Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-sided light-emitting circuit board, which includes: a transparent substrate layer and a first conductive circuit layer on at least one surface of the transparent substrate layer. The first conductive circuit layer includes conductive portions arranged at intervals. A metal piece is formed on a surface of each conductive portion away from the transparent substrate layer. An accommodation space is formed between adjacent metal pieces. The accommodation space is provided with a light-emitting chip. Each light-emitting chip includes two electrodes. The two electrodes are respectively located at opposite ends of the light-emitting chip. The electrodes are respectively electrically connected to adjacent metal pieces. An encapsulant layer is formed on a surface of the first conductive circuit layer. The encapsulant layer covers and encapsulates the metal pieces and the light-emitting chips.

Abstract: A sample support body is for ionization of a sample. The sample support body includes a substrate including a first surface and a second surface on sides opposite to each other, and a conduction layer provided at least on the first surface. A plurality of through-holes opening on the first surface and the second surface are formed in an effective region of the substrate, the effective region being for ionizing components of the sample. A width of a second opening on the second surface side is larger than a width of a first opening on the first surface side in each of the plurality of through-holes.

Abstract: A passivation surface treatment method of stainless steel that improves corrosion resistance including in a brine environment without changing the appearance of the surface of stainless steel. A passivation surface treatment method for stainless steel includes: performing degreasing of stainless steel, performing electrolytic pickling where the stainless steel that underwent the degreasing is immersed in a pickling solution having phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and is connected to the anode and a voltage of about 0.5 to 5.0 V for about 10 seconds or more is applied, performing electrolytic degreasing of the stainless steel, and performing electrolytic passivation where the stainless steel that underwent the electrolytic degreasing is immersed in a passivation solution including dichromic acid and chromium sulfate and a voltage of about 0.5 to 5.0 V is applied for 5 seconds or more.

Abstract: A method to prepare a composite laminate object containing an extrusion grade 7xxx Al substrate and a fiber-reinforced polypropylene layer adhesively laminated to the substrate; is provided. The process includes shaping and cutting an extruded 7xxx aluminum to a profile, assembling a layered arrangement of the 7xxx Al profile as substrate, an adhesive film and a fiber reinforced polypropylene preform, heating the layered arrangement to a temperature of 160-175° C. to melt the polypropylene and activate the adhesive film, applying pressure to at least a surface of the fiber reinforced polypropylene preform to mold the preform to the shape of the extruded 7xxxAl substrate and obtain a semi-finished laminate object, cooling the semi-finished laminate object to 90° C., optionally, cooling the semi-finished laminate object to room temperature for inventory storage; heat treating the semi-finished laminate object at 90° C. for 2 to 8 hours; and then heat treating the semi-finished laminate object at 130° C.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion of duplex stainless steel by aqueous acidic solution, comprises carrying out a preliminary treatment which is passivation of the steel while exposing the steel to a first aqueous acidic solution containing at least one organic corrosion inhibitor able to adsorb to a steel surface, so as to deposit a passivating and corrosion inhibiting film on the steel surface; and thereafter during a second period of time exposing the steel to a second aqueous acidic solution different from the first aqueous acidic solution and also containing at least one organic corrosion inhibitor able to adsorb to a steel. The second aqueous acidic solution maintains the film on the steel surface, such that weight loss through corrosion in the second period of time is lower than the weight loss which would be observed with the same second aqueous acidic solution but without carrying out the preliminary treatment.

Abstract: A headphone wire includes a plurality of inner cores each having a conductor and enamel coating layer covered on the conductor so as to provide an insulation effect. The inner cores are covered with an insulating skin and interwoven together inside it; one end of the inner cores is penetrated out of the insulating skin to form an electroplating end, on which a tin plated portion is electroplated; and a connecting terminal is riveted onto the tin plated portion. Whereby, space can be saved and the flexibility is better because the inner cores are interwoven together, and the riveting is used instead of spot welding connecting, capable of increasing service life and being easy to be assembled and maintained.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a setting unit, an extracting unit, and an associating unit. The setting unit sets a position of a first-type person in a region within a predetermined distance from a communication device installed in a structure in a case where the communication device communicates with a mobile terminal carried by the first-type person. The extracting unit extracts a person from an image captured by an image capturing device installed in the structure. The associating unit associates the extracted person with information indicating the first-type person in a case where a relationship between the region and the position of the person satisfies a predetermined condition.

