Abstract: The present invention provides diesel fuel oil composition comprising a base fuel which contains normal paraffin compounds having a carbon number of 20 or more 4.0 wt % or less, has a specific carbon number distribution in the high-boiling normal paraffin compounds, contains sulfur at 0.05 wt % or less, and is incorporated with 0.01 to 0.1 wt % of a FI.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diesel fuel oil composition comprising a base fuel which contains normal paraffin compounds having a carbon number of 20 or more at 4.0 wt % or less, has a specific carbon number distribution in the high-boiling normal paraffin compounds, contains sulfur at 0.05 wt % or less, and is incorporated with 0.01 to 0.1 wt % of an FI and 0.002 to 0.1 wt % of lubricity improver.

Abstract: A refinery stream such as a VGO is hydrocracking in a hydrocracking reaction zone within an integrated hydroconversion process. Effluent from the hydrocracking reaction zone is combined with a second refinery stream, and the blended stream hydrotreated in a hydrotreating reaction zone. The hydrocracked effluent serves as a heat sink for the hydrotreating reaction zone. The integrated reaction system provides a single hydrogen supply and recirculation system for use in two reaction systems.

Abstract: An energy fortified diesel fuel is provided containing a hydrocarbon additive wherein greater than 50% vaporizes at or above about 650.degree. F. and diesel fuel of which about 90% of the diesel fuel vaporizes at or below about 640.degree. F. or about 95% of the diesel fuel vaporizes at or below about 698.degree. F. This energy fortified diesel fuel is made by distilling a heavy hydrocarbon fraction such as slurry oil or heavy cycle oil obtained from an FCC unit or a heavy hydrocarbon fraction obtained from a steam cracker unit at a temperature of between about 500 and 750.degree. F. and at a pressure of between about 1 mm Hg and 10 psig to remove contaminants, removing distillate from this distillation, and mixing the distillate with diesel fuel, wherein about 90% of the diesel fuel vaporizes at or below about 640.degree. F. or about 95% of the diesel fuel vaporizes at or below about 698.degree. F., to form an energy fortified diesel fuel.

Abstract: A low emission diesel fuel suitable for use in underground diesel-engined mining equipment comprises a straight run distillate fuel having an end point not greater than 300.degree. C. (about 660.degree. F.), a cetane number in the range of 55 to 60 a specific gravity not greater than 0.83 a sulfur content not greater than 0.1 wt percent and an aromatics content of 18 to 30 wt. percent. The T.sub.90 of the fuels is typically in the range of 255.degree. to 270.degree. C. (about 490.degree. F. to 525.degree. F.), with an initial boiling points typically in the range of 170.degree. to 190.degree. C. (about 340.degree. to 374.degree. F.). Ten percent points (T.sub.10) are typically in the range from about 200.degree. to 220.degree. C. (about 390.degree. to 430.degree. F.). The API gravity of the fuel is at least 38 and is typically in the range of 38 to 42 and the specific gravity is typically in the range of 0.82 to 0.83.

Abstract: Petroleum products are marked with a marker such as thymolphthalein or cresolphthalein. When the marked petroleum products are contacted with a developing reagent, a color develops.

Abstract: A low emission diesel fuel suitable for use in underground diesel-engined mining equipment comprises a straight run distillate fuel having an end point not greater than 300.degree. C. (about 660.degree. F.), a cetane number in the range of 55 to 60 a specific gravity not greater than 0.83 a sulfur content not greater than 0.1 wt percent and an aromatics content of 18 to 30 wt. percent. The T.sub.90 of the fuels is typically in the range of 255.degree. to 270.degree. C. (about 490.degree. F. to 525.degree. F.), with an initial boiling points typically in the range of 170.degree. to 190.degree. C. (about 340.degree. to 374.degree. F). Ten percent points (T.sub.10) are typically in the range from about 200.degree. to 220.degree. C. (about 390.degree. to 430.degree. F.). The API gravity of the fuel is at least 38 and is typically in the range of 38 to 42 and the specific gravity is typically in the range of 0.82 to 0.83.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyolefins having predominantly a terminal double bond and a number average molecular weight of from 250 to 10,000, which possess an aliphatic hydrocarbon skeleton which is straight-chain or carries C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl side chains, with from 1 to 10 mol, per equivalent of double bond, of one or more vinyl esters I ##STR1## are obtainable by reacting the stated polyolefins with the vinyl esters I in the presence of a free radical initiator at from 80 to 200.degree. C., it being possible for these reaction products subsequently to have been hydrolyzed to the corresponding alcohols or converted into the corresponding amines by reductive amination with amines II ##STR2## .

