Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus of fabricating electromagnetic coil vanes. The method involves photolithographically exposing high resolution, dense wire patterns in a flash coat of copper, on both sides of a ceramic vane substrate. The substrate can be pre-drilled with a through hole to connect the two copper coil patterns. Additional copper is then deposited on both high resolution patterns and in the through hole by plating until the desired thickness is obtained. A firing operation is then performed that eutectically bonds the copper to the ceramic.

Abstract: The present invention provides inter alia copper electroplating compositions, methods for use of the compositions and products formed by the compositions. Electroplating compositions of the invention contain an increased brightener concentration that can provide effective copper plate on difficult-to-plate aperture walls, including high aspect ratio, small diameter microvias.

Abstract: A method of coating a metal surface, particularly an inner surface of a gun barrel, with a chromium layer, includes the following steps: electrolytically precipitating on the metal surface a plurality of partial chromium layers in a superposed relationship by electric current pulses equaling the number of the partial chromium layers; and selecting the duration of each pulse such that a crystallite growth of individual partial chromium layers is stopped prior to a natural termination thereof for obtaining a globular polytropic structure of the entire chromium layer.

Abstract: A method of plating for filling via holes, in which each via hole formed in an insulation layer covering a substrate so as to expose, at its bottom, part of a conductor layer located on the substrate, is plated with copper, to be filled with the plated metal, the method comprising the steps of forming a copper film on the top surface of the insulation layer covering the substrate, and the side walls and bottoms of the respective via holes, immersing the substrate having the copper film formed in an aqueous solution containing a plating promoter to thereby deposit the plating promoter on the surface of the copper film, removing the plating promoter from the surface of the copper film located on the insulation layer and leaving the plating promoter on the side walls and bottoms of the respective via holes, and subsequently electroplating the substrate having the copper film formed with copper to thereby fill the via holes with the plated copper and simultaneously form a continuous copper film which eventually c

Abstract: An x-ray tube casing coating prevents lead contamination of oil. The aluminum casing housing an x-ray tube has a lead lining with a top surface and a bottom surface, and is exposed to a dielectric cooling oil. An electroplating material is applied to both the top and bottom surfaces of the lead lining, forming an electroplated layer between the lead lining and the casing to prevent lead contamination of the dielectric cooling oil.

Abstract: Novel arrays of nanowires made of semi-metallic Bismuth (Bi) is disclosed made by unique electrodeposition techniques. Because of the unusual electronic properties of the semi-metallic Bi and the nanowire geometry, strong finite size effects in transport properties are achieved. In addition, very large positive magnetoresistance, 300% at low temperatures and 70% at room temperature, with quasilinear field dependence have been attained.

Abstract: A flexible auxiliary anode element for electroplating a tubular workpiece while the workpiece and an anode element are immersed in a plating liquid contained in a plating both. The flexible auxiliary anode element can be inserted into a hollow interior of the workpiece so that a metal wire of the auxiliary anode element is insulated from an inner peripheral surface of the workpiece by an insulating spacer.

Abstract: A magnetically shape-anisotropic material is made by providing a matrix with a plurality of elongated holes, and depositing first and second magnetic materials in each hole so as to form elongated particles including the first material adjacent one end and the second material adjacent the opposite end. One of the materials is a magnetically soft material having relatively low coercivity whereas the other material is a magnetically hard material having relatively high coercivity. The particles have dimensions transverse to their axes of elongation smaller than the magnetic domain size of the magnetically soft material.

Abstract: An electrolytic process for metal-coating the pre-cleaned surface of a workpiece of an electrically conducting material, which process comprises:i) providing an electrolytic cell with a cathode comprising the workpiece and an anode comprising the metal for metal-coating of the surface of the workpiece;ii) introducing an electrolyte into the zone created between the anode and the cathode by causing it to flow under pressure through at least one opening in the anode impinge on the cathode; andiii) applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode and operating in a regime in which the electrical current decreases or remains substantially constant with increase in the voltage applied between the anode and the cathode, and in a regime in which discrete gas bubbles are present on the surface of the workpiece during treatment.

Abstract: A pipe couple is shown for connecting two pipelines of different materials together in a well environment which prevents deterioration of the pipe due to galvanic action. The couple achieves its purpose by coating the interior of the more noble pipe section with a wear-resistant, non-conductive coating which prevents electrolytic action between the two dissimilar metals. It also achieves high pullout resistance while maintaining minimum outer dimensions to facilitate use of the couple in all types of wells including oil, gas and waste injection wells.