Abstract: A sequence of processing steps presented herein is used to embed an optical signal path within an array of nanowires, using only one lithography step. Using the techniques disclosed, it is not necessary to mask electrical features while forming optical features, and vice versa. Instead, optical and electrical signal paths can be created substantially simultaneously in the same masking cycle. This is made possible by a disparity in the widths of the respective features, the optical signal paths being significantly wider than the electrical ones. Using a damascene process, the structures of disparate widths are plated with metal that over-fills narrow trenches and under-fills a wide trench. An optical cladding material can then be deposited into the trench so as to surround an optical core for light transmission.

Abstract: A coated diamond-turned replication master for manufacturing wafer level lens arrays includes a low-hardness diamond-turnable sheet, a mold surface formed in the low-hardness diamond-turnable sheet, and an oxidation-resistant coating formed on the mold surface for protecting same. The mold surface includes a plurality of optical forms, all of which cut therein by a single diamond cutting tool. A process for forming a coated diamond-turned replication master includes a step of forming a mold surface in a low-hardness diamond-turnable sheet using a single diamond cutting tool. The mold surface includes a plurality of optical forms, all of which are formed by the single diamond cutting tool. The process also includes, after the step of forming a plurality of optical forms, coating the mold surface with an oxidation-resistant coating.

Abstract: Hard anodized aluminum cookware has either a copper or stainless steel mesh embedded in the base. Copper mesh can be embedded in the bottom or base of the cookware prior to the anodizing process to enhance thermal conductivity and improved cookware's capacity to vertically spread heat. In contrast, stainless steel mesh is embedded in hard anodized aluminum cookware after anodizing, making the cookware suitable for use with the induction ranges or burner's.

Abstract: A plastic overmold aluminum extrusion including at least one plastic overmold and aluminum extrusion. The aluminum extrusion is formed with sufficient cross sectional properties and features such as an internal web to help prevent undesirable collapses under injection or compression molding pressures. This improves part geometry and strength while minimizing weight. A plurality of protrusions and/or local deformations on an outer wall of the extrusion can be used to create strong mechanical interface to the plastic. Localized deformations can result from a combination of the applied plastic pressure under injection or compression molding pressures and the proximity of outer gaps of the internal web structure. A process of making the plastic overmold aluminum extrusion includes inserting at least one aluminum extrusion into a mold without mandrels and delivering plastic forming the plastic overmold.

Abstract: A patterned magnetic recording medium, accessible by a magnetic recording head, including a plurality of tracks, a width direction of each track and that of the magnetic recording head being of a skew angle. The patterned magnetic recording medium includes a plurality of magnetic dots, each corresponding to a recording bit, formed on a non-magnetic material. The plurality of magnetic dots are arranged in a plurality of arrays, each array corresponding to one of the tracks. Every N adjacent magnetic dots of the array define a polygon, one side thereof being parallel to the corresponding track, and another side thereof being parallel to a direction corresponding to the skew angle of the corresponding track.

Abstract: Roll-to-roll fabrication of predetermined or ordered three-dimensional nanostructure arrays is described. Provided methods can comprise imprinting a substrate with a two-dimensional (2-D) pattern by rolling a cylindrical pattern comprising a 2-D array of structures against a substrate. In addition, control or determination of nanostructure parameters via control of process parameters is provided.

Abstract: An alumina nanohole array and a method of fabricating the same includes the steps of forming an aluminum thin-film on a substrate at a substrate temperature of ?80° C. or below so that crystal grain growth is suppressed, even when a high-purity aluminum material is used, thus providing improved surface smoothness; and anodizing the aluminum thin-film. Preferably, the method additionally includes texturing by pressing a mold having an orderly array of projections against the aluminum thin-film to form pits on the aluminum thin-film which enables a larger array area to be formed. When the mold and the aluminum thin-film are held at a temperature of 150 to 200° C., the pressure used for pit formation is reduced. A magnetic recording medium manufactured by a method therefore includes forming a magnetic layer within the nanoholes so that the medium is suitable as a bit patterned media for a perpendicular recording system.

Abstract: An electrode is formed using a sanding mechanism to condition the surface of the electrode for electrochemical purposes. Hazardous particles emitted during sanding are captured using jetted liquid, and may be recycled for later use. The sanded surface provides increased electrode lifespan and lead oxide adherence.

