Abstract: Disclosed is a clarifier for use in treating a liquid containing non-soluble particles in suspension in order to separate these particles from the liquid. It comprises a tank, a liquid supply duct opening into the bottom portion of the tank and an injector for injecting a gas under pressure into at least part of liquid supplied to the supply duct in order to saturate this liquid with said gas and thus to generate gas bubbles as the saturated liquid is subject to depressurization within the tank. The gas bubbles that are so-generated adhere to the particles in suspension in the liquid and lift them up to form a floating layer of sludge in the top portion of the tank. A scraper is provided in the top portion of the tank for skimming off the layer of sludge while it is formed. A plurality of plates extend at an angle within the tank above the supply duct.

Abstract: The fluid handling devices are capable of accurately handling substantially continuous fluid flow rates as low as about 0.01 cc/day. The devices are so miniaturized, corrosion-resistant and non-toxic that they are suitable for being implanted in the human body; and are capable of being mass produced at costs so low, by using micromachining techniques, such as etching, that they may be considered to be disposable. The devices are either passive devices which consume no electrical energy at all, or are active devices which consume very small amounts of electrical energy. The devices are reliable because they may have as few as only two parts, only one which is a moving part; and because they may handle fluids at very low pressures. The fluid handling devices include active piezoelectrically driven membrane pumps; and passive fluid flow regulators, on-off valves, flow switches and filters.

Abstract: Recycling apparatus for use in a closed-loop waste-treatment system includes components for removal of inert materials. Typically, the system includes a treatment vessel used in conjunction with a clarifier in an internal recycle configuration; clear water from the top of the clarifier is conducted away from the system as treated effluent, while a portion of the biomass settling at the bottom of the clarifier is returned to the head of the treatment vessel through a hydrocyclone and screen arrangement to remove inert content, thereby substantially increasing the efficiency of biological waste-digestion processes.

Abstract: A reduced size apparatus for centrifugal separation, has a housing, a motor coupled to the housing, and a cartridge in the housing. The cartridge is coupled with and rotated by the shaft of the motor. A feeding channel carries liquid into the cartridge. A second channel extends from the upper region in the cartridge through the rotary shaft to a third channel for ejecting the liquid.

Abstract: A filter assembly (10) includes a housing (12) defining a chamber (14). A filter substrate (16) is disposed within the chamber (14) for filtering fluids passing therethrough. The housing 12 includes an inlet (22) disposed in fluid communication with the chamber (14) for allowing flow of fluid into the chamber (14). The chamber (14) defines a flow path between the inlet (22) and filter substrate (16) for perfecting fluid flow therebetween. An outlet (24) is disposed in fluid communication with the chamber (14) for allowing the flow of fluid to exit the chamber (14). A snagging element (26) is disposed within the housing (14) between the inlet (22) and the filter substrate (16) on the flow path for snagging and retaining gelatinous particulate material from the fluid prior to being filtered. A method of filtering gelatinous material from a flow of fluid includes the steps of snagging gelatinous material from the flowing fluid and then passing the fluid through a filter.

Abstract: A polishing filter having the capabilities for removing small solids and hydrocarbons present within a liquid flow is a filtration device to be used either in conjunction with processes already in existence or as a stand-alone unit. The polishing filter can be used for marine, commercial or industrial activities. Small solids will be discriminated hi( size by a removable and replaceable bag filter. Residing inside the bag filter is the polishing filter bonding media, a hydrocarbon encapsulation agent used to separate and bond emulsified and dissolved oils. This bonding media is contained inside a porous membrane bag which is also removable and replaceable. The .addition of this device to already existing equipment utilized by ocean vessels and commercial and industrial activities will enhance the decontamination process and assist in compliance with local, national and international clean water laws for effluent from ships and shore-based activities.

