Abstract: Hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon oils is carried out utilizing a catalyst containing active metal components on a porous refractory oxide and having a narrow pore size distribution, with essentially all pores being of diameter greater than about 100 angstroms, with less than about 10 percent of the total pore volume being in pores of diameter greater than 300 angstroms, and with at least about 60 percent of the total pore volume being in pores of diameter from about 180 to about 240 angstroms. The catalyst is particularly useful for removing of contaminant metals from residuum hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: Metals contained in a hydrocarbon containing feed stream are removed by contacting the hydrocarbon containing feed stream under suitable demetallization conditions with hydrogen and a catalyst composition comprising zirconium phosphate and copper phosphate. The life and activity of the catalyst composition may be increased by introducing a decomposable metal compound selected from the group consisting of the metals of Group V-B, Group VI-B, Group VII-B and Group VIII of the Periodic Table into the hydrocarbon containing feed stream prior to contacting the hydrocarbon containing feed stream with the catalyst composition.

Abstract: Hydrotreating catalysts comprise a hydrogenating component and a support comprising at least one porous refractory inorganic oxide, said catalyst having BET surface area of 150 to about 190 m.sup.2 /g, bulk density of at least about 0.2 g/cc, total pore volume of at least about 0.9 cc/g with mercury penetration pore volume of at least about 0.1 cc/g in macropores with radii of 600 to 25,000 .ANG., such surface area, pore size distribution and total pore volume being effective to give an average pore diameter of at leat 230 .ANG. calculated as 4V/A. Hydrotreating process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feed with hydrogen in the presence of the aforesaid catalyst under hydrotreating conditions. The catalyst and process are particularly useful in hydrotreating feeds comprising high metals or high metals and sulfur content materials.

Abstract: A demetalation and desulfurization catalyst for metal and sulfur containing petroleum oils, e.g., residua containing hydrocarbon components, comprising a hydrogenating component composited on a refractory base, e.g., alumina, having a substantially higher pore volume and more pore volume distributed within the 0-100 .ANG. diameter range than such previously known catalysts and method of using same; said catalyst possesses superior aging characteristics.

Abstract: A process is described for hydrotreating residual oil fractions in an improved dual bed catalyst system comprising a first large-pore catalyst and a second small-pore catalyst in which at least the second catalyst and preferably both catalysts have a quadrulobal shape. Using cobalt and molybdenum composited on alumina as these catalysts, residua are demetalized, desulfurized, and reduced in carbon residue, whereby hitherto unusable residue can be hydroprocessed.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon oil containing asphaltenes comprises a porous carrier composed of one or more inorganic oxides of at least one element selected from among those of Groups II, III and IV of the Periodic Table, and at least one catalytic metal component composited with the carrier. The metal of the catalytic metal component is selected from among those of Groups VB, VIB, VIII and IB of the Periodic Table. The catalyst contains about 1 to 30% by weight of such catalytic metal component and has the following pore characteristics with regard to its pores having a diameter of 75 .ANG. or more: an average pore diameter APD of about 180 to 500 .ANG., a total pore volume PV, expressed in cc/g, being equal to or greater than a value X ##EQU1## the volume of pores with a diameter of about 180 to 500 .ANG. being at least about 0.2 cc/g, the volume of pores with a diameter of at least 1,500 .ANG. being not greater than about 0.03 cc/g, and a total surface area being at least about 60 m.

Abstract: A single stage catalyst system and process for using same in a single stage operation for hydrodewaxing and hydrotreating petroleum residua is disclosed. The catalyst comprises a ZSM-5 type zeolite in an alumina binder having specified metals content and pore volume characteristics.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon oil comprises a carrier which is a calcined composite of a mixture of a clay mineral consisting mainly of magnesium silicate having a double-chain structure and a pseudoboehmite which shows a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum obtained by applying a CuK.sub..alpha. ray such that the half value width of the peak on the (020) plane is between about 0.8.degree. and 4.0.degree. and the intensity of said peak is between 1.2 and 8.0 times as high as that at 2.theta.=10.degree.. At least one catalytic metal component is composited with the carrier, the metal of the catalytic metal component being selected from the group consisting of metals belonging to Groups VB, VIB, VIII and IB of the Periodic Table. Disclosed also are a method of preparing such a catalyst, and a process for the hydrotreatment of heavy hydrocarbon oils containing asphaltenes and heavy metals.

