Abstract: A hydrocracking process, of especial use in producing high octane gasoline from gas oils and the like, comprises contacting a gas oil or other hydrocarbon feedstock under hydrocracking conditions with a novel catalyst comprising at least one niobium component and a support material comprising a cracking component.

Abstract: There is provided an additive for the hydroconversion of a heavy hydrocarbon oil, which is obtained by suspending a fine powder of a carbonaceous substance and a solution of a heteropolymolybdic acid and/or transition metal salts thereof in a hydrocarbon oil. By the use of the additive of the present invention, the hydroconversion of a heavy hydrocarbon oil can be effectively performed at high conversion without occurrence of coking.

Abstract: A method for hydrocracking a heavy fraction oil characterized by cracking a heavy fraction oil in the presence of a hydrogen donating solvent and hydrogen gas and circulating a fraction having a specific boiling range as the circulating solvent through the cracking reactor whereby the formation of carbonaceous substances is greatly inhibited, the supply of a makeup hydrogen donating solvent is disposed with and the concentration of tetralin in the circulating solvent is maintained at a fixed or higher level.

Abstract: Molecular sieve compositions having three-dimensional microporous framework structures of CrO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral oxide units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the formula:mR: (Cr.sub.x Al.sub.Y P.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (Cr.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; and "x", "y" and "z" represents the mole fractions of chromium, aluminum and phosphorus, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is also disclosed.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves having three-dimensional microporous framework structures of MnO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral oxide units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the formula:mR: (Mn.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (Mn.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; and "w", "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of manganese, aluminum, phosphorus and silicon, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is also disclosed.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing catalyst contains nickel, phosphorus and about 19 to about 21.5 weight percent of molybdenum (MoO.sub.3) components on a porous refractory oxide. The catalyst has a narrow pore size distribution wherein at least 75 percent of the pore volume is in pores of diameter from about 50 to about 110 angstroms, at least 10 percent of the pore volume in pores of diameter less than 70 angstroms and at least 60 percent of the pore volume in pores of diameter within about 20 angstroms above or below the average pore diameter. The catalyst is employed to hydroprocess a hydrocarbon oil, especially those oils containing sulfur and nitrogen components.

Abstract: A catalyst containing a non-hydrolyzable halogen component and an amorphous refractory oxide having controlled pore sizes is employed to hydroprocess a hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: Delaminated clays whose X-ray diffraction patterns do not contain a distinct first order reflection are prepared from synthetic and natural swelling clays whose particles have a length-to-width ratio greater than about 2.0, a length-to-thickness ratio greater than about 5.0 and are comprised of randomly oriented platelets by reacting the clay with a pillaring agent selected from the group consisting of polyoxymetal cations, mixtures of polyoxymetal cations, colloidal particles comprising alumina, silica, titania, chromia, tin oxide, antimony oxide or mixtures thereof, and cationic metal clusters comprising nickel, molybdenum, cobalt or tungsten and then subjecting the resulting reaction products to drying in a gaseous medium, preferably spray drying. The resulting acidic delaminated clays, which contain the microporosity associated with zeolites and pollared clays and the macroporosity associated with amorphous aluminosilicates, may be used as the active component of cracking and hydroprocessing catalysts.