Abstract: A process for electrochemical treating flow channels of metal workpieces uses a tool extending into the workpieces and an electrolyte flow between the tool and the flow channel. Either volume flow of the electrolyte, or pressure of the electrolyte, or both, are measured in a reference sample workpiece calibrated previously with test oil under high pressure and the determined electrolyte value is stored as a nominal value and used for a subsequent series treatment of the workpieces. This value is used as a regulating variable for termination of the treatment. The pressure of the electrolyte during the electrochemical series treatment of the workpieces is maintained at about 100 bars.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating with treating liquid the inside surfaces of cylinders of a work such as a V-shaped engine having cylinders with at least two different axial alignments, characterized in the steps of rotating the work in such a way that each cylinder in another axial alignment is aligned with a longitudinal passage-forming member provided in a workstation; and repeating the same operations on said cylinder at said workstation, thereby allowing for easy operations without interruption an apparatus for performing these steps is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing high speed chemical treatment of v type cylinder blocks. First the cylinder bores of one bank are treated. Then those of the other bank are treated. This permits a simple but compact treating plant.

Abstract: A method for continuously plating and finishing a part wherein a surface of the part is plated by a process that raises its temperature above atmospheric temperature and the part is then immediately force cooled to a temperature at which the plated surface may be properly machined. The part may be a cylinder block having at least one cylinder bore which is plated by flowing plating liquid across the surface of the cylinder bore and applying an electrical potential to cause plating material to be deposited. The cylinder block may be cooled by forced air cooling or liquid cooling to atmospheric temperature and then the plated cylinder bore may be immediately finish honed.

Abstract: An electrolytic process for simultaneously cleaning and metal-coating the surface of a workpiece of an electrically conducting material, which process comprises: i) providing an electrolytic cell with a cathode comprising the surface of the workpiece and an anode comprising the metal for metal-coating of the surface of the workpiece; ii) introducing an electrolyte into the zone created between the anode and the cathode by causing it to flow under pressure through at least one opening in the anode and thereby impinge on the cathode; and iii) applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode and operating in a regime in which the electrical current decreases or remains substantially constant with increase in the voltage applied between the anode and the cathode, and in a regime in which discrete gas bubbles are present on the surface of the workpiece during treatment.

Abstract: A method for forming a plating coating having a non-homogeneous distribution of a dispersed substance in the outward direction, on a work such as a cylinder of an internal combustion engine block, is characterized in the steps of changing the plating liquid flow rate and/or the electric current density to a degree sufficient to change the amount of a dispersed substance at intervals or continuously in a plating coating, so that the amount of the dispersed substance in the plating coating is changed in the outward direction at intervals or continuously.

Abstract: A thick non-magnetic metal plating (18) constituting a sleeve on the surface of the tube (12) is produced by electroplating a region to be repaired. The plating has a thickness greater than 0.5 mm, and preferably close to 1 mm, and by itself can ensure the mechanical integrity of the tube in service. Preferably, the thick non-magnetic plating is made of a nickel-boron alloy with less than 5% by weight of boron.

Abstract: A plating liquid for forming a nickel plating layer containing a dispersed substance and phosphorus having 1.0 g/l or more of sodium is desirably utilized in the high speed plating process. Other important aspects of the invention include a plating method using the aforementioned plating liquid, characterized in that a voltage is impressed while permitting the plating liquid to flow between a surface to be plated of a workpiece at a plating liquid flow rate of 1.0-3.0 m/sec and an electric current density of 20-200 A/dm.sup.2, and an engine cylinder having a plated interior surface characterized in that the plating layer of the cylinder is formed by a high speed plating treatment using the aforementioned plating liquid.

Abstract: A composite plating apparatus is disclosed in which an insertion electrode is loosely inserted into a hollow cylinder having a space, air bubbles are mixed into a composite plating solution fed from a liquid feeding pipe toward the space in the cylinder, and the hollow cylinder is connected to a base electrode so as to perform a composite plating on the inner surface of the hollow cylinder. An air bubble dispersing member having at least one passage hole with a diameter the same as or larger than a length of a gap defined between the insertion electrode and the inner surface of the cylinder is arranged upstream of a plating solution inlet portion of the hollow cylinder as an apparatus for dispersing air bubbles within the composite plating solution. The air bubble dispersing member can also be used as an electrode engaging member for engaging a tip end portion of the electrode inserted into the hollow cylinder.