Abstract: A process for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock containing constituents boiling above 350.degree. C. comprises contacting said feedstock with hydrogen under hydroprocessing conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a rigidly interconnected pack containing inorganic matrix oxide and about 10-95% fluid catalytic cracking catalyst microspheroids, based upon the total weight of said matrix oxide and said microspheroids, said pack characterized by a pore volume of at least 0.15 cc. per cc., at least about 30% of said pore volume present as pores having diameters within the range of 50-250 Angstroms and at least about 5% of said pore volume present as pores having diameters greater than 1,000 Angstroms.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating of heavy feedstocks comprised of nickel and molybdenum, supported on alumina having a defined pore size distribution which has been calcined at a temperature of from 1150.degree. F. -1300.degree. F. Calcining of such catalyst at such temperatures is required in order to provide for effective use thereof as a hydrotreating catalyst for higher boiling feedstocks.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon stream containing metals, asphaltenes, nitrogen compounds, and sulfur compounds to reduce the contents of these contaminants. The process comprises contacting said stream in the presence of hydrogen and under suitable hydrotreating conditions in sequence with a first catalyst in a first reaction zone, a second catalyst in a second reaction zone, and a third catalyst in a third reaction zone. The first catalyst comprises a Group VIB metal and/or a Group VIII metal on a porous inorganic oxide support; the second catalyst consists essentially of at least one hydrogenation metal selected from Group VIB deposed on a support material comprising alumina; and the third catalyst comprises a hydrogenating component comprising molybdenum, chromium, and cobalt on a large-pore, catalytically-active alumina. Each catalyst has specific physical properties.

Abstract: In the catalytic hydroprocessing of hydrocarbons, a hydrocarbon oil is successively contacted with a first hydroprocessing catalyst in a first reaction zone and a second hydroprocessing catalyst in a second reaction zone. The first catalyst has an average pore diameter at least about 30 angstroms larger than the second catalyst, although both have narrow pore size distributions wherein at least about 90 percent of the total pore volume is in pores of diameter from about 100 angstroms to about 300 angstroms, and with essentially all the pores having diameters greater than 100 angstroms.

Abstract: Resids are hydrocracked at low pressure (600 psig and 825.degree. F.) in a solvent, while being demetalated, desulfurized, and decarbonized, by passing the solution through a dual-bed catalytic system having a large-pore catalyst as the first bed and a small-pore as the second bed. The solvent is preferably process generated and recycled, boiling at about 400.degree.-700.degree. F.

Abstract: A metal- and/or sulfur contaminated charge stock containing residua is hydrotreated in a first reaction zone in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst comprising a hydrogenating component selected from the Group VIB and Group VIII metals, preferably a combination of nickel and molybdenum, on a refractory support, preferably alumina or silica-alumina, to reduce the metal and/or sulfur content thereof, the demetalated and/or desulfurized residua is hydrocracked in a second reaction zone in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst comprising a nickel and tungsten impregnated rare earth exchanged zeolite X in combination with a nickel and tungsten impregnated silica-alumina matrix to provide distillate of higher cetane index than that achieved with hydrotreatment alone, and the liquid effluent from said second reaction zone is thereafter passed to a third reaction zone containing a hydrotreating catalyst which is the same as, or is different from, the hydrotreating catalyst in the first reaction zone to effect

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating of heavy feedstocks comprised of nickel and molybdenum, supported on alumina having a defined pore size distribution which has been calcined at a temperature of from 1150.degree. F.-1300.degree. F. Calcining of such catalyst at such temperatures is required in order to provide for effective use thereof as a hydrotreating catalyst for higher boiling feedstocks.

Abstract: Spherical particles of alumina are prepared by agitating a slurry of solids comprising rehydratable alumina solids in water with a hot immiscible liquid to disperse droplets of the slurry in a continuous phase of the immiscible liquid. The droplets are shaped by interfacial surface tension and are hardened by heat while in the immiscible liquid, then are separated and calcined to produce finished spherical alumina beads. The preferred beads are of size less than one millimeter. These are used as supports for catalysts that are used in several oil refining processes such as hydrotreating for removal of sulfur or for reforming or cracking.