Abstract: A surface preparation solution comprises an ionic liquid solvent and a water and oxygen scavenging species. Methods for making the solution, and methods for using the solution to prepare and activate a substrate surface for bulk electrodeposition are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for shrinking a linewidth on a substrate includes the steps of applying a stretching force on the substrate, defining a line on a top surface of the substrate and releasing the applied stretching force. The applied force is executed by mechanical stretching or thermal expansion and has a direction parallel to the line.

Abstract: Selectively accelerated or selectively inhibited metal deposition is performed to form metal structures of an electronic device. A desired pattern of an accelerator or of an inhibitor is applied to the substrate; for example, by stamping the substrate with a patterned stamp or spraying a solution using an inkjet printer. In other embodiments, a global layer of accelerator or inhibitor is applied to a substrate and selectively modified in a desired pattern. Thereafter, selective metal deposition is performed.

Abstract: A method for treating a surface of a metal implant includes a polishing step, a grafting step. The polishing step includes polishing a surface of a metal implant to remove an uneven, natural oxide layer on the surface of the metal implant and to generate an even oxide layer on the surface of the metal implant. The grafting step includes grafting an anti-adhesion macromolecule on an outer face of the even oxide layer. A covalent bond between the anti-adhesion macromolecule and oxygen atoms on the outer face of the even oxide layer is formed, thus that a macromolecular anti-adhesion layer on the outer face of the even oxide layer can be created. The surface modifying step includes changing a property of the surface of the metal implant with the macromolecular anti-adhesion layer by high temperature and high pressure, providing the metal implant with high hydrophilicity.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for coating a metallic interconnect of a solid oxide fuel cell. The method for coating a metallic interconnect of a solid oxide fuel cell includes generating a cobalt compound solution using lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) that is an anodic material of a lithium ion battery; immersing the metal interconnect in a plating solution in which the generated cobalt compound solution is contained; and forming cobalt (Co) on the immersed metal interconnect by performing electroplating.

Abstract: A method for driving a flat panel display is provided. The flat panel display has n scan lines, wherein n is a positive integer. Each of the scan lines is coupled to a plurality of pixels. The driving method according to the invention includes the steps as follows: when pixels coupled to a kth scan line are enabled, pixels coupled to the scan lines from the first to k?1th are disabled and pixels coupled to at least a part of scan lines from k+1th to nth are enabled, thus pre-charging the enabled pixels of scan lines from k+1th to nth is performed thereby, wherein k is a positive integer.

Abstract: A method for producing piston rings, in particular compression piston rings, in which at least one main element is machined in such a way that a circumferential surface serving as a running surface is provide with a wear-resistant layer of a predeterminable layer thickness, wherein a number of piston ring, in particular compression piston rings, brought together to form an assembly, are machined cylindrically in the region of their circumferential surface, a wear-resistant electrodeposited layer of chrome is applied to the finished machined cylindrical circumferential surface, so that the wear-resistant layer has a constant layer thickness within the assembly as a whole, and subsequently the layer is machined in such a way as to produce a running surface that has a region of maximum layer thickness and at least one region of minimum layer thickness.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a steel strip with a cathodic corrosion protection coating, in which the steel strip is hot rolled and then cold rolled; the steel strip is subjected to an electrolytic galvanization and after the electrolytic galvanization, the steel strip is heat treated in a bell-type annealing furnace at temperatures of 250° C. to 350° C. for a period of 4 to 48 hours and this produces a zinc/iron layer.

Abstract: A method for the electrochemical plating or marking of metals includes providing a metal surface, providing an electroplating solution at the metal surface, and electroplating the metal surface with the electroplating solution. A top layer of the metal surface comprises an oxide scale. The method can also include masking a portion of the metal surface with a masking material. The electroplating solution can be provided at the metal surface by an electroplating brush, the oxide scale of the metal surface can be comprised primarily of magnetite and hematite, and the material comprising the metal surface can be steel.

Abstract: A light reflecting substrate comprises at least: an insulating layer and a metal layer disposed in contact with the insulating layer. The total reflectivity of light in the wavelength range of more than 320 nm and not more than 700 nm is not less than 50% and the total reflectivity of light in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 320 nm is not less than 60%. The light reflecting substrate further improves the emission power of the light-emitting device when used as the substrate therefor.

