Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing pure water having a total organic carbon content of not more than 200 ppb instantly after start of the operation of a high purity water system, comprising using as an ion exchange resin a specific strongly basic anion exchange resin and passing raw water through the high purity water system at a space velocity of not less than 20. The produced pure water is capable of producing tasteless and odorless pure water instantly after start of the operation of the high purity water system.

Abstract: An ion-exchanger is provided which comprises zirconium hydroxide supported on active carbon. The process for producing the ion-exchanger, and a process for removing a multiply charged anion are also provided which employ the ion-exchanger. The ion-exchanger of the present invention has high chemical resistance, high heat resistance, high mechanical strength, and excellent ion exchange characteristics.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, an improved anion-exchange chromatographic composition has been formed which comprises synthetic resin support particles and anion exchange compounds attached thereto, wherein the anion-exchange compounds comprise an internal reactive group, which may be an ester, ketone or amide group, and a terminal quaternary ammonium salt which functions as an anion-exchange site. The compositions of the present invention exhibit improved hydrolytic stability as compared to other known anion-exchange chromatographic compositions due to the presence of linkers which increase the number of atoms separating the internal reactive group from the nitrogen atom of the terminal ammonium anion-exchange site. Formed articles and methods employing the anion-exchange chromatographic composition are also provided.

Abstract: A process for the separation of pentavalent arsenic from an aqueous solution using an N-alkyl pyridinium-containing adsorption medium is disclosed. An oxidizing medium and process for the oxidation of trivalent arsenic to pentavalent arsenic with removal of the pentavalent arsenic so formed is also disclosed.

Abstract: By using a polymer containing a dichloroethylene structure derived from a vinylidene chloride monomer in the molecule in place of an unsaturated polyester and an urethane resin, there can be obtained an excellent adsorbent which has improved workability in case of granulation and high strength, and causes little deterioration of its ion exchange capacity even after a large number of regenerations.

Abstract: A method for the removal and purification of substantially all of the fluoride ions contained in a solution containing greater than 10 parts per million (ppm) fluoride ion, a mixture of other anions, silicon in the form of a fluorosilicic acid, silicic acid, silicates, or silicon tetrafluoride, and optionally also containing complex metal fluorides, to produce an ultrapure hydrofluoric acid, comprising the steps of (a) adjusting the pH of the solution to an alkaline pH to hydrolyze the fluorosilicic acid and any complex metal fluorides; (b) removing the fluoride ions and other anions from the solution by passing the solution through an ion exchange resin, where the ion exchange resin is adapted to adsorb substantially all of the fluoride passed over the ion exchange resin; (c) displacing the fluoride ions and other anions bound to the ion exchange resin, thereby forming a mixture of anions in an effluent emanating from resin; (d) optionally concentrating the effluent at a high pH and then lowering the pH; and

Abstract: A process for removing contaminating levels of selenium from a contaminated aqueous solution is disclosed. That process includes providing a vessel or flow-permissive container containing a water-insoluble polymeric adsorption medium having a plurality of polymerized C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 N-alkylated pyridinium-containing adsorption sites. An influent of an aqueous solution having a total selenium concentration of about 10 to about 1000 parts per billion is introduced to the vessel or flow-permissive container to contact the insoluble polymeric adsorption medium. The solution is maintained in contact with that insoluble adsorption medium for a time period sufficient for the medium to bind the selenium in the contacting solution. The resulting aqueous solution is discharged from the vessel as an effluent having a total selenium concentration whose ratio to the total selenium concentration of the influent is about zero to about 10.sup.-3.

Abstract: A process for treating waste water of flue gas desulfurization comprising successively adjusting the pH of the waste water to 5 or less, bringing the waste water into contact with a column packed with fine particles of iron, flocculating the waste water, removing formed flocs from the waste water by solid-liquid separation, and optionally, bringing the remaining waste water into contact with a resin for COD adsorption, successively. Hazardous substances, such as oxidative substances, peroxosulfuric acid, iodic acid, heavy metals such as copper and lead, and non-metallic substances such as selenium compounds and fluorites, can be removed simultaneously and efficiently from the waste water of flue gas desulfurization containing these hazardous substances by using the process which is a simplified waste water disposal system.

