Abstract: An improved process is described for the hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbon oil, such as oils extracted from tar sands. The charge oil in the presence of an excess of hydrogen is passed through a tubular hydrocracking zone, and the effluent emerging from the top of the zone is separated into a gaseous stream containing a wide boiling range material and a liquid stream containing heavy hydrocarbons. According to the novel feature, the charge oil is in the form of a slurry together with an iron-coal catalyst. The presence of this catalyst in the charge oil serves to greatly reduce coke precursors, such as benzene and pentane insolubles, and thereby prevent the formation of carbonaceous deposits in the reaction zone.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst is treated with a crude antimony tris(O,O-dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioate) to passivate thereon contaminating metals, e.g., vanadium, iron and/or nickel. Used or unused catalyst can be treated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for reducing the fouling in a heat exchanger in which a hydrocarbon stream is heated or cooled as it passes through the heat exchanger. From 1 to 500 parts per million of a polyalkylene amine is added to the stream to reduce fouling.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst the effectiveness of which is impaired by deposition thereon of a metal contaminant, e.g., vanadium, iron and/or nickel, is treated with an antimony tris (hydrocarbyl sulfonate) to passivate the contaminant metal.

Abstract: Oil soluble oxazoline reaction products of hydrocarbon substituted dicarboxylic acid, ester, or anhydride, for example polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride, with 2,2-disubstituted-2-amino-1-alkanols, such as tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (THAM), are useful additives in oleaginous compositions, such as sludge dispersants for lubricating oil or gasoline.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst is treated with an antimony thiocarbamate to passivate thereon contaminating metals, e.g., vanadium, iron and/or nickel. Used or unused catalyst can be treated.

Abstract: A novel cracking catalyst, a method of preparing same and an improved hydrocarbon cracking process are provided wherein adverse effects of metals such as nickel, vanadium and iron in the cracking catalyst are precluded or mitigated by contacting the cracking catalyst with at least one treating agent selected from the group consisting of elemental tellurium, oxides of tellurium and compounds convertible to elemental tellurium or oxide thereof during cracking or catalyst regeneration, whereby to said cracking catalyst is added a modifying amount of said treating agent.

Abstract: Metals such as nickel, vanadium and iron contaminating a cracking catalyst are passivated by contacting the contaminated catalyst with a passivating agent dissolved in a secondary feedstock stream having a temperature sufficiently low to avoid or minimize decomposition of the passivating agent.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst is treated with a crude antimony tris-(O,O-dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioate) to passivate thereon contaminating metals, e.g., vanadium, iron and/or nickel. Used or unused catalyst can be treated.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing acetylene against explosive decomposition comprising mixing together with the acetylene a chemical free radical scavenging agent chosen from the group consisting of nitric oxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromine, hydrogen iodide and vinyl bromine as well as mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Compositions stabilized against premature polymerization are disclosed. These compositions contain(a) a vinyl or vinylidene monomer capable of free radical polymerization, and(b) a polymerization inhibitor having the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sub.1, r.sub.2, r.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are alkyl groups containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, andR.sub.5, r.sub.6, r.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are hydrogen or alkyl groups containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms provided that only two of these may be a secondary or a tertiary alkyl group.

Abstract: Prevention of detrimental effect of metals such as nickel, vanadium and iron on the activity of a cracking catalyst when used in a cracking process having essentially no hydrogen added thereto is achieved by using in the cracking process novel cracking catalyst having less than 40 weight percent zeolite content and including antimony metal or a compound of antimony prior to subjecting the cracking catalyst to hydrocarbon cracking conditions.

Abstract: Used cracking catalyst fines from a cracking process wherein antimony or a compound thereof is used as a metals passivation agent are used as an efficient passivation agent in a cracking process.