Abstract: The invention concerns a jet engine fuel having the following characteristics:i) distilling range from 140 to 300.degree. C.;ii) cis-decalin/trans-decalin ratio greater than 0.2;iii) aromatics content less than 22% by volume;iv) sulfur content less than 100 ppm, andv) lower heating value per unit volume greater than 34.65 Mj/liter.Also process for making the same wherein for example a cut from catalytic cracking distilling between 140 and 300.degree.0 C. is subjected to a hydrotreatment step and then to a dearomatization step.

Abstract: A method for producing synthetical oils and storable products of calorific energy, by co-processing waste rubber materials, especially waste tires, and coal optionally in the presence of a material containing Fe as a catalyst, comprising the steps of mixing triturated waste rubber material having a particle size of preferredly 1-5 mm, and coal having particle sizes of 0.2-1 mm, and, when used, the catalyst having a referred particle size of 0.05-0.015 mm, until obtaining a mixture, heating the mixture in a reactor to a temperature between 300.degree. C. and 500.degree. C., during 3-180 minutes, at a pressure between atmospheric pressure and 10 MPa, to enable a processing step basically consisting of a pyrolysis/hydropyrolysis. During the processing step, there is a generation of gases containing approximately 50% CO and CO.sub.2, and approximately another 50% by volume of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbons, and having a calorific energy between 6000 and 8000 kcal/Nm.sup.

Abstract: The present invention is a heating oil composition for use typically in firing large boilers. Kerosene, diesel oil and Bunker 6 oil are blended to form the heating oil, which has a sulfur content of about from 0.3 wt. % to 0.6 wt. % and a heating value of about from 17,000 to 19,000 BTU/pound. The heating oil composition is both economical to manufacture and use, and reduces the emission of undesirable sulfur compounds.

Abstract: By controlling one or more properties of a gasoline fuel suitable for combustion in automobiles, the emissions of NOx, CO and/or hydrocarbons can be reduced. The preferred fuel for reducing all three such emissions has a Reid Vapor Pressure no greater than 7.5 psi (0.51 atm), essentially zero olefins, and a 50% D-86 Distillation Point greater than about 180.degree. F. (82.degree. C.) but less than 205.degree. F. (96.1.degree. C.

Abstract: Azo dyes of the formula ##STR1## where the ring A may be benzofused,n is 0 or 1, and R.sup.1 -R.sup.8 are as defined,as pH-dependent markers for hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons containing the above-mentioned azo dyes, and a method for detecting these azo dyes in hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A diesel engine fuel is produced from Fischer-Tropsch wax by separating a light density fraction, e.g., C.sub.5 -C.sub.15, preferably C.sub.7 -C.sub.14 cut having at least 80+ wt % n-paraffins, no more than 5000 ppm alcohols as oxygen, less than 10 wt % olefins, twice aromatics and very low sulfur and nitrogen.

Abstract: A high aromatic, low sulfur No. 2-D diesel fuel, which, upon combustion, provides emission benefits at least equivalent to a 10 vol. % aromatics, low sulfur diesel fuel contains, in addition to more than 10 vol. % aromatics, at least one of(1) a Cetane number less than 55;(2) a nitrogen content of at least 500 ppmw;(3) a sulfur content of at least 250 ppmw; and(4) a polycyclic aromatics content of at least 5.0 wt. %.

Abstract: Clean distillate useful as a jet fuel or jet blending stock is produced from Fischer-Tropsch wax by separating wax into heavier and lighter fractions; further separating the lighter fraction and hydroisomerizing the heavier fraction and that portion of the light fraction above about 475.degree. F. The isomerized product is blended with the untreated portion of the lighter fraction to produce high quality, clean, jet fuel.

