode is measured. In other embodiments, the open circuit potential between the working electrode and the counter electrode is measured. In still other embodiments, the open circuit potential between the counter electrode and the reference electrode is measured.

Abstract: The multichannel potentiostat comprises a reference terminal, a counter-electrode terminal, and at least two working terminals, respectively designed to be connected to a reference electrode, a counter-electrode and at least two working electrodes of an electrochemical cell. The potentiostat comprises first and second regulating circuits to apply a setpoint voltage respectively between the first and second working terminals and the reference terminal. The potentiostat comprises a control circuit of the counter-electrode voltage applied to the counter-electrode terminal. The control circuit comprises a first input terminal connected to a predefined potential and a second input terminal to which a regulating voltage representative of at least one of the voltages of the working terminals is applied.

Abstract: There is described a method for ensuring and monitoring electrolyzer safety and performances in a manufacturing process which uses at least one electrolyzing cell containing at least one cathode and at least one anode separated by a membrane, comprising the step of: determining a safe single voltage operation range depending of the current and corresponding to the normally working electrolyzing cell; determining a reference voltage deviation depending on the time derivation of the current; measuring the voltage over time at the terminals of the electrolyzing cell; determining the measured voltage deviation by calculating the time derivative of the measured voltage; comparing the measured voltage to the safe single voltage operation range and the measured voltage deviation to the reference voltage deviation over time; stopping the manufacturing process when the measured voltage is outside the safe single voltage operation range or the difference between the measured voltage deviation and the reference voltage

Abstract: Methods for distinguishing between an aqueous non-blood sample (e.g., a control solution) and a blood sample are provided herein. In one aspect, the method includes using a test strip in which multiple current transients are measured by a meter electrically connected to an electrochemical test strip. The current transients are used to determine if a sample is a blood sample or an aqueous non-blood sample based on characteristics of the sample (e.g., amount of interferent present, reaction kinetics, and/or capacitance). The method can also include calculating a discrimination criteria based upon these characteristics. Various aspects of a system for distinguishing between a blood sample and an aqueous non-blood sample are also provided herein.

Abstract: Concentric bipolar electrode sensors and assemblies provide for and/or facilitate detection and diagnosis of the non-obstructive and pro-inflammatory atherosclerotic lesions in human arteries during catheterization using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Fabrication techniques for concentric bipolar electrode sensors are also described.

Abstract: An electronic fluidic interface for use with an electronic sensing chip is provided. The electronic fluidic interface provides fluidic reagents to the surface of a sensor chip. The electronic sensing chip typically houses an array of electronic sensors capable of collecting data in a parallel manner. The electronic fluidic interface is used, for example, as part of a system that drives the chip and collects, stores, analyzes, and displays data from the chip and as part of a system for testing chips after manufacture. The electronic fluidic interface is useful, for example, nucleic sequencing applications.

Abstract: A potentiostat is provided for a biosensor circuit and permits sequential and simultaneous measurements to be performed at different cells across a matrix of biosensing devices. Accordingly, a potentiostat comprises a first differential amplifier for receiving a scanning voltage at a first input terminal and a voltage at the reference electrode at a second input terminal and for generating an output voltage at an output terminal to be applied to the working electrode, wherein, when in use, a feedback loop of the potentiostat circuit is closed between the reference electrode and the working electrode.

Abstract: Method for determining ion concentration or concentration of a substance in a solution by means of an ion selective, field effect transistor or an ion sensitive sensor having an EIS structure. The method comprises steps as follows: at least at a predetermined point in time of a first measuring phase, the potential lying on the electrode is sensed relative to a reference potential; before beginning a sterilization- and/or cleaning phase following the first measuring phase, the last voltage sensed during the first measuring phase is stored; and at the beginning of a second measuring phase following the sterilization- and/or cleaning phase, is the voltage stored during the sterilization phase is applied on the electrode.

Abstract: An analyte test strip for use with a test meter includes a first insulating layer, a first electrically conductive layer disposed on the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer disposed above the first insulating layer, and a patterned spacer layer, positioned between the first insulating layer and the first electrically conductive layer, that defines a sample-receiving chamber. Moreover, the electrically conductive layer includes an electrode portion that is divided into a first electrode sub-portion and a second electrode sub-portion. The electrically conductive layer also includes (i) a first electrical contact pad in electrical communication with the first electrode sub-portion and configured to communicate an electrical response of the first electrical sub-portion to the test meter, and (ii) a second electrical contact pad in electrical communication with the second electrode sub-portion and configured to communicate an electrical response of the second electrical sub-portion to the test meter.

Abstract: The presence of a select analyte in the sample is evaluated in an electrochemical system using a conduction cell-type apparatus. A potential or current is generated between the two electrodes of the cell sufficient to bring about oxidation or reduction of the analyte or of a mediator in an analyte-detection redox system, thereby forming a chemical potential gradient of the analyte or mediator between the two electrodes After the gradient is established, the applied potential or current is discontinued and an analyte-independent signal is obtained from the relaxation of the chemical potential gradient. The analyte-independent signal is used to correct the analyte-dependent signal obtained during application of the potential or current.

Abstract: A storage container with a sensor device and a refrigerator having the same. A pair of electrode terminals is exposed from the lower surface of a sensor plate installed on the inner surface of the bottom of the storage container, thereby improving reliability in measurement.