Abstract: The water of a water system is treated to inhibit corrosion of metal components by passage through an anion exchanger preloaded with corrosion-inhibiting anions. A low molecular weight polymer is added. A chlorine containing slime controlling agent is added. The concentration of the chloride ion in water is maintained below 50 mg/L.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating wastewater effluent from diversely laundered household wash as in a laundromat provides for collecting and holding the effluent in a first tank for at least an average wash cycle for equalization and to a pH of 8.5 to 11, and then transferring the equalized wastewater to a second tank for acidification to a first predetermined pH of not less than about 6.5 and preferably 6.5 to 6.9, and then adding a coagulant, preferably a PAC with a basicity of 45 to 50%, to effect a second predetermined pH of not less than about 5.0 and preferably 5.2 to 5.4 for coagulation at the second pH to form treated water and a sludge. The treated water is decanted from the sludge and filtered to remove 1 to 50 micron particulates. The filtered water is then passed through a weak base anion exchange resin to remove MBAS to provide treated water.

Abstract: A process for removing thiocyanate and other anions from Type II strong base anion exchange resins with an alkali metal hydroxide is disclosed. The process is particularly beneficial to the regeneration and/or reclamation of alkanolamine solutions laden with heat stable salts, especially thiocyanate.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for removing oxidized contaminant(s) from water. More specifically, the invention has the steps of contacting water containing the oxidized contaminant(s) with a layered aluminosilicate having Fe(II). The aluminosilicate may contain naturally occurring Fe(II), or the Fe(II) may be produced by reducing Fe(III) that is initially present. Reduction may be either by exposure to a chemical or biological reductant. Contacting the water containing oxidized contaminant(s) may be by (1) injection of Fe(II)-containing layered aluminosilicate, via a well, into a saturated zone where it is likely to intercept the contaminated water; (2) injection of contaminated water into a vessel containing the Fe(II)-bearing layered aluminosilicate; and (3) first reducing Fe(III) in the layered aluminosilicate to Fe(II) by injection of a biological or chemical reductant, into an aquifer or vessel having sufficient Fe(III)-bearing aluminosilicate to produce the necessary Fe(II).

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a process for the purification of an aqueous solution of a tertiary amine-oxide containing impurities partially present in a dissolved and partially in a non-dissolved, colloidal state, and is characterized by a combination of the steps of(A) removing from the aqueous solution substantially all of said impurities present in a non-dissolved, colloidal state and(B) contacting said aqueous solution obtained in step (A) with an ion exchanger.

Abstract: An improved ion exchange process for purifying and/or concentrating hydroxylamine from an aqueous solution comprising hydroxylammonium ion and counter anions wherein ion exchange process conditions including effluent pH, effluent conductivity, and ion exchange bed height can be monitored and used to identify when to switch from an ion exchange step feed to a water wash feed, and to switch from a desorbent step to a water rinse step.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a developer containing a surfactant which contains a very low level of metal ions.

Abstract: A process for producing a water insoluble, aqueous alkali soluble, film forming novolak resin having low metal ions, made by the fractionation of a phenol formaldehyde condensation product, a process for producing a resin a photoresist composition of superior quality containing such novolak resin, and a method for producing a semiconductor device using such photoresist composition.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the concentration of radioactive materials or other trace contaminants in fluids withdrawn from subterranean reservoirs and also fluids in reservoirs. The method involves deposition of sorbent solids including, but not limited to, fine ion exchange resins, within the reservoir matrix surrounding a production well to act as an in-situ filter for dissolved radionuclides or other contaminants present in reservoir pore waters. For this purpose, the sorbent solid is either a) precipitated within the reservoir matrix by the reaction of ions or molecules of two or more carrier solutions or b) directly introduced into the reservoir as a solid component of a solid-liquid slurry using high-pressure injection techniques.

Abstract: A bismuth lead compound of the formula BiPbO.sub.2 (NO.sub.3).

Abstract: A method of processing a cheese processing waste stream generated in a cheese-making process, comprising:i) contacting a cheese processing waste stream with an anion exchange resin under conditions to allow negatively charged materials to be absorbed onto said anion exchange resin;ii) removing said anion exchange resin from said cheese processing waste stream and eluting said anion exchange resin with an aqueous solution of a lithium salt to produce an eluent;iii) concentrating said eluent to form a solid comprising a lithium salt and a lithium salt of a cheese processing waste; andiv) washing said solid with an organic solvent, dissolving said lithium salt and leaving said lithium salt of a cheese processing waste as a solid.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for separating aryl phosphates and esters and hydrolysates thereof from water in an aqueous mixture thereof. A superposed layer of the mixture is decanted from a lower layer of the phosphates, esters and hydrolysates. The superposed layer is filtered with a filter having a pore size of between 1 micron and 25 microns to remove globules and solid particles. The effluent is then subjected to demineralization with an anion exchange resin to remove most of the hydrolysates. Thereafter a sorber composed of an organic polymeric material such as polypropylene removes any remaining phosphates and esters down to less than 250 ppb.