Abstract: During shutdown of the nuclear reactor, the closure head of the vessel having been dismounted and the vessel (3) and the pool of the reactor both being filled with water, an inner zone of the penetration tube (6) for penetrating the bottom head of the vessel (3) is isolated between two seals (39,42), from the upper level of the pool. An electrolyte is caused to flow in the isolated zone inside the penetration tube (6) and a current is passed through the electrolyte in order to deposit a metallic electroplating layer onto the inner surface of the penetration tube (6) in the isolated zone. The metallic layer is preferably a layer of nickel of a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm.

Abstract: There is provided a new method of improving properties of the surface of an internal combustion engine valve made from titanium alloy, which comprises; the steps of (a) forming a surface undercoat layer of nickel on a surface of the engine valve; (b) heating the resulting nickel undercoated valve in vacuum or in an atmosphere of inert gas, at the temperature of 450.degree. C. to 600.degree. C., for one to four hours; (c) forming further a three component coat layer comprising nickel, phosphorus and particles of material selected from the group consisting of silicone carbide, silicone nitride, boron nitride, and the combination thereof, on the surface of the nickel undercoat layer; and (d) heating the resulting coat layer formed on the nickel undercoat layer, at the temperature of 350.degree. C. to 550.degree. C., for one to four hours, so as to make the particles of ceramic material uniformly and homogeneously dispersed in said coat layer.

Abstract: In a disclosed composite plating method for a hollow member, an insertion electrode is loosely inserted with a space into a cylinder of a hollow member, a composite plating solution supplied from a solution supply pipe is circulated into the space of the cylinder, a base metal electrode is connected to the hollow member and composite plating is applied onto the inner peripheral surface of the hollow member. The current density between the insertion electrode and the inner peripheral surface of the hollow member is set at a low value at the beginning and is increased after a lapse of a predetermined time. More preferably, bubbles are produced by supplying gas into the composite plating solution almost simultaneously with the above-mentioned increase of the current density.

Abstract: The invention is a metal tube such as a heat exchanger tube which has been treated by in situ electrodeposition to repair one or more degraded sections. The repaired metal tube section has an electroformed structural layer which has an ultrafine grain microstructure of sufficient thickness to restore the degraded section at least to its original mechanical specifications.

Abstract: A process for repairing degraded sections of metal tubes, such as heat exchanger tubes, by in situ electroforming utilizes a probe containing an electrode. The probe is movable through the tube to the site of degradation and is sealed in place, thereby creating an electrochemical cell. Electrolyte flows from a reservoir through the cell and a structural layer of metal is deposited on the tube using a pulsed direct current and a duty cycle of 10-60%. The metal layer so formed possesses an ultrafine grain size preferably with a highly twinned microcrystalline structure giving the layer excellent mechanical properties.

Abstract: A process for repairing degraded sections of metal tubes, such as heat exchanger tubes, by in situ electroforming utilized a flexible probe containing an electrode. The probe is movable through the tube to the site of degradation and is sealed in place, thereby creating an electrochemical cell. Electrolyte flows from a reservoir through the cell and a structural layer of metal is deposited on the tube using a pulsed direct current and a duty cycle of 10-40%. The metal layer so formed possesses an ultrafine grain size preferably with a highly twinned microcrystalline structure giving the layer excellent mechanical properties.

Abstract: A hollow member whose internal surface is to be applied with composite plating is held in a condition in which a generatrix of the internal surface extends vertically. An electrode is inserted into the hollow member with a predetermined clearance to the internal surface of the hollow member. A composite plating liquid supply passage has a discharge opening which is in communication with an opening at a lower end of the hollow member. A gas is entrained in a form of bubbles into a composite plating liquid which is supplied into the clearance through the supply passage.

Abstract: Corrosion resistant fasteners and similar articles are compositely coated in which an epoxy base coating is applied on an inner metallic core and a top coating is applied on the epoxy coating. The epoxy base coat is preferably applied on the metallic core by cathodic electrodeposition. The composition of the top coating can comprise sulfonates such as petroleum sulfonates and sulfurized hydrocarbon fatty acid and ester. Hydrocarbon fatty acid ester in the top coat can be derived from polymer of ethylene or propylene or natural oil. Particularly preferred top coat formulations additionally include a salt of sulfamic acid or a derivative and/or salts of barium such as barium carbonate and barium sulfate. The composite coatings provide improvement in corrosion resistance of the fasteners.

Abstract: A method of producing a weapon barrel (1) having a wear-resistant inner coating (10) applied by an electrolytic method. To enable the application of a relatively thick protective layer to the inner wall or surface of a large-caliber weapon barrel (1), in particular, in the regions of thermally high stress and in a simple manner, a weapon barrel (1) prefabricated true to caliber is provided, a recess (7) is formed in the region of the chamber (2) and of the adjoining caliber region (3) to be coated with the protective layer (10) by electrochemical stripping (electrolytic polishing), and the recess (7) is subsequently refilled electrolytically with the protective layer (10). The same center electrode (4, 12) preferably is used for the electrolytic polishing process and for the electrolytic process for applying (plating) the protective coating or layer (10).

