Abstract: A method of fabrication produces one or more functional microparticles using a parallel pore working piece. In one embodiment, the method forms a particle that includes a segment for the oxidation of a biofuel (such as glucose) and the reduction of oxygen. The particle may be synthesized in a structure with defined and parallel, uniform, thin pores that completely penetrate the structure. Further, the functional microparticle may be configured to reside in a human or animal body or cell such that i t may be self-contained fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, a separator membrane, and a magnetic component. In other embodiments, the functional microparticles may deliver energy or therapeutic materials in the body.

Abstract: A method for integrally molding a metal and a resin and a metal-resin composite structure obtainable by the same are provided. The method comprises forming a nanopore in a surface of a metal sheet; melting a thermoplastic resin on the surface of the metal sheet formed with the nanopore; and injection molding the thermoplastic resin onto the surface of the metal sheet. The thermoplastic resin is a mixture of a main resin and a polyolefin resin, the main resin is a mixture of polyphenylene oxide and a polyamide, and the polyolefin resin has a melting point of about 65° C. to about 105° C.

Abstract: A method of processing a substrate is disclosed. The method includes the following steps: providing a substrate body having a surface; placing a die on the surface, wherein the die acts as a catalyst; immersing the substrate body and the die in a reaction solution; and processing the substrate body via a chemical reaction occurring on the surface through the reaction solution and the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for cationic electrodeposition coating using cationic water-dilutable binders comprising a water-soluble bismuth salt or chelate complex B, and a chain-extended epoxy-amine adduct EA which comprises moieties derived from epoxide compounds E2 having at least two epoxide groups per molecule, low molar mass epoxide compounds E3 having two epoxide groups per molecule, one or more of amidoamines A41 having at least one amide group and at least one amino group, made from amines A1 having at least two amino groups per molecule and a fatty acid A4, further amines A1, an amine A2 which has at least one secondary amino group per molecule, an amine A3 having at least one tertiary, and at least one primary amino group per molecule, fatty acids A4, and phenolic compounds A5 having at least two phenolic hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A method of making an aluminum alloy-resin composite and an aluminum alloy-resin composite obtained by the same are provided. The method may comprise: S1: anodizing a surface of an aluminum alloy substrate to form an oxide layer on the surface, in which the oxide layer includes nanopores; S2: immersing the resulting aluminum alloy substrate obtained at step S1 in an alkaline solution having a pH of about 10 to about 13, to form corrosion pores on an outer surface of the oxide layer, wherein the alkaline solution is an aqueous solution including at least one selected from a soluble carbonates, a soluble alkali, a soluble phosphate, a soluble sulfate, and a soluble borate; S3: injection molding a resin onto the surface of the resulting aluminum alloy substrate in step S2 in a mold to obtain the aluminum alloy-resin composite.

Abstract: A method of preparing aluminum alloy-resin composite and an aluminum alloy-resin composite obtained by the same are provided. of the method comprises: S1: anodizing a surface of an aluminum alloy substrate to form an oxide layer on the surface, the oxide layer including nanopores; S2: immersing the resulting aluminum alloy substrate obtained in step S1 in a buffer solution having a pH of about 10 to about 13, to form a corrosion pores on an outer surface of the oxide layer; and S3: injection molding a resin onto the surface of the resulting aluminum alloy substrate obtained in step S2 in a mold to obtain the aluminum alloy-resin composite.

Abstract: A metal-resin composite and method for producing the same are provided. The method comprises: A) forming nanopores in at least a part of a surface of a metal sheet; and B) injection molding a thermoplastic resin directly on the surface of the metal sheet. The thermoplastic resin includes a main resin and a polyolefin resin. The main resin includes a mixture of polyphenylene ether and polyphenylene sulfide. And the polyolefin resin has a melting point of about 65° C. to about 105° C.

Abstract: A copper foil having a matte side with nickel plated thereon in an amount of nickel in the range of 100,000-300,000 ?s/dm2. The plated copper foils have particular utility in Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) devices. The plated copper foils have a surface hardness of from 50 to 200, a tensile strength greater than 45 kg/mm2 and a shiny side surface roughness (Rz) not exceeding 2.0 ?m. The surface roughness of the matte side of the copper foil is in the range of 6 to 10 ?m. Copper nodules are present on the matte side of the copper foil between the copper foil and the nickel plating. Methods of producing the copper foil and PTC devices incorporating the copper foil are described.