Abstract: A catalyst containing a non-hydrolyzable halogen component is employed to hydroprocess a hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: Disclosed are hydroconversion processes catalyzed by aromatic-metal chelate compositions which are deficient in hydrogen, are cross-linked, and which are comprised of two or more heteroatoms, wherein at least one of the heteroatoms are part of a 5 to 6 member heterocyclic ring, and wherein the metal constituent is selected from Groups III, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and the heteroatom is selected from sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of preparing a metal-containing amorphous magnesia-alumina-aluminum phosphate catalyst support involving the admixture of an organic cation having a size equal to or greater than 2 Angstroms, the organic cation preferably being a tertiary or a tetraalkylammonium or phosphonium cation. The method permits recovery of a catalyst support having a controlled pore size distribution. The invention also relates to an improved catalytic support as well as an improved petroleum residua upgrading process comprising hydrotreating residua in the presence of the improved catalyst support.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrocracking process employing a plurality of reaction zones wherein at least one reaction zone contains a small nominal size hydrocracking catalyst (10 to 16 U.S. Sieve mesh size) and wherein the catalyst situated upstream of the small nominal size hydrocracking has a particle size greater than the small nominal size hydrocracking catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing a pumpable syncrude from a Fischer-Tropsch wax by fractionating the wax into relatively low boiling fraction containing oxygenate compounds and a relatively high boiling fraction which is substantially free of oxygenate compounds and thereafter isomerizing/hydrocracking the low boiling fraction in the presence of hydrogen and a fluorided Group VIII metal-on-alumina catalyst. The preferred Group VIII metal is platinum.The pumpable syncrude is thereafter fractionated to produce a low boiling fraction which is thereafter isomerized/hydrocracked in the presence of hydrogen and a fluorided Group VIII metal-on-alumina catalyst to produce upgraded middle distillate fuel products. The preferred catalyst for middle distillate production is a fluorided platinum-on-alumina catalyst where a major portion of the fluoride within the catalyst is present as aluminum fluoride hydroxide hydrate.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for use in the hydrodemetallization and hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks and method of making same and, more particularly, an improved catalyst having two distinct phases supported on a refractory support wherein the first phase effectively stores metals removed from the feedstock and the second phase exhibits superior catalytic acitivity for hydrogenation when processing heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: An novel class of iron-aluminum-phosphorus-silicon-oxide molecular sieves is disclosed which contain as framework constituents FeO.sub.2.sup.-, and/or FeO.sub.2.sup.-2, AlO.sub.2.sup.-, PO.sub.2.sup.+ and SiO.sub.2 tetrahedral oxide units. These compositions are prepared hydrothermally, preferably using organic templating agents and are suitably employed as adsorbents and catalysts.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed involving the hydrocracking of a catalytic cycle oil in the presence of a catalyst having a nickel component, a tungsten component, and a support component containing a crystalline molecular sieve material present in an amount ranging from 25 to 60 wt. % based on the weight of the support component with the balance being alumina.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed involving the hydrocracking of a catalytic cycle oil in the presence of a catalyst having a nickel component, a tungsten component, and a support component containing a crystalline molecular sieve material present in an amount ranging from 10 to 40 wt. % based on the weight of the support component with the balance of the support component being alumina.

Abstract: A proces for hydrocracking 343.degree. C..sup.+ feedstock which contains polycyclic aromatics to form a lube base stock having enhanced oxidation stability and viscosity index is disclosed. The process employs a catalyst which comprises a layered silicate, such as magadiite which contains interspathic polymeric silica and interspathic polymeric oxides of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Cr, Ga, In, Mo, Nb, Ni, Ti, Tl, W and Zr, preferably Al. The catalyst may also contain a hydrogenation component, e.g., palladium.

Abstract: An effective hydrotreating process is provided to minimize precipitation of asphaltenic solids in the product oil. In the preferred process, an aromatic diluent, preferably comprising decanted oil, is injected into one or more of the fractionators downstream of the reactor.

Abstract: By use of a slurry mixture described herein, catalyst particles or other similar particles can be transferred over considerable temperature differential without breaking or crumbling.By selecting a carrier fluid with a combination of high critical temperature and low critical pressure relative to the conditions under which the particles will function, a slurry mixture is provided which protects the contained particles against breakage.

Abstract: Resid hydrotreating conversion of resid can be substantially increased by blending the resid with high-temperature flash drum oil before being hydrotreated in a train of ebullated bed reactors. The high-temperature flash drum oil also improves the overall thermal efficiency of the process.

Abstract: A hydrofining process (preferably hydrovisbreaking process) comprises contacting a substantially liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed stream, which contains Ramsbottom carbon residue and materials boiling in excess of about 1000.degree. F. at atmospheric conditions, with a free hydrogen-containing gas and a catalyst composition comprising at least one catechol compound of molybdenum. Preferably the catechol compound of molybdenum is prepared by reaction of a compound comprising molybdenum and oxygen with a catechol compound under non-reducing conditions.