Abstract: A process for producing a water insoluble, aqueous alkali soluble, film forming novolak resin fraction having a low metal ion content, made by the fractionation of a phenol formaldehyde condensation product, a process for producing a photoresist compositions containing such a novolak resin, and a method for producing a semiconductor device using such a photoresist composition.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed for treating swimming pool waters in order to remove one or more nutrients necessary for algal growth and to accelerate the breakdown of objectionable chloramines within chlorinated pool waters.The target nutrients of preference are those containing phosphorus or nitrogen. Phosphorus nutrients are preferably removed by ion-exchange with finely divided lanthanum carbonate, or by direct precipitation in the pool with liquid lanthanum chloride. Nitrogen nutrients (including, in particular, chloramines) may be removed (possibly with the aid of catalysts and in separate reactors). The same reagents used to scavenge phosphates are useful in this regard, the nitrogen being released from the pool water as a nitrogenous gas.To allow the fine lanthanum carbonates to be conveniently handled in the pool environment, they may be linked to larger carrier particles, such as those of diatomaceous earth, or they may be embedded within porous beads formed from polymers or gels.

Abstract: The invention is a process of removing metal ion contaminants from an organic solution, especially one having acid labile components. The process comprises modifying a cationic exchange resin by treatment with ammonia or amine and contacting said modified ion exchange resin with an organic solution containing metal ion contaminants. The process is especially useful for treating photoresist compositions.

Abstract: A dephosphorizing material containing iron and/or an iron-containing compound, a cementitious material, water, and a mixing agent for accelerating bleeding as the starting material, and having fine pores therein formed by solidifying the starting materials while bleeding not less than 2.0% by weight of the water contained in the starting materials to render the percent water absorption of not less than 10%; and a dephosphorizing method which includes bringing the dephosphorizing material into contact with a phosphorus-containing aqueous solution. This dephosphorizing material can effectively reduce the phosphorus concentration in sewages, rivers, or the like by fixing the phosphorus component on its surface. The dephosphorizing method is so simple that it can be effected merely by bringing the dephosphorizing material into contact with a phosphorus-containing aqueous solution, thus being capable of removing the phosphorus component effectively without necessity for any special controls.

Abstract: A process for removing lead from drinking water discharged from a drinking water outlet comprising:(a) directing the water through a first matrix comprising a calcium mineral of between 10 and 100 weight percent of a solid calcium phosphate mineral which is slightly soluble in water, the remaining portion being a solid calcium carbonate mineral which is slightly soluble in water, such that there is sufficient contacting between the water and the first matrix to introduce sufficient phosphate ions into the water to form lead precipitate and reduce the lead concentration in the water to below 15 parts per billion,(b) directing the lead depleted water from step (a) through a second matrix, the second matrix comprising a mineral that when in equilibrium with the water reduces the phosphate ion concentration to 60 mg/L or below.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing water insoluble, aqueous alkali soluble novolak resins having consistent molecular weight and a very low level of metal ions, utilizing a solid acid condensation catalyst. A method is also provided for producing photoresist composition having a very low level of metal ions from such novolak resins and for producing semiconductor devices using such photoresist compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing TPPA having low level of metal ions, utilizing treated ion exchange resins. A method is also provided for producing photoresist composition having a very low level of metal ions from such TPPA for producing semiconductor devices using such photoresist compositions.

Abstract: A dispensing device having a container body defining a solution retaining chamber therein, the container having an outlet for dispensing the solution from the chamber and means for removing a component from the solution as the solution is dispensed from the chamber through the container outlet. A method is provided for administering to a patient a pharmacologically active substance which substance is stable only at a pH value which is extreme in the acidic or alkaline region and at which pH value the substance cannot be administered without causing discomfort and/or injury to the patient. The substance is maintained in a solution or dispersion at the pH at which it is stable until the time of administration. At this time the substance is administered through a chamber containing an ion exchange resin which changes the pH of the solution or dispersion to a value which will not cause discomfort and/or injury to the patient.

Abstract: Simple and efficient methods for scavenging excess electrophiles from a reaction mixture are provided utilizing addition of water soluble nucleophiles or solid support bound nucleophiles. Resulting addition products are removed from reaction mixtures through convenient separation techniques.