Abstract: A rapid, convenient, and highly sensitive method for counting the number of living microorganisms is disclosed, wherein a test solution is filtered through a membrane filter element having a plurarity of hydrophilic sections separated from each other by hydrophobic partitions. A microparticulate spray is then applied to the filter in order to add extracting and luminescence-inducing reagents in such an amount that allows the filter membrane within each section to become wet. Further, the sample obtained is processed by applying a highly sensitive luminescence image analyzing system thereto. The employment of a spray method for applying the extracting and luminescence-inducing reagents allows entrapment of the reagents and extracted substances within each of the hydrophilic sections. Therefore, when combined with the use of a luminescence image analyzing system, the number of bright spots so produced of which represent the living microorganisms may be rapidly counted without the requirement of cultivation.

Abstract: A system for collecting and processing donated blood comprises a first porous medium interposed between a blood collection bag and a satellite bag and a second porous medium interposed between the blood collection bag and another satellite bag. The porous media are leucocyte depletion media. The system may also include one or more of the following: a red cell barrier medium, a separation medium, a gas inlet, and a gas outlet. The system can be used to centrifuge whole blood into one or more components, and includes a means for protecting the system during centrifugation.

Abstract: Cyclone separator comprising a body (10) formed by a cylindrical part (12) and a converging, substantially conical part (14), at least one inlet (22) mounted tangentially on the cylindrical part (12) and a substantially tubular element (26;62;78) mounted on the body and in hydraulic communication therewith in that the separator includes a coalescer (40;64;70) arranged around the tubular element and adapted to receive liquid to be separated prior to its entry into the cyclone.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for removing unwanted fluid such as gas from a processed blood product are disclosed. Methods include the steps of passing a blood product from a closed first container through a functional biomedical device to produce a processed blood product, flowing the processed blood product and an unwanted fluid from the functional biomedical device to a second container through a conduit, separating the unwanted fluid from the processed blood product in the second container, preventing the flow of the unwanted fluid from the second container through the passage to the functional biomedical device by using a clamp and passing the unwanted fluid from the second container to the first container through an outlet providing fluid communication between the second container and the first container. The outlet includes a barrier medium which allows the passage therethrough of the unwanted fluid but prevents the passage therethrough of the processed blood product.

Abstract: A simplified single cell apparatus and method for removal of suspended impurities in liquids using gas flotation and filtration is provided wherein the method and apparatus are preferably directed to induced gas flotation separation of suspended impurities in combination with a filter media for filtration removal of remaining suspended impurities. A filter media is contained within the single cell apparatus such that liquid exiting the vessel must pass through the filter media after having been subjected to flotation treatment.

Abstract: A system for collecting and processing donated blood comprises a first porous medium interposed between a blood collection bag and a satellite bag and a second porous medium interposed between the blood collection bag and another satellite bag. The porous media are leucocyte depletion media. The system may also include one or more of the following: a red cell barrier medium, a separation medium, a gas inlet, and a gas outlet. The system can be used to centrifuge whole blood into one or more components, and includes a means for protecting the system during centrifugation.

Abstract: The method of cleaning porous ceramic filters with a backwashing apparatus comprising an accelerating circulation path and a unit for mixing accelerated water with high-pressure air can be implemented with compact equipment to achieve efficient cleaning. The pool water purifying apparatus and system that adopt this method of cleaning porous ceramic filters comprise a filtering system that uses the ceramic filters, a disinfecting unit and an adsorbing unit and, optionally, an ultrafiltration unit as an additional filtering unit, and are capable of removing not only bacteria but also viruses so that the water purified by this apparatus and system may be as clean as potable water. Such an extremely high efficiency of water purification achieved by the apparatus and system can be maintained over a prolonged period since both the filtering and adsorption means can be cleaned by backwashing.