Abstract: A simplified, low-cost method of treating pressurized, moving natural gas streams in order to control problems created by entrained water in the gas is provided which facilitates downstream treatment of the gas and increases product yields by lessening the formation of oil and water emulsions and hydrates which can coat and clog processing equipment, while also minimizing corrosion of the latter. The method involves introduction of an agent into the moving gas stream which includes a polymer having recurring quaternized pyridinium groups therein for controlling the emulsion, hydrate and corrosion problems; the method is especially effective when the entrained water contains surfactants, detergents, soaps, and the like. In preferred forms a low molecular weight copolymer of styrene and 2-vinyl pyridine dispersed in water is atomized into the gas stream adjacent cooling and scrubbing stations.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of inhibiting or preventing fouling (i.e., preventing the adhesion of deposits from hydrocarbon on surfaces) at elevated temperatures which comprises adding to hydrocarbon an antifouling (preventing) amount of an organo-sulfur compounds having a high sulfur content. In the preferred embodiment, the organo-sulfur compound has at least 5% sulfur. An embodiment is a heterocyclic compound, a dithiole-thione. These organo sulfur compounds are particularly effective at elevated temperatures of at least about 500.degree. F.

Abstract: Compositions stabilized against premature polymerization are disclosed. These compositions contain(a) a vinyl or vinylidene monomer capable of free radical polymerization, and(b) a polymerization inhibitor having the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sub.1, r.sub.2, r.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are alkyl groups containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, andR.sub.5, r.sub.6, r.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are hydrogen or alkyl groups containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms provided that only two of these may be a secondary or a tertiary alkyl group.

Abstract: As antifoulants in the processing of crude oil to minimize deposition of condensates and polymeric deposits on heat exchangers, compounds of the following structure have been utilized: ##STR1## X = OH, NH.sub.2, NHR, NHCH.sub.2 CHOHR (R = straight or branched chain alkyl containing 2 to 20, preferably 6 to 16, carbon atoms.)Y = h, ch.sub.2M = ammonia, amine containing 1-54 carbons where the total number of carbon atoms in X and M is .gtoreq. 8 but .ltoreq. 54.n .gtoreq. 1As preferred compounds, sulfanilic acid amine salts are preferred in the above formula where X = NH.sub.2, NHR, NHCH.sub.2 CHOHR.Also preferred are phenolic compounds which are sulfonated and subsequently partially or completely neutralized with amines as in the above formula where X = OH.The compounds show an effective dosage range from about 40 ppm to 300 ppm and the effective percent reduction in fouling in crude oils ranging from 42-94%.

Abstract: Phosphate and phosphite mono and diesters in small amounts function as antifoulant additives in ethylene cracking furnaces which are subjected to elevated temperatures from about 500.degree. - 1700.degree. F. These furnaces produce material that deposits and accumulates upon furnace surfaces including furnace coils and transfer line exchangers. The present antifoulant additives inhibit and suppress fouling and also help clean up previously fouled furnace surfaces.

Abstract: The method of stabilizing mineral oil and its refinery products by addition thereto of a small stabilizing amount of alternating copolymers of the type. . . A -- B -- A -- B -- A . . .in which A denotes the structural unit of the general formula--C(R.sup.1)(R.sup.2) - CH.sub.2 --where R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen or alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 has the meanings stated for R.sup.1 or denotes a phenyl group, and in which B stands for structural units of the general formulae ##STR1## where R.sup.3 denotes a saturated hydrocarbon radical of from 8 to 20 carbon atoms and R.sup.4 denotes hydrogen or alkyl of from 8 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Compositions stabilized against premature polymerization are disclosed. These compositions containA. a vinyl or vinylidene monomer capable of free radical polymerization, andB. a polymerization inhibitor having the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sub.1, r.sub.2, r.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are alkyl groups containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, andR.sub.5, r.sub.6, r.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are hydrogen or alkyl groups containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms provided that only two of these may be a secondary or a tertiary alkyl group.

Abstract: In the thermal cracking of heavy petroleum oil (having an API specific gravity of not more than 25) in a tubular type heating furnace, a specific inorganic substance is added in a specific proportion to the heavy petroleum oil to prevent the heavy oil from undergoing coking inside the furnace.

