Abstract: A method for vacuum distillation includes separation of a liquid product delivered to a reservoir under vacuum into a vapour-gaseous phase and at least one liquid fraction, withdrawal of the vapour-gaseous phase from the reservoir using a vacuum-creating device, and subsequent separation of the vapour-gaseous phase into gas and a liquid phase by condensing performed directly in the vacumm-creating device. A portion of the liquid phase is used as a fluid working medium in the vacuum-creating device.An equipment for vacuum distillation includes a reservoir under vacuum conditions equipped with mains and a vacuum-creating device, which has an ejector, a separator and a pump, interconnected by mains.

Abstract: Heavy crude oil is recovered and processed at a refinery through (a) a distillation zone(s), (b) a solvent deasphalting unit (c ) a high pressure air partial oxidation gasifier to produce a CO-rich gas mixture including hydrogen, (d) a shift reactor and (e) a purification step to produce 99.9% pure hydrogen. The hydrogen is used to treat a deasphalted oil fraction and distillate hydrocarbon fractions obtained from the crude oil. The process is considered integrated in the sense that the purified hydrogen recovered from the heavy crude oil is used to treat hydrocarbons recovered from the same crude oil.

Abstract: A process for producing a debenzeneated gasoline blending stock from a benzene-containing refinery stream by using a dual function catalyst. The benzene-containing refinery stream contains at least 2 wt % of benzene is hydrogenated to cyclohexane and then isomerized to methylcyclopentane accompanied with C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 normal paraffins isomerized to isoparaffins, preferably in a single reactor or catalytic distillation reactor using dual function catalyst.

Abstract: A process is provided for the recovery of hydrogen chloride in anhydrous form from a dry (containing less than about 500 parts per million by weight of water) mixture of hydrogen chloride with one or more non-condensable gases and which may also contain components heavier than hydrogen chloride, which process comprises distilling the mixture to produce an overheads stream containing the non-condensable gases and about 95 percent or more by weight of the hydrogen chloride in the mixture and a bottoms stream containing about 95 percent or greater by weight of all components heavier than hydrogen chloride, and compressing and refrigerating the overheads stream whereby a selected proportion of the hydrogen chloride in the overheads stream is produced in a liquid anhydrous form containing less than about 50 parts per million by weight of water.

Abstract: The C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 and heavier acetylenes and dienes in a thermally cracked feed stream are hydrogenated without significantly hydrogenating the C.sub.2 and C.sub.3 olefins. Additionally, the C.sub.4 and heavier olefins may be hydrogenated. Specifically, the cracked gas feed in an olefin plant is hydrogenated in a distillation reaction column containing a hydrogenation catalyst without the necessity of separating the hydrogen out of the feed and without any significant hydrogenation of the ethylene and propylene. A combined reaction-fractionation step known as catalytic distillation hydrogenation is used to simultaneously carry out the reactions and separations while maintaining the hydrogenation conditions such that the ethylene and propylene remain substantially un-hydrogenated and essentially all of the other C.sub.2 and heavier unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrogenated. Any unreacted hydrogen can be separated by a membrane and then reacted with separated C.sub.

Abstract: Acidic halides, especially chlorides, are removed from liquid hydrocarbons such as catalytic reformate by contact with solid caustic such as a bed of NaOH pellets covered with a thin film of brine. Hydration of reformate improves removal when large amounts of chlorides are present in reformate. Halides in liquid hydrocarbon are recovered as a brine phase, which can be only slightly alkaline. Hydration of reformate can be controlled based on pH of brine removed from the bed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of selecting a gas oil feedstock for use in manufacturing olefins. The feedstock is analyzed for the presence of benzothiophenes and is used to manufacture olefins only if it contains less than 50 ppm (as sulfur) of benzothiophenes. The concentration of benzothiophenes can be reduced by distilling the feedstock and removing the fraction of the feedstock that boils between about 45.degree. and about 60.degree. C. under reduced pressure of about 0.05 to about 0.1 mmHg. The concentration of benzothiophenes can also be reduced by passing the feedstock through a benzothiophene adsorber such as activated alumina or activated carbon.