Abstract: A method of texturing a metal provides a metal with a thickness of 50 to 400 ?m. The metal is anodized, etched and then textured in a first texturing step to produce a first textured surface of the metal. A textured metal is produced with a dimpled surface of dimples with diameters of 5 nm to 2 and a depth of from 2 nm to 2 ?m.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cathode plate (1) that is used in the electrolytic cleaning and recovery of metals, the cathode plate being at least partly manufactured of stainless steel and the surface of the cathode plate being treated in at least one stage, whereby the cathode plate is formed by cutting it from a solid plate-like material (2), whereby, essentially before cutting (4) the cathode plate to shape, at least part of the surface constituting the cathode plate is subjected to a mechanical treatment (3) to improve the adhesion properties of the surface. The invention also relates to the cathode plate.

Abstract: A metal surface treated to have a distinct cosmetic appearance such as an integral layer that is glossy may be used in electronic devices. The surface treatment may include polishing a metal surface, texturing the polished metal surface, polishing the textured surface, followed by anodizing the surface, and then polishing the anodized surface. The metal surface may also be dyed to impart a rich color to the surface.

Abstract: It is aimed at finding out a surface pattern and physical properties required for an antireflective film having an excellent antireflective property for light, a light transmissivity, and the like, and at providing an antireflective film having such a specific surface pattern and physical properties, and a production method of the antireflective film; and provided for this object, is an antireflective film, obtained by: processing a surface of an aluminum material, by mechanical polishing, chemical polishing and/or electrolytic polishing; subsequently producing a pattern of mold having taper-shaped pores on the surface of the aluminum material, by combining a formation of an anodic oxide coating based on anodic oxidation of the surface of the aluminum material, with etching of the anodic oxide coating; and transferring the pattern of mold onto an antireflective film-forming material; wherein the antireflective film has, on a surface thereof, convexities having an average height between 100 nm inclusive and 1,

Abstract: In one exemplary method, an anodized aluminum-silicon alloy work piece may be formed from an aluminum-silicon alloy substrate material by applying a friction stir processing treatment to the aluminum-silicon alloy substrate material to reduce an average particle size of a plurality of silicon particles contained within the substrate material while increasing a size uniformity of the plurality of silicon particles, and subsequently anodizing said aluminum-silicon alloy substrate material.

Abstract: A swage mount that includes a flange, having a first side and a second side, and a cylindrically shaped hub. The hub is primarily comprised of a metal (such as stainless steel), and extends from the second side of the flange, and has an inner surface and an outer surface. The surface of the swage mount is plated with one or more layers of metal, or a combination of metals, which provide a) increased retention torque, and b) increased part cleanliness. This invention may be used in conjunction with surface hardened swage mounts that contain surface protrusions. In this case the metal plating prevents separation of the protrusions from the swage mount, thereby preventing contamination.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coating method for a workpiece, including the following method steps: a) applying a coating liquid to the workpiece, wherein the coating liquid comprises an ionic liquid containing ions of at least one element, b) electrochemically depositing a layer of the at least one element from the coating liquid on the workpiece, c) removing the workpiece from the coating liquid, d) removing excess coating liquid from the workpiece. In order to suggest an industrially suitable coating process, particularly for workpieces having at least a partial metal surface, using stable, durable baths, it is provided that the temperature of the workpiece is set such that the temperature of the coating liquid deviates by no more than 10° C.

Abstract: In order to provide sanitary fittings, in particular, water supply fittings and sanitary shut-off devices, in general, which visually and haptically are very similar to or scarcely distinguishable (stainless steel finish) from the stainless steel surface of stainless steel sinks, using starting materials which can be processed more cost-effectively, it is proposed that a fitting or fitting parts be manufactured from brass; the fittings or fitting parts be ground and polished; the visible surface of the fittings or fitting parts be nickel-plated; the nickel-plated surface of the fittings or fitting parts be ground and/or brushed; and the ground and/or brushed nickel-plated surface of the fittings or fitting parts be chromium-plated.

