Abstract: A composition of matter is prepared by a process comprising the steps of impregnating a alumina-containing support material with a thiosulfate (preferably ammonium thiosulfate), drying the thus impregnated material, impregnating the dried material with a transition metal compound, drying and calcining the transition metal impregnated material. This composition of matter is used as catalyst composition for hydrogenating unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, and as catalyst composition for hydrotreating of hydrocarbon-containing feed streams (in particular heavy oils) which contain metal and sulfur compounds as impurities.

Abstract: A process for treating heavy crude oil feedstocks to reduce the asphaltenes, metals and sulfur content thereof while maintaining a high conversion thereof comprising: subjecting the feedstock to an asphaltene separation stage and thereafter subjecting the deasphaltene crude to a first hydrotreatment stage employing a first macroporous catalyst so as to produce an intermediate partially demetallized and desulfurized product and thereafter treating said intermediate product in a second hydrotreatment stage using a microporous catalyst wherein the microporous catalyst exhibits extended life period.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved hydroconversion process for the hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks containing asphaltenes, metals, and sulfur compounds which process minimizes the production of carbonaceous insoluble solids and catalyst attrition rates. The process is characterized by the use of a catalyst which has about 0.1 to about 0.3 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters greater than 1,200.ANG. and no more than 0.1 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters greater than 4,000.ANG..

Abstract: We disclose a catalyst system which is capable of removing sodium from a hydrocarbon feed having at least 1 ppm oil-soluble sodium. It comprises a catalyst layer characterized as a fixed bed of catalyst particles having a low volume percent of their pore volume percent in the form of macropores above 1000 .ANG. in diameter, high surface area, and high hydrogenation activity. We also disclose a process of using the system.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing catalyst contains nickel, phosphorus and about 19 to about 21.5 weight percent of molybdenum (MoO.sub.3) components on a porous refractory oxide. The catalyst has a narrow pore size distribution wherein at least 75 percent of the pore volume is in pores of diameter from about 50 to about 110 angstroms, at least 10 percent of the pore volume in pores of diameter less than 70 angstroms and at least 60 percent of the pore volume in pores of diameter within about 20 angstroms above or below the average pore diameter. The catalyst is employed to hydroprocess a hydrocarbon oil, especially those oils containing sulfur and nitrogen components.

Abstract: A hydrogen treating catalyst comprising alumina, 3 to 7% by weight of nickel calculating as NiO and 10 to 20% by weight of molybdenum calculating as MoO.sub.3, which has a total pore volume of 0.55 to 1.0 ml/g, an average pore diameter of 50 to 250 .ANG., and factor P of 3 to 4, wherein the volume of pores having a diameter of larger than the average pore diameter+10 .ANG. and smaller than the average pore diameter+500 .ANG. is 10 to 30% of the total pore volume in catalyst pore distribution, wherein the factor P is represented by the following formula:P=PD/Swherein PD represents an average pore diameter measured by a mercury porosimeter which is the pore diameter (.ANG.) corresponding to the pressure at which 1/2 of the total pore volume is saturated with mercury, and S represents a proportion (%) of volume of pores in a range of PD.+-.5 .ANG..

Abstract: In the catalytic processing of hydrocarbons, a hydrocarbon oil is successively contacted with a particulate catalyst in a first reaction zone and contacted at a higher temperature with a second portion of the particulate catalyst in the same reaction zone or in a second reaction zone.

Abstract: A process for simultaneously hydrotreating and dewaxing petroleum fractions is described. The process utilizes a single catalyst system which includes a hydrotreating component impregnated on a controlled pore size base and at least two catalyst components selected from any of an intermediate pore zeolite, a large pore zeolite or Zeolite Beta, and a large pore non-zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: Mild hydrocracking is accomplished with a catalyst containing one or more hydrogenation metals supported on an amorphous porous refractory oxide having a narrow pore size distribution and a small mode pore diameter.

Abstract: A process for removing metals from a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream comprises hydrotreatment in the presence of a solid catalyst composition comprising aluminum phosphate, zirconium phosphate and copper phosphate (preferably coprecipitated).

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-containing feed streams, which contain at least about 5 ppmw nickel and at least about 10 ppmw vanadium, are hydrodemetallized either (I) in the presence of a catalyst composition consisting essentially of (a) a support material (preferably alumina), and (b) at least one lanthanide metal compound (preferably CeO.sub.2 and/or Ce.sub.2 O.sub.3); or (II) in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising (a) a support material (preferably alumina), (b) at least one lanthanide metal compound (preferably La.sub.2 O.sub.3) and (c) at least one manganese compound (preferably at least one manganese oxide).

