Abstract: A high energy, high density synthetic liquid hydrocarbon fuel, RJ-6, is pared by blending 60 weight percent perhydrodinorbornadiene, a synthetic fuel known as RJ-5, and 40 weight percent exo-tetrahydrocyclopentadiene, a synthetic fuel known as JP-10. This fuel is particularly suitable for use in air launched ramjet engine applications such as aircraft missile systems. This new fuel substantially meets the desirable viscosity, energy content, and flash point of the previously employed synthetic fuel blend while exhibiting superior storage characteristics in elastomeric fuel systems used in missile applications.

Abstract: A catalyst effective in hydrotreating and hydrocracking sulfur- and nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon feeds at low pressure. The catalyst is prepared by incorporating a platinum group metal such as palladium in ZSM-20 or in dealuminized zeolite Y. Unlike most palladium catalyst, this catalyst is not poisoned by nitrogen and sulfur in the feed.

Abstract: Fuel oil containing sodium salt, potassium salt and solid matters is purified by separating the fuel oil into fuel oil and sludges by a centrifugal separating means, thereby removing the sludges from the fuel oil, and mixing the fuel oil freed from the sludges with water, and separating the resulting liquid mixture into fuel oil and water. Removal of the salts and the solid matters from the fuel oil can be attained at the same time very effectively with a reduced frequency of cleaning a filter or by omitting the use of the filter, with or without using an emulsion breaker.

Abstract: A process is provided wherein waste hydrocarbon oils are blended with resids and visbroken resids thereby eliminating the use of more valuable cutting stock.

Abstract: Liquid petroleum hydrocarbon blends having improved thermal stability at temperatures of 1000.degree. F. and higher are prepared by removing from the blends dissolved molecular oxygen and maintaining low levels of certain trace impurities in the blends. Trace impurity compounds that are maintained at low levels include: sulfur compounds classed as thiols, sulfides, disulfides and polysulfides; organic oxygen compounds classed as hydroperoxides, peroxides, paraffinic carboxylic acids, and phenols; nitrogen compounds classed as amides and alkyl-pyridines; and reactive olefins. Additional improvements in the blends can be obtained by providing them with a dibenzothiophene or a nitrogen compound classed as a paraffinic amine, carbazole or piperidine. The treated blends of this invention have substantially the same physical properties as similar blends that have not been so treated.

Abstract: Compatibility of solvent refined coal and other coal liquids with conventional petroleum fuels is improved by moderate catalytic hydrogenation of the solvent refined coal liquid to a hydrogen to carbon atomic ratio less than that of corresponding petroleum fractions. As degree of hydrogenation of solvent refined coal is increased, compatibility with petroleum fractions of like boiling range increases to a maximum measured by precipitation of sediment from the blend of equal parts of the two fuels. That maximum is achieved at a hydrogen/carbon ratio below that of the corresponding petroleum fractions. As that ratio is increased toward the ratio characteristic of a like petroleum fraction, compatibility is impaired.

Abstract: Hydropyrolysis of coal can be done as a two stage process, offering good yields of benzene. The first stage is carbonization of coal in the presence of hydrogen or reactive gas at elevated pressure. The volatile products, without cooling or condensing, are then subjected to cracking at a temperature above the carbonization temperature, in the absence of catalyst, in the presence of hydrogen or reactive gas. The char remaining is reactive and can be gasified. The process is e asier to control and offers many advantages compared to prior proposed single stage hydropyrolysis.

Abstract: An ashless liquid fuel of good quality is produced by mixing powdery coal with a pitch having a C/H ratio of from 0.90 to 1.20 in an amount of at least 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the powdery coal, subjecting the mixture to a heat treatment conducted at from 400.degree. to 450.degree. C. and thereafter, removing a solid coagulated material formed in the treated product. The pitch having an atomic ratio C/H in the range from 0.90 to 1.20 is obtained by the heat treatment of a residual oil in the distillation of crude oils.

Abstract: Enhanced compatibility of coal liquids with petroleum based fuels is achieved by removing or modifying the 950.degree. F. plus asphaltene-containing fraction of the coal liquid. The separation or modification can be achieved by distillation, deasphalting, hydroprocessing, and the like.