Abstract: The present process is designed for removing elemental iodine and iodide ions from an aqueous solution containing iodine and iodide ions. This process employees a strong-base anion exchange resin. The resin comprises trialkyl amine groups each preferably comprising from alkyl groups containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The aqueous solution containing elemental iodine and iodide ions is passed through the resin and thereby treats the aqueous solution by removing elemental iodine and iodide ions therefrom. The volume of the aqueous solution passing through the resin until reaching the Breakthrough Point is at least about 8 liters per cubic centimeter.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing unwanted substances from media such as water and soil. Various industrial waste water streams can be treated simply and effectively to remove therefrom such unwanted substances as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, phenolics, salt, ethylene glycol, and strontium, and sea water can be similarly treated to remove salt as well as petroleum hydrocarbons therefrom. Waste water or sea water is contacted with zeolite in the presence of a surfactant, and optionally hydrophobic cellulose, to effect removal of the unwanted substances therefrom; and soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, salt or agricultural chemicals can be rejuvenated by mixing the soil with zeolite and a surfactant followed by washing. The apparatus and method provides simultaneous removal of a wide variety of unwanted substances from a feed stream passed therethrough, in contrast to prior art procedures effective to remove only one such substance per treatment.

Abstract: A method for removing sulphate ions from an aqueous solution of an alkali metal halide containing sulphate ions, which method comprises contacting said solution with a particulate, composite ion-exchange material comprising a hydrous oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium and cerium, dispersed on a support comprising a brine solution compatible material. Preferably the compatible material is selected from hydrous oxides of titanium, cerium and zirconium. An improved cost-effective practical method of sulphate removal is provided.

Abstract: Weakly basic anion exchangers of the poly(meth)acrylamide type which have been prepared by aminolysis of poly(meth)acrylonitrile or poly(meth)acrylate with polyamines of defined composition have an improved absorption capacity for sulphate ions and are suitable for selectively removing sulphate ions from aqueous liquids, in particular from sodium chloride brine and from waste waters.

Abstract: A process for removing selenium and/or arsenic from aqueous streams including industrial process waters and drinking water is provided comprising contacting the stream with a composition comprising lanthanum oxide whereby selenium and/or arsenic are adsorbed. Preferred compositions comprise lanthanum oxide and alumina.

Abstract: A process for concentrating a waste sulphuric acid stream containing metal sulphates including iron sulphate comprises the steps of subjecting the stream to an ion exchange operation to produce an acid-rich stream and a salt-rich stream and, concentrating the acid-rich stream to produce a concentrated sulphuric acid stream.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a process for the production of cellulose molded bodies. This process has the following steps:(A) dissolving cellulose in an aqueous solution of a tertiary amine-oxide to produce a moldable cellulose solution,(B) molding said cellulose solution and conducting said molded cellulose solution into an aqueous precipitation bath, wherein the cellulose is precipitated, thus producing a molded body and a spent precipitation bath, and(C) purifying said spent precipitation bath by contacting said precipitation bath with an ion exchanger, thus producing a purified aqueous amine-oxide solution which, optionally after concentration, is re-used again in step (A) as a cellulose solvent. In this process, the ion exchanger comprises a cellulose carrier which has attached groups which are capable of exchanging ions.

Abstract: A water or wastewater purification process is described for reducing selenium and arsenic concentrations in contaminated water or wastewater streams. Iron loaded cation exchange resins, when contacted with contaminated water or wastewater streams are effective to form immobilized complexes with selenite and arsenate contaminants. The iron loaded resins can be easily regenerated by sequential treatment with acid and a solution of a soluble iron salt.

Abstract: An iodine capture system, and related method, comprising a biological liquid conduit and, disposed therein, a polyvinyl acetate-alcohol-acetal porous body, and methods of using the same are disclosed.

Abstract: In a brine treatment method of removing sulfate ions from sulfate-ion contained brine, sulfate-ion contained brine is brought into dispersive contact with granular ion exchange resin carrying zirconium hydrous oxide thereon in a fluid state under an acidic condition to thereby cause the sulfate ions to be adsorbed by the ion exchange resin and removed from the brine, then the granular ion exchange resin is washed with aqueous solution whose pH value is equal to or lower than a pH value in the adsorbing step, thereby removing chloride ions from the granular ion exchange resin, then in a fluid state, the granular ion exchange resin adsorbing the sulfate ions is brought into dispersive contact with aqueous solution of pH value higher than the pH value in the adsorbing step, thereby desorbing the adsorbed sulfate ions from the granular ion exchange resin, and then the granular ion exchange resin is washed with water.