Abstract: A gas oil according to the present invention comprises a gas oil fraction, and has a sulfur content not higher than 0.05 wt %, and either or both of (1) a content of bicyclic and higher aromatic hydrocarbons in a range of from 3.5 wt % to 15 wt %, bicyclic and higher aromatic hydrocarbons having at least one side-chain C.sub.3-11 alkyl group amounting to at least 80 wt % of said first-mentioned bicyclic and higher aromatic hydrocarbons, and (2) a content of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds in a range of from 80 ppm to 500 ppm, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds having at least one side-chain alkyl group accounting for at least 90 wt % of said first-mentioned nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. The gas oil according to the present invention, as a diesel fuel, can impart anti-wearing properties by simply adjusting its components without the need for incorporation of an additive such as an anti-wearing agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of removing metals from a fossil fuel comprising the steps of contacting the fossil fuel with a biocatalyst selected from the group consisting of an enzyme which degrades porphyrin molecules under conditions suitable for the removal of the metals from the fossil fuel; and separating the metals from the fossil fuel. Preferred embodiments of the biocatalyst include heme oxygenase and cytochrome C reductase, such as cytochrome C reductase from Bacillus megaterium, Catharanthus roseuse, Escherichia coli, animal cells, plant cells or yeast cells. The cytochrome C reductase can be contacted with the fossil fuel in an aqueous medium as a substantially cell-free preparation or cell preparation. In one embodiment of the invention, the metals are recovered from the resulting metal containing stream.

Abstract: A fuel for internal combustion engines having an improved cetane index and lower sulfur content is obtained from a hydrocarbon charge, by a process comprising a step (a) for distillation (D1) in which a bottom product (Q1) is obtained via a line 3 and in which a top product (T1) is obtained via a line 2, a step (b) of liquid/liquid extraction (LE) using a solvent (S1) to obtain a raffinate (R1), (line 5) an extract from which product (Q1) is obtained (line 6), a step c) separating (D2) the raffinate (R1) enabling a product (Q2) to be obtained via line 7, which product has a low solvent (S1) content, and a step (d) of hydrotreatment (HDS) in which the mixture of the products (T1) and (Q2) are subjected to hydrotreatment with a hydrogen partial pressure of less than 10 megapascals, to obtain a product (P) (line 9) which has improved qualities and which contains less than 500 ppm by weight sulphur.

Abstract: Markers for petroleum products which can be detected upon addition of a developing reagent which provokes the marker to fluorescence.

Abstract: A semi-synthetic two-stroke engine oil formulation which comprises a base oil consisting of a high-viscosity mineral oil, a medium-viscosity mineral oil, a solvent and a mixture of three polyisobutylenes with different molecular weights, and appropriate detergents and dispersants. This semi-synthetic two-stroke engine has both high lubricity and high detergency, and also meets the requirements of low smoke and low exhaust system blocking.

Abstract: The monoazo compound represented by formula I is excellent in compatibility with, solubility in, and coloring power for, almost all water-immiscible organic liquids, has a low melting point, and is suitable for use to color molten plastics, synthetic fiber spinning solutions, etc., and to color thermal transfer ink. ##STR1## wherein R represents sec-butyl; Cp represents a coupling component residue.The dense solution of at least one kind of said monoazo compound in a hydrocarbon solvent diffuses and dissolves quickly and uniformly in coloring subjects such as petroleum products, and is capable of coloring fuel oil etc. to a desired distinguishable color density with small amounts.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for reducing the smoke emissions from a jet fuel engine by combusting a jet fuel range hydrocarbon in a jet engine wherein prior to combusting the jet fuel in the engine the jet fuel is treated by the following process: (a) contacting the jet fuel with at least one adsorbent in at least one adsorbent bed under suitable process conditions such that the smoke point of the jet fuel is increased and (b) recovering the jet fuel.

Abstract: Solvent-free lubricant compositions having improved lubricity properties comprising a basestock having a kinematic viscosity of about 1.5 to 3.0 cSt at 100.degree. C., about 3 to 15 wt % of bright stock having a kinematic viscosity about 20 to 40 cSt at 100.degree. C., about 3 to 15 wt % of a polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight of about 400 to 1050 and about 3 to 15 wt % of a polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight of about 1150 to 1650. Minor amounts of the lubricant composition may be incorporated into a distillate fuel to provide a lubricant oil-fuel composition for two-cycle engines.

Abstract: A process for the production of a low-sulfur diesel gas oil having a sulfur content of 0.05% by weight or lower and having a Saybolt color number of -10 or higher, from a petroleum distillate having a sulfur content of 0.1 to 2.0% by weight and having an inferior color and inferior oxidation stability comprises contacting the petroleum distillate with hydrogen in the presence of a hydro-treating catalyst which has at least one metal supported on said porous carrier, at a temperature of 350.degree. to 450.degree. C., and a pressure of 45 to 100 kg/cm.sup.2 in the first step to thereby produce materials having a sulfur content of 0.05% by weight or lower, and contacting further the materials issued from the first step with hydrogen in the presence of a hydro-treating catalyst which has at least one metal supported on said porous carrier, at a temperature of 200.degree. to 300.degree. C., and a pressure of 45 to 100 kg/cm.sup.2 in the second step to thereby produce the finished low-sulfur diesel gas oil.