Abstract: A straight run naphtha is fractionated to yield on intermediate naphtha and the heaviest 10-25 vol % as heavy naphtha. The heavy naphtha is subjected to hydrocracking to yield liquid fuel and lighter, including C.sub.4 isoparaffins and a cracked naphtha having a 90 vol % temperature (T90) of 310.degree. F. (155.degree. C.).

Abstract: A process for treating C.sub.3 to C.sub.12 petroleum fractions, such as a light cracked naphtha to be used as an etherification feed stock in which H.sub.2 S is removed by distillation of at least the C.sub.3 fraction and mercaptans and diolefins are removed simultaneously in a distillation column reactor using a dual catalyst bed. The mercaptans and H.sub.2 S are reacted with the diolefins in the presence of a reduced nickel catalyst to form sulfides which are higher boiling than the portion of the feed which is fractionated to an upper hydrogenation catalyst bed of palladium for hydrogenating diolefins and acetylenes. The higher boiling sulfides are removed as bottoms along with heavier materials. Any diolefins not converted to sulfides and acetylenes are selectively hydrogenated to mono-olefins in the presence of a palladium oxide catalyst in an upper bed, producing overheads, substantially free of sulfur compounds, diolefins and acetylenes.

Abstract: A method and operating technique for treating organosulfur compound-containing aliphatic streams by introducing the light hydrocarbon stream at a top portion of a vertical stripping tower having an upper catalytic contact zone containing a bed of solid hydrodesulfurization catalyst particles and a lower contact zone, and introducing a light gas stream containing hydrogen at a lower portion of said stripping tower. Hydrodesulfurization is effected by flowing the light hydrocarbon stream and light gas stream countercurrently in contact with the solid hydrodesulfurization catalyst particles under hydrodesulfurization and stripping conditions, thereby converting the organosulfur compound in the upper contact zone.

Abstract: A process for the simultaneous replacement of a first catalyst by a second catalyst which first catalyst is circulating as a moving bed of solid particles in a hydrocarbon treating unit, which unit comprises at least one processing reactor. The first catalyst is withdrawn downstream of the reactor, or of each reactor, in the direction of catalyst circulation. The second catalyst is simultaneously injected upstream of the reactor or of each reactor. The bulk density of the material withdrawn downstream of the reactor, or of each reactor, is measured continuously. The withdrawal of the first catalyst and the injection of the second catalyst into the reactor concerned are interrupted when the bulk density so measured is equal to that of the second catalyst.

Abstract: A process for upgrading low octane naphthas to produce gasoline products with low levels of benzene and aromatics while retaining a high pool octane uses a paraffinic naphtha reformer feed which is dehexanized to provide a C.sub.7 + fraction which is fed to the reformer and a C.sub.6 fraction which is fed together with the C.sub.6 fraction from the reformer effluent to a catalytic upgrading step where the low octane components from the naphtha and the benzene from the reformate are converted to a low benzene, high octane gasoline by alkylation of the benzene and other aromatics present in the reformate. The process has the advantage that benzene make in the reformer is reduced by the partial by-passing of the C.sub.6 benzene precursors around the reformer; in addition, improved benzene alkylation results from the presence of additional light olefins generated by the cracking of paraffins from the paraffinic naphtha. the reaction is preferably carried out in a turbulent fluidized bed reaction zone.