Abstract: In a method, in which a plain bearing alloy layer is bonded to a surface of a backing steel sheet, and, a Bi-based overlay layer is then deposited on the plain bearing alloy layer by electroplating, replacement of Bi with the backing steel sheet and deposition of Bi on the backing steel sheet are prevented. Prior to the step of electroplating of the Bi-based overlay layer, the following metals and the like are formed on at least the back surface of the backing steel sheet. An electrochemically more noble metal than Bi, an electrochemically more base metal than Bi and capable of forming a passivation state, or resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for modifying piece surfaces consisting in bringing pieces into contact with at least one type of a modifying agent in such a way that the modification of the surface is carried out.

Abstract: A composition for making a contact includes a nickel-cobalt alloy containing 1% by weight or more to less than 20% by weight of cobalt, and 0.002 part by weight or more to 0.1 part by weight or less of sulfur with respect to 100 parts by weight of the nickel-cobalt alloy. The composition has an average particle size of 0.07 ?m or larger to 0.35 ?m or smaller.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed in which an electrically conductive substrate is immersed into an electrodepositable composition, the substrate serving as an electrode in an electrical circuit comprising the electrode and a counter-electrode immersed in the composition, a coating being applied onto or over at least a portion of the substrate as electric current is passed between the electrodes. The electrodepositable composition comprises: (a) an aqueous medium; (b) an ionic resin; and (c) solid particles.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to anodizing and anodized films. The methods described can be used to form opaque and white anodized films on a substrate. In some embodiments, the methods involve forming anodized films having branched pore structures. The branched pore structure provides a light scattering medium for incident visible light, imparting an opaque and white appearance to the anodized film. In some embodiments, the methods involve infusing metal complex ions within pores of an anodized. Once within the pores, the metal complex ions undergo a chemical change forming metal oxide particles. The metal oxide particles provide a light scattering medium for incident visible light, imparting an opaque and white appearance to the anodized film. In some embodiments, aspects of the methods for creating irregular or branched pores and methods for infusing metal complex ions within pores are combined.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a metal foam of at least one metal M having a porous micrometric structure, the method including a step of contact glow discharge electrolysis in an electrolytic plasma reduction conducted in an electrolytic solution in which are immersed an anode and a cathode connected to a continuous electrical power supply, the electrolytic solution including at least one first electrolyte in a solvent, the first electrolyte being the at least one metal M in cationic form, the electrolytic solution further including a gelatine, as well as a metal foam obtained by this method, and a device comprising such a foam.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a timepiece component, such as a balance, an oscillating mass or a wheel, comprises a micro-manufacturing technique, such as the DRIE technique. The method may comprise forming at least one member in or at the periphery of the structure, of a material different from that of the structure. This member is typically metal and is formed by electro-forming using a cavity of the structure as a mold.

Abstract: Systems (100) and methods (600) for making a marker. The methods comprise: obtaining a resonator material which has been annealed under a tensile force selected to provide a maximum resonant amplitude at a bias field Hmax in the marker; and providing with the bias material of the marker an operating bias field Hoperating with a value less than a value of said bias field Hmax. The value of Hoperating is reduced by performing at least one of the following operations: selectively modifying a geometry of a bias material which is to be disposed in a housing of the marker; selectively modifying a spacing between the resonator material and the bias material arranged in a stacked configuration; and partially de-gaussing the bias material subsequent to being fully saturated.

Abstract: A method for electrochemically reducing CO2 is provided. A cathode is provided, wherein the cathode comprises a conductive substrate with a catalyst of a metal and a metal oxide based coating on a side of the cathode. An anode is spaced apart from the cathode. An ionic transport is provided between the anode and cathode. The cathode is exposed to CO2 and H2O. The anode is exposed to H2O. A voltage is provided between the cathode and anode.

Abstract: A solar cell module is discussed. The solar cell module includes a plurality of solar cells, each solar cell including a substrate and an electrode part positioned at a surface of the substrate, an interconnector electrically connecting at least one of the solar cells to another of the solar cells; and a first conductive adhesive film including a first resin and a plurality of first conductive particles dispersed in the first resin. The first conductive adhesive film is positioned between the electrode part of the at least one solar cell and the interconnector to electrically connect the electrode part of the at least one solar cell to the interconnector. A contact surface between the first conductive particles and the interconnector is an uneven surface.