Abstract: This invention is a method for reducing the particulate emissions tendency of diesel fuel. Also the piston ring sticking, and deposit formation tendency of diesel fuel on the injector and combustion chamber of an internal combustion diesel fuel are reduced. The diesel fuel under the method of this invention is fed to at least one adsorbent bed in which the diesel fuel is contacted with one or more adsorbents under suitable process conditions such that there is a reduction in content of impurities in the fuel which cause the particulate emission causing tendency, piston ring sticking, and deposit formation tendency of the diesel fuel on the injector and/or combustion chamber.

Abstract: By controlling one or more properties of a gasoline fuel suitable for combustion in automobiles, the emissions of NOx, CO and/or hydrocarbons can be reduced. The preferred fuel for reducing all three such emissions has a Reid Vapor Pressure no greater than 7.5 psi (0.51 atm), essentially zero olefins, and a 50% D-86 Distillation Point greater than about 180.degree. F. (82.degree. C.) but less than 205.degree. F. (96.1.degree. C.

Abstract: Azo dyes useful for marking mineral oils have the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy,R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl which may be substituted by hydroxyl and interrupted by from 1 to 3 oxygen atoms,R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl which may be substituted by hydroxyl and interrupted by from 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, andX is cyano or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxycarbonyl,with the proviso that the molecule contains at least one hydroxyalkyl radical.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the conversion of waste plastics and scrap rubber to a high quality synthetic crude oil which can be separated by fractionation into gasoline, diesel fuel and gas oils suitable as a feedstock to a catalytic cracker. The process generally includes the steps of heating the plastic scrap and scrap automotive tires in a hydrogen atmosphere at moderate temperatures and pressures. It has also been determined that the polymeric waste material must be present in combination with the scrap automotive tires to attain conversion of the scrap automotive tires to liquid hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for converting municipal waste containing plastics to a high quality synthetic crude oil which can be separated by fractionation into gasoline, diesel fuel and gas oils suitable as a feedstock to a catalytic cracker. The presence of cellulosic and proteinaceous waste materials in the municipal waste does not inhibit the process of the invention for converting the municipal waste into a synthetic crude oil. The process generally includes the steps of heating the municipal waste in a reaction gas, of a mixture of hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen or hydrogen at moderate temperatures and pressures.

Abstract: A process for sterilizing biological waste such as medical waste and a biomass fuel product from sterilized waste are disclosed. The biological waste preferably includes waste capable of sorbing substantial amounts of a liquid fuel having a boiling temperature higher than about 240.degree. F. The waste is shredded and then introduced into a container holding the liquid fuel, which is maintained at atmospheric pressure at a temperature between about 240.degree. F. and the boiling temperature of the liquid fuel. The shredded waste is immersed in the liquid fuel for a time sufficient to effect sterilization of the shredded waste. Thereafter, the sterilized shredded waste is removed from the container, and ground to either make it pumpable or increase its pumpability, and to further destroy the physical shape of the waste as to make it unrecognizable. The ground waste is then pumped to a desired location. The waste with sorbed liquid fuel is atomizable and usable as a fuel for many applications.

Abstract: The cetane numbers of directly distilled diesel fuels are significantly improved by intimately contacting same with an effective amount of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a carboxylic acid, or with an effective amount of a percarboxylic acid either in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The cetane numbers of viscoreduced diesel fuels are significantly improved by intimately contacting same with an effective amount of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a carboxylic acid, or with an effective amount of a percarboxylic acid either in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide; the final product diesel fuels are also effectively deodorized and decolorized.

Abstract: As a flow improver in a crude oil or a liquid hydrocarbon fuel are used polymers containing more than one amide group, the amide being an amide of a secondary amine, and either the amide group or an ester group of the polymer containing a hydrogen- and carbon-containing group of at least 10 carbon atoms, provided that if the polymer is derived from the polymerization of an aliphatic olefin and maleic anhydride, the polymer must have both an amide group and an ester group each of which contains a hydrogen- and carbon-containing group of at least 10 carbon atoms, for example, a diamide of a copolymer of an alkyl fumarate, vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A process is provided wherein premium fuels are manufactured from a high sulfur, low pour point feed and a low sulfur, high pour point feed. The feeds are treated individually (blocked operation) in a catalytic reactor that desulfurizes or dewaxes the feed, depending on temperature, and the effluents are combined. Since cut point limitations due to sulfur or pour point are removed by the process, yield of a fuel (e.g. jet fuel) is materially enhanced.