Abstract: A process for the production of a distillable hydrocarbon product stream from a first distillate hydrocarbon stream, a second distillate hydrocarbon stream and a waste lubricant stream by means of contacting the waste lubricant stream with a hot hydrogen-rich gaseous stream to increase the temperature of this feed stream and vaporize at least portion of the distillable hydrocarbonaceous compounds thereby producing a distillable hydrocarbonaceous stream which is immediately hydrogenated in an integrated hydrogenation zone. The vaporized waste oil stream is admixed with a first distillate hydrocarbon stream before introduction into the hydrogenation zone. The second distillate hydrocarbon stream is converted in a hydrocracking conversion zone in order to produce lower boiling distillable hydrocarbon products and an aqueous ammonia solution which is admixed with a partially condensed effluent from the hydrogenation zone in order to neutralize at least one acid gas.

Abstract: Distillate fuels with excellent cold flow properties are produced from waxy Fischer-Tropsch products by separating the product into a heavier and a lighter fraction, isomerizing the heavier fraction, hydrotreating and isomerizing the lighter fraction, and recovering products in jet and diesel fuel ranges.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for upgrading reformate and/or light FCC gasoline by substantially reducing the amount of benzene in the gasoline product while simultaneously reducing the gasoline ASTM distillation End Point. The process comprises the fractionation of reformate to recover that fraction, C.sub.7 -C.sub.8 hydrocarbons, directly useful in gasoline without further conversion. A heavy bottom fraction comprising C.sub.9 + aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons is recovered and a C.sub.6 fraction rich in benzene. The total C.sub.6 fraction and a portion of the C.sub.9 + fraction are converted by alkylation, transalkylation and cracking in contact with acidic metallosilicate catalyst particles to gasoline boiling range materials rich in alkylaromatics. Following debutanization or depentanization of the conversion product, the fraction containing unconverted benzene is recycled to the reformate fractionator.

Abstract: A sulfur-containing catalytically cracked naphtha is upgraded to form a low-sulfur gasoline product by a process which retains the octane contribution from the olefinic front end of the naphtha. Initially, the mercaptan sulfur in the front end of the cracked naphtha is converted to higher boiling disulfides by oxidation. The front end, which is then essentially an olefinic, high octane sulfur-free material, may be blended directly into the gasoline pool. The back end, which now contains the original higher boiling sulfur components such as thiophenes, together with the sulfur transferred from the front end as disulfides, is hydrotreated to produce a desulfurized product. This desulfurized product, which has undergone a loss in octane by saturation of olefins, is then treated in a second stage, by contact with a catalyst of acidic functionality, preferably a zeolite such as ZSM-5, under conditions which produce a product in the gasoline boiling range of higher octane value.

Abstract: Low sulfur gasoline is produced from a catalytically cracked, sulfur-containing naphtha by fractionating the naphtha feed into a low boiling fraction in which the majority of the sulfur is present in the form of mercaptans and a high-boiling fraction in which the sulfur is predominantly in non-mercaptan form such as thiophenes. The low boiling fraction is desulfurized by a non-hydrogenatile mercaptan extraction process which retains the olefins present in this fraction. The second fraction is desulfurized by hydrodesulfurization, which results in some saturation of olefins and loss of octane. The octane loss is restored by treatment over an acidic catalyst, preferably an intermediate pore size zeolite such as ZSM-5, to form a low sulfur gasoline product with an octane number comparable to that of the feed naphtha but which contains some recombined sulfur in the form or mercaptans which are removed in a final hydrotreatment.

Abstract: A resid hydrotreating process hydrotreats a resid bottoms fraction from the reduction of crude oil. The hydrotreated bottoms fraction is then subjected to deep vacuum reduction and in some cases deasphalted by solvent extraction to produce an oil suitable for use as a catalytic cracking feedstock and a resins fraction suitable for solvating resid in a hydrotreating process.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrocarbon diluent from heavy crude oil, comprises pre-heating the crude oil to produce a heated crude oil, separating in a separator vessel by flashing the heated crude oil to produce a first vapor fraction and a first liquid fraction, thermally cracking in a cracking unit at least a portion of the first liquid fraction to produce a first liquid effluent, quenching the first liquid effluent, introducing at least a portion of the quenched first liquid effluent into a separator, condensing the first vapor fraction, and separating in a separator vessel the condensed vapor fraction to produce the hydrocarbon diluent and gas.

