Abstract: An improved extraction apparatus comprises (a) an elongated trough-like vessel; (b) first and second inlets for introducing relatively heavy and light materials, respectively, into the vessel; (c) first and second outlets for removing relatively light and heavy materials, respectively, from the vessel; (d) a plurality of horizontally spaced parallel plate assemblies located in the vessel to provide for material separation based on material density and to provide the relatively light and heavy materials to be removed from the vessel; and (e) a plurality of agitation devices, at least one device being located in each space between the parallel plate assemblies to facilitate contact between the materials present in the space.Improved methods for extraction are also disclosed.

Abstract: This apparatus and method consists of serially or in parallel of contacting a contaminated water countercurrently with air, preferably containing ozone, to remove dissolved organics from the water. It is also desirable to pass the treated water through a carbon adsorbent bed prior to use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for use in a sewage sludge treatment system comprising a hyperbaric vessel including sludge inlet means for conveying sludge to the vessel to be accumulated in a lower portion of the vessel, a sludge delivery means having a discharge end for delivering sludge particles from the lower portion to an upper portion of the vessel, oxygen inlet means for delivering oxygen to the upper portion of the vessel to oxygenate the sludge particles at a hyperatmospheric pressure therein, the oxygenated particles falling to and being collected in the lower portion of the vessel, gas outlet means for removing gas from the upper portion of the vessel, a sludge outlet means for rapidly removing the oxygenated sludge from the lower portion of the vessel using the pressurized oxygen as a propellant, the sludge outlet means comprising a discharge pipe connected to the lower portion of the vessel for conducting sludge to a separation apparatus, and a rapidly opening valve means controll

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for reacting a solution of a precipitating medium of alkaline metal chlorides at a fixed rate of delivery with plasma continuously separated from blood, filtering the precipitate formed by the reaction, removing the solution of precipitating medium from the plasma following the use of the medium, adjusting the purified treated plasma, and returning the purified plasma to the blood in an amount equivalent to that of the continuously separated plasma. To enhance the precipitative separating action of alkaline metal chloride on plasma protein without detracting from the advantages of the alkaline metal chloride, use is made of a solution of precipitating medium comprising a mixture of the alkaline metal chloride and an amino acid, the latter being added in an amount sufficient to promote the precipitating effect of the alkaline metal chloride.

Abstract: Device and method for cleaning waste water, wherein the waste water (19) and oxygen gas (31) are flowing in opposite directions through a cylindrical multireactor (20) having a central rotatable pipe (24), the multireactor comprising a number of bioreactors and at least one separation chamber (75). The average pressure difference between two successive bioreactors is at most seven meter water column. The bioreactors are separated from each other by stationary walls (40, 41, 48, 55, 60), and each bioreactor has its own mixing device (50) for mixing waste water and oxygen gas.

Abstract: A waste water control method and means comprising three basic units, a first unit including a flush booth wherein a radiator, or the like, may be exteriorly sprayed and/or interiorly flushed in the usual manner, and a multi-compartmented sump arranged for receiving the fluid draining from the spraying and/or flushing operation; a second unit including a first settling compartment wherein the fluid from the sump is received for a separation of heavy particles or components of the fluid from lighter components thereof, the lighter components of the fluid being directed to a first holding compartment for a chemical bath treatment thereof to substantially eliminate undesirable organic matter from the fluid; and a third unit including a second settling compartment for receiving the fluid from the first holding compartment to provide a final separation of heavier components of the fluid from the lighter components thereof, and a second holding compartment in communication with the second settling compartment for re

Abstract: There is provided in accordance with practice of this invention a process for separating protein fractions from a solution containing proteins and an apparatus for practicing the process. The process and apparatus involve withdrawing from a suspension tank a portion of the suspension contained therein to form a recycle stream. The withdrawn suspension forming the recycle stream contains particles of a selected protein fraction precipitated from a solution containing proteins. Fresh protein solution comprising proteins of the selected protein fraction is mixed into the recycle stream to form a mixed recycle stream. At least a portion of the selected protein fraction proteins in the fresh protein solution precipitate onto previously precipitated selected protein fraction particles suspended in the mixed recycle stream. The mixed recycle stream is introduced back into the suspension tank.

Abstract: An aeration tank comprising a mixing vessel having starting and end zones. The mixing tank has water-jet aeration columns and communicates with a sludge separator provided with an outlet of recyclable sludge communicable with a circulation pump connected through a pressure pipe line to the aeration columns. There is also provided a regeneration chamber communicated with the outlet of recyclable sludge of the sludge separator and with the end zone of the mixing vessel, and a chamber for deoxygenation of the sludge medium having an inlet of waste water and communicating with the regeneration chamber and with the starting zone of the mixing vessel. A suction pipeline of the pump communicates with the chamber for deoxygeneation of the sludge medium and with the starting zone of the mixing vessel.

Abstract: Coal particles are agglomerated in pulp water of coal particles by agitating the pulp water in the presence of a binder, which comprises conducting agglomeration in a plurality of zones, the zones being communicated one after another, and transferring the pulp water from one zone to another while agitating the pulp water in each zone and increasing a pulp concentration of the pulp water from one zone to another. Agitating power for the agglomeration is reduced with the successively increasing pulp concentration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for the catalytic oxidation purification of waste water inside a reaction vessel. The vessel includes a front wall, a back wall, two side walls interconnecting the front and back wall and a bottom. The waste water is admitted into the vessel through admitting means located on the front wall and discharged through discharge means located on the back wall. The vessel is divided into a plurality of compartments each of which includes a pair of risers which are divided by a plurality of partitions to form a plurality of sub-chambers. The partitions include an oscillatable flap or, alternatively, are tilted in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of the water in the vessel. In this manner, entrapment of the catalyst particles is prevented.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for removing heavy metals as sulfides from aqueous liquids. The aqueous liquid is introduced into a circulating liquid loop wherein there are established a mixing zone, a controlled precipitation initiating zone, a crystal growing zone and a crystal settling zone. The aqueous feed liquid containing H S dissolved therein and at a pH below that at which the sulfide is precipitated is mixed in the loop with a pH-adjusting liquid; and the degree of supersaturation with respect to the metal sulfide is maintained within the controlled precipitation initiating and crystal growing zones in the metastable condition so that the growth rate of the metal sulfide crystals remains greater than under uncontrolled conditions vis-a-vis the nucleation rate to effect the production of metal sulfide crystals of a character which makes it possible to separate them through clarification and filtration.

Abstract: A process for treating wastewaters with a powdered adsorbent and one or more fixed media filters, wherein biological oxidation occurs. The adsorbent is optionally regenerated and reused. In multistage operation, adsorbent is contacted with wastewater in stagewise countercurrent flow, through each fixed media filter and subsequent clarifier, or through clarifier only.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for the conditioning of sludges comprising two vertically arranged cylindrical vessels. An overflow pipe connecting the two cylindrical vessels is installed tangentially to the upper portions of the cylindrical vessels and may be provided with a detachable coupling. A sludge feed pipe is connected to the first cylindrical vessel and is installed in a direction tangentially opposite the overflow pipe above the bottom of the first vessel. A feed tube is installed tangentially into the sludge feed pipe. Two additional feed tubes are installed tangentially into the overflow pipe. A discharge pipe is installed in a direction tangentially opposite the overflow pipe above the bottom of the second vessel.

Abstract: Waste disposal apparatus suitable for the collection of waste from a vacuum sewer system, which comprises a tank (1) having a waste inlet (2) and a waste outlet (10, 12) and means (4) for reducing pressure in the tank such that, in use, the waste inlet is above the level of waste in the tank and reduced pressure is maintained above the waste level and waste can thereby be drawn through the waste inlet, in which the tank further comprises an air inlet (6) through which air can be caused to pass into, and thereby cause aerobic digestion of, waste in the tank.

Abstract: A submersible water clarifier for use in a flowing stream is disclosed which has at least one longitudinally elongated conduit which has an open end which opens in a downstream direction in use and a settling chamber extending inwardly from the open end. The settling chamber has a floor toward which sediment settles in use and the improvement of the present invention is in the provision of a sediment removal passage opening through the floor through which sediment may be removed from the chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying BOD-containing water by the action of activated sludge, which includes a vessel for containing activated sludge-containing liquid, and an aerator which is installed in the vessel. The aerator has a bubbler which successively takes out the liquid in the vessel for causing the liquid to absorb oxygen, and a settler which calmly returns the oxygen-rich liquid into the vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating sewage to obtain substantially complete organic matter substrate and biological sludge oxidation prior to effluent discharge in a treatment system comprising a series of treatment chambers in a single unit; each treatment chamber having a generally circular peripheral crosssectional configuration, conduit means in each treatment chamber for directing the flow of mixed liquor in each chamber, gas supply means for supplying an oxygen containing gas to each treatment chamber so as to cause a continuous flow pattern of mixed liquor in the treatment chamber; inlet means for supplying raw sewage to the first treatment chamber of the series; outlet means for withdrawing clarified effluent from the last treatment chamber of the series; and fluid communication means for providing fluid communication between an intermediate top portion of each successive treatment chamber of the series.

Abstract: An apparatus for enriching dissolved oxygen in water which comprises a plurality of dissolving devices, each of which comprises: (a) a pair of vertically arranged tubular bodies, the lower end of the first tubular body being provided with an inlet through which raw water is introduced and the lower end of the second tubular body being provided with an outlet for discharging oxygen enriched water; (b) a tube connecting the interior of both tubular bodies at the central portions thereof; (c) a bubbler disposed in the interior of the first tubular body for flowing an oxygen enriched gas into the raw water and for moving the raw water into the second tubular body through the connecting tube; (d) a pipe for connecting the top portions of the tubular bodies which form a chamber for the gas above the liquid level of the raw water in each of the tubular bodies; (e) a means for supplying an oxygen enriched gas into the chamber in the second tubular body; and (f) a means for supplying the gas in the chambers to the bub

Abstract: An apparatus for treating sewage to obtain substantially complete organic matter substrate and biological sludge oxidation prior to effluent discharge in a treatment system comprising a series of treatment units; each unit having a generally circular cross-sectional configuration defining a treatment chamber, baffle means in the treatment chamber for directing the flow of mixed liquor in the chamber, gas supply means for supplying an oxygen containing gas to the treatment chamber so as to cause a continuous semi-circular flow pattern of mixed liquor in the treatment chamber; inlet means for supplying raw sewage to the first unit of the series; outlet means for withdrawing clarified effluent from the last unit of the series; and fluid communication means for providing fluid communication between an intermediate top portion of each successive unit of the series.

Abstract: A system for composting solid waste material wherein in initial treatment stages an optimum particle size is developed at a comminution station following which through an initial air classification arrangement, heavy inorganic materials are segregated to the extent that aluminum, glass and paper characterized products are removed for recycling purposes. A characterizing feature of the invention resides in the development of an optimized moisture content or digestible classified size optimized material at a relatively early stage prior to maceration developing a pulpous substance for digestion. A pug-mill arrangement is utilized for adding optimized moisture prior to digestion and maceration and a cage-mill is utilized for the maceration stage of the process.

Abstract: A device for purifying water in small sewer systems (e.g. a system connected to one or a few family houses) includes means for automatic addition of a chemically active liquid to the water passing through the device. The invention eliminates the need of any movable parts by using two siphon tubes controlling the liquid supply. One of the siphon tubes is traversed by the sewer water and the corresponding flow generates a suction which is relied upon to transfer the chemically active liquid through the second siphon tube.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the precipitation of human blood plasma components characterized in that the initial blood plasma and the precipitating agent are continuously introduced into a precipitation container in an adjusted relationship but separated with simultaneous control of the required pH values. The suspension of the individual precipitants is conveyed across a delay station and then separated. The delay station includes a flow passageway connecting the precipitation container to a separating means, with the flow passageway being so constructed as to permit substantially laminar flow of fluid therethrough. Means are also present in the flow passageway for changing the residence time of fluid therein by permitting selective variation of the length of the flow passageway.

Abstract: A waste water treatment system for the renovation of waste water includes a four stage treatment for removal of gross solids, suspended, colloidal and dissolved organic matter, dissolved nitrogenous material, phosphates odor, color, coliform and residual solids.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for use in carrying out liquid-liquid extraction techniques, which apparatus includes an extraction column containing a unique solvent sorbing packing material, namely a plurality or bundle of elongated fibrous strands having first and second end portions, the strands being capable of sorbing a desired solvent; the apparatus also includes a separation zone in communication with the second end of the plurality of fibrous strands, means for feeding a first or heavy solvent phase through the bundle of fibrous strands so as to be sorbed by said strands, and subsequently into the separation zone, means for feeding a second or light solvent phase into the separation zone and thence through the annular spaces of the column, around the fibrous strands contained therein, means for recovering the light solvent phase from the first end of said bundle and means for recovering said heavy solvent phase from said separation zone.

Abstract: An apparatus for biological and chemical purification of water by agglomeration having a number of parallel, horizontal tanks, aligned side by side, the length of which is larger than their diameter, with inclined conduits advantageously tangential to both adjacent tanks connecting said tanks. The space determined by the inclined walls, adjacent upper parts of the mantles of the tanks, and by front and rear walls serve as a separating space for separating the floccular suspension from the purified water.

Abstract: A system for cleanup of waste waters of the type characteristically produced in food-processing operations. Such waste waters typically contain significant amounts of fat and grease materials of animal and plant origin together with other contaminants. Such a starting waste water is charged to the system at a non-uniform rate as generated and is continuously first chemically treated in two successive zones, then is passed into a quiescent holding zone wherein settling can occur and wherein variations in waste water input volume or output volume can be smoothed out. Fluid from the bottom regions of such holding zone is continuously charged at a uniform rate to an operating rotary vacuum filter assembly to accomplish separation of solids. The product water is highly purified.

Abstract: The fluid to be treated is directed along a main flow path and past a flow-off edge on the concave side of the main flow path to produce a stationary whirl at least contacting the main fluid flow and in which suspended matter is separated from the fluid, by centrifugal force, to provide purified fluid. At selected locations in the stationary whirl, a selected one of the purified fluid and the suspended matter is separated and withdrawn from the stationary whirl. The non-separated portion of the fluid volume, whose suspended matter content is now changed, is returned into the main flow. The geometric form of the whirl axis is selected in accordance with the particular requirements of each installation. Thus, starting from a simple cylindrical configuration, the whirl may take any form having a curvilinear axis, even an annular form with a circular axis.