Abstract: The method of cleaning porous ceramic filters with a backwashing apparatus comprising an accelerating circulation path and a unit for mixing accelerated water with high-pressure air can be implemented with compact equipment to achieve efficient cleaning. The pool water purifying apparatus and system that adopt this method of cleaning porous ceramic filters comprise a filtering system that uses the ceramic filters, a disinfecting unit and an adsorbing unit and, optionally, an ultrafiltration unit as an additional filtering unit, and are capable of removing not only bacteria but also viruses so that the water purified by this apparatus and system may be as clean as potable water. Such an extremely high efficiency of water purification achieved by the apparatus and system can be maintained over a prolonged period since both the filtering and adsorption means can be cleaned by backwashing.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning recycled pulp includes an upright cylindrical vessel having an upright cylindrical screen member open at its top and bottom ends and having a perforated screen wall which is centered on a vertical axis in the vessel. A plurality of upright, elongated blades are mounted for rotation on the vertical axis in close proximity to the screen wall. A pulp slurry entrained with pressurized air is introduced under pressure into an inlet in the bottom of the vessel. The rotating blades clear the screen wall while creating a rising vortex of air bubbles produced by the pressurized air for carrying ink and/or contaminant particles upwardly through the inner volume of the screen member. An "accepts" outlet at the center of the vessel draws off pulp in suspension that has been passed through the screen wall. A "rejects" outlet at the top of the vessel draws off ink and contaminant particles carried by the air bubbles in the upwardly-moving vortex.

Abstract: A fluid separation device (20) is provided for separating a raw fluid (51) into a plurality of components (36, 37 and 38). A body (21) has a cylindrical bore (39) defined by an inner wall (41) of the body (21). A generally solid cylindrical core (22) has a helical channel (46) formed in a periphery of the cylindrical core (22). The helical channel (46) has a generally rectangular cross-section. The cylindrical core (22) is disposed in the cylindrical bore (39) such that the inner wall (41) of the body (21) and the helical channel (46) form a helical coil (24). A feeder assembly (23) is in fluid communication with the helical coil (24), such that the feeder assembly (23) is operable to transport a raw fluid (51) to the helical coil (24). A splitter assembly (25) is also in fluid communication with the helical coil (24 ). The splitter assembly (25) comprises at least one separator vane (31) defining a plurality of conduits.

Abstract: A system which clarifies a solids-burdened liquid stream from a user device such as a machine tool and returning it clarified to the user device. A tank receives the burdened liquid stream in a first of two regions from which a first centrifugal separator draws. It discharges its clarified stream through an inductor into the second of said regions, said regions being continuously connected. A second centrifugal separator draws from said second region and returns its clarified liquid to the user device. Both separators discharge their solids to collectors.

Abstract: An upflow clarifier comprises an enclosure defining a bounded volume for holding liquid. An inlet is coupled to the enclosure, and an outlet is coupled to the enclosure above the inlet. A barrier is provided in the enclosure, between the inlet and the outlet. The barrier has a plurality of apertures therethrough, and the barrier defines an upper compartment above the barrier and a lower compartment below the barrier. A plurality of filter membranes are respectively mounted to the apertures, wherein liquid flowing through the apertures flows through the filter membranes. The filter membranes extend upwardly from the barrier.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for reducing the number of leukocytes in cellular products like platelets collected in an on line or continuous blood separation processes. The systems and methods reduce the number of leukocytes from a cellular suspension before its separation into a cellular-rich concentration. This leads to effective and efficient leukocyte removal and a high quality blood product suited for therapeutic use, with and without long term storage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supply system for pre-treating a petroleum distillation residual oil to be fed to a hydrogenation apparatus. In order to remove iron fine particles having a particle size of less than 25.mu. in the feed oil which could be not removed in the prior art, by constituting a system comprising a heater for heating the feed oil to a given temperature by heat exchange with a high temperature bottom oil of a fractionating tower after hydrogenation treatment of the feed oil, a filter equipped with a back washing mechanism for filtering solid materials in the feed oil after heating, and a high gradient magnetic separator for magnetically separating magnetic iron fine particles having a particle size of less than 25.mu. contained in the feed oil.