Abstract: A process for the production of high quality lube oil blending stock from atmospheric fractionation residue and waste lubricants by means of contacting the waste lubricant with a hot hydrogen-rich gaseous stream to increase the temperature of this feed stream to vaporize at least a portion of the distillable hydrocarbonaceous compounds thereby producing a distillable hydrocarbonaceous stream which is immediately hydrogenated in an integrated hydrogenation zone. The vaporization of the waste oil is also conducted in the presence of an asphalt residue which is produced in the integrated process. The resulting effluent from the integrated hydrogenation zone provides at least one high quality lube oil blending stock stream.

Abstract: A process for improving the performance of heavy oil refining units in a resid hydrotreating unit equipped for resid hydrotreating. The partially refined resid stream issuing from a train of ebullated bed reactor is first separated into high, medium, and low temperature components. The high temperature component is sent through a flash drum and then fractionated by solvent deasphalting in order to provide oil, resin, and asphaltene fractions. Thus, the asphaltene is eliminated before it can foul downstream equipment. This treatment of the heavy oil product has several benefits as compared to treating the vacuum tower bottoms. Among other things, one of these benefits is to debottleneck the resid hydrotreating unit, especially at the atmospheric tower.

Abstract: A process for the production of distillate hydrocarbon from atmospheric fractionation residue and waste lubricants by means of contacting the waste lubricant with a hot hydrogen-rich gaseous stream to increase the temperature of this feed stream to vaporize at least a portion of the distillable hydrocarbonaceous compounds thereby producing a distillable hydrocarbonaceous stream which is immediately hydrogenated in an integrated hydrogenation zone. The vaporization of the waste oil is also conducted in the presence of a vacuum fractionation residue which is produced in the integrated process. The resulting effluent from the integrated hydrogenation zone and a distillable hydrocarbon stream recovered from the atmospheric fraction residue is catalytically converted to produce lower molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds.

Abstract: A refining process uses a two or four stage solvent separator coupled to receive an incoming feedstream of low sulfur resid and a solvent. In the preferred two stage separator, the mixture at the top of the first separator stage is fed to the second stage separator via a heat exchanger. The mixture at the bottom of the first stage separator includes resins and asphaltenes which are fed to a hydrotreater and then, in turn, to a fractionator. The output from the bottom of this fractionator can be fed back to the resid feedstream of the first stage separator for recycled separation. The material at the top of the second stage separator is fed back through the heat exchanger where it helps heat the mixture fed from the top of the first to the second stage separator, this feedback recovers the solvent for reuse in the first stage. The material settling to the bottom of the second stage separator is fed into a catalytic cracker or processed elsewhere.

Abstract: The inventive solvent extraction process uses hydrotreated (HTR) and low sulfur (LSR) resids feedstreams in a single deasphalter unit and in a way that optimizes the disposition of the oils, resins, and asphaltene fractions of each resid for downstream processing. After the refractory asphaltenes are separated from the HTR feedstream, the LSR resid is introduced into the deasphalter so that its resin and asphaltene fractions are combined with the HTR resins. The oils fractions from the two resids are combined and then used as a feedstock for catalytic cracking.

Abstract: Apparatus for initiating pyrolysis of a feedstock by establishing a continuous, standing shock wave. Several embodiments of a shock wave reactor (10, 100, 150) are disclosed; each is connected to receive an ethane feedstock and a carrier fluid comprising superheated steam. The feedstock and the carrier fluid are pressurized so that they expand into parallel supersonic streams that mix due to turbulence within a mixing section (36) of a longitudinally extending channel (12) of the shock wave reactor. The carrier fluid heats the ethane feedstock as it mixes with it, producing a mixture that flows at supersonic velocity longitudinally down the channel. A gate valve (44) disposed downstream of the channel provides a controlled back pressure that affects the position of the shock wave and the residence time for the reaction. The shock wave rapidly heats the mixture above a pyrolysis temperature, producing a desired product by cracking the feedstock.