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved ebullated bed process for the hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks containing asphaltenes, metals, and sulfur compounds. The disclosed process is characterized by the use of a catalyst comprising a relatively small amount of cobalt, i.e., 0.4 to 0.8 wt. % incorporated with a high macropore volume Group VIB metal containing catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved multi-stage process for the hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks containing asphaltenes, metals and sulfur compounds. The process is characterized by the use of a relatively inexpensive demetallation catalyst in a first reaction zone comprising a Group VIB and/or a Group VIII metal deposed on a high macropore volume inorganic support followed by the use of a desulfurization catalyst in a second reaction zone comprising a Group VIB and a Group VIII metal on a high macropore volume inorganic oxide support.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for catalytic treatment of heavy hydrocarbons, in a fixed or moving bed, over a catalyst containing an alumina carrier and at least one catalytic metal or compound of metal from groups VB, VI B and VIII of the periodic classification of elements, characterized by the direct injection into the charge, continuously or periodically, of at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of halides, oxyhalides, oxides, polyacids and polyacid salts of metals from groups VI B, VII B and VIII, before introducing the charge into the hydrotreatment zone.

Abstract: Catalysts for hydroconversion of heavy oils, particularly those containing Ramsbottom carbon precursors, comprise nickel or cobalt and molybdenum on porous alumina containing 1-3% silica. The catalysts have total pore volume of 0.5 to 1.5 ml/gm with at least 70% of the pore volume in pores of 40-60.ANG. pore radius and with only about 10-35% of the nickel or cobalt in acid extractable form.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks which are characterized by high molecular weight, low reactivity and high metal contents comprising feeding the feedstock to a hydrodemetallization zone where the feedstock is contacted with hydrogen and a catalyst capable of demetallizing organometallic complexes of high molecular weight and cracking resistance, thereafter removing the effluent from the demetallization zone and feeding same to the thermal cracking zone where the effluent is contacted with hydrogen and thereafter feeding the product from the cracking zone to a hydrocarbon conversion zone where the product is contacted with hydrogen and a catalyst capable of cracking molecules of high cracking resistance.

Abstract: A method for the two-step catalytic hydrogenation treatment of a heavy hydrocarbon oil which comprisesfirst contacting the heavy hydrocarbon oil with a first solid catalyst comprising a metal component having catalytic activity for hydrogenation supported on a zeolite having catalytic activity for cracking a hydrocarbon, said zeolite having a (i) pore size distribution curve with two peaks, one peak in the range of 5 to 50 nm pore diameter and the other peak in the range of 50 to 1000 nm pore diameter and (ii) the volume of the pores having a diameter of 100 nm or larger is at least 0.05 ml/g; andthen contacting the heavy hydrocarbon oil which had been contacted with said first catalyst, with a second catalyst, said second catalyst having hydrogenation activity and which is different from said first catalyst.

Abstract: There are disclosed a catalyst and a process for the hydrodenitrogenation of a hydrocarbon stream containing a substantial amount of nitrogen compounds, such as whole shale oil.The catalyst comprises a hydrogenation component comprising chromium, molybdenum, and at least one Group VIII metal deposed upon a porous alumina-silica support, the silica of said support being present in an amount within the range of about 10 wt % to about 50 wt %, based upon the weight of said support.The process comprises contacting the hydrocarbon stream under hydrodenitrogenation conditions and in the presence of hydrogen with the aforesaid catalyst.

Abstract: A two-stage process for hydrotreating asphaltenes and metallic contaminants-containing heavy hydrocarbon oils which comprises a demetallization step using a catalyst composition which is smaller in pore size and less in active metal amount than the conventional demetallization catalysts, and a hydrotreating step using a catalyst composition which is larger in pore size and more in active metal amount than the conventional hydrodesulfurization catalysts or hydrocracking catalysts, said hydrotreating step being located downstream of said demetallization step.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstocks using shaped catalysts is disclosed. When the catalyst is used for diffusion limited reactions, and particularly when it is used for demetalation, shaped catalysts give longer catalyst lifetimes. Preferred shaped include oval and elliptical shapes, with and without bumps.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in the mild hydrocracking (MHC) of heavy vacuum gas oils to produce middle distillates and a method for the preparation of the catalyst and a process for treating the heavy vacuum gas oils with the catalyst. The catalyst comprises molybdenum, nickel and phosphorus supported on gamma alumina. The catalyst of the invention possesses a P/Mo+Ni ratio between 0.7 and 1.1, which endows it with a high capacity for hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydroconversion of the fraction which can be distilled at 370.degree. C.+ to middle distillates, when the catalyst is used under MHC conditions, that is, T=variable, P=750 psig, LHSV=0.70 m.sup.3 /m.sup.3 h and the ratio H.sub.2 /VGO=300 Nm.sup.3 /m.sup.3. The new catalyst can operate for more than 26 months, maintaining a consistent conversion of 20% and achieving the sulfur and nitrogen requirements in the product obtained.