Abstract: Metals on a cracking catalyst are passivated by contacting the catalyst with at least one compound selected from the group of compounds having the general formula ##STR1## WHEREIN THE R groups which can be the same or different consist of hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to about 18 carbon atoms per radical, the overall number of carbon atoms per molecule being 6 to about 90.

Abstract: Metals on a cracking catalyst are passivated by contacting the catalyst with at least one compound selected from the group of compounds having the general formula ##STR1## WHEREIN THE R groups which can be the same or different consist of hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to about 18 carbon atoms per radical, the overall number of carbon atoms per molecule being 6 to about 90.

Abstract: Phosphate and phosphite mono- and di-esters and thioesters in small amounts function as antifoulant additives in overhead vacuum distilled gas oils employed as feedstocks in hydrodesulfurizing wherein such feedstocks are subjected to elevated temperatures of from about 200.degree. to 700.degree. F and which are prone under such processing to produce material that deposits and accumulates upon the surfaces of hydrodesulfurization catalysts and also equipment, such as heat transfer surfaces and the like. Such additives not only inhibit and suppress fouling but also reduce fouling in previously fouled such systems.

Abstract: Inorganic phosphorus-containing acids and salts thereof in small amounts function as antifoulant additives in crude oil systems employed as feedstocks in petroleum refining which are subjected to elevated temperatures of from about 100.degree. to 1500.degree. F. and which are prone to produce fouling material that deposits and accumulates upon the surfaces of petroleum processing equipment, such as heat transfer equipment and the like. Such additives not only inhibit and suppress fouling but also reduce fouling in previously fouled refining systems.

Abstract: Phosphate and phosphite mono- and di-esters in small amounts function as antifoulant additives in crude oil systems employed as feedstocks in petroleum refining which are subjected to elevated temperatures of from about 100.degree. to 1500.degree. F. and which are prone to produce material that deposits and accumulates upon the surfaces of petroleum processing equipment, such as heat transfer equipment and the like. Such additives not only inhibit and suppress fouling but also reduce fouling in previously fouled refining systems.

Abstract: Thio-phosphate and -phosphite mono- and di-esters in small amounts function as antifoulant additives in crude oil systems employed as feedstocks in petroleum refining which are subjected to elevated temperatures of from about 100.degree. to 1500.degree. F and which are prone to produce material that deposits and accumulates upon the surfaces of petroleum processing equipment, such as heat transfer equipment and the like. Such additives not only inhibit and suppress fouling but also reduce fouling in previously fouled refining systems.

Abstract: Pyrolysis naphtha is contacted with a residuum hydrocarbon charge stock under process conditions suitable for delayed coking of said residuum hydrocarbon charge. Unstable olefinic and diolefinic components of said pyrolysis naphtha are reduced in the product naphtha. Such conversion of unstable olefin and diolefin components is accomplished without substantial conversion of aromatic components of said pyrolysis naphtha.

Abstract: Fouling is at least minimized when heating in a distillation unit a stream comprising C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 diolefins by a method wherein said distillation unit is flushed with an inert gas, thereafter nitric oxide is introduced in an amount ranging from 0.15 to 500, preferably from 5 to 30 gm of nitric oxide per square meter of internal surface area of said heating unit, the heating unit is thereafter flushed with inert gas and the C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 diolefin stream is introduced into the heating unit. This method may be applied to a depropanizer or a debutanizer the desorber and re-distillation of the CAA process for butadiene recovery, the extractive distillation, stripping tower and re-distillation of the ACN process for isoprene recovery, or extractive distillation, stripping tower and re-distillation of the ACN process for isoprene recovery.

Abstract: A method of negating the effects of metals poisoning on a cracking catalyst which comprises contacting the catalyst containing metal contaminants with a bismuth or manganese compound.

Abstract: An improved anti-fouling additive for use in organic heat transfer fluids is disclosed. The additive comprises a combination of a barium overbased calcium sulfonate having a base ratio of at least 4 and a phenolic anti-oxidant.