Abstract: Deasphalting heavy, asphaltic crudes before significant thermal treatment, even mild treatment which is inherent in, e.g., vacuum distillation, produces deasphalted whole crude with a reduced soluble metal content. This process is especially effective for preparing feedstocks for catalytic cracking units from heavy crudes containing large amounts of Ni and V which are porphyrin coordinated, and which are thermally unstable.

Abstract: The benzene content of hydrocarbon gasolines is accomplished by (a) fractionating at least one hydrocarbon gasoline into a light fraction A, with an increased benzene content, and a heavy fraction B, with a reduced benzene content; (b) contacting the light fraction A at a temperature below room temperature with a gas containing at least a fraction of olefins in which the number of carbon atoms is from 2 to 5 per molecule so that at least a fraction of said olefins is absorbed in light fraction A; at the end of stage (b), separating a residual gas with a reduced olefin content from a liquid fraction C, with an increased olefin content; (d) passing the fraction C from stage (c) into an alkylation reactor so that at least a fraction of the benzene is alkylated by at least a fraction of the olefins; (e) fractionating the mixture emerging from stage (d) so as to produce, firstly, a gas phase chiefly comprising gases which were not converted during stage (d) and, secondly, a liquid phase, at least partly containing

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feedstock is simultaneously distilled into two or more fractions while trace concentrations of contaminants in the feedstock are absorbed onto a sorbent packing material during distillation operation. The sorbent packings contain active metal components supported on porous refractory oxides. Such sorbent packings provide surfaces for mass transfer in the distillation process and concurrently absorb contaminants. Product boiling fractions from the absorption-distillation process are further processed over contaminant-sensitive catalysts such as reforming or isomerization catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the production of a formulated transformer oil by the process involving fractionating the product coming from a hydrocracker to produce a distillate boiling in the transformer oil range, dewaxing the fraction, optionally hydrofinishing the fraction and adding to said fraction an effective amount of anti-oxidant and/or pour point depressant. The formulated transformer oil produced by this process has properties equivalent to those of formulated naphthenic transformer oil.

Abstract: Process for producing gasoline components from a hydrocarbonaceous feed containing hydrocarbons comprising at least 4 carbon atoms, and hydrocarbons obtained thereby. The process comprises:a. separating feed into a heavy fraction containing hydrocarbons comprising at least 7 carbon atoms and a light fraction containing hydrocarbons comprising at most 7 carbon atoms,b. isomerizing at least part of the light fraction at a temperature between 50.degree. and 300.degree. C.,c. separating effluent of step b) into a stream containing branched hydrocarbons and a stream containing normal hydrocarbons, andd. isomerizing at least part of the stream containing normal hydrocarbons at a temperature which is higher than the temperature applied in step b).

Abstract: Catalytic Cracking is effected by feeding thereto (i) a deasphalted vacuum resid together with (ii) a solvent treated virgin vacuum gas oil, the two being preferably mixed prior to solvent treating.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for decreasing the energy consumption of a catalytic cracking process product recovery section while improving gasoline yield by integrating multistage vapor compression and product recovery with deacidification and conversion of C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 aliphatics to C.sub.5 + normally liquid hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for hydrocarbon fractionation and extraction making it possible to obtain a petrol with an improved octane number and a kerosene with an improved smoke point.According to the invention a charge with a final boiling point of at least 220.degree. C. is fractionated into three fractions:a light petrol containing less than 10% aromatics and boiling points at 25.degree. to 80.degree. C.,a medium petrol (80.degree. C. and at the most 150.degree. C.), whose end point is determined by a nitrogen content below 50 ppm,a heavy petrol with an end point equal to or below 220.degree. C.,be a selective liquid solvent aromatics are then extracted from the heavy petrol producing a refined product which is poured into the kerosene pool or diesel fuel,the solvent is regenerated by reextraction using light petrol so as to produce an aromatics-enriched petrol fraction with an improved octane number.