Abstract: The process for selective hydrocracking of hydrocarbon fractions consists in that hydrocarbon fractions are contacted with hydrogen at a respective molar ratio of 1:2.5-20, a temperature of 280.degree. - 520.degree. C., and a pressure of 15 - 100 kgf/cm.sup.2 on a zeolite catalyst with a pore size of 4.6 to 6.0 A and containing 0.1 to 5 wt.% of metal of Group VIII of the periodic system, and a tervalent chromium cation with a minimum exchange capacity equal to 30 percent.The herein-proposed process for selective hydrocracking of hydrocarbon fractions is capable of upgrading petroleum products accompanied by producing a synthetic substitute of natural gas.

Abstract: Heavy mineral oil fractions are selectively hydrocracked to produce mainly middle distillate oils boiling in the 300.degree.-700.degree. F range. Certain novel, highly active and selective catalysts are utilized comprising molybdenum and/or tungsten plus nickel and/or cobalt supported upon certain heterogeneous composites of a silica-alumina cogel or copolymer dispersed in a matrix consisting essentially of alumina gel.

Abstract: A process for extracting coal is provided which includes contracting coal with an admixture of water, an organic solvent, and carbon tetrachloride, and separating the organic solvent containing the coal extract. The coal extract is useful as a gasoline additive.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon fuel oil composition comprising a blend of untreated low pour-point distillate oil and a higher pour-point catalytically hydrodewaxed distillate oil. The blend has an unexpectedly low pour point and cloud point. Dewaxing is effected with a ZSM-5 type catalyst.

Abstract: Methylenebis(dicyclopentyl phenols) in which at least one cyclopentyl group is ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group are effective antioxidants in a broad range of organic materials including mineral and synthetic lubricating oil and polyolefins.

Abstract: Novel disazo colorants or dyes for marking organic liquids, the colorants having the general formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is H, CF.sub.3, or alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sub.2 is H, or alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each H, OCH.sub.3, OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 or CH.sub.3, andR.sub.5, r.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are each H, or alkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, at least one of said R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 being alkyl.The novel compound of the general formula ##STR2## where R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are as described above is provided and is useful as an intermediate in the preparation of said disazo colorants. Methods for the preparation of the colorants are disclosed together with qualitative and quantitative procedures for detecting these colorants in the marked liquids.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reaction product and method for making same for use in suppressing the ability of solubilized copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium and manganese present in hydrocarbon liquids, such as gasoline and fuel oil, to catalyze oxidative degradation. The reaction product is obtained by reacting a 1,2-alkane diamine, a 2,4-dione and an ortho hydroxy aromatic aldehyde, in stoichiometric proportions, preferably in an inert liquid medium. A preferred reaction product is that obtained by reacting ethylenediamine, 2,4-pentanedione and salicylaldehyde in a 1 to 1 to 1 mole ratio.

Abstract: A low smoke point (e.g., 29) jet fuel can be used to produce a higher smoke point fuel (e.g., 40+) by blending with an additional more highly paraffinic fuel (e.g., high in C.sub.10 -C.sub.12 normal paraffins) boiling mainly within the fuel oil boiling range (e.g., 10% point of at least 270.degree.F and 90% point less than 540.degree.F). A preferred group of paraffinic fuels comprises n-decane, n-dodecane and mixtures thereof. Hydrogenated butylene and/or propylene polymers (e.g., trimer, tetramer), preferably hydrogenated propylene "tetramer" boiling mainly above 350.degree.F (e.g., 10% point of 360.degree.F), can also be used as additional components. The preferred 29+ smoke point fuel for blending with n-dodecane is obtained by a two stage hydrogenation of a paraffinic straight run kerosene having an API gravity of at least 42, and containing 12 to 16 weight percent aromatics and at least 45 weight percent paraffins. The blended fuel also can have a desirably low freeze point.

Abstract: A petroleum-derived solvent having a distillation range of from about 316.degree.F. to 360.degree.F. is added to hydrocarbon fuels, such as gasoline, diesel oil or heating oils, in a ratio of from about 1 part additive to 6-15 parts fuel. The additive, when added to No. 2 diesel fuel and the fuel burned in conventional, non-pressurized orchard heaters, gives reduced particulate emissions and a higher BTU per pound value of fuel burned.