Abstract: A hydrocracking process comprises the step of contacting a liquid hydrocarbon containing feed with a free hydrogen containing gas and a catalyst composition comprising a silica/titania on alumina support material which has been promoted with compounds of nickel, molybdenum, and preferably, also phosphorus. Preferably, the feed is a vacuum gas oil, and the production of middle distillates is maximized.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrocracking process wherein the feedstock is contacted in a first reaction zone with a first reaction zone catalyst comprising a nickel component and a molybdenum component deposed on a support consisting essentially of a refractory inorganic oxide. The effluent from the first reaction zone is then contacted in a second reaction zone with a second reaction zone catalyst comprising a nickel component and a tungsten component deposed on a support component consisting essentially of an alumina component and a crystalline molecular sieve component. The effluent from the second reaction zone effluent is then contacted in a third reaction zone with a third reaction zone catalyst comprising a cobalt component and a molybdenum component deposed on a support component comprising a silica-alumina component and a crystalline molecular sieve component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrocracking process wherein the feedstock is first contacted with a first catalyst containing a nickel component and a tungsten component supported on a support containing alumina and a crystalline molecular sieve followed by subsequent contact with a second hydrocracking catalyst containing a cobalt component and a molybdenum component supported on a support containing silica-alumina and a crystalline molecular sieve and the first catalyst. This subsequent contact with the second and first catalysts is carried out either serially or in one step wherein the first and second catalysts are physically mixed.

Abstract: Hollow porous microspheres are used as substrates and containers for catalyst to make microsphere catalysts.The hollow porous microspheres are made from dispersed particle compositions. The microspheres have a single central cavity, have substantially uniform diameters and substantially uniform wall thickness and the walls of the microspheres have substantially uniform void content, i.e., interconnecting voids, and have substantially uniform distribution of interconnecting voids. The interconnecting voids in the walls of the microspheres are continuous and extend from the outer wall surface of the microsphere to the inner wall surface of the microsphere.The microsphere catalysts are prepared by coating or impregnating the hollow porous microspheres with a catalyst or by applying a catalyst support to the microspheres and then coating or impregnating the microspheres and catalyst support with a catalyst.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves having three-dimensional microporous framework structure of MO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2, and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral oxide units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis are expressed by the formula:mR: (M.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (M.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; "M" represents at least two elements capable of forming framework tetrahedral oxides and selected from the group consisting of arsenic, beryllium, boron, chromium, gallium, germanium, lithium and vanadium; and "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of "M", aluminum and phosphorus, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is disclosed. The catalyst is useful in the cracking and hydrocracking of various hydrocarbonaceous feeds.

Abstract: Problems associated with the formation of polycyclic aromatic compounds within hydrocracking reaction zones are reduced by a feed pretreating sequence which comprises first contacting the feed with a metal-free alumina to produce polycyclic compounds or their precursors followed by their removal by contacting the feed with a bed of adsorbent such as charcoal. The feed pretreatment steps are operated at an elevated temperature but at a very reduced pressure and preferably substantially free of hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for converting a heavy hydrocarbon into a more valuable product which comprises:adding to the heavy hydrocarbon at least two kinds of substances comprising an oil-soluble or water-soluble transition metal compound and an ultra-fine powder which can be suspended in a hydrocarbon and has an average particle size within the range from 5 to 1000 m.mu.;thermally cracking the heavy hydrocarbon in the presence of a hydrogen gas or a hydrogen sulfide-containing hydrogen gas; andrecovering the resulting lighter hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: A slurry catalytic hydroconversion process comprising at least two hydroconversion zones is provided in which the heavy hydrocarbonaceous fresh oil feed is added to more than one hydroconversion zone. Additional portions of catalysts or catalyst precursors are also added to the first hydroconversion zone and to additional hydroconversion zones.

Abstract: A slurry catalytic hydroconversion process comprising at least two hydroconversion zones is provided in which the heavy hydrocarbonaceous fresh oil feed is added to more than one hydroconversion zone. Additional portions of catalysts or catalyst precursors are also added to the first hydroconversion zone and to additional hydroconversion zones wherein said additional hydroconversion zones are maintained at a temperature of at least 10.degree. F. higher than an immediate preceding hydroconversion zone.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the thermal treatment of hydrocarbon charges having a high content of asphaltenes in the presence of additives which prevent coke formation. The additive according to the invention is a salt of a metal selected from V, Mo, Cr, W, Fe, Co and Ni at a concentration between 100 and 2500 ppm of metal relative to the charge either in the form of a suspension of solid particles, in solution or as an emulsion. These additives prevent the coke formation in all thermal treatments of which the temperature is above about 420.degree. C., such as viscoreduction or hydro viscoreduction.