Abstract: Polysiloxanes of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is the same or different and represents alkyl or phenyl,R.sup.2 is the same as R.sup.1 or represents the C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 O--, in which n is a whole number from 4 to 16, with the proviso that no more than 90% of R.sup.2 has the meaning of R.sup.1,andx=5 to 100 andy=0 to 10.The polysiloxanes are effective defoamers of preparations containing organic solvents or of crude oil and may be synthesized from preferably equilibrated hydrogensiloxanes by reaction with C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 OH.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for converting light hydrocarbons, such as waste organic solvents, to a useful fuel having a high flash point. A mixture of light hydrocarbon and heavy oil, wherein the ratio of light hydrocarbon to heavy oil preferably lies in the range from about 10:1 to about 1:4, is forced at a pressure of preferably at least about 500 psi through a porous substrate having a catalytically effective amount of an active oxide of hexavalent group 6b metal, such as chromium, thereon. The porous substrate may comprise a sintered powder stainless steel material having an average pore size in the range from about 20 to about 2000 microns. The catalyst is prepared by wetting the porous substrate with a solution of a salt of the group 6b metal and heating the wetted substrate until a catalytically active oxide of hexavalent group 6b metal is formed thereon.

Abstract: A process for upgrading diesel oil comprising the steps of:(1) reacting the diesel oil with a nitrogenous treating agent;(2) contacting the diesel oil from step (1) above with(a) a primary solvent selected from the group consisting of organic solvents having a dipole moment of about 1.

Abstract: A novel process is disclosed for the production of high boiling jet fuels which comprises contacting a chargestock with an end boiling point of about 750.degree. F. with ZSM-22 under carefully controlled conditions of temperature and pressure and blending the 330.degree. F. plus fraction with a conventional jet fuel in order to obtain a product having acceptable jet fuel properties and having a high boiling range.

Abstract: A process for enhancement of the cetane number of a diesel fuel which in one embodiment comprises:(1) treating a diesel oil with a nitrogenous treating agent in a nitrogen amount, equivalent on a 100% nitric acid basis, to about 10 weight percent or less of the diesel oil feed;(2) separating unreacted nitrogenous treating agent from the diesel oil of step (1);(3) treating the diesel oil of step (2) with an inorganic alkali to produce a treated diesel oil; and(4) blending the treated diesel oil of step (3) with an untreated diesel oil to produce a blended diesel fuel such that the added nitrogen content in the blended diesel fuel is(a) about 300 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from virgin diesel oil stock; or(b) about 450 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from hydrotreated diesel oil stock.

Abstract: A spindle oil is hydrotreated and then hydrodewaxed in the presence of a catalyst containing at least 70 percent by weight of an intermediate pore molecular sieve in the support so as to produce a selected fraction having a low pour point and viscosity comparable to the original spindle oil, said fraction being then suitable as a "cutter stock" for lowering the pour point of fuel oils.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein comprises a process for the selective upgrading of combustion quality of a distillate transportation fuel by careful selective dehydrogenation, disproportionation and hydrogenation to convert cycloparaffinic materials contained in the distillate transportation fuel to acyclic paraffinic hydrocarbons, wherein said conversion is undertaken by first forming cyclomonoolefinic hydrocarbons from cycloparaffinic hydrocarbons via dehydrogenation, disproportionating the cyclomonoolefinic hydrocarbons to acyclic di-.alpha.-olefin hydrocarbons and then selectively hydrogenating said di-.alpha.-olefin hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen to saturate the double bonds of the di-.alpha.-olefin to form acyclic paraffinic hydrocarbons. The selective disproportionation reaction includes the addition of ethylene or an ethylene acting material to ring open the cyclomonoolefinic material.