Abstract: Raw water is made acidic so that the pH is not more than 4.5 and heated in the presence of an oxidizing agent to decompose TOC components in the raw water, and then deionized, thereby producing ultrapure water having a greatly low concentration of organic matters.

Abstract: A method of producing an alkali metal carbonate, e.g. sodium carbonate, comprises passing a solution or suspension of the alkali metal chloride and bicarbonate over an ion exchange resin which is chloride retaining and has a basicity greater than that of the bicarbonate ion. The product is an aqueous or suspension of the alkali metal carbonate. In the case where the alkali metal is sodium, the product may be used for brine purification in a conventionl Ammonia Soda process.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of ion exchange resins having metal-exchanged thiol functional groups in removing iodide impurities from carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides. More particularly, this invention provides a process for removing iodide impurities from liquid carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides using ion exchange resins in which thiol functional groups have been exchanged with silver, palladium or mercury.

Abstract: A method for producing pure water is provided which reduces non-ionic silica in pure or ultrapure water. With the method, non-ionic silica which is contained in water is brought into contact with ozone having a concentration of at least 1 ppm for at least 20 minutes to react therewith and, simultaneously with or after this reaction process, irradiated with ultraviolet rays to undergo ionization and passed through an anion exchange column. The processed water passed through this ion exchange resin column contains practically no non-ionic silica.

Abstract: Contaminating amounts of sulfate ions are removed from aqueous saline solutions comprised thereof by (i) contacting such saline solution with a zirconium compound, at an acidic pH, (ii) separating the resulting medium into (a) a saline solution depleted in sulfate ions and (b) a zirconium compound onto which said sulfate ions are sorbed, (iii) desorbing the sulfate ions from the stage (ii) zirconium compound at a basic pH, and (iv) separating the medium of desorption into (1) a basic aqueous solution enriched in sulfate ions and (2) a zirconium compound substantially devoid of sulfate ions, with the proviso that the zirconium compound is a novel hydrated zirconium hydroxide having the formula Zr(OH).sub.4 .multidot.xH.sub.2 O, in which x ranges from 4 to 200, and such zirconium compound comprising an undried gelatinous precipitate thereof.

Abstract: A process is provided for the removal of fluoride from a metal sulphate solution, such as a zinc sulphate solution, which presents an option for the disposal of waste treatment sludge from the aluminum anodizing industry. The fluoride is removed from metal sulphate solution by mixing the sludge with the solution for a predetermined period of time and then performing a solid/liquid separation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process and a system for removing inorganic carbon in the form of free and dissolved CO.sub.2 from aqueous solutions. The process and the system contemplate the use of a thermally regenerable and optionally thermally sterilizable ion exchange resin for adsorption of inorganic carbon. As a result, the need for regeneration of the resin by chemical means is obviated and expendable resin quantities are reduced. Therefore, the present invention will be especially useful in spacecraft and planet based applications where the need exists for reduced weight and volume water processing systems.

Abstract: A method for demineralizing water or an aqueous solution, which comprises contacting the water or the aqueous solution to be treated to a strongly basic anion exchanger made of a crosslinked polymer having a constituting unit of the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A is a C.sub.1-2 linear alkylene group, B is a C.sub.4-8 linear alkylene group, each of R1, R2 and R3 which may be the same or different, is a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group or a C.sub.2-4 alkanol group, X is a counter ion coordinated on the ammonium group, and the benzene ring D may have an alkyl group or a halogen atom as a substituent.

Abstract: Selenium compounds present in aqueous liquids containing sulfate and or chloride anions can be effectively removed by passing the liquid through a thiouronium modified anion ion exchange resin.

Abstract: The invention is for a process of removing anions from an organic solution, especially one having base labile components. The process comprises modifying an anion exchange resin by treatment with a solution of a source of anions less basic than the hydroxyl anion and contacting said modified ion exchange resin with an organic solution containing anions. The process is especially useful for treating photoresist compositions.

Abstract: Corrosion metal contaminants are removed from a liquid composition comprising a carboxylic acid and/or an anhydride thereof, a rhodium carbonylation catalyst, and a carbonylation catalyst co-promoter by using a chelating resin selective for the removal of corrosion metals rather than carbonylation catalyst and co-promoter.