Abstract: A method for hydrotreating residual oil which comprises utilizing a hydrotreating catalyst which contains a thermally stable composition comprising a layered metal oxide containing an interspathic polymeric oxide having a d-spacing of at least about 10 angstroms at hydrotreating conditions. Said conditions include temperature ranging from about 357.degree. C. to 454.degree. C. (675.degree. F. to 850.degree. F.), a hydrogen partial pressure of at least about 2860 kPa (400 psig) and a liquid hourly space velocity ranging between about 0.1 and 10 hr.sup.-1.

Abstract: A process for upgrading feedstocks containing not less than about 200 ppm metals, an API gravity of less than about 20.degree., a Conradson Carbon of more than about 8%, by hydroconversion with hydrogen in the presence of a naturally occurring inorganic material as a catalyst. The invention further provides, inter alia, subsequently fractionating the hydroconverted product and solvent deasphalting the distillation bottoms and optionally hydrodesulfurizing atmospheric distillates and the mix of vacuum gas oils and deasphalted oils separately. When a heavy crude of 12.degree. API, 10% Conradson Carbon, 3.2% sulfur and 350 ppm metals is fed to this process, more than 90% (v/v) of a synthetic crude of 25.degree.API, 0.17% sulfur and only 13.8% (v/v) 950.degree. F.+ fraction may be obtained.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrotreatment of heavy crudes and their residues, and a method of preparing same, is disclosed, which has significant simultaneous hydrodemetallizing and hydrodesulfurizing activity. The catalyst is prepared by successively impregnating an extruded refractory support with a Group VIb and a Group VIII metal, calcining the pellet thus produced, and presulfurizing same. Pore volume of the catalyst ranges between 0.50 and 1.2 ml/g, total surface area ranges between 120 and 400 m.sup.2 /g, at least 60% of said pore volume consists of pores having diameters greater than 100 .ANG., and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy signal band strength ratios are as follows: I(Me VIb)/I(refractory metal) is between 5 and 8, and I(Me VIII)/I(refractory metal) is between 1 and 5.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock employing an alumina-based catalyst at least a portion of which is in the alpha phase. The catalyst has at least 25% of its pore volume in pores from 300-1,000 .ANG. in diameter, has no more than 10% macropores, and has a surface area of less that 100 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: Residual oils containing metals and sulfur are demetallized and desulfurized by adding to the oil an aromatic solvent and contacting the mixtures in the presence of hydrogen with an alumina having an average pore size greater than about 220 Angstroms.

Abstract: A catalyst support comprises a porous gel of an inorganic substance, for example a refractory inorganic oxide, and has a surface area in the range 125 to 150 m.sup.2 /g, a mean pore diameter in the range 140 to 190 .ANG. with at least 80% of the pore volume contained in pores having a pore size range of 50 to 90 .ANG.. The invention also relates to catalysts based on such supports and to hydrocarbon conversion processes, for example reforming, carried out in the presence of hydrogen and employing said catalysts.

Abstract: Hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon oils is carried out utilizing a catalyst containing nickel and tungsten active metal components on a porous support material and having a narrow pore size distribution, with essentially all pores being of diameter greater than about 100 angstroms, with less than about 10 percent of the total pore volume being in pores of diameter greater than 300 angstroms, and with at least about 60 percent of the total pore volume being in pores of diameter from about 180 to about 240 angstroms. The catalyst is useful for promoting the conversion of asphaltenes contained in hydrocarbon oils, especially in the second reaction zone of a multiple-stage hydrodesulfurization process wherein demetallization catalysts are employed in upstream reaction zones.

Abstract: Hydrotreating with a catalyst comprising molybdenum, nickel, and phosphorus active components supported on gamma alumina is prepared with gamma alumina support particles which have been contacted with aqueous ammonia.

Abstract: A single catalyst system capable of demetalizing, hydrotreating and hydrodewaxing petroleum residue in a single stage process is described. The catalyst system utilized includes one or more metal oxides or sulfides of Group VIA and Group VIII of the periodic Table impregnated on a base of refractory oxide material and Zeolite Beta. The catalyst also has about 75% of its pore volume in pores no greater than 100 Angstrom units in diameter and about 20% of its pore volume in pore greater than about 300 Angstrom units in diameter.

Abstract: At least one decomposable compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc and the metals of Group III-B, Group IV-B, Group VB, Group VIB, Group VIIB and Group VIII of the Periodic Table is mixed with a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream. The hydrocarbon-containing feed stream containing such decomposable compound is then contacted with a suitable refractory inorganic material to reduce the concentration of metals, sulfur and Ramsbottom carbon residue contained in the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream. The suitable refractory inorganic material may also be slurried with the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating hydrocarbons uses a catalyst which comprises a carrier and at least one catalytic metal selected from vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, cobalt and/or iron; this catalyst is in the form of a plurality of juxtaposed agglomerates of acicular platelets, oriented radially to each other. It is prepared from agglomerates of activated alumina subjected to reaction with an acid and a compound providing an anion able to combine with aluminum ions in solution.

Abstract: Hydrotreating catalysts comprise a hydrogenating component and a support comprising at least one porous refractory inorganic oxide, said catalyst having BET surface area of 150 to about 190 m.sup.2 /g, nitrogen desorption pore volume of 0.8 to about 1.2 cc/g in micropores with radii up to 600 .ANG., with at least 0.7 cc/g of such micropore volume in pores having radii ranging from 50 to 600 .ANG., mercury penetration pore volume of 0.1 to about 0.5 cc/g in macropores with radii of 600 to 25,000 .ANG. and bulk density of about 0.3 to about 0.5 g/cc. Hydrotreating process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feed susceptible to upgrading with hydrogen in the presence of the aforesaid catalysts under hydrotreating conditions. The catalyt and process are particularly useful in hydrotreating feeds comprising high metals or high metals and sulfur content materials.

Abstract: Residual oils containing metals and sulfur are demetalized and desulfurized by adding to the oil an aromatic solvent and contacting the mixture in the presence of hydrogen with an alumina having dual pore size distribution in ranges of 90-200 Angstrom units and 1000-5000 Angstrom units.

Abstract: Hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon oils is carried out utilizing a catalyst containing active metal components on a porous refractory oxide and having a narrow pore size distribution, with essentially all pores being of diameter greater than about 100 angstroms, with less than about 10 percent of the total pore volume being in pores of diameter greater than 300 angstroms, and with at least about 60 percent of the total pore volume being in pores of diameter from about 180 to about 240 angstroms. The catalyst is particularly useful for removing of contaminant metals from residuum hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: A hydrotreating catalyst comprising molybdenum, nickel, and phosphorus active components supported on gamma alumina is prepared with gamma alumina support particles which have been contacted with aqueous ammonia and is employed in the hydrotreating process to reduce the sulfer and nitrogen content of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon oils are converted into light hydrocarbon oils by two-stage process wherein, in the first stage, a heavy hydrocarbon oil is subjected to thermal cracking conditions and, in the second stage, the product of the thermal cracking is subjected to a hydrotreatment in the presence of a specific catalyst including, as a carrier, a clay mineral consisting mainly of magnesium silicate having a double-chain structure such as sepiolite.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon oils are converted into light hydrocarbon oils by two-stage process wherein, in the first stage, a heavy hydrocarbon oil is subjected to thermal cracking conditions and, in the second stage, the product of the thermal cracking is subjected to a hydrotreatment in the presence of a specific catalyst having a large pore volume in pores with diameters of 200-400 .ANG.. The hydrotreatment is carried out so that the product oil may have a toluene insoluble content of 0.5 wt % or less.

Abstract: A method for recovering upgraded liquid products by the hydroconversion of coal, coke, lignite, petroleum fractions, biomass, tar sands bitumen and shale oil are disclosed. In particular, the catalyst composition employed consists of a Group VIB metal component and a highly dispersed tin component.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrotreatment of heavy crudes and residues and a method for the preparation thereof are claimed, specifying an amount of Group VIb metallic hydrogenation compound irreversibly absorbed by the silica or alumina extruded support structure surface to be between 0.5 and 3% of the dried and calcined catalyst by weight. The percentage limit on the hydrogenation compound can be achieved by either obtaining a dense alumina support structure having a novel pore diameter distribution, or treating a prior art support with an absorption site restricter such as MgO prior to hydrogenation compound impregnation. Subsequent fabrication steps comprise washing, drying, calcining and presulfurizing. The resultant catalyst has a monolayer of hydrogenating compound deposited on the reaction surface, and interfering compounds such as massive MoO.sub.3, Al(MoO.sub.4).sub.3 or polymolybdates are not formed.