Abstract: A method includes identifying first data associated with cyclic voltammetry measurements of a material being examined. The cyclic voltammetry measurements include applying a varying first voltage to the material and measuring a first current. The method also includes identifying second data associated with impedance measurements. The impedance measurements include applying a second voltage to the material and measuring a second current. The second data includes a scaling factor. The method further includes adjusting at least part of the first data using the scaling factor and identifying a composition of the material using the adjusted first data. The first data could include a current versus voltage curve that associates values of the first current to values of a sweep voltage. The first data could be adjusted by normalizing the curve using the scaling factor, and the normalized curve could be used to generate a current derivative curve.

Abstract: Chemical sensors whose active element exhibits both a visual change in color and a measurable change in electrical resistance when exposed to an analyte to which it selectively reacts are provided. These sensor have several unique features including vastly improved stability measured in years, irreversible visual changes and surprisingly reversible electrical changes. The combined unique features enable a new generation of ultra low power alerting, alarming and readout devices for hydrazines and other strongly reducing chemicals.

Abstract: A gas sensor control device is disclosed as including a sensor cell having a negative terminal, to which a current-voltage converter is connected, and a differential amplifier is connected to the current-voltage converter to provide a current measured result applied to a microcomputer. The current-voltage converter has an opposite-to-sensor terminal to which another differential amplifier is connected. A sensor-side terminal of the current-voltage converter and another differential amplifier is electrically connected to each other via an electric pathway having a sensor-current flow disabling pathway in which a switch circuit is provided. Closing the switch circuit allows a potential difference between both terminals of the current-voltage converter is zeroed. With the switch circuit closed, the microcomputer calculates an element current correcting value, while detecting an electromotive force of the sensor cell based on which a failure is determined.

Abstract: A measurement device measuring a solution and including a reference voltage generating unit, a plurality of sensing units, a reading unit and a processing unit is disclosed. The reference voltage generating unit is disposed in the solution to generate a reference voltage. The sensing units are disposed in the solution to generate a plurality of output signals relating to the reference voltage. The reading unit outputs a reading signal according to one of the output signals. The processing unit generates a measuring signal according to the reading signals.

Abstract: A biological molecule detection device that includes a detection array, arranged on a body and having one or more probes for detecting corresponding electrically charged molecules, wherein a time varying electric field generating circuit is provided for generating at least one time varying electric field around the detection array within the detection region. The time varying electric field moves the electrical charged molecules repeatedly back and forth over the probes, thus providing increased opportunities for interaction and speeding the detection process.

Abstract: A microfluidic test module for detecting target nucleic acid sequences in a fluid, the test module having an outer casing having an inlet for receiving the fluid containing the target nucleic acid sequences, electrode pairs for receiving an electrical pulse, electrochemiluminescent (ECL) probe spots in contact with each of the electrode pairs respectively, the ECL probe spots containing ECL probes having an ECL luminophore for emitting photons when in an excited state and a functional moiety for quenching photon emission from the ECL luminophore by resonant energy transfer, such that the electrical pulse to the electrode pair excites the ECL luminophores, wherein, the mass of the ECL probes in each of the probe spots is less than 270 picograms.

Abstract: Methods of determining analyte concentration. The methods use a fraction of the predicted total charge, from analyte electrolysis, instead of using time, for determination of a data collection endpoint. The total charge is then extrapolated from the data collection endpoint. The analyte concentration is determined from the total charge.

Abstract: A chlorine gas sensor system includes carbon nanotubes at least partially coated with a metal oxide deposited on a substrate, and a source of infra-red light positioned to illuminate at least a portion of the coated nanotubes.

Abstract: A sensor, and methods of making, for determining the concentration of an analyte, such as glucose or lactate, in a biological fluid such as blood or serum, using techniques such as coulometry, amperometry, and potentiometry. The sensor includes a working electrode and a counter electrode, and can include an insertion monitoring trace to determine correct positioning of the sensor in a connector.

Abstract: A sensor supervision system for periodically providing a test to accesses the status of a gas detection sensor, such as a carbon monoxide (CO) sensor, is provided. To access the status of the CO sensor, a processor provides a voltage to the sensor supervision system, such that a voltage is applied to CO sensor, charging the CO sensor. The status of the CO sensor is accessed by determining the change in the voltage charge of the CO sensor between two sampling time points. If the first sample voltage is substantially equal to the second sample voltage, i.e., a substantially constant voltage, the carbon monoxide sensor fails the test. However, if there is an change is the voltage change between the first and second sampled time points, the CO sensor passes the test.

Abstract: Among others, techniques and systems are disclosed for detecting trace levels of heavy metal ions in a sample liquid. A voltage is applied to a sample liquid that includes metal complexes. A current signal associated with the metal complexes is measured. The measured current signal is processed to simultaneously detect a presence of two or more metal ions associated with the metal complexes.

Abstract: The gas sensor control apparatus develops a first voltage based on a first reference voltage at a negative terminal of a gas sensor device through a resistor and a second voltage based on a second reference voltage at a positive terminal of the gas sensor device. A controller samples through the resistor a sensor current, as created upon the development of the first and second voltage for measuring the concentration of gas. When the impedance of the gas sensor device is measured, the controller alternates the first voltage across the first reference voltage. The value (i.e., a zero-point) of the voltage applied to the gas sensor device when the sensor current is zero (i.e., 0 mA) depends upon the first and second reference voltages. The zero-point is corrected by regulating the second reference voltage to match an applying voltage characteristic to the gas sensor device correctly.

Abstract: An auxiliary leveler additive that cannot be analyzed by conventional CVS methods for acid copper plating baths is analyzed by cyclic voltammetry at a platinum rotating disk electrode from its effect on the anodic current at very positive potentials.