Abstract: A method is provided for imparting corrosion resistance onto a surface of a substrate. The method comprises contacting the surface of the substrate with an electrolytic plating solution comprising (a) a source of deposition metal ions of a deposition metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, palladium, silver, nickel, copper, gold, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, chrome, and alloys thereof, (b) a pre-mixed dispersion of non-metallic nano-particles, wherein the non-metallic particles have a pre-mix coating of surfactant molecules thereon; and applying an external source of electrons to the electrolytic plating solution to thereby electrolytically deposit a metal-based composite coating comprising the deposition metal and non-metallic nano-particles onto the surface.

Abstract: A magnesium alloy sheet is made of a magnesium alloy containing Al. Particles of an intermetallic compound containing at least one of Al and Mg are present in the sheet in a dispersed state. The sheet includes an oxide film which extends substantially over the surface of the sheet and which has a uniform thickness. The average size of the particles of the intermetallic compound is 0.5 ?m or less. The percentage of the total area of the particles is 11% or less. Therefore, the magnesium alloy sheet is excellent corrosion resistance. A magnesium alloy structural member is provided.

Abstract: Method for providing a nanopipette array for biosensing applications. A thin substrate of anodizable metal (“AN-metal,” such as Al, Mg, Zn, Ti, Ta and/or Nb) is anodized at temperature T=20-200° C., chemical bath pH=4-6 and electrical potential 1-300 Volts, to produce an array of anodized nanopipette channels, having diameters 10-50 nm, with oxidized channel surfaces of thickness 5-20 nm. A portion of exposed non-oxidized AN-metal between adjacent nanopipette channels, of length 1-5 ?m, is etched away, exposing inner and outer surfaces of a nanopipette channel. A probe molecule, is deposited on one or both surfaces to provide biosensing capability for K(?1) target molecules. Target molecule presence, in an above-threshold concentration, in a fluid passed through or adjacent to a nanopipette channel, produces characteristic detection signals associated with the probe molecule site.

Abstract: A 3D interconnect structure comprising an ultra-thin interposer having a plurality of ultra-high density of through-via interconnections defined therein. The 3D interposer electrically connects first and second electronic devices in vertical dimension and has the same or similar through-via density as the first or second electronic devices it connects. The various embodiments of the interconnect structure allows 3D ICs to be stacked with or without TSVs and increases bandwidth between the two electronic devices as compared to other interconnect structures of the prior art. Further, the interconnect structure of the present invention is scalable, testable, thermal manageable, and can be manufactured at relatively low costs. Such a 3D structure can be used for a wide variety of applications that require a variety of heterogeneous ICs, such as logic, memory, graphics, power, wireless and sensors that cannot be integrated into single ICs.

Abstract: A method of forming a position measurement system includes melting a surface of a substrate formed from a first material, wherein the surface defines at least one groove therein and wherein the surface is melted within the at least one groove. The method also includes, concurrent to melting, depositing a second material into the at least one groove to form a mixture of the first material and the second material. The method further includes solidifying the mixture to form an indicator material that is distinguishable from and metallurgically bonded to the first material, and depositing an alloy onto the substrate to form a corrosion-resistant cladding that covers the indicator material and the surface to thereby form the position measurement system. A position measurement system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A microchannel plate includes a substrate defining a plurality of channels extending from a top surface of the substrate to a bottom surface of the substrate. A resistive layer is formed over an outer surface of the plurality of channels that provides ohmic conduction with a predetermined resistivity that is substantially constant. An emissive layer is formed over the resistive layer. A top electrode is positioned on the top surface of the substrate. A bottom electrode positioned on the bottom surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating a bipolar ESC having a front surface and a back surface, the front surface including an anodized layer. The method includes eliminating the anodized layer, disposing a new anodized layer onto the front surface, and treating the new anodized layer with water to seal the new anodized layer.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy plate includes peritectic elements and Mg. Wherein plate thickness of the plate is represented as t (mm), a range within ±0.01×t from t/2 is represented as a central portion, a range within ±0.01×t from t/4 is represented as a quarter portion, and a range within 0.02×t from a top surface in the plate thickness direction is represented as a superficial portion, concentration of the peritectic elements is such that a concentration difference between in the central portion and in the quarter portion, and a concentration difference between in the central portion and in the superficial portion are 0.04% (mass %) or less. In addition, concentration of the Mg is such that a concentration difference between in the central portion and in the quarter portion, and a concentration difference between in the central portion and in the superficial portion of the plate thickness are 0.4% or less.

Abstract: This invention discloses a new process of preparing highly reflective coatings with thermal resistance on substrates of metals. The thermal resistant coating layers include a minor-like coating with high reflectivity and a transparent protective coating, which are coated on metallic substrates with surfaces pre-treated by anodizing or thermal resistant primers (base coating layers).

Abstract: An aluminum alloy comprising more than 3.5% and up to 6.0% of Mg, 0.02 to 1.0% inclusive of Cu, 0.02 to 0.1% inclusive of Cr, and a remainder made up by Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the contents of Si and Fe in the unavoidable impurities are limited to 0.05% or less and 0.05% or less, respectively, and wherein the number of intermetallic compound particles contained in the aluminum alloy and having a maximum length of 4 ?m or more is 50 particles or less per 1 mm2 of an arbitrary cross-sectional area of the aluminum alloy. An aluminum alloy is provided, which has excellent anodic-oxidation-treatability and can be used for providing an anodic-oxidation-treated aluminum alloy member having high withstand voltage properties and such excellent heat resistance that the occurrence of cracking under high temperatures conditions can be prevented.

Abstract: Provided is a method for obtaining a cooking container comprising the following steps: producing a vessel having an aluminium outer face and an inner face, performing anodisation on at least the outer face of the vessel to obtain an anodic coating having pores. At least one colouring step is carried out on the anodised outer face after anodisation, the colouring step or steps implements at least one metal salt deposited at the bottom of the pores of the anodic coating by electrochemical technique. Also provided is a culinary article or an electric cooking appliance comprising a cooking container obtained according to the abovementioned method.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to anodic films and methods for forming anodic films. The methods described can be used to form anodic films that have a white appearance. Methods involve positioning reflective particles on or within a substrate prior to or during an anodizing process. The reflective particles are positioned within the metal oxide of the resultant anodic film but substantially outside the pores of the anodic film. The reflective particles scatter incident light giving the resultant anodic film a white appearance.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrodepositable coating compositions that include a cationic amine salt group-containing (meth)acrylic polymer in which the (meth)acrylic polymer is prepared by polymerizing a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising at least 10% by weight of a (meth)acrylic monomer containing hydroxy ester groups, the % by weight being based on total weight of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and an acid salt of a guanidine or a guanidine reaction product. Associated methods of preparing an amine salt group containing composition and for coating a substrate are also disclosed. Substrates coated with the electrodepositable coating composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for grafting an organic film onto an electrically conductive or semiconductive surface by electro-reduction of a solution, wherein the solution comprises one diazonium salt and one monomer bearing at least one chain polymerizable functional group. During the electrolyzing process, at least one protocols consisting of an electrical polarization of the surface by applying a variable potential over at least a range of values which are more cathodic that the reduction or peak potential of all diazonium salts in said solution is applied. The invention also relates to an electrically conducting or semiconducting surface obtained by implementing this method. The invention further relates to electrolytic compositions.

Abstract: A photo-resist (21) is applied in a pattern of vertical columns having the dimensions of holes or pores of the aperture plate to be produced. This mask pattern provides the apertures which define the aerosol particle size, having up to 2500 holes per square mm. There is electro-deposition of metal (22) into the spaces around the columns (21). There is further application of a second photo-resist mask (25) of much larger (wider and taller) columns, encompassing the area of a number of first columns (21). The hole diameter in the second plating layer is chosen according to a desired flow rate.

Abstract: Provided is an anodic oxide processing method in which the generation of cracks is suppressed in an anodic oxide film formed on an aluminum alloy substrate surface, such as an inner wall of a vacuum chamber of a plasma processing device, and an anodic oxide film having low heat reflectivity and a high withstand voltage is formed with high efficiency. The method for forming an anodic oxide film involves forming the anodic oxide film on the surface of a JIS 6061 aluminum alloy substrate in a sulfuric acid solution or a mixed acid solution of sulfuric acid and oxalic acid.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy for die-casting, a metal case for a portable electrical device, and a method of manufacturing the metal case are disclosed. The aluminum alloy for die-casting includes about 1.95% to about 4.10% by weight of manganese, about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight of zinc, about 0.3% to about 0.8% by weight of zircon, about 0.03% to about 0.09% by weight of titanium, and a remainder of aluminum. Thus, the aluminum alloy may provide a mechanical property and a glossiness that are appropriate for a case of a portable electrical device.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to anodizing and anodized films. The methods described can be used to form opaque and white anodized films on a substrate. In some embodiments, the methods involve forming anodized films having branched pore structures. The branched pore structure provides a light scattering medium for incident visible light, imparting an opaque and white appearance to the anodized film. In some embodiments, the methods involve infusing metal complex ions within pores of an anodized. Once within the pores, the metal complex ions undergo a chemical change forming metal oxide particles. The metal oxide particles provide a light scattering medium for incident visible light, imparting an opaque and white appearance to the anodized film. In some embodiments, aspects of the methods for creating irregular or branched pores and methods for infusing metal complex ions within pores are combined.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to anodizing and anodized films. The methods described can be used to form opaque and white anodized films on a substrate. In some embodiments, the methods involve forming anodized films having branched pore structures. The branched pore structure provides a light scattering medium for incident visible light, imparting an opaque and white appearance to the anodized film. In some embodiments, the methods involve infusing metal complex ions within pores of an anodized. Once within the pores, the metal complex ions undergo a chemical change forming metal oxide particles. The metal oxide particles provide a light scattering medium for incident visible light, imparting an opaque and white appearance to the anodized film. In some embodiments, aspects of the methods for creating irregular or branched pores and methods for infusing metal complex ions within pores are combined.

Abstract: The present invention relates to activated solutions comprising one or more of hypochlorous acid, bicarbonate ions, and phosphate ions for use in water treatment, in particular water purification and descaling, and processes for making the same.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for manufacturing rotogravure cylinders with a cylinder base made of a light weight material like aluminum. The method involves the surface treatment of the cylinder with mechanical means, the copper plating in an appropriate solution, the engraving of the cylinder, and the hardening of the cylinder by chromium plating. The advantage of this method is that the chemical treatment for the preparation of the cylinder surface which generates hazardous waste is replaced by a mechanical process. In addition, the reduction of the cylinder weight considerably (e.g. for aluminum base cylinder the weight reduction is two thirds of the weight of a steel base cylinder) reduces significantly the transportation costs. Moreover, the adhesion of the copper layer to be engraved is improved and the cost and time of manufacturing reduced.

Abstract: Plasma-chemical method for production of black oxide ceramic layers on aluminium, magnesium, titanium or alloys thereof and special materials containing these substances according to the process of anodic oxidation in aqueous electrolytes, wherein an electrolyte is used which contains iron and vanadium.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and system for electrolytically coating an article. The method includes providing an article to be coated and disposing the article in an electrolytic cell. The cell includes an anode, a cathode in operable communication with the article, and an electrolyte bath. During electrolysis, the electrolyte bath comprises cobalt ions, phosphorous acid, and tribological particles selected from the group consisting of refractory materials, solid lubricants and mixtures thereof dispersed therein. The method further includes applying steady direct electric current through the anode, the electrolyte bath and the cathode to coat the article with cobalt, phosphorous and the tribological particles. An improved composition of matter is also provided that may be used as a coating, or the composition may be electroformed on a mandrel to form an article made from the composition of matter.

Abstract: A galvanic bath for the electrolytic deposition of a composite material based on gold, copper and cadmium, including gold, copper and cadmium as cyanide, has a pH higher than 7, and further includes carbon nanotubes, and does not contain any surfactant used to disperse the carbon nanotubes. A method for the galvanic deposition of a composite material on a substrate, includes the steps of preparing such a bath and ultrasound treatment of the bath, and does not include any step of thermal pre-treatment of the bath.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a laminate, such as a conductive pattern, having an excellent adhesion at the interfaces between a layer that serves as a support and a conductive layer containing a conductive material and between the conductive layer and a plating layer. The present invention provides a laminate at least including a support layer (I), a conductive layer (II) having an oxidized surface, and a plating layer (III) formed on the oxidized surface of the conductive layer (II); the present invention also provides a conductive pattern and electric circuit each including such a laminate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photocatalyst and a method of manufacturing a photocatalyst. More specifically, the present invention relates to a high surface area TiO 2 photocatalyst formed by electrolytic discharge oxidation (EDO) of a substrate comprising titanium. A flexible high surface area photocatalyst architecture comprising a compliant, cohesive, well-adhered and highly porous surface layer of the anatase phase of titanium dioxide is provided. The highly porous surface layer of the anatase phase of titanium dioxide is formed in a single step by the electrolytic oxidation of a titanium surface on a permeable, flexible, and electrically conductive substrate sponge structure.

Abstract: A method of forming a down-hole tool comprises contacting at least a portion of at least one down-hole structure comprising at least one ceramic-metal composite material with a molten electrolyte comprising sodium tetraborate. Electrical current is applied to at least a portion of the at least one down-hole structure to form at least one borided down-hole structure comprising at least one metal boride material. Other methods of forming a down-hole tool, and a down-hole tool are also described.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a stamper of the invention includes: performing a blast process on an aluminum base material, and thereafter anodizing a processing surface of the blast-processed aluminum base material so that a structure which includes a rough rugged structure having an specific arithmetic average roughness Ra and a specific period Sm and a fine rugged structure which is formed on the rough rugged structure to have a shorter period than that of the rough rugged structure is formed on a surface of the aluminum base material. In the stamper of the invention, by anodizing the processing surface of the blast-processed aluminum base material, the structure which includes the specific rough rugged structure and the fine rugged structure which is formed on the specific rough rugged structure to have a shorter period than that of the rough rugged structure is formed on the surface of the aluminum base material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a single crystal copper having [100] orientation and a volume of 0.1˜4.0×106 ?m3. The present invention further provides a manufacturing method for the single crystal copper and a substrate comprising the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aluminum alloy component having an anodic oxide film less causing cracks and high in surface smoothness, which is capable of reducing abrasion of a cutting tool regardless of the excellent machinability. The aluminum alloy component (1) has an anodic oxide film formed on a surface of a base metal of an aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy consists of Fe: 0.5 to 2 mass %, Cu: 0.35 to 0.6 mass %, Mg: 0.35 to 1.3 mass %, Si: 0.2 to 1.3 mass %, Cr: 0.005 to 0.3 mass %, Mn: 0.01 to 0.3 mass %, Ti: 0.005 to 0.1 mass %, and the balance being inevitable impurities, wherein Zn is controlled to be less than 0.25 mass %, and wherein Al—Fe series crystals and Al—Fe—Si series crystals having a maximum grain diameter of 30 ?m or less exist in the anodic oxide film in a dispersed manner with an average center-to-center distance of 10 to 100 ?m, and a percentage of a total occupied area of the Al—Fe series crystals and Al—Fe—Si series crystals in the anodic oxide film is 5% or more.

Abstract: Provided is a copper foil for a printed wiring board including a roughened layer on at least one surface thereof. In the roughened layer, the average diameter D1 at the particle bottom being apart from the bottom of each particle by 10% of the particle length is 0.2 to 1.0 ?m, and the ratio L1/D1 of the particle length L1 to the average diameter D1 at the particle bottom is 15 or less. In the copper foil for printed wiring board, when a copper foil for printed wiring having a roughened layer is laminated to a resin and then the copper layer is removed by etching, the sum of areas of holes accounting for the resin roughened surface having unevenness is 20% or more. The present invention involves the development of a copper foil for a semiconductor package substrate that can avoid circuit erosion without causing deterioration in other properties of the copper foil.

Abstract: A method for electrochemically producing a tin/lithium oxide composite thin film includes providing a solution comprising 10?3 to 10?2 M lithium nitrate and 10?4 to 10?3 M stannic chloride or stannous chloride; electrodepositing the tin/lithium oxide composite thin film on a conductive substrate with a reference electrode of Ag/AgCI and a voltage of 900 to 1500 mV; and drying the tin/lithium oxide composite thin film at a temperature of 15 to 40° C. and a relative humidity of at least 75%.