Abstract: A new CoMo/alumina catalyst of improved stability and activity for demetalation/desulfurization of residual oil fractions having about 40 to 75% of its pore volume in 150-200 A diameter pores and up to about 5% of its pore volume in 500 A+ diameter pores.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating heavy hydrocarbon oils comprises a carrier which is a calcined composite of a mixture of a clay mineral consisting mainly of magnesium silicate having a double-chain structure and at least one oxide-forming substance selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the elements belonging to Groups IIA, IIIA, IVA and IVB of the Periodic Table and capable of forming an oxide upon calcination, and at least one catalytic metal component composited with the carrier. The metal of the catalytic metal component is selected from among those belonging to Groups VB, VIB, VIII and IB of the Periodic Table. The catalyst contains about 5 to 80% by weight of the oxide formed from the oxide-forming substance and about 0.1 to 20% by weight of the catalytic metal component in terms of elemental metal. The catalyst has a pore volume of about 0.5 to 2.0 cc/g, an average pore diameter of about 100 to 500 A, and a surface area of about 40 to 400 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: Hydrorefining of a hydrocarbon charge of high metal content with a catalyst containing alumina, a metal from group VI and a metal from the iron group, of a specific surface from 120 to 200 m.sup.2 /g, a total pore volume from 0.8 to 1.2 cc/g and a pore distribution as follows:0 to 10% of pores smaller than 100 A35 to 60% of pores from 100 to 600 A35 to 55% of pores greater than 600 A,including 10 to 25% of pores greater than 10,000 A, said catalyst optionally containing additionally an alkaline-earth metal.

Abstract: A catalyst support is prepared from a composite comprising alumina and one or more oxides of phosphorous by forming the composite into a shaped support material having at least 0.8 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters of 0 nm (0 A) to 120 nm (1,200 A) and at least 0.1 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters of 120 nm (1,200 A) to 5,000 nm (50,000 A) and heating said shaped support material in the presence of steam at sufficient elevated temperature, steam pressure, and time period to increase the average pore diameter of said shaped support in the absence of any appreciable reduction in pore volume.A catalyst is prepared by impregnating the steam-treated support with at least one hydrogenating metal.The catalyst can be used suitably in hydrocarbon conversion processes, such as a process for the hydrodemetallization of a hydrocarbon stream containing asphaltenes and a substantial amount of metals.

Abstract: Catalyst shapes for inorganic oxide, hydroprocessing catalysts are disclosed. When the catalyst is used for diffusion limited reactions, and particularly when it is used for demetalation, shaped catalysts give longer catalyst lifetimes. Preferred shapes include fluted trilobal, asymmetric quadralobal and elongated quadralobal.

Abstract: A catalyst composition including imogolite and its use in hydrogen processing hydrocarbons are disclosed.

Abstract: Catalyst shapes for inorganic oxide, hydroprocessing catalysts are disclosed. When the catalyst is used for diffusion limited reactions, and particularly when it is used for demetalation, shaped catalysts give longer catalyst lifetimes. Preferred shapes include oval and elliptical shapes, with and without bumps.

Abstract: A catalyst suitable for use in hydrotreating processes composed of a support containing (1) at least one Group IIA metal compound selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium compounds, (2) alumina and (3) aluminum phosphate carrying a metal thereon.