Abstract: A first aspect of the invention is concerned with fuels and particularly jet and diesel fuels which comprise blends of substituted mono cyclohexane material and two ring non-fused cyloalkane material. The first material may be n-propylcyclohexane or n-butylcyclohexane. The second material may be nuclear substituted bicyclohexyl and may include cyclohexylbenzene. A second aspect of the invention concerns producing constituents for the fuel from heavy aromatic materials by breaking down the heavy aromatics to naphthas, separating light napthas and other constituents of the fuel before reforming a heavy naptha fraction to provide a BTX fraction which may be treated by hydroalkylation or pyrolysis to provide two ring non-fused cycloalkanes. The product may be enriched by hydrogenation.

Abstract: A process for enhancement of the cetane number of a diesel fuel which in one embodiment comprises:(1) treating a diesel oil with a nitrogenous treating agent in a nitrogen amount, equivalent on a 100% nitric acid basis, to about 10 weight percent or less of the diesel oil feed;(2) removing unreacted nitrogenous treating agent from the diesel oil of step (1) to produce a treated diesel oil, and;(3) blending the treated diesel oil of step (2) with an untreated diesel oil to produce a blended diesel fuel such that the added nitrogen content in the blended diesel fuel is(a) about 300 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from virgin diesel oil stock; or(b) about 450 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from hydrotreated diesel oil stock.

Abstract: Disclosed are selected N,1-disubstituted hydrazinecarboxamides having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, aromatic containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, and cycloalkyl containing from about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms, and wherein R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms and hydroxyalkyl containing from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms. These compounds have utility as antioxidants for a variety of organic compounds subject to oxidative degradation, including functional fluids such as petroleum fuels and lubricants. Selected hydrazinecarboxamides having the aforesaid formula are also novel compounds.

Abstract: A process for converting synthol light oil product of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to heavy distillate comprising the steps ofcontacting the light oil at elevated temperature and pressure with acid zeolite conversion catalyst to oligomerize olefins and convert oxygenated hydrocarbons contained in the light oil thereby providing an effluent containing light heavy distillate range hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon vapor and byproduct water;flashing and separating the effluent to recover a heavy distillate-rich liquid phase and a light hydrocarbon-rich vapor phase containing byproduct water;condensing the vapor phase to provide a liquid hydrocarbon recycle stream;removing byproduct water from the recycle stream;combining the light oil with the pressurized recycle stream as heat sink to prevent excessive reaction temperature during catalytic conversion.

Abstract: A process for the production of jet fuels, diesel fuels, multi-purpose fuels meeting the specifications for both high grade jet fuels and diesel fuels, and high quality blending components useful for the production of such fuels; and the compositions produced thereby. In accordance with the process, a multi-reactor system, inclusive of a first reactor and a second reactor are connected through a first distillation column which separates the product of the first reactor into two or more fractions to provide a heavy feed fraction which is charged to the second reactor, wherein the heavy feed is hydroselectively cracked. The product from the second reactor is fractionated to produce high quality jet and diesel fuels, multi-purpose jet and diesel fuels, or provide a major blending component for the production of such fuels, or fuel components.

Abstract: A process for eliminating and removing impurities including sulfur compounds and microorganisms as well as preventing further microbial contamination is accomplished by treating petroleum products or other hydrocarbon fluids with an aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide or ozone together with a metallic ion catalyst, such as a mixture of ferric chloride and cupric chloride, where the metal ion is capable of forming activated oxygen complexes in the presence of such oxidizing agent, or by treatment with an aqueous solution of metallic ion catalyst and activated oxygen complexes formed from permanganate, peroxyborate or chromate ions.

Abstract: A portion of crude shale oil produced from an in situ oil shale retort is blended with shale oil produced from a Tosco II retorting process to produce a blended shale oil composition having a pour point lower than the pour point of the shale oil produced from the Tosco II retorting process.

Abstract: A metal- and/or sulfur contaminated charge stock containing residua is hydrotreated in a first reaction zone in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst comprising a hydrogenating component selected from the Group VIB and Group VIII metals, preferably a combination of nickel and molybdenum, on a refractory support, preferably alumina or silica-alumina, to reduce the metal and/or sulfur content thereof, the demetalated and/or desulfurized residua is hydrocracked in a second reaction zone in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst comprising a nickel and tungsten impregnated rare earth exchanged zeolite X in combination with a nickel and tungsten impregnated silica-alumina matrix to provide distillate of higher cetane index than that achieved with hydrotreatment alone, and the liquid effluent from said second reaction zone is thereafter passed to a third reaction zone containing a hydrotreating catalyst which is the same as, or is different from, the hydrotreating catalyst in the first reaction zone to effect