Abstract: Apparatus and method is described for dewatering sludge obtained from a flotation tank, which efficiently handles the sludge and avoids the need for adding polymers to reflock the sludge. The sludge dewatering portion includes a conveyor (40, FIG. 1) which has an uppath portion (42) that receives sludge that is dropped over a cliff (32), the conveyor having a downpath portion (44) which firmly compresses the sludge as it continues to move along the conveyor. The conveyor preferably extends at an incline to the horizontal with the downpath portion lying higher than the uppath portion, and with a fluid conduit lying under the conveyor and carrying liquid downwardly along the incline to a pump (74) that pumps the liquid along a return conduit (80) back to the flotation tank. One conveyor includes an elongated shaft (50, FIG.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for processing a biological fluid including leukocytes during cardioplegia are disclosed. A method for processing a biological fluid including leukocytes comprises passing a cardioplegia fluid through a bacterial removing filter; mixing the cardioplegia fluid with the biological fluid including leukocytes to form a cardioplegia mixture; and, passing the cardioplegia mixture through a cardioplegia mixture filter assembly to produce a leukocyte-depleted cardioplegia mixture, said assembly comprising a porous medium to remove leukocytes from the cardioplegia mixture.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for automated periodic removal of metal ions and contaminants from a chemical bath comprising a latex solution containing charged latex particles and having an acidic pH, used for forming a coating by autodeposition. The system includes a tank containing a chemical bath, an ion exchange column for removing the metal ion contaminants, circulating pump, metal composition sensors, and equipment for regeneration of the ion exchange column. The system particularly includes a filter located at the inlet to the ion exchange column for removing solid particulates, including coagulated latex and debris from the coating solution, while permitting the uncoagulated latex particles to pass through to the ion exchange column.

Abstract: A simplified single cell apparatus and method for removal of suspended impurities in liquids using gas flotation and filtration is provided wherein the method and apparatus are preferably directed to induced gas flotation separation of suspended impurities in combination with a filter media for filtration removal of remaining suspended impurities. A filter media is contained within the single cell apparatus such that liquid exiting the vessel must pass through the filter media after having been subjected to flotation treatment.

Abstract: Electrodialysis ("ED") stacks are disclosed having components selected from the group:a) cation exchange ("CX") membranes and/or CX granules having in at least a surface a predominant amount of sulfonate exchange groups and a minor amount of weakly ionized exchange groups;b) anion exchange ("AX") membranes and/or AX granules having in at least a surface substantially only quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium exchange groups which upon decomposition leave almost no amine or phosphine groups bound to the membranes or granules;c) AX and/or CX granules which are selective to monovalent ions at currents which are fractions of the limiting current of such granules;d) AX and/or CX membranes and granules, such membranes and granules selective to monovalent ions at currents which are fractions of the limiting current of such membranes and granules;e) ion exchange ("IX") granules in which the concentration of IX groups in the inner regions is a fraction (including zero) of the concentration in the outer regions;f) AX

Abstract: A high efficiency leucocyte-depletion filter for use with packed red cell concentrate derived from freshly drawn blood comprises a fibrous filter medium with a pore size of from about 0.5 to less than 3.6 .mu.m and a CWST of from 53 to about 80. The filter is preferably used in conjunction with a gel prefilter and, optionally, a microaggregate filter so as to minimize clogging. In a preferred embodiment, the voids volume is about 60% to about 85%.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for clarifying a contaminated fluid comprising a separator vessel having therein a pair of cyclonic flow chambers; preliminary spiral separators introduce the contaminated fluid to be separated into the cyclonic flow chambers by tangential inlets so as to establish a swirling body of fluid in each chamber; the cyclonic flow chambers have a shell positioned below their respective tangential inlets for discharging separated solids to a collection area and separating an oil and water mixture into a fluid flow zone formed by the cyclonic flow chambers and the wall of the separator vessel wherein water and oil are separated by aeration provided by sparging tubes; a vertical outlet port discharges separated oil and gas from the upper portion of the cyclonic flow chambers to a fluid flow zone wherein oil and gas are separated. The separated water, oil, gas and solids are removed through discharge ports.

Abstract: A separator comprises a cyclone for removing more dense particles e.g. sand and a filter for removing less dense particles e.g. organic material from a liquid e.g. water. The arrangement is such that the filter experiences a shearing/scouring force which assists in preventing blockage.

Abstract: A novel apparatus for isolating solids or wetcakes from fluids is disclosed. Said apparatus is closed to the atmosphere and comprises a torque sensor and movable cap which allows for solid recovery under pressure without requiring substantial solvent volatilization.

Abstract: A waste water treatment system is illustrated which can be configured to be portable and which minimizes the addition of solids to be disposed of through the use of ozone for contaminant reduction to basic elements after the pH value of the waste water to be treated is properly adjusted. This ozone in one stage is combined with ultrasound to cause coagulation and precipitation. In another stage, ozone and ultraviolet light are used in a reduction process. Ion alignment using a magnetic field and an electrochemical flocculation process to which the waste water is subjected causes further coagulation and precipitation. As designed, the system can operate continuously with redundancy at appropriate points so that removal of solids from the filtration units can occur simultaneous with the overall decontamination process.

Abstract: In a process for filtering plasma by separating blood into blood cells and plasma by a primary filter and filtering the separated plasma by a secondary filter to remove macromolecules from the plasma as harmful components, the loss of plasma to be discarded from the system by a procedure for eliminating plugging of the secondary filter can be diminished by opening an inner chamber of the secondary filter to the atmosphere to thereby lower the internal pressure of the chamber every time increase of the pressure to an upper limit value due to an increasing plugging tendency of the secondary filter is detected, and washing the interior of the secondary filter from the inner and outer chamber sides after the internal pressure has lowered.

Abstract: Engine cleaning is affected at different times while the engine is running. Apparatus for cleaning internal combustion engines cyclically draws cleaning fluid from a reservoir by a pump, flushes the fluid through the block of the internal combustion engine, and returns the fluid to the reservoir. Tank selection valves alternately couple one of a pair of reservoir tanks to the pump, to the exclusion of another tank. One tank can be dedicated for use to clean gasoline powered internal combustion engines to preserve the characteristic color of the cleaning fluid, while the other tank can be utilized to clean diesel powered internal combustion engines. The system is operated through first flushing and soaking periods and through second flushing and soaking periods. A first tank in a pair is used to initially pump and recover cleaning fluid during the first flushing and soaking periods.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process and apparatus for purifying a low polluted water containing concurrently or selectively inadequate matters including heavy metals such as iron contents and manganese, and fine suspended matters, which comprises adding a reactant primarily containing a colloidal silica from a reactant charger to the polluted water stored in a primary tank to emulsify the inadequate matters; adding a coagulant primarily containing chitosan into the polluted water from a coagulant charger; feeding external air under high pressure by a pump into the polluted water, and separating the air from the polluted water, followed by dissolution of the air under pressure in the polluted water using a water separator; injecting the thus treated polluted water into a polluted water stored preliminarily in a secondary tank to generate very fine bubbles in polluted water stored in the secondary tank under releasing of the pressure; allowing the inadequate matters emulsified and flocculated to float up onto the water surf

Abstract: An improved food, oil and grease accumulating apparatus and method of use is disclosed. The improved apparatus includes a pump station to discharge contaminated effluent at a higher flow rate at periodic intervals into a first food separation station for removing food particles. Effluent leaves the food separation station into a second food separation system and then an oil and grease separation station which uses an oleophillic material to attract and coalesce oil and grease particles and permit their advancement along channels to the top region of the oil and grease separation station. The oil and grease are removed through an evacuation system while the water is permitted to discharge from the oil and grease separation station into the sewer system.

Abstract: A process for the recycling of used and contaminated water-based metalworking fluids comprising separation of solid contaminants by settling and filtration, and separation of unemulsifiable tramp oil, reduction in total dissolved solids, removal of destructive bacteria and fungi, and removal of odors and toxic gases by the injection of steam, said process not requiring the use of a centrifuge.

Abstract: A grease/oil/water separator device and assembly for a vehicle wash system having a grease/oil/water separator tank which has three tank compartments. A first tank, a settling tank, is provided with entrance and exit piping such that a diagonal cross-flow of water allows sludge and debris to fall to the bottom of the settling tank. Water enters a second tank, the trap tank, from the settling tank, the trap tank being provided with entrance and exit piping such that a diagonal cross-flow of water is created so as to allow oil and grease to be separated from the water with the exit piping being located at the bottom of the trap tank which then enters the third tank, the pump tank where the grease and oil separated water is pumped into a sand filter which further filters the water.

Abstract: A liquid purification system is provided which is capable of separating a first liquid, that is wholly or partly immiscible in and forms a discontinuous phase with a second, continuous phase-forming liquid, from the second liquid, which includes at least one coalescing element or assembly for coalescing the first liquid having at least one fluid inlet at the top thereof; and at least one separating element or assembly for separating droplets of the first liquid from the second liquid, the at least one coalescing element or assembly being arranged in superposed and fluid communicable relationship above the at least one separating element or assembly

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for removing dirt particles (with and without oil deposition) from water or from waste water without free oil, in particular waste water which occurs in commercial laundries after the washing of garments, work clothes and the like. It includes a closeable tank (10) which has an inflow opening (11) and at the bottom a sieve drain (12, 13), and in the interior above the drain a layer of textiles is provided which contains in particular used garments as filter.

Abstract: Water-based industrial cleaning solutions are stripped of mixed oil and high density particulate (dirt) contamination by a full or partial flow system through, first, a centrifugal separator to produce two effluent flow streams respective to low and high density contamination. Each centrifugal separator effluent stream is conducted to and through respective gravimetric separators producing three effluent streams each. The two purified cleaning solution streams are combined for recycling. The two oil effluent streams are combined for disposal. The two particulate dominated streams are combined for screen or matrix filtration.A small side stream such as effluent from the screen or filter is treated with ozone for bacterial control prior to recombination.

Abstract: A tertiary treatment unit is provided that has a first filtration unit operatively connected to an influent for filtering solids therefrom to form an effluent, a second filtration unit operatively connected to the first filtration unit to receive the effluent and to filter finer solids and bacteria and viruses from the effluent, a supply tank operatively connected to the effluent to provide chemicals that are mixed into the effluent, and a reactor that receives the effluent and removes nitrogen and some phosphorous therefrom to form a treated effluent. The treatment unit further has a first adsorption unit that receives the treated effluent and adsorbs additional nitrogen, BOD, TSS and certain chemicals from the treated effluent, and a second adsorption unit that receives the partially adsorbed treated effluent from the first adsorption unit and adsorbs additional phosphorous from the treated effluent to form the final effluent.

Abstract: A method for measuring the number of living microorganisms in a specimen which comprises entrapping the microorganisms on a hydrophobic filter after the dyeing thereof, or alternatively dyeing the microorganisms after entrapping them on the hydrophobic filter, removing excessive coloring matter by washing, and then determining the number of the microorganisms by the degree of coloration thereof. A kit for measuring the number of living microorganisms which comprises a hydrophobic filter, a syringe to which the filter is fittable, a coloring matter solution, a cleaning solution, and a color reference table. The present invention enables the rapid and convenient measurement of the number of living microorganisms in the specimen without use of special equipment. In accordance with the present invention, the measurement is usually completed within ten minutes.

Abstract: A machine coolant recycling system has a holding tank in which machine coolant to be recycled is accumulated. The machine coolant in the holding tank is continuously filtered for a predetermined period of time and the surface of the machine coolant is continuously skimmed to remove undesired contaminants therefrom. The machine coolant from the holding tank is supplied to a centrifuge where it is centrifuged and is then pumped to a blending tank where it is chemically tested and reconstituted to its original composition. The machine coolant is then again continuously filtered until it is needed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removal of solids from aqueous wash solutions such as, but not limited to, solutions used in hot jet-spray parts washers. Coarse solids are removed by a vortex separator during all operations. Solids accumulated in the parts washer storage tank are intermittently removed and fine solids are removed by intermittent depth filtration. In one embodiment of the invention, the method includes the purging of the vortex separator to the primary stage of depth filtration.