Abstract: The porosity of heterogeneous type catalysts is increased by incorporating during the preparation a short fibrous type material commonly referred to as a whisker. This type material is highly effective in increasing the volume and diameter of the pores in the catalyst.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with removing metals and sulfur from oil, preferably from residual oil, by contact with a novel catalyst. Said catalyst comprises a Group VIII metal and a Group VI metal deposited within an amorphous porous glass support of controlled pore size distribution.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating residual petroleum oil has a pore size distribution related to the measured size distribution of sulfur, nickel and vanadium containing molecules in the residual oil to be hydrotreated. The size distribution of the sulfur, nickel and vanadium containing molecules in the residual oil is measured by gel permeation chromatography. From this measured size distribution, the catalyst pore size distribution which produces desired demetalization and desulfurization is determined for specified process conditions. A catalyst having the determined pore size distribution is produced by calcining alumina at different temperatures to produce alumina with the determined pore size distribution. The alumina is impregnated with cobalt molybdenum to produce the catalyst which is tailored to produce the desired demetalization and desulfurization of the residual oil to be treated.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a porous catalyst carrier having a pore volume of at least 0.5 cc/g, a content of micropores in which the pore diameter is between 80 and 150 A. which constitutes at least 70% of the pore volume and a content of macropores which constitutes less than 3% of the pore volume. In the method, a powdered solid comprised of predominantly alpha-alumina monohydrate and sized in the range below 500 microns is treated with a particular amount of a monobasic acid. The acid in the resulting mixture is then at least partially neutralized by admixing with a nitrogen base such as aqueous ammonia. The treated and neutralized feed is converted into a catalyst carrier by shaping as desired, drying, and calcining. Further aspects of the invention are a hydrodesulfurization catalyst prepared using the present carrier and a hydrodesulfurization process for metals-contaminated hydrocarbon feeds using the catalyst.

Abstract: A new CoMo/alumina catalyst of improved stability and activity for demetalation/desulfurization of residual oil fractions having about 40 to 75% of its pore volume in 150-200 A diameter pores and up to about 5% of its pore volume in 500 A+ diameter pores.

Abstract: A catalyst for denitrogenating and desulfurating carbonaceous liquid such as solvent refined coal includes catalytic metal oxides impregnated within a porous base of mostly alumina with relatively large pore diameters, surface area and pore volume. The base material includes pore volumes of 0.7-0.85 ml/g, surface areas of 200-350 m.sup.2 /g and pore diameters of 85-200 Angstroms. The catalytic metals impregnated into these base materials include the oxides of Group VI metals, molybdenum and tungsten, and the oxides of Group VIII metals, nickel and cobalt, in various combinations. These catalysts and bases in combination have effectively promoted the removal of chemically combined sulfur and nitrogen within a continuous flowing mixture of carbonaceous liquid and hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided which comprises a hydrogenation component and a support comprising agglomerates of alumina having initially not more than 0.20 cubic centimeters per gram of its pore volume in pores greater than about 400 Angstroms in diameter and a minor amount of silica. A process for the hydroconversion of hydrocarbonaceous oils utilizing the catalyst is also provided.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon stream such as petroleum distillate and similar hydrocarbon materials by contacting said stream with hydrogen and a catalyst comprising a porous refractory inorganic oxide support and deposited thereon hydrogenation components comprising chromium, molybdenum and at least one Group VIII metal. This process enables improved removal of nitrogen and sulfur, particularly from gas oils.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon stream to remove nitrogen and sulfur which process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream comprising a stream selected from petroleum distillate, tar sands distillate, and shale oil, with hydrogen and a catalyst comprising a porous refractory inorganic oxide and deposited thereon hydrogenation components comprising chromium, molybdenum and at least one Group VIII metal, said catalyst having a pore volume distribution comprising 20-50% of pore volume in pores with diameters of 0-50 Angstrom units, 30-70% of pore volume in pores with diameters of 50-100 Angstrom units, 0-20% of pore volume in pores with diameters of 100-150 Angstrom units, and 0-10% of pore volume in pores with diameters greater than 150 Angstrom units.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating residual petroleum oil has a pore size distribution related to the measured size distribution of sulfur, nickel and vanadium containing molecules in the residual oil to be hydrotreated. The size distribution of the sulfur, nickel and vanadium containing molecules in the residual oil is measured by gel permeation chromatography. From this measured size distribution, the catalyst pore size distribution which produces desired demetalization and desulfurization is determined for specified process conditions. A catalyst having the determined pore size distribution is produced by calcining alumina at different temperatures to produce alumina with the determined pore size distribution. The alumina is impregnated with cobalt molybdenum to produce the catalyst which is tailored to produce the desired demetalization and desulfurization of the residual oil to be treated.