Abstract: A carbonaceous feed, such as a heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil or coal and mixtures thereof, is upgraded by a combination coking and catalytic slurry hydroconversion process which may be integrated with a deasphalting process.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a spent, naturally occurring catalyst characterized by an iron content of about 10 to 70 wt. % as metal comprises contacting the spent catalyst with a mixture of water vapor and air in a water vapor/air ratio of between 1:1 to 20:1 at a flow rate of about 0.1 to 50 l/min., a temperature of about 200.degree. to 700.degree. C., a pressure of about 0.3 to 80 atmospheres for a time of about 0.1 to 20 hours so as to obtain a regenerated catalyst having a crystallinity value of about 1.0 to 6.5.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved hydroconversion process for the hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks containing asphaltenes, metals, and sulfur compounds which process minimizes the production of carbonaceous insoluble solids and catalyst attrition rates. The process is characterized by the use of a catalyst which has about 0.1 to about 0.3 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters greater than 1,200.ANG. and no more than 0.1 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters greater than 4,000.ANG..

Abstract: A process for converting heavy hydrocarbons into light hydrocarbons which comprises contacting, in a reaction zone, a heavy hydrocarbon having an API gravity at 25.degree. C. of less than about 20, such as Boscan heavy crude oil or tar sand bitumen, with a liquid comprising water and with an effective amount of selected catalyst materials such as iron (II and/or III) oxides, sulfides or sulfates, in the absence of externally added hydrogen, at a temperature between greater than about 340.degree. and about 480.degree. C. and at a pressure between about 1350 kPa (about 196 psig, about 13.2 atm) and about 15,000 kPa (about 2175 psig, about 148 atm), for a time sufficient to produce a residue and a vapor phase comprising light hydrocarbons, gaseous product and water, withdrawing the residue and said phase from the second zone; and recovering a light hydrocarbon product having an API gravity at 25.degree. C. of greater than about 20 and substantially free of vanadium and nickel values, i.e.

Abstract: Hydroconversion processes utilizing a catalyst prepared from a catalyst precursor concentrate such as phosphomolybdic acid, is provided. The catalyst precursor concentrate is treated at relatively low pressures in a specified manner.

Abstract: A catalyst consisting essentially of a nickel component, a molybdnemum component, a phosphorus component on a heterogeneous support containing alumina matrix is employed to mildly hydrocrack a hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: A process for separating finely divided solid particles from a hydroprocessing liquid product which comprises treating a heavy hydrocarbon feed having an asphaltene content of at least 1 wt. % so as to obtain an unstable product characterized by heavy molecular weight molecules which promote the agglomeration of said finely divided solid particles and thereafter feeding said unstable product to a precipitating zone provided with a centrifugal decanter for precipitating the agglomerated solid particles and said heavy molecular weight molecules in said precipitating zone wherein at least 80 wt. % of the finely divided solid particles is recovered.

Abstract: A slurry hydroconversion process is provided in which a catalyst precursor concentrate comprising an aqueous solution of phosphomolybdic acid and a heavy oil is contacted with hot hydrogen to vaporize the water from the concentrate. The resulting catalyst precursor concentrate is introduced into a hydrocarbonaceous chargestock and the resulting mixture is heated in the presence of added hydrogen to convert the phosphomolybdic acid to a solid molybdenum-containing catalyst. The resulting slurry is subjected to hydroconversion conditions.

Abstract: A multiple single-stage process for the conversion of heavy hydrocarbonaceous charge stock into a lower boiling distillate hydrocarbon product. Fresh charge stock and hydrogen are introduced into a first catalytic reaction zone for substantially 100% conversion of the feed. Hydrocracked product effluent from the first hydrocracking reaction zone which comprises a predetermined distillate fraction is passed with an accucracked effluent from a second catalytic hydrocracking or accucracking reaction zone into a separation zone and separated into various hydrocarbon streams including a light hydrocarbon stream comprising the distillate product, a middle hydrocarbon stream and a heavy hydrocarbon stream. The middle hydrocarbon stream comprising said distillate fraction and hydrogen is introduced into the second catalytic hydrocracking or accucracking reaction zone for conversion into a lower boiling accucracked effluent stream comprising the distillate hydrocarbons boiling in the distillate product range.

Abstract: A liquefaction process for coal lignite or heavy oil is disclosed utilizing a hydrogen-donor solvent. The preferred hydrogen-donor solvent is recovered as a vapor from the liquefaction mixture. The preferred method for converting the vapor into active hydrogen-donor solvent form involves passage of the vapor over a catalyst bed positioned in the vapor space of the catalyst vessel. Novel apparatus for so positioning the catalyst bed is also disclosed.

Abstract: A hydrotreating (hydrovisbreaking) process comprises the step of contacting under suitable reaction conditions (A) a substantially liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed stream which contains more than 0.1 weight-% Ramsbottom carbon residue, (B) a free hydrogen-containing gas and (C) a catalyst composition comprising alkyl molybdate and/or molybdenum sulfonate.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feeds are upgraded by contacting same, at elevated temperature and in the presence of hydrogen, with a self-promoted catalyst prepared by heating one or more water soluble catalyst precursors in a non-oxidizing atmosphere in the presence of sulfur at a temperature of at least about 200.degree. C. The precursors will be one or more compounds of the formula ML(Mo.sub.y W.sub.1-y O.sub.4) wherein M is one or more promoter metals selected from the group consisting essentially of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and mixtures thereof, wherein O.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1 and wherein L is a nitrogen containing, neutral multidentate, chelating ligand. In a preferred embodiment the ligand L will comprise one or more chelating alkyl di or triamines and the non-oxidizing atmosphere and to form the catalyst will comprise H.sub.2 S.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feeds are upgraded by contacting a feed, at elevated temperature and in the presence of hydrogen, with a supported self-promoted catalyst prepared by heating a composite of support material and one or more catalyst precursor salts under oxygen-free conditions and in the presence of sulfur at a temperature of at least about 250.degree. C. The precursor salt or salts will be of the general formula (ML)(Mo.sub.y W.sub.1-y S.sub.4) wherein M comprises one or more promoter metals selected from the group consisting essentially of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and mixtures thereof, wherein y is any value ranging from 0 to 1 and wherein L is one or more neutral, nitrogen-containing ligands at least one of which is a chelating, polydentate ligand.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy petroleum feedstocks to distillate products with reduced metals and asphaltene content by reaction with hydrogen in the presence of at least two metal catalysts, one a known hydrogenation catalyst and the other either zinc, iron or copper.

Abstract: A process for producing a high octane gasoline from a hydrocarbon feedstock in which the feedstock is contacted in the presence of hydrogen under hydrocracking conditions, preferably ammonia-rich hydrocracking conditions, with a hydrocracking catalyst comprising at least one hydrogenation metal component in combination with a crystalline, silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve having pores defined by 12-membered rings of oxygen atoms. The preferred silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve is SAPO-5 molecular sieve and the catalyst preferably contains both a Group VIB metal hydrogenation component, such as molybdenum or tungsten, and a Group VIII hydrogenation metal component, such as nickel or cobalt. It has been found that such a process produces gasoline boiling fractions having substantially increased research and motor octane numbers.

Abstract: Mild hydrocracking is accomplished with a catalyst containing one or more hydrogenation metals supported on an amorphous porous refractory oxide having a narrow pore size distribution and a small mode pore diameter.

Abstract: A feed is subjected to deasphalting to separately recover oil, resin and pitch. The resin fraction is upgraded to valuable product, for example, by hydrogenation or visbreaking, and heavier components from the upgrading are recycled to the deasphalting for removing pitchlike components prior to being recycled to the upgrading step.

Abstract: A process for the regeneration of a spent catalyst used in the upgrading of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks comprises roasting a spent natural iron base catalyst contaminated with carbon, sulfur and vanadium at a temperature of not more than 400.degree. C. in the presence of a carbonate selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, and mixtures thereof so as to eliminate carbon from the catalyst and obtain a roasted product containing iron oxide and water soluble salts of sulfur and vanadium. The roasted product is thereafter water leached so as to dissolve the soluble salts of sulfur and vanadium. The regenerated catalyst is thereafter separated from the leaching liquor so as to obtain a catalyst substantially free of carbon and sulfur.