Abstract: A flat product according to the invention which has been produced from a low-alloy steel containing iron and unavoidable impurities together with (in % by weight) up to 0.45% of C, up to 2.20% of Si, up to 2.50% of Mn, up to 0.12% of P, up to 0.025% of S, up to 2.0% of Al, up to 0.15% of Ti, up to 0.09% of Nb, a total of up to 1.0% of Cr and Mo, up to 0.2% of V and up to 0.005% of B and has been cold-rolled to a thickness of 0.1-4 mm and is in the rolling-hardened state has a tensile strength of 700-1000 MPa and is coated with a zinc layer which has been applied by electrolytic galvanization and has a layer thickness of up to 12 ?m. The cold-rolled flat product of this type provides a steel sheet or strip which has not only a particularly high strength but also a high corrosion resistance. In addition, the invention provides a process for producing such a flat product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for plating a conductive material on a workpiece surface in a highly desirable manner. Using a workpiece-surface-influencing device, such as a mask or sweeper, that preferentially contacts the top surface of the workpiece, relative movement between the workpiece and the workpiece-surface-influencing device is established so that an additive in the electrolyte solution disposed on the workpiece and which is adsorbed onto the top surface is removed or otherwise its amount or concentration changed with respect to the additive on the cavity surface of the workpiece. Plating of the conductive material can place prior to, during and after usage of the workpiece-surface-influencing device, particularly after the workpiece surface influencing device no longer contacts any portion of the top surface of the workpiece, to achieve desirable semiconductor structures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for coating a metallic interconnect for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the method including the steps of: carrying out pre-treatment for removing impurities adhered on a surface of the metallic interconnect; and carrying out pulse plating with cobalt as an anode, and the metallic interconnect as a cathode, in which an average current density (Ia) is set in a room-temperature cobalt plating solution, and a maximum current density (Ip), a current-on time (Ton) and a current-off time (Toff) are adjusted based on Ia=Ip×Ton/(Ton+Toff). Through the disclosed method, it is possible to obtain a metallic interconnect having a coating surface which has a high electrical conductivity and a high chrome volatilization inhibiting property and can minimize the occurrence of micro-cracks and micro-pores, thereby improving the performance of the SOFC.

Abstract: There is provided a metallic glass component with its surface layer having both durability of a film and chromatic color properties, and a method for forming the surface layer. Surface active treatment is performed wherein the surface of the metallic glass component is reacted with a mixed aqueous solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid to remove an oxide film and to provide an anchor bond shape on the surface of a metallic glass component, and electroplating or electroless plating is then performed, to form a plating film on the surface of the metallic glass component. It is thereby possible to form a surface layer of a metallic glass which has both durability and a chromatic color.

Abstract: A process for producing a highly anticorrosive rare earth permanent magnet, characterized by sequentially subjecting an R—Fe—B sintered magnet to surface finishing involving cutting and/or polishing, plating pretreatment, nickel electroplating to a given plating thickness, immersion in an aqueous solution containing a phosphoric salt, washing with water and heat treatment at 150° to 400° C. for 1 to 24 hr in an atmosphere of 1.3×103 Pa or higher oxygen partial pressure so as to form a thin nickel oxide layer at the surface layer portion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the corrosion resistance of chrome plated materials. After the materials to be chrome plated are mechanically abrasively polished, but before they are reverse etched, they are power washed with a high-pressure liquid. A sprayer with nozzles directed inwardly towards the materials directs water onto the material at pressures in the range of 1000 or 2500 to 3000 psi. After the materials are chrome plated, they are heated above the melting point of a buffing compound, and then the heated materials with the buffing compound applied are buffed. An induction heater is used, before or after the buffing compound is applied. Computer controls, responsive to operator input of the cross-sectional size, composition and/or speed of movement of the chrome plated materials, to in turn regulate the power to an induction coil heater.

Abstract: An electrode assembly includes a distribution plate having a plurality of grooves that communicate with openings in an overlying polishing pad layer. The grooves include end openings that allow for draining of process solution, both during processing and subsequent cleaning/rinsing of the pad. Drainage occurs continually during processing, cleaning and rinsing, and so is constricted through the end openings relative to the grooves, to prevent wastage. The end openings are sufficiently large, however, to substantially completely drain fluids from the grooves between steps without delaying robotic motions.

Abstract: An alumina nanohole array and a method of fabricating the same includes the steps of forming an aluminum thin-film on a substrate at a substrate temperature of ?80° C. or below so that crystal grain growth is suppressed, even when a high-purity aluminum material is used, thus providing improved surface smoothness; and anodizing the aluminum thin-film. Preferably, the method additionally includes texturing by pressing a mold having an orderly array of projections against the aluminum thin-film to form pits on the aluminum thin-film which enables a larger array area to be formed. When the mold and the aluminum thin-film are held at a temperature of 150 to 200° C., the pressure used for pit formation is reduced. A magnetic recording medium manufactured by a method therefore includes forming a magnetic layer within the nanoholes so that the medium is suitable as a bit patterned media for a perpendicular recording system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for plating a conductive material on a workpiece surface in a highly desirable manner. Using a workpiece-surface-influencing device, such as a mask or sweeper, that preferentially contacts the top surface of the workpiece, relative movement between the workpiece and the workpiece-surface-influencing device is established so that an additive in the electrolyte solution disposed on the workpiece and which is adsorbed onto the top surface is removed or otherwise its amount or concentration changed with respect to the additive on the cavity surface of the workpiece. Plating of the conductive material can place prior to, during and after usage of the workpiece-surface-influencing device, particularly after the workpiece surface influencing device no longer contacts any portion of the top surface of the workpiece, to achieve desirable semiconductor structures.

Abstract: A method of plating a metal onto a titanium surface comprising a surface cleaning step, an anodic etching step, a cathodic activation step and a plating step.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of determining at least one electrochemical characteristic of a chemical-mechanical or electrochemical-mechanical polishing system comprising application of a potential between a polishing substrate and an electrode to generate a current, and determining the at least one electrochemical characteristic by analysis of the current as a function of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a malleable, high mechanical strength aluminum alloy of the AlMgSi type which can be anodized in a decorative manner, to a semifinished product produced from said alloy, in the shape of strips, sheets or extruded profiles, and to a structural component produced from the above semifinished products, especially a reshaped component that has been anodized in a decorative manner. The invention also relates to a method for producing an aluminum alloy component of the above type. Said aluminum alloy has good malleability, achieved by weight percentages of strontium in the alloy and defined weight ratios of silicon to magnesium and iron to strontium.

Abstract: An anodized coating suitable for formation of highly regulated pores is provided. A method for production of a structure having pores characterized by including the steps of: forming starting points at predetermined intervals in an aluminum alloy formed on a substrate, and forming pores by anodization with the starting points as origins. In another embodiment, first and second aluminum alloy layers are anodized to form pores penetrating into the layers, wherein a diameter of a pore in the first alloy is different from a diameter of a pore in the second alloy. In an additional embodiment, a substrate is anodized to form pores, wherein the substrate contains an additive which changes the diameter within each pore, the amount of the additive continuously changing along the direction perpendicular to the substrate.

Abstract: A housing (10) is applied to an electronic device. The housing includes a transparent base (12) and a first metal coating (14). The base contains a first surface (122). The first metal coating is formed on the first surface of the base. A plurality of first through holes (142) is defined in the metal coating. The first through holes are in an arrayed pattern.

Abstract: A surface treatment process for a welded metal article includes following steps. Firstly, a metal article with a weld joint region is provided. Secondly, the metal article is anodized to form an anodic oxide layer on a surface thereof. Thirdly, the surface of the anodized metal article is rinsed. Fourthly, at least the anodized surface of the metal article in the region of the weld joint region is activated in a nitric acid solution. Fifthly, the anodized surface (i.e., the anodic oxide layer) of the metal article is dyed. Sixthly, the anodic oxide layer of the metal article is sealed. Finally, the metal article is rinsed.

Abstract: A surface treatment process for a metal article includes the following steps. Firstly, a metal article is provided. Secondly, the metal article is anodized to form an anodic oxide layer on a surface thereof. Thirdly, the surface of the metal article is rinsed. Fourthly, the surface of the metal article is dyed. Fifthly, the now-dyed anodic oxide layer of the metal article is sealed. Finally, the metal article is rinsed using an acetic acid solution.

Abstract: A solid substrate comprising a surface comprising an achiral array of atoms having thereupon a chiral metal oxide surface. The chiral metal oxide surface is prepared by electrodeposition of a chiral metal oxide array from a solution of a chiral salt of the metal. In one embodiment, chiral CuO is grown on achiral Au(001) by epitaxial electrodeposition. The handedness of the film is determined by the specific enantiomer of tartrate ion in the deposition solution. (R,R)-tartrate produces an S—CuO(1 1 1) film, while (S,S)-tartrate produces an R—CuO( 11 1) film. These chiral CuO films are enantiospecific for the electrochemical oxidation of(R,R) and (S,S)-tartrate.