Abstract: Desulfurization, denitrogenation, deoxygenation and CCR reduction of highly aromatic petroleum and coal derived liquids are conducted with hydrogen and with a refractory base catalyst incorporating at least one Group VIA metal and at least one Group VIII metal. The catalyst has a surface area of between about 100 and 300 m.sup.2 /g and a total pore volume of between about 0.3 and 1.

Abstract: Catalysts consisting of a base support having a strongly adherent outer coating of an active catalytic material have been found to give superior results in known hydrogen processing reactions wherein sulfur, nitrogen and the metal content of a hydrogen feedstock are reduced.

Abstract: A process for hydrodemetallation and hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon feedstock containing asphaltenes and metals by contacting said feedstock with hydrogen and a bimodal catalyst consisting essentially of at least one active original hydrogenation metal selected from Group VIB deposited on a support comprising alumina wherein said catalyst has a surface area within the range of about 140 to about 300 m.sup.2 /gm, a total pore volume based upon measurement by mercury penetration within the range of about 0.4 cc/gm to about 1.0 cc/gm, and comprising about 60% to about 95% of its micropore volume in micropores having diameters within the range of about 50 A to about 200 A, 0% to about 15% of its micropore volume in pores having diameters within the range of about 200 A to about 600 A and about 3% to about 30% of said total pore volume based upon measurements by mercury penetration in macropores having diameters of 600 A or greater.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon stream such as petroleum distillate and similar hydrocarbon materials by contacting said stream with hydrogen and a catalyst comprising a porous refractory inorganic oxide support and deposited thereon hydrogenation components comprising chromium, molybdenum and at least one Group VIII metal. This process enables improved removal of nitrogen and sulfur, particularly from gas oils.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-stage catalytic process for hydrodemetallation and hydrodesulfurization of heavy hydrocarbon streams containing asphaltenes and a substantial amount of metals. The first stage of this process comprises contacting the feedstock in a first reaction zone with hydrogen and a demetallation catalyst comprising hydrogenation metal selected from Group VIB and/or Group VIII deposed on a large-pore, high surface area inorganic oxide support; the second stage of the process comprises contacting the effluent from the first reaction zone with a catalyst consisting essentially of hydrogenation metal selected from Group VIB deposed on a smaller pore, catalytically active support comprising alumina, said second stage catalyst having a surface area within the range of about 150 m.sup.2 /gm to about 300 m.sup.2 /gm, having a majority of its pore volume in pore diameters within the range of about 80 A to about 130 A, and the catalyst has a pore volume within the range of about 0.4 cc/gm to about 0.9 cc/gm.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating (hydroprocessing) hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons utilizing a catalytic composite comprising an alumina-zeolite support, a rare earth exchange metal component, at least one metal component from Group VIB or Group VIII and from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent of at least one component from Group IIA based on the weight of the finished catalyst in which process there is effected a chemical consumption of hydrogen. Hydrocarbon hydroprocesses are hydrocracking, the hydrogenation of aromatic nuclei, the ring-opening of cyclic hydrocarbons, desulfurization, denitrification, hydrogenation, etc.

Abstract: An improved method for preparing a hydrocarbon hydrotreating catalyst containing a major amount of alumina and a minor amount of at least one Group VIB or Group VIII metal comprising:(1) contacting an aqueous mixture of hydrous alumina with at least one phosphorus-containing compound in an amount sufficient to increase the hydrocarbon hydrotreating activity of the final catalyst and forming a phosphorus-containing hydrous alumina;(2) calcining the phosphorus-containing hydrous alumina and forming a calcined alumina;(3) contacting the calcined alumina with at least one metal-containing compound and forming a metal-containing material, the metal being selected from the group consisting of Group VIB metal, Group VIII metal and mixtures thereof; and(4) calcining the metal-containing material and forming a catalyst having increased hydrocarbon hydrotreating activity.Improved hydrocarbon hydrotreating processes and catalysts are also disclosed.

Abstract: In the hydroprocessing of blends of solvent refined coal and recycle solvent, small pore hydrotreating catalysts cause separation of a solid phase from treating blends containing high concentration of solvent refined coal.