Abstract: A hydrotreating process if provided in which resid and resins are hydrotreated with hydrogen-rich gases in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst in an ebullated bed reactor.

Abstract: A process for treating an organic stream containing a non-distillable component to produce an organic vapor stream and a solid which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the organic stream containing a non-distillable component with a hydrogen-rich gaseous steam having a temperature greater than the organic stream in a flash zone at flash conditions thereby increasing the temperature of the organic stream and vaporizing at least a portion thereof to produce an organic vapor stream comprising hydrogen and a heavy stream comprising the non-distillable component; and (b) reacting at least a portion of the heavy stream comprising the non-distillable component in the presence of hydrogen in a pyrolysis zone to produce a thermally stabilized volatile organic stream comprising hydrogen and a solid.

Abstract: A method of reducing the concentration of metal contaminants, such as vanadium and nickel, in distillates of a fossil fuel feedstock is disclosed. The method comprises producing a selected distillate fraction and demetallizing this distillate by suitable means, thereby upgrading and making it suitable for use as feed to a catalytic cracker.

Abstract: A method of reducing the concentration of metal contaminants, such as vanadium and nickel, in a petroleum distillate or other hydrocarbonaceous liquid is disclosed. The method comprises demetallizing the distillate over an activated-carbon supported vanadium catalyst.

Abstract: Hydrotreating at relatively low pressure and elevated temperature followed by a selective distillation results in lighter fractions substantially free of sulfur and nitrogen. Over half of the total liquid product is suitable for sweet hydroprocessing over a noble metal catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for increasing the octane number of an FCC unit gasoline pool by upgrading selected gasoline boiling-range streams. FCC gasoline is mixed with the feed to a light olefin upgrading reactor. Upgraded gasoline is then fractionated in an existing FCC gas plant.

Abstract: A process is provided in which solvent-extracted oil or other deasphalted oil derived from hydrotreated resid is catalytically cracked to increase the yield of gasoline and other high value products.

Abstract: A process for converting a gas oil range petroleum feedstock into lighter petroleum products by:(a) charging the gas oil range petroleum feedstock and hydrogen to a first fixed bed hydrocracking zone containing a hydrocracking catalyst at hydrocracking conditions to produce a first hydrocracking zone product stream;(b) separating the first fixed bed hydrocracking zone product stream in a fractionation zone into a petroleum products stream and a bottoms stream;(c) charging the bottoms stream and hydrogen to a second fixed bed hydrocracking zone containing a hydrocracking catalyst at hydrocracking conditions to produce a second fixed bed hydrocracking zone product stream;(d) cooling the second fixed bed hydrocracking zone product stream to a temperature below about 250.degree. F.;(e) recycling a first portion of the cooled second fixed bed hydrocracking zone product stream to the fractionation zone; removing materials having a boiling range from about 500.degree. to about 650.degree. F.

Abstract: A process for reforming a hydrocarbon fraction having a limited proportion of C.sub.9 + hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon fraction is separated into a light fraction and a heavy fraction, the light fraction containing less than 10% by volume of C.sub.9 + hydrocarbon. The light fraction is reformed in the presence of a monofunctional catalyst, and the heavy fraction is reformed in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst.

Abstract: Waste oil is treated in a tubular reactor having a length of up to and in excess of 2 km in a plurality of stages each of which involves heating the product to a different temperature and maintaining the product at a different pressure. The released fractions are evacuated from the path for the flow of waste oil and are immediately condensed and distilled to yield a variety of products from oil having a low boiling point to coke. One or more withdrawn fractions can be treated (for example, hydrogenated) in one or more discrete tubular reactors. The heating can involve raising the temperature of waste oil to several times the critical cracking temperature, and the regulation of pressure can involve a reduction of pressure to less than 1 mbar. The last stage of the reactor can be cleaned by abrasive particles, by vibration at high frequencies and/or by acceleration of the conveyed stream to an elevated speed.

Abstract: A dual riser cracking operation in combination with sequential stages of catalyst regeneration in which the second regeneration stage is a riser regenerator is described in combination with deep solvent deasphalting a vacuum resid. The deasphalted resid is subjected to hydrogenation treatment prior to cracking thereof in a riser cracking zone in admixture with a heavy vacuum gas oil which may or may not be hydrogenated prior to cracking thereof. Lower boiling fractions of the crude oil are subjected to catalytic cracking in a separate riser cracking zone. Partially regenerated catalyst of dense fluid bed regeneration may be employed in the heavy oil feed riser cracking operation charged with deasphalted oil. The partially regenerated catalyst may be used alone or in combination with more completely regenerated catalyst of the riser regeneration operation.

Abstract: A spindle oil is hydrotreated and then hydrodewaxed in the presence of a catalyst containing at least 70 percent by weight of an intermediate pore molecular sieve in the support so as to produce a selected fraction having a low pour point and viscosity comparable to the original spindle oil, said fraction being then suitable as a "cutter stock" for lowering the pour point of fuel oils.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon chargestock (11) is separated by distillation (12, 16), e.g. at least in part under reduced pressure, into a conversion feedstream (22, 24) and a vacuum residuum (17). The feedstream is converted at an elevated temperature in a conversion unit (25), e.g. a fluidized catalytic cracking system, to high temperature conversion products (26) which are passed into the bottom region of the lower portion (27) of a fractionation tower (28). The vacuum residuum (17) is passed (via 50) into the top of the lower portion (27) of the fractionation tower (28).

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for catalytically manufacturing a low pour point petroleum product from distillates of crude oil, and more particularly to a method for economically manufacturing a low pour point petroleum product, such as the insulating oil, the lubricating oil used for various types of freezing devices, or the base oil for such lubricating oil, from a paraffin-based crude oil as the starting material without using any special rare crude oil such as naphthene-based crude oil. The catalyst comprises zeolite TSZ.

Abstract: A method for reducing the nitrogen content of shale oil is disclosed. The method comprises distilling shale oil to form a distillate containing lighter shale oil compounds and a residue containing heavier compounds. Nitrogen-containing compounds are extracted from the distillate to form a first nitrogen-lean raffinate and a first nitrogen-rich extract. Nitrogen-containing compounds are also extracted from the residue to form a second nitrogen-lean raffinate and a second nitrogen-rich extract. The second nitrogen-lean raffinate is hydro-treated to further reduce its nitrogen content.

Abstract: A method for catalytically cracking different fractions of crude oil with a zeolite containing catalyst in separate riser regeneration zone followed by sequential regeneration of catalyst particles in separate riser regeneration zones is described wherein the hydrocarbon vapor-catalyst suspension of hydrocarbon conversion is discharged downwardly from a half circle centrifugal separation conduit comprising the riser upper discharge section, second stage riser regeneration of catalyst is discharged downwardly from a half circle centrifugal separation section into the top of a high temperature catalyst recovery zone provided with cyclone separation zones external thereto. The first stage upflow riser regeneration zone is effected with oxygen lean gas and steam in an amount equal to, more or less, than the oxygen containing gas whereby the regeneration temperature is restricted from exceeding a desired upper temperature limit with or without promoting the water gas shift reaction.

Abstract: An absorbent hydrocarbonaceous oil comprising contaminants, such as sulfur and/or nitrogen, is upgraded by subjecting the contaminated absorbent oil to hydrorefining. The upgraded absorbent may be utilized again as absorbent.