Abstract: A washing apparatus for washing solid fractions such as screenings or grit derived from a sewage treatment plant and contaminated with fecal material, such as fecal solids, includes a tank (11/111) for receiving aqueous liquid and the contaminated solid fractions, and mechanisms (23, 26, 126) for generating turbulence of the aqueous liquid in the tank to break-down the fecal contaminants. The method of washing screenings includes adding aqueous liquid and screenings contaminated with fecal material to a tank, subjecting the liquid containing contaminated screenings to turbulence to break down the fecal material and adding further liquid alone or containing screenings to the tank such that screenings and aqueous liquid containing finely divided fecal material flow from the tank over a weir or the like for dewatering and compaction of the screenings.

Abstract: A universal recycled wash water plant having a collector tank through which collected wash water and rinse water is channeled to a grease/oil/water separation tank which separates oil and grease from the water and which holds the oil-separated water in a pump compartment. The water in the pump compartment is pumped to two sand filter tanks which removes suspended trace oil and other suspended solids from the water received from the pump compartment. The water upon passing through the sand filter tanks is channeled to a balancing tank and pumped by means of a recirculating pump to a separator which removes solid particles up to six microns in size from the water received from the balancing tank. From the separator the water is channeled in desired proportions to a carbon filter and to a wash water tank. The carbon filter removes any remaining soap elements from the water before the clarified water is channeled into a rinse water tank.

Abstract: The grit conveyance system of a classifier having a wash region above the liquid layer is provided with a vacuum means in the wash region for positive removal of liquids through a metal screen for disposal.

Abstract: The invention is an antifreeze reclamation system that is designed for low volume processing over extended time periods. The system makes use of a tank that is preferably fabricated from a standard fifty-five gallon drum. Attached to the top of one end of the tank is a standpipe used for inputting used antifreeze into the system. A second standpipe is located at the top of the opposite end of the tank. The system functions by allowing gravity, buoyancy and time to separate the used antifreeze from entrained and dissolved impurities. The outputted liquid is mixed with new materials to restore it to its original, unused condition.

Abstract: A solid phase extraction device has a solvent-compatible permeable membrane with a bubble point greater than the normal operating pressure differential used and a sorbent material retained by two disks or frits so that when pressure is applied, the sample to be processed will pass through the membrane, but the membrane will not permit air to pass therethrough, and the sorbent remains wet throughout the process. The device has an input port and an output port and operates to maintain a pressure differential between the ports. Sorbent material is entrapped between two disks or frits. Located above the sorbent material is a support having a grid surface. The support prevents the frit from "riding up" the column of the barrel. Ultrasonically welded to the support is a solvent-compatible permeable membrane. The membrane is hermetically sealed to the support and the support is self-locked to the interior barrel of the device.

Abstract: A deproteinization filler comprises an aggregate of hydroxyapatite fibers having a three dimensional network structure. The mean radius of pores defined by the aggregate is approximately 0.02 .mu.m to approximately 0.08 .mu.m, the specific surface of the aggregate is approximately 25 m.sup.2 /g to approximately 65 m.sup.2 /g and the mean diameter of particles defined by the aggregate is approximately 1 .mu.m to approximately 30 .mu.m. The filler is produced by a given method. The filler may be contained in a throwaway cartridge.

Abstract: A manifold mounted liquid filtration system including a disposable filter cartridge having first and second radial flow filtration stages containing filtration media of uniform porosity. A first stage includes a pair of annular, concentrically mounted, fibrous sediment and cast carbonaceous filter media. A second stage includes an annular cast carbonaceous filter media. Porous stage separators sequentially direct liquid flow into cavity spaces between the sidewalls of each stage and a liquid impermeable housing where the flow is radially re-directed inward to a center outlet bore. The first stage filters suspended sediments, lead and other heavy metals. The second stage removes suspended bacteria, parasites volatile organic contaminants, herbicides, pesticides, industrial and agricultural contaminants, and the like. Various cartridge constructions having alternative O'ring sealed end caps and internal arrangements of stage separators are disclosed.