Abstract: A heavy hydrocarbon stream containing metals, asphaltenes, nitrogen compounds, and sulfur compounds is (a) contacted with hydrogen and a hydrotreating catalyst containing molybdenum and chromium, either as metals, as oxides, as sulfides, or mixtures thereof, deposed on a large-pore, catalytically active alumina to reduce the metals content in said stream, to convert the asphaltenes, nitrogen compounds, and sulphur compounds in said stream, the catalyst has a pore volume within the range of about 0.4 cc/gm to about 0.8 cc/gm, a surface area within the range of about 150 m.sup.2 /gm to about 300 m.sup.2 /gm, and an average pore diameter within the range of about 100 A (10 nm) to about 200 A (20 nm); and (b) at least a portion of the hydrotreated stream is cracked with a cracking catalyst to produce gasoline and distillates in improved yields. The catalyst in step (a) may also contain cobalt.

Abstract: The process comprises contacting a heavy hydrocarbon stream containing metals and asphaltenes to reduce the contents of nitrogen compounds, sulfur compounds, metals and asphaltenes in the hydrocarbon stream under suitable conditions and in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst comprising a hydrogenating component consisting essentially of molybdenum and chromium, their oxides, their sulfides, or mixtures thereof on a large-pore, catalytically active alumina. The catalyst has a pore volume within the range of about 0.4 cc/gm to about 0.8 cc/gm, a surface area within the range of about 150 m.sup.2 /gm to about 300 m.sup.2 /gm, and an average pore diameter within the range of about 100 A to about 200 A.

Abstract: A catalyst and process are described for hydrofining petroleum wax comprising contacting the wax with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one metal hydrogenating component on a porous alumina/silica carrier containing from about 0.2 to 5 wt.% of an alkali metal component, the catalyst having a specific surface area of about 200 to 300 m.sup.2 /g and being further characterized in that (a) the volume of pores having a diameter in the range of 60 to 150 A is greater than 80% of the volume of pores having a diameter in the range of 0 to 150 A and (b) the volume of pores having a diameter in the range of 0 to 600 A is in the range of about 0.45 to 0.60 ml/g.

Abstract: The process comprises contacting a heavy hydrocarbon stream under suitable conditions and in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst comprising a hydrogenating component selected from the group consisting of (1) molybdenum, chromium, and a small amount of cobalt, (2) their oxides, (3) their sulfides, and (4) mixtures thereof deposed on a large-pore, catalytically active alumina. The molybdenum is present in an amount within the range of about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%, calculated as MoO.sub.3 and based upon total catalyst weight, the chromium is present in an amount within the range of about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, calculated as Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 and based upon the total catalyst weight, and the cobalt is present in an amount within the range of about 0.1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, calculated as CoO and based upon the total catalyst weight. The catalyst possesses a pore volume within the range of about 0.4 cc/gm to about 0.8 cc/gm, a surface area within the range of about 150 m.sup.2 /gm to about 300 m.sup.

Abstract: A method for preparing an alumina having controlled pore volume distribution is disclosed. The method requires the presence of 0.1-15% by weight of a water soluble aliphatic polycarboxylic acid having from 2-12 carbon atoms based on the dry weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, during alumina precipitation. The resultant calcined alumina has a pore volume distribution such that:A. Nitrogen desorption measurements indicate that less than 10% of the total pores as determined by said method fall between 100-1200A in diameter;B. Nitrogen adsorption measurements indicate that between 10-50% of the total pore volume as determined fall between 100-1200A in diameter; andC. Mercury penetration porisimetry indicates that less than 10% of the total pores as determined by both nitrogen desorption and mercury methods fall between 100-50,000A in diameter.

Abstract: Novel catalyst support, catalyst and process for hydrodemetalizing sulfur and metal-contaminated hydrocarbon oils such as residual petroleum fractions or whole crudes. The process may be used to prepare feedstocks suitable for fluid catalytic cracking. The novel catalyst support is alumina modified with rare earth oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method of catalyst presulfiding, wherein the catalyst is treated with elemental sulfur. The use of elemental sulfur as a catalyst presulfiding agent is a means of rapidly and reproducibly attaining a highly active catalyst.

Abstract: There is disclosed a hydrotreating process for petroleum distillate which comprises contacting the distillate with catalyst particles of special shape characteristics in the presence of hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure.