Abstract: An arrangement for collecting blood from a source of blood employs a filter chamber having a substantially predefined volume for accumulating the collected blood, and first and second access ports for receiving the collected blood and for venting the filter chamber, respectively. A protamine filter is arranged within the filter chamber, and preferably is formed of regenerated cellulose hollow fibers which have been activated with CNBr and have protamine immobilized thereon. The amount of protamine immobilized thereon is controlled in a variety of ways, prior to installation and sealing of the filter element within the filter chamber. In a practical embodiment, the first port of the filter chamber is coupled to a conventional cannula needle for communicating transdermally with a living being or through a membrane of a blood storage container. The second port is coupled to a conventional syringe which applies a suction for facilitating withdrawal of the blood.

Abstract: There is provided between a concentrate tank and a membrane filter a circulating line which consists of a feed line and a return line. It is also possible to use an ultrafilter as the membrane filter. There is provided a leveling tube connected by respective pipes to the concentrate tank at top and bottom portions thereof, respectively. A buoy floats within the leveling tube and a position of this buoy is detected by means of transparency of the leveling tube itself or photosensors in order to detect a degree of concentration of the culture fluid progressing within the concentrate tank. There may be provided multi-stage circulating lines each connecting the associated concentrate tank to the associated membrane filter so that the culture fluid can be transferred during the process of concentration from the stage of the largest volume treatment to the state of the least volume treatment in order to concentrate the culture fluid more efficiently.

Abstract: A water purification system including a constant current electrical control system for providing a constant electric current between an anode and cathode in contaminated variable resistance water flowing between the anode and cathode, and a filtering system to remove the clustered particles after the water passes between the cathode and anode. The anode is encircled by a cathode screen with a fluid flow pattern between the anode and cathode to aid the function of the constant current system. In the preferred embodiment, the constant electric current between the anode and cathode is provided by an electrical circuit having an adjustable voltage regulator with the output of the regulator connected to the drain of a Field Effect Transistor, F.E.T., and with the control terminal of the voltage regulator connected to the source of the F.E.T. In addition, the source of the F.E.T. is connected to the anode of the device and the gate of the F.E.T.

Abstract: An aquarium water purification system comprises a porous or slotted platform raised from the bottom of the aquarium. A low density foam member having land areas and openings therein is affixed to the bottom of the platform. The foam member promotes bacterial retention and growth thereon of waste metabolizing bacteria. Means are also provided to circulate the water from the aquarium through the foam member and through an external filter.

Abstract: Apparatus for collecting blood components including a supply line that is connected to a blood line and has a filter on it to permit passage of supply solution (e.g., anticoagulant or saline prime) and blocks passage of bacteria.

Abstract: A corrosion product monitoring system and method are described using a recirculation loop including a sample line, a particulate collection vessel, a recirculating pump, a microporous membrane "cross-flow" filter, and valves to control the flow rate and pressure of a fluid sample taken from the secondary fluid system of a nuclear power plant. The liquid sample is processed at a constant flow rate and temperature. When a relatively short time has elapsed in a trial sample run to stabilize conditions in the sample line, an actual sample run is started by feeding sample into the loop. Non-soluble, particulate concentration increases in the filter and particulate collection vessel as the run progresses. The permeate of soluble contaminants is passed through an ion exchange column to concentrate soluble ions in the sample. The filter is backwashed on a timed cycle by filtered water pressurized by a pump, or gas pressure, by realigning the system valves.

Abstract: Engine lubricating oil is removed from the engine sump, passed through a strainer and pumped at superatmospheric pressure through a heater to raise the temperature to 150.degree.-180.degree. F., a portion of the heated pressurized oil is passed through a filter and to the oil sending unit of the engine while the remainder of the heated pressurized oil is refined by filtering to remove particles above 5 microns and to vaporize and remove vaporizable contaminants; the refined oil being returned at atmospheric pressure by gravity to the engine sump.

Abstract: A dry cleaning solvent recovery and filtering system includes a dry cleaning solvent tank containing solvent for use in a dry cleaning machine. A filtration path from the tank includes a centrifugal separator for removing coarse debris and a filter element for removing fine debris from the solvent fluid. The filter element includes a perforated metal cylinder, having an open mouth, with a Teflon.RTM. coated screen forming the interior debris collection surface. A rinsing spray nozzle situated at the mouth of the filter element directs a fluid spray under pressure against the collection surface in the same direction that debris contaminated solvent fluid flows therethrough. The pressure of the fluid spray is sufficient to dislodge fine debris adhered to the collection surface without forcing the debris into the perforations of the filter element.

Abstract: A dialysis system operates to supply dialysate to a dialyzer from a feed chamber in response to a reduction in the volume of the feed chamber, and to recover used dialysate which is flowed out from the dialyzer into a recovery chamber in response to an increase in the volume of the recovery chamber. The increase in the volume of the recovery chamber is greater in magnitude than the magnitude of a reduction in the volume of the feed chamber, with a difference therebetween being effective to control the amount of ultrafiltration. At least two sets of feed chambers and recovery chambers may be provided, and a supply of the dialysate from the other feed chamber may be initiated before the supply from one of the feed chambers is completed, thus allowing the dialysate to be continuously supplied to the dialyzer.

Abstract: A device and method for permitting the separation of plasma or serum from whole blood. The device comprises a matrix of hydrophilic sintered porous material to which at least one red blood cell agglutinating agent has been applied. According to a first method of using the device, a sample of whole blood is applied to a first end of the matrix and the red blood cells within the sample come in contact with the agglutinating agents present in the matrix. The blood cells agglutinate, and are entrapped in the interstices of the matrix, while substantially blood-cell-free serum or plasma accumulates near the outlet of the device. A filter means in liquid receiving relationship with the matrix functions to wick the serum or plasma from the matrix.According to an alternative aspect of the invention, a filter means in liquid receiving relationship with the outlet of the matrix functions to retain any blood cells which pass through the matrix is the filter means wicks the plasma or serum from the matrix.

Abstract: An artifical hybrid organ or gland is formed from two serially-interconnected chambers, the first of which comprises an ultrafiltration chamber which forms an ultrafiltrate from the blood stream applied to it and the second of which comprises a cell exchange chamber which, though immunologically isolated by microporous membranes, receives both the bloodstream and the ultrafiltrate and which rapidly exchanges selected constituents with both before they recombine in order to provide a corrected physiological response to constituents in the blood. Additionally, an optional excretory duct may be employed to channel a portion of the treated ultrafiltrate away from the bloodstream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of purifying contaminated liquids employing a particulate filter and a membrane in combination. The particulate filter and membrane are disposed in a unitary container with the membrane being located downstream of the particulate filter. During the process of purifying a contaminated liquid, the membrane causes a back pressure to be exerted on the particulate filter thereby providing substantially even flow of liquid through the particulate filter and minimizing problems associated with uneven flow such as channeling, piping, purging and tunneling. An improved method for cleaning the liquid purification apparatus is also disclosed. The cleaning method preferably employs a gas such as air for scouring the particulate filter and the membrane in a single operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for continually separating water and water souble substances and hydrocarbons and/or halogenated hydrocarbons from contaminated water includes first and second separator modules (12,14) for separating a water and water soluble substance permeate and pure hydrocarbon and halogenated hydrocarbon permeate from a contaminated water retentate. A fluid conducting circuit: (a) conducts water contaminated with hydrocarbons and/or halogenated hydrocarbons to the first separator module (12), (b) conducts a portion of the first contaminated retentate and a portion of a second contaminated retentate back to the first separator module (12) (c) and conducts another portion of the first contaminated retentate and another portion of the second contaminated retentate to the second separator module (14). The invention provides a method of utilizing the apparatus for continuously separating water and hydrocarbons and/or halogenated hydrocarbons from contaminated water.

Abstract: Disposal container structure for the disposal of waste radioactive materials includes inner structure comprising a cover member with an inlet port and an annular seal surface portion, and depending filter structure attached to the cover structure that includes circumferential side wall structure and bottom wall structure that defines an enclosed chamber volume in which waste materials are introduced for storage therein through the inlet port. The container structure further includes outer structure that has circumferential side wall structure corresponding in shape to the filter structure of the inner structure, bottom wall structure that defines a chamber for receiving the filter structure of the inner component, and annular seal surface structure formed on the side wall structure for mating with seal surface structure of the inner structure to seal the storage chamber volume defined by the filter structure.

Abstract: Discloses apparatus for separating the solids from a liquid of a sludge or slurry which includes a slurry source, a slurry container receiving slurry from the source and a filter cage removably mounted inside the container. The filter cage includes a cage frame, a supported screen liner mounted within the cage and a filter liner removably fitted inside the liner. The container has a liquid drainage conduit removably connected to a suction device for removing liquid from the drainage chamber. The container is constructed and adapted to be picked up, carried about, and tilted to remove solid material deposited within the filter cage. The filter cage is constructed and adapted to be hoisted up out of the container and separately moved about and tilted to remove solids deposited within the filter cage. A liquid injection apparatus may be provided for injecting a selected amount of a flocculating agent into the slurry received into the container to cause flocculation of solid particles in the slurry.

Abstract: An activated sludge treatment apparatus in which waste water is introduced into a sludge tank and an activated sludge treatment is performed in said sludge tank, the improvement characterized in that a ceramic filter is provided in a passage through which waste water as effluent from said sludge tank is to be passed, and the waste water is allowed to pass through the interior of said ceramic filter and thereby separated into activated sludge and treatment water.

Abstract: Heavy oil production results in oily sand waste products, the disposal of which presents a problem. Since the oily sand causes rapid wear on heavy oil treatment equipment, it is important to deal with the problem early in the treatment process. For this reason recovery of the bulk of the sand is effected at the so-called free water knockout, which is a tank operating at atmospheric pressure for removing free water and sand from the heavy oil. Sand drops to the bottom of the tank. Oil separates from the water, rises to the top of the tank and overflows to the next piece of treatment equipment. Water is siphoned from the bottom of the tank and fed to a water disposal plant. The apparatus described herein includes a pump for feeding a sand slurry from the bottom of the tank to hydrocyclones, dewatering screens to which fresh water is added to clean the sand and remove additional moisture therefrom, and a hopper for receiving the clean sand.

Abstract: The overall mass transport efficiency of hollow fiber membrane separation cells is increased by introducing segmented flow into the bores of the fibers. The invention is preferably practiced by dispersing a gas segmentation phase into a continuous liquid phase and feeding the dispersion into the bores of the fibers to form alternating flowing segments of gas and liquid.

Abstract: A hemodialysis apparatus includes a sterile filter whose outlet, which is usually closed, is connected to a line leading to a discharge outlet in wherein a bypass valve is employed which can be opened at predetermined intervals both during treatment and during flushing operations. The sterile filter has a primary chamber and a secondary chamber. When the bypass valve is opened during treatment, dialysis solution flows out of the primary chamber of the sterile filter and flushes the pyrogens and particles disposed on the membranes of the filter into the discharge. No sterilizating filtration of the dialysis solution takes place through the pores of the membrane because the flow resistance present in the adjoining dialyzer, in conjunction with a degree of clogging of the pores, prevents such a flow. A ventilation means may be provided whereby the bypass circuit of the sterile filter can be ventilated. The bypass circuit may also be employed for a pressure retaining test.

Abstract: A hemopurification apparatus includes a porous membrane permeable to gas but impermeable to liquid and dividing a container into two mutually-isolated compartments. The apparatus is adapted to remove water from blood by causing the blood to flow through one of the compartments and a fluid, the water vapor pressure of which is lower than that of the blood, to flow through the other compartment, whereby a portion of the water in the blood is allowed to pass as water vapor through the porous membrane.

Abstract: In a method for decreasing the alcohol content of alcohol-containing beverages, particularly wine or sparkling wine, according to the reverse osmosis process, extract substances are added to the dealcoholized beverage. In order to avoid addition of foreign water to the beverage, the alcohol-containing permeate obtained by reverse osmosis from the beverage subjected to dealcoholization is distilled in a vacuum. The permeate water produced therefrom is re-fed to the beverage subjected to the dealcoholization. The amount of permeate distillate removed from the beverage subjected to dealcoholization by the reverse osmosis and subsequent vacuum distillation, which essentially consists of alcohol, is fed to the beverage subjected to the dealcoholization in the form of water, which has also been obtained by vacuum distillation from an additional beverage. In this manner, particularly high quality sparkling wine may be produced.

Abstract: Heparin in an extracorporeal blood flow circuit is removed from the blood flow with the use of a filter which contains immobilized protamine on a blood-compatible support. In medical procedures where blood is processed in an extracorporeal device, such as an artificial kidney, or a heart-lung machine, the blood is heparinized to prevent clotting thereof in the channels of the extracorporeal device, and the formation of thrombi. In accordance with the invention, the processed, heparinized blood is conducted to a filter arrangement wherein protamine is held immobilized on a support formed of a blood-compatible material. Such an arrangement actually removes heparin from the blood rather than merely negates the anticoagulation effects of the heparin, as is the case in conventional protamine infusion therapy. In the present invention, the extracorporeal blood which is returned to the patient is substantially free of both heparin and protamine.

Abstract: A centrifuge system for removing impurities from metal working coolant. The centrifuge of the system includes a liquid inlet, a first liquid outlet for high density liquid, a second liquid outlet for low density liquid, a discharge means for a shoot of particulate material, and a pressure port for receiving liquid under pressure to cause the shoot. A line receives high density liquid from the first liquid outlet. The line discharges into a tank. A branch line connects the line to the pressure port. A valve in the line can stop flow to the tank. When the valve is closed, pressure at the pressure port is increased to cause the shoot.

Abstract: A system is provided for washing down equipment, aircraft and vehicles used in the application of pesticides on crops, and accumulating the wash water with its dissolved contaminants. The wash water is passed through an activated charcoal filter to remove the contaminants, and the filtered water is then converted to steam, which is also run through a second activated charcoal filter so that, with the double filtration system, only pure steam is vented into the atmosphere.

Abstract: Separation apparatus capable of separating plasma into high molecular weight substances and low molecular weight substances containing albumin, regardless of whether plasma is obtained by separation of corpuscular components in a continuous centrifugal separator or in a batch-type centrifugal separator. The apparatus comprises a filtration membrane module, a plasma feeding circuit connecting the centrifugal separator with the filtration membrane module, a plasma return circuit for returning to a patient purified plasma freed of high molecular weight substances, a supplemental fluid circuit for supplying additional fluid to the plasma return circuit, and a condensed plasma discharge circuit for disposal of high molecular weight substances. The apparatus is controlled independently of the centrifugal separator.

Abstract: The modification of a diffusion barrier by the deposition of one or more inorganic species within the pores and on to the surfaces of said diffusion barrier to form an immobilized crystalline lattice barrier or molecular grid having substantially uniform permeability and to select and separate different ionic species, giving a high efficiency of separation with a low energy input. The diffusion barrier is characterized by one or more units, each incorporating a tubular housing with a bundle of porous hollow fibres therein, arranged in the axial direction of the housing. The inorganic crystalline lattice is exemplified by barium sulphate (BaSO.sub.4) formed by the interdiffusion of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH).sub.2) and sulphuric acid (H.sub.2 SO.sub.4) solutions, or, alternatively, co-precipitated aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH).sub.2) and barium sulphate (BaSO.sub.4) formed by the interdiffusion of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH).sub.2) and aluminum sulphate (Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3) solutions.

Abstract: A water purification system having a first pressure vessel containing a reverse-osmosis filter and a second separate pressure vessel containing an activated carbon prefilter operatively connected in series and upstream of the first pressure vessel by means of a common header. The activated carbon prefilter includes a particulate trap upstream of the activated carbon to trap sediment carried in the unpurified water. The particulate trap is compressible under operational water pressures attained in the system when the trap becomes clogged with sediment, which serves to crack or break away from the surface thereof particle accumulations clogging the trap, permitting flow to continue through the trap into the activated carbon and, subsequently, through the reverse-osmosis filter element.

Abstract: A water treatment or processor device for household use or commercial use (for example, in a restaurant) is provided with fail-safe features in accordance with this invention to shut the treatment device "off" when an element thereof has become ineffective, such as the saturation of an adsorption element or the clogging of a filter element. Once the device is turned "off", it cannot be restarted until the depleted element has been replaced.

Abstract: A filter and water separator for use with liquid hydrocarbons such as aircraft fuel includes a horizontally directed housing and within the housing a first set of filtering and coalescing elements connected to the inlet port of the housing and a parallel arranged set of separating elements arranged parallel to the filtering elements and communicating with the outlet ports in the housing. Each separating element is provided in its interior with a coaxially arranged hollow cylinder communicating at one end with the outlet port and having an inlet opening at its opposite end. The cylindrical wall of the hollow cylinder is formed with a plurality of inlet openings, the combined cross-section of which increases from the end face inlet opening toward the outlet port.

Abstract: A magnetic filter module and system embodying the same for removing magnetic materials from lubricating oils used in hydraulic systems such as supplying oil to hydraulic excavators. The filter module includes one or more filter elements each having an elongate cartridge, a plurality of permanent magnets disposed about the cartridge and a plurality of non-magnetic spacers disposed about the cartridge between the permanent magnets.

Abstract: A dialysis instrument having a pump located on the dialysate side of a dialyzer for moving body fluids. A disposable cartridge mounted to a main frame includes containers of calcium chloride, priming solution, water, sorbent column, dialysate reservoir bag and potassium/hydrogen citrate reinfusate reservoir. A plurality of monitors detect the status of the flow of fluids and process of dialysis and provide data for the operation of a plurality of pumps and clamps to control the direction of flow of various fluids. The entire instrument is mounted on a scale to detect weight change due to the difference between inflow and outflow of body fluids.

Abstract: A solar water conditioning apparatus for a fishpond which includes a top container and a lower container interconnected by an elongated member. The top container is adapted for exposure to the atmosphere and the bottom container is adapted to be immersed in the fishpond. On the top of the top container is provided a device for converting solar energy into electric power which actuates a motor so as to operate an air pump to introduce fresh air into a hollow column which has its lower portion embedded in a filtering medium of the bottom container and has its upper portion extended outward from the bottom container. The apparatus not only replenishes the amount of oxygen dissolved but also filtrates some polluting material.

Abstract: A nitric acid solution of spent fuel is primarily clarified by a centrifugal clarifier so as to separate insoluble fission particles each having a size of 1.04 .mu.m or more from the solution. The primary clarified liquid is again clarified by a pulse filter device so as to remove small particles each having a size between 0.8 .mu.m and 1.04 .mu.m. The filter removes particles having a size smaller than a critical particle size of the centrifugal clarifier. Therefore, the centrifugal clarifier removes most of the fission product particles, and the filter device removes only the small fission particles. The replacement frequency of the filter is decreased, and the small particles are removed to obtain a high-quality clarified liquid.

Abstract: An oil cleaning assembly for an engine comprising a centrifugal separator and a filter which are both releasably connected at one end to a mounting means and which both have an oil inlet and an oil outlet at said end, the centrifugal separator being arranged to extend substantially vertically upwards from the mounting means and the mounting means providing a common oil supply passage for the separator and filter, a drain passage for draining oil from the separator to the engine sump and a discharge passage from the filter for supplying oil to the engine lubrication system.

Abstract: A hollow-fiber filtering module includes a casing having an open end and an inlet for introducing water to be treated thereinto. A bundle of hollow fibers is mounted within the casing, each of the hollow fibers having an open end. A fastening member sealingly joins the open ends of the hollow fibers to the open end of the casing in sealing relation thereto, the open ends of the hollow fibers opening to the exterior of the casing. Part of the hollow fibers are made of a microporous membrane having a portion of a hydrophobic nature, and the other hollow fibers are hydrophilic microporous membranes. Gas introduced into the filtering module can easily permeate the hydrophobic portions of the hollow fibers and is discharged through the bores of the hollow fibers from their open ends together with the filtered water. There is also disclosed a water purification device employing such a hollow-fiber filtering module.

Abstract: Apparatus comprising a freeze exchanger in which an aqueous mixture is indirectly cooled by a cooling fluid to produce an aqueous mixture containing ice; a centrifuge; a conduit for feeding an ice slurry from the freeze exchanger to the centrifuge; a heater; a conduit for feeding ice from the centrifuge to the heater to melt the ice; a water treatment apparatus; a conduit for feeding the water from the heater to the water treatment apparatus to condition the water for contact with a reverse osmosis membrane; a reverse osmosis apparatus; and a conduit for feeding the conditioned water to the reverse osmosis apparatus in which the water is purified by reverse osmosis.

Abstract: A self-cleaning system and method for dispersing aggregates in a fluid medium is provided. The system is comprised of first and second members operatively associated to form an internal chamber and having an inlet to the chamber for admitting the fluid to be treated. At least one of the members is biased toward the other whereby the introduction of a fluid medium to be treated into the chamber under an operating pressure in the range of from about 50 to about 1,000 psid (3.5 to 70.3 kg/cm.sup.2) provides an elongated orifice between the first and second members having a transverse dimension or width of from about 1 to about 1,500 micrometers for egress of the fluid medium. As the fluid passes through the elongated orifice, aggregates contained therein are dispersed. The system is self-cleaning by virtue of the biased nature of at least one of the members toward the other, thereby providing longer onstream operation and requiring less servicing.

Abstract: A heat exchange system and process for reducing bleed-off are disclosed employing a weak acid cation exchange resin for treating the aqueous liquid coolant. In one such system and process, the aqueous coolant is treated with a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids; suspended solids are removed from the circulating aqueous coolant; and an effective amount of additive selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides, and mixtures thereof is introduced into the circulating aqueous coolant so that bleed-off from said system is substantially reduced.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for purification and activation of water not only from a water purification plant but also from other sources by passing water through dechloration zone, to eliminate chlorine ion, activation zone to disorder the equilibrium state of water and ionize the water and settlement zone to disturb the ionic balance of the ionized water and make it oriented to be softened successively.

Abstract: A portable water purifier having a filter housing adapted to contain a replaceable filter assembly to which filter housing is releasably attached an unfiltered water chamber with a pressurizing pump located on the top thereof. A cup member is releasably attached to the unfiltered water chamber covering the pressurizing pump and a cap member is releasably attached beneath the filter housing when the portable water purifier is in its storage mode. When the portable water purifier is in its use mode, the cap is removed from the base of the filter housing and attached to the bottom of the cup and the cup is removed from its position covering the pressurizing pump and attached to the filter housing at the position where the cap was attached.

Abstract: The filter system includes a high performance full-flow filter and the second super efficient by-pass filter. An adapter and adapter bushing is located between the engine block and the full-flow filter. The adapter is tapped to provide a pressure source through a filter hose to the by-pass filter. The by-pass filter is then connected to the low pressure side of the oil by connecting through a special drain plug fitting. The hoses are connected to the by-pass filter and the drain plug through a special pivotal connection to fit any make automobile. The by-pass filter may be mounted inside of a neoprene coated nylon sleeve or by a special mounting bracket.

Abstract: A solid-liquid separator comprising a vertical dewatering chamber enclosed by an outer foraminous wall or screen through which the slurry is passed so as to remove the liquid and return the solids within the dewatering chamber. The incoming slurry is deflected and directed into the screen by a stationary X-shaped plate baffle. Solids which cannot pass through the screen and remaining water, flow by gravity out the bottom of the dewatering chamber and onto a further dewatering screen.

Abstract: A water treatment cartridge and method for producing ultrapure water is described. The cartridge comprises a container having therein a particulate admixture of activated carbon and mixed bed ion exchange resins. A source of water, preferably pretreated, is passed through the container, preferably following treatment by one or more cartridges containing mixed bed ion exchange resins. The carbon in the admixed cartridge removes residual organic contamination from the water and the resins remove ionic contamination from the carbon, without re-introducing organic material to the water.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing oil from water. The invention includes a separation vessel for separating the oil by gravity from the water. The generally oil-free water from the separation vessel is pumped under pressure through an ultrafine molecular filter. The concentrate liquid from the ultrafine molecular filter is directed into a concentrator vessel which separates out the oil which remains in the concentrate liquid. The separated oil is directed back into the separation vessel and the remaining liquid is directed back through the ultrafine molecular filter. Ejection water is periodically directed into the separation vessel to discharge oil accumulated in the separation vessel.

Abstract: This invention affords a filtration method and apparatus for extracting cell produced antiviral substances (CPAS) from a production broth using cross-flow membrane filtration. The broth is perfused into a first filtration cell and caused to cross-flow across an ultrafiltration membrane in the cell, permitting a first filtrate to pass through the membrane consisting essentially of CPAS and some molecular species and retaining in a first ex-filtrate all remaining portions of the broth.

Abstract: In a non-evaporating dehydration of brown coal, the coal is crushed and classified into lumps and fine particles. The lumps of coal are subjected to a non-evaporating dehydration in which waste water is produced. The waste water is contacted with the fine particles of coal so that components which affect the COD value of the water are absorbed by the coal particles. The coal particles are then burnt to produce saturated steam which is used in the non-evaporating dehydration.

Abstract: The invention provides a blood treatment apparatus realizing double-step-membrane filtration, namely separation of blood into plasma and a corpuscular fraction and separation of high-molecular-weight substances (e.g. gamma-globulin) in the plasma from low-molecular-weight substances (e.g. albumin). A method of treating blood is also provided.The apparatus and method are effective e.g. in the treatment of blood of patients with peripheral circulatory insufficiency due to arteriosclerosis and of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease.

Abstract: A supplementary degassing system is disclosed herein for use with a bedside console of the type employed in a central delivery system in the event additional degassing is necessary. The system may also be incorporated in a dialysis machine as the main degassing system.The system includes a chamber for receiving a liquid to be degassed. The chamber includes: a liquid inlet; a gas outlet through which gas is withdrawn; a degassed liquid outlet from which degassed liquid is drawn; and a recirculation inlet for receiving at least recirculated liquid. A recirculation loop is also provided for recirculating and treating liquid from the chamber. The loop includes a variable-restriction assembly for regulating pressures and enhancing degassing. The variable-restriction assembly includes a variable restriction comprising an orifice and valve for adjustably controlling liquid flow through the orifice.

Abstract: Portable hemodialysis apparatus which can be used for dialysis and/or ultrafiltration, or hemoperfusion. Separate circuits are provided for blood and for the ultrafiltrate and the dialysis solution. The blood circuit includes a pump in which the flexible tube is periodically throttled, causing blood to be drawn from the patient and advanced under pressure through the blood circuit. A similar pump is included in the circuit for the dialysis solution. The output side of the latter pump is selectively connectable either with the inlet of the dialyzer or with an ultrafiltrate collection station, while the input side of the latter pump is selectively connectable with the outlet of the dialyzer either through the dialysis liquid supply tank or directly via a shunt line. A lighter auxiliary tank is also provided for temporary freedom of movement with respect to the normal supply tank.

Abstract: A device for removal of excess water from blood is formed by having a plurality of solution chambers and a plurality of blood chambers arranged alternately, partitioning the adjoining ones of the alternately disposed chambers by insertion of semi-permeable membranes one each along the boundaries thereof and having a sorbent retained in the form of a bed inside the blood chambers, whereby the blood containing waste material and excess water in consequence of renal insufficiency is freed from such fouling substances by causing the blood to flow through the blood chambers in order for the beds of sorbent to deprive the blood of the waste material through sorption and for the high concentration solutions flowing through the adjoining solution chambers to deprive the blood of the excess water through osmosis effected through the medium of the semi-permeable membranes.