Abstract: A process for conversion of an asphaltenes-containing heavy oil or heavy oil fraction to lighter fractions comprises 3 steps of: catalytic hydrodemetallation, hydrovisbreaking and catalytic hydrodesulfuration.

Abstract: An asphaltene-containing heavy oil or heavy oil fraction is converted to lighter fractions in a process comprising three steps: a hydrovisbreaking, a catalytic hydrodemetallation and catalytic hydrodesulfuration.

Abstract: A single stage catalyst system and process for using same in a single stage operation for hydrodewaxing and hydrotreating petroleum residua is disclosed. The catalyst comprises a ZSM-5 type zeolite in an alumina binder having specified metals content and pore diameter of less than 150 Angstroms.

Abstract: The catalytic demetalation and desulfurization of a residual oil is substantially improved by subjecting the residual oil to hydrodewaxing prior to the demetalation and desulfurization comprising prior to contacting the residual oil with demetalation and desulfurization catalysts, contacting the residual oil, under hydrodewaxing operating conditions effective to significantly reduce the pour point of the residual oil and to cause substantially little demetalization of the residual oil, with a catalyst comprising about 1 to about 10 weight percent of a Group VIB metal, the metals based on the total catalyst, and being present as the oxides or sulfides on a support comprising a composite of alumina and about 5 to about 25 weight percent of a ZSM-5 crystalline zeolite based on the total composite, the catalyst having at least 60 percent of its pore volume in the 50 to 200 Angstroms diameter range or at least 50% of the pore volume in the 30 to 100 Angstroms diameter range.

Abstract: A catalytic multi-stage hydrocarbon conversion process is provided for reducing high metals content, sulfur content and pour point of the catalytically reacted residual oil by the use of sequential combination of catalytic compositions. In the first stage, the residual oil, under demetalation and desulfurization reaction conditions, is passed over a catalyst comprising about 1 to about 10 weight percent of a Group VIB metal, based on the total catalyst weight, on a supporting comprising at least 85 weight percent alumina. The resulting catalyst contains at least 65 percent of its pore volume in the 150 to 300 Angstroms diameter range or at least 60 percent of its pore volume in the 100 to 200 Angstroms diameter range.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion catalysts contain at least one Group VIB metal component, at least one Group VIII metal component, and a phosphorus component on a porous refractory oxide and have a narrow pore size distribution including at least about 75 percent of the total pore volume in pores of diameter from about 70 to about 130 angstroms. The catalyst is useful for promoting a number of hydrocarbon conversion reactions, particularly those involving hydrogenative desulfurization.

Abstract: A spherical catalyst for hydroprocessing hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks. The catalyst consists of an inner region having less than 5% of its port volume contributed by macropores and having between 5 and 30 weight percent total catalytic metals, and an outer region characterized by having more than 10% of its pore volume contributed by macropores and having between 1 and 15 weight percent catalytic metals. A method of preparation of the catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: Shaped catalysts useful for hydroprocessing hydrocarbon feedstocks. The catalysts are shaped as oval extrudates and having at least one ridge. The particles can be circumscribed by rectangles having two dimensions, a first dimension between 0.085 inch and 0.125 inch and a second dimension between 0.065 inch and 0.10 inch.

Abstract: A catalyst for denitrogenating and desulfurizing liquified or solvent refined coals and lignite which includes catalytic metal oxides and/or sulfides impregnated within a porous base of principally alumina with large surface area and pore volume and pores of sufficient diameter throughout to accomodate the liquified coal or lignite molecules. The base material includes surface area of 150-500 m.sup.2 /gm, pore volume of 0.4-1.0 ml/gm, average pore diameter of 40-250 .ANG. with no part of the pore less than 40 .ANG.. The catalytic metals impregnated into these base materials include 4-20% MoO.sub.3, 1-8% CoO, 2-16% WO.sub.3 and/or 1-4% NiO.

Abstract: Hydrotreating catalysts are made on supports having a core of alumina having predominantly micropore structure, surrounded by a rind of different alumina having at least 25% of total pore volume in macropores. The catalyst support material is impregnated with catalytic metals, e.g. molybdenum with cobalt or nickel or both. The rind captures metals removed from the oils being treated to prevent deactivation of the core by such metals.