Abstract: A method of preventing galling between first and second metallic surfaces which are disposed in contacting, substantially stationary relation, one to each other, includes coating at least one of the first and second metallic surfaces with a layer of hard chromium plating.

Abstract: A cylinder tube comprising an aluminum tube formed on its outer surface with an outside oxide film having a hardness of not lower than 150 HV to less than 350 HV and on its inner surface with an inside oxide film having a hardness of not lower than 350 HV to not higher than 650 HV.

Abstract: A method for reforming hydrocarbons comprising coating portions of a reactor system with a material more resistant to carburization, reacting the material with metal oxides existing in the portions of the reactor system prior to coating, fixating or removing at least a portion of the oxide in the metal oxides, and reforming hydrocarbons in the reactor system under conditions of low sulfur.

Abstract: A method for reforming hydrocarbons comprising coating portions of a reactor system with a material more resistant to carburization, reacting the material with metal sulfides existing in the portions of the reactor system prior to coating, fixating and removing at least a portion of the sulfur in the metal sulfides, and reforming hydrocarbons in the reactor system under conditions of low sulfur.

Abstract: An ink transfer medium, and a method for manufacturing the medium are provided. The ink transfer medium is of the electrically fusible type, and has an anisotropically electrically conductive layer characterized by greater electrical conductivity in the direction normal to the surface of the layer than in a direction parallel to the surface of the layer. Other layers sequentially provided next to each other, include a resistive layer for converting an electrical signal into heat, a conductive layer, an ink separation layer, and a fusible ink layer. Examples are given illustrating the use of the ink transfer medium. The anisotropically electrically conductive layer may be made by anodizing an aluminum cylinder to form an alumina body defining a plurality of through-pores and electrolytically filling the through-pores with a metal such as nickel or cobalt.

Abstract: Apparatus for selective electrolytic deposition of a metal such as a noble metal such as gold onto the inside surface of bush type hollow bodies such as connector contact members comprising at least one system comprising substantially coaxial injector nozzle and suction nozzle. The suction nozzle has a diameter greater than that of the injector nozzle. Each bush to be plated is positioned facing a system so that the bush, the injector nozzle and the suction nozzle are in alignment, so that the injector nozzle does not enter the bush and so that a peripheral gap remains between the bush and the suction nozzle. A liquid electrolyte charged with a salt of the metal to be deposited is injected via the injector nozzles. An electrode is in electrical contact with the liquid electrolyte on the exit side of the injector nozzles. An electric current is passed between the bush and the electrode.

Abstract: A graphite path is formed along the surface of a diamond plate, preferably a CVD diamond plate, by means of a laser or ion-implantation induced conductivity. The path advantageously can be the surface of a sidewall of a via hole drilled by the laser through the plate or a path running along a side surface of the plate from top to bottom opposed major surfaces of the plate. The graphite path is metallized, as by electroplating or electroless plating. In this way, for example, an electrically conducting connection can be made between a metallized backplane located on the bottom surface of the plate and a wire-bonding pad located on the top surface of the plate.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for desmearing and etching back the surface of a nonconductive substrate which comprises (a) contacting the substrate with a strong acid; (b) then contacting the substrate with an aqueous basic solution; and (c) contacting the substrate with a reducing agent dissolved in a strong acid.

Abstract: A process for selectively plating separate surfaces of a component. The process includes electroplating a first material onto a first surface, applying a masking agent to the component, tumbling a plurality of components to remove the masking agent from a second surface, electroplating a second material onto the second surface, the masking agent preventing electroplating on the first surface, and then removing the masking agent from the first surface.

Abstract: A chemical treating system includes a main row or line of equally spaced, equal length chemical treatment workstations for sequentially treating a workpiece such as the cylinder bore of an internal combustion engine cylinder. Additional longer chemical treatment workstations are located transversely of the main row of workstations so that larger workstations can be included in the chemical treatment system without increasing the total length of the main row of workstations. By locating the longer workstations transversely of the main row, equal distances between the main row of workstations can be maintained by using work transfer devices that move the workpieces longitudinally along the main row and transversely to the additional chemical treatment workstations in a sequential process. At the transversely located workstation, an airblower is provided to remove residual chemical treatment solution from the workpieces before they are returned to the main line of workstations.