Abstract: A cooking apparatus includes a cooking chamber and user interface, which includes a controller, display, and memory for storing recipes. The display is coupled to the controller and displays recipes. A method includes selectively displaying recipes and selecting a manual or recipe mode. In the manual mode, a heat setting and cooking time is selected. The selected cooking time is decremented in predetermined increments and the heating element is energized in accordance with the selected heat setting, after which the heating element is energized according to a keep warm setting for a predetermined time, following which it is de-energized. In the recipe mode, a main menu is displayed, from which the user selects a recipe category. A sub menu is displayed, from which the user selects a recipe identifier associated with the selected recipe category. A list of ingredients for the selected recipe identifier is then displayed.

Abstract: A heating device for heating biological specimens is comprised of an electric pressure cooker with a pressure gauge, and a temperature sensor connected to a controller with a temperature display and a temperature alert. The controller is arranged to heat the specimen at a selectable temperature for a selectable time period. The quality control process is comprised of placing in the cooker a heat sensitive pH indicating retrieval solution, and a heat and pressure sensitive steam strip. When the set temperature has been reached, the actual temperature and pressure are recorded. When the cooker is opened after heating, the pH indicating solution is checked for color change that indicates a pH change, and the steam strip is checked for color change that indicates predetermined temperature and pressure levels have been reached.

Abstract: An electric cooking appliance, such as a fryer, having a receptacle provided to receive a cooking liquid, the receptacle being disposed at least partially in a casing having a lateral wall, and an electric connector mounted in an opening of the lateral wall of the casing, the electric connector being provided to cooperate with a mating electric connector connected at the end of a power supply cord. The lateral wall of the casing has an outer rim disposed above the opening, creating a conduit, or trough, that is arranged to keep any liquid that is flowing along the lateral wall of the casing at a distance from the electric connector mounted in the casing.

Abstract: An electronic drinking mug includes a heating element in thermal communication with the mug for heating a liquid contained in the mug, a temperature sensoring in communication with the heating element for monitoring a temperature of the liquid, a controller in communication with the temperature sensor and the heating element for selectively activating and deactivating the heating element so as to heat the liquid in the mug to a desired temperature. In operation, the controller receives temperature readings from the temperature sensor and deactivates the heating element when the monitored temperature of the liquid is greater than or equal to the desired user preset temperature of the liquid. A user interface is attached to the mug and in communication with the controller for establishing the desired temperature of the liquid.

Abstract: The Electrical Heater Lid is a cover-type food cooking and warming apparatus that provides surface cooking by evenly passing intense heat over the food being cooked in a pot, pan, or skillet. Many foods require surface heat to eliminate flipping the food over in the utensil. Such foods are cooked better and more quickly if both sides of the food can be cooked simultaneously, and the invention is directed toward such foodstuff. The apparatus fits on and covers the top of various sizes of pots, pans, or skillets for broiling, cooking, heating, sealing the surface of food products, and helping steaming process of steamed rice.

Abstract: A device and method for the removal of excess embedding tissue from histological samples comprising a plate with heating elements. The plate has at least one trench and a plurality of grooves at the surface of the plate. The plate is arranged at a slight angle as compared to a horizontal plane. Once the device reaches working temperature the user slide the cassette, with extra embedding medium down the surface of the plate. The extra embedding medium melts from the cassette and runs through the plurality of grooves to the trench and finally to a receptacle.

Abstract: A heatable container assembly for heating liquids placed in the container. The heatable container assembly includes a base unit with a heating coil, a container positionable on the base unit, and a heatable gel positioned within a bottom chamber of the container.

Abstract: A control device for an electrical cooking appliance having a case, a bowl and a heating element associated with the bowl.

Abstract: A liquid heating vessel, such as a kettle, enables user selection of the temperature to which the liquid is to be heated. A thermal sensor is provided which is responsive to the temperature of the heating element. During the heating cycle, the operation of the heating element is interrupted, and temperature samples are obtained as the element cools. Analysis of the temperature decay function of the heating element during the interruption enables the liquid volume to be estimated, as well as the time required to heat the liquid to the selected temperature.

Abstract: A controller for controlling the cooking of food within a cooking apparatus. The controller is comprised of a temperature sensor input for receiving an output of a temperature sensor and a system for initiating a cook of a food product based upon a set cook temperature and a set cook time. Plural indications of incremental energy that is absorbed by the food product during the cook are determined, wherein each of the plural indications of incremental energy is based upon a difference between a temperature determined at the temperature sensor input and a desired internal temperature of the food product. The end of the cook is established when the total of the plural indications of incremental energy is one of equal to and greater than an ideal energy to prepare the food product based upon the set cook time and the cook temperature.

Abstract: A multiple container slow cooker device that includes a manual disabling mechanism for manually disabling the cooking element of one of the food cooking containers and an automatic cooking element disabling mechanism for disconnecting the cooking element of any cooking container not at least partially filled. The multiple container slow cooker device includes a cooker housing having at least two cooking container insertion cavities formed therein each defined by a housing cavity portion, at least two cooking element circuits installed within the cooker housing; and at least two cooking container assemblies each including a lower container member sized to fit into one of the at least two cooking container insertion cavities and a transparent lid member sized to cover an opening of the lower container member.

Abstract: A unique instant-on feature for a cooking device that allows microprocessor control of the device after a period of idling. When activated, the instant-on enabler switch sends a signal to the microprocessor, which checks an internal clock to determine the amount of time the device has remained idle since the last cook cycle. This information is sent back to the instant-on enabler switch, which then selects among an appropriate array of cooking times. These times, longer than the initial pre-set cooking time, are based on testing and compensate for the degree of heat zone stratification in the cooking medium or surface caused by the extended idling. The instant-on enabler program immediately supplies additional heat to the cooking surface upon activation cooking cycle or operator input, allowing the maximum time for the cooking surface to reach proper cooking temperature.

Abstract: Electric cooking apparatus comprising an insulating enclosure (12) which has spaced inner and outer shells (13, 14). A cooking vessel (22) is mounted removably in the enclosure at a distance from the inner shell (14). An electric heating device (30) comprising a sheathed heating resistance (26) extends flat and in direct contact with the bottom (24) of the vessel (22). The heating device comprises a heat reflector (38) mounted fixedly on the inner shell (14) and disposed at a small distance (d) below the resistance (26) so as to concentrate the thermal radiation of the resistance over all the bottom of the vessel. The apparatus is of particular utility when embodied in an electric deep fat fryer.

Abstract: A rice cooker is placed on a turntable, and uncooked rice is poured thereinto. As the uncooked rice is poured-in, a motor rotates the turntable alternately clockwise and counterclockwise to cause the rice to be evenly distributed therein. The cooker carries a signal emitter which is received by a receiver that is connected to the motor for controlling the motor.

Abstract: The field of the invention concerns heating or cooking appliances. The cooking appliance comprises a casing (2) enclosing an integrated fixed or removable cooking receptacle (1) and heating means thermally connected to the cooking receptacle (1), means (3) for detecting, firstly, whether the cooking receptacle (1) is substantially empty and, in this case, opening the electrical supply circuit of the heating means, and secondly, for detecting whether the cooking receptacle (1) is filled so as to attain the predefined minimum weight, and, in this case, closing the electrical supply circuit of the heating means. According to the invention, the detection means (30) are operable by placing the cooking receptacle (1) in the casing, and by closing the lid (3).

Abstract: An electric cooker includes a unitary cast metal cooking vessel and a generally cylindrical base ring sized to mate with a perimeter flange of the cooking vessel. The base ring includes a number of support legs integrally molded therein for support of the cooker as well as a receptacle opening into a first side opening in the base ring for accommodating a pair of power terminal pins via a removable pin attachment block. A base plate, preferably made of metal, includes a center hole positioned to mate with a center boss formed in the cooking vessel bottom and a number of slots are formed in the periphery of the plate to accommodate the molded legs of the base ring.

Abstract: The griddle of this invention includes a temperature adjustment element for adjusting a cooking temperature for a material such as meat and vegetable, a thin plate having a small heat capacity for heating the material, an adiabatic frame for supporting the thin plate with an adiabatic structure, a plurality of heating elements for heating the thin plate, a plurality of temperature sensors for measuring temperatures of a plurality of positions on the thin plate, and a power distribution element for determining power to be distributed to each of the heating elements based on the outputs from the temperature sensors and the cooking temperature.

Abstract: Electric cooking apparatus having a base (1) in the shape of a frame with an open bottom, a removable pan (2) adapted to rest on the base, a cooking grille (3) for food disposed above the pan (2), and an electric heating resistance (4) disposed below the grille (3) on a support (5) and including a handle (6) adapted to rest in a recess (8) of the base (1). The handle (6) comprises a control switch (9) for the supply of electricity to the resistance (4) whose closing is subordinated, on the one hand, to the correct positioning of the handle (6) in the recess (8), and, on the other hand, to the actuation of an actuator or a transmitter (10) fixed to the base and adapted to detect the presence of the pan (2) on the base (1). The transmitter (10) is a member mounted movably on the base (1) whose one end (11) is adapted to come into contact with the pan (2) and whose other end (12) is adapted to control the switch (9).

Abstract: A multipurpose cooker, which includes a cooker body a cover hinged to the cooker body, an inner casing fixedly mounted within the cooker body, an electric heater supported on springs inside the inner casing, a heating control circuit, an inductor disposed inside the inner casing, an inner pan received within the inner casing and supported on the electric heater, wherein the inner pan is forced by the cover to contact the inductor when the cover is closed, causing the heating control circuit to turn on the electric heater; the electric heater is lifted by the springs to move the inner pan away from the inductor when the cover is opened, causing the heating control circuit to turn off the electric heater.

Abstract: An improved cooking apparatus or cooker which heats and cooks food items in a cooking liquid medium by effectively controlling the temperature of the liquid medium. The cooker starts forcible combustion irrespective of the temperature of the liquid medium detected by a temperature sensor when the operator presses a forcible combustion switch. This system minimizes a time lag between placing food items into the cooking liquid medium and start of combustion, which is attributable to the uneven temperature distribution and convection of the cooking liquid medium, thus efficiently reducing undesirable temperature drop of the cooking liquid medium due to cold food items. Alternatively, the cooker determines presence of food items in the cooking liquid medium according to the downward slope in temperature instead of a press of the forcible combustion switch and automatically starts forcible combustion.

Abstract: An oil fryer control system simultaneously controlling oil temperature and cooking time. A proportional, integral and derivative temperature control is used to maintain the oil temperature below and above a predetermined set point temperature. In addition, a cooking time control varies the cooking time within a predetermined range of temperature error as a function of a stored time-temperature relationship. The invention provides the capability of cooking different products having different cooking parameters in the same or different oil vats.

Abstract: A temperature-controlled laboratory heating apparatus consisting of a flexible electrical heater wrapped around the exterior surface of a conventional glass or metal beaker and permanently encased within a rubber molding forming an insulating ring around it. The heater is electrically connected to a power source through an integrated-circuit temperature control panel. A thermistor is mounted against the outside surface of the beaker within the rubber molding and is connected to the control panel to regulate the flow of current through the electrical heater to reach and maintain the temperature set by the user. In one embodiment of the invention, the current through the heater is automatically regulated to optimize the time required to heat the liquid in the beaker to the desired temperature and to then deliver trickle currents, as needed, to minimize fluctuations from the set-point.

Abstract: A control device of an electric rice cooker in which the temperature and time is precisely controlled for both boiling rice and warming the boiled rice by a program stored in a microprocessor. The control device includes a temperature detector, a boiling heater switch, a warming heater switch, a trigger signal generator, a microprocessor, a mode selector for selecting cooking modes and a voltage detector for detecting 220V or 100V AC power. In the present invention, soaking of rice before boiling, boiling the rice and warming the boiled rice can be performed thoroughly.

Abstract: A flowable medium, such as a liquid, a semi-liquid, or a liquid containing particulate matter, can be automatically dispensed in a premeasured amount or in a continuous stream. When the flowable medium is being dispensed in a premeasured amount, such amount is isolated from the remainder of the flowable medium during the dispensing operation so that it can be dispensed independently of any head pressure created by the remainder of the flowable medium. By using a temperature sensor in combination with a microcomputer system for the purpose of detecting large fluctuations in the temperature of the flowable medium, it is also possible to determine when the remainder of the flowable medium reaches a low level condition.

Abstract: A heating system, a deep fat fryer, control devices therefor and methods of making the same are provided, the control device comprising a temperature sensing unit for sensing the actual temperature of the output heating effect of a heat producing unit, and a setpoint unit for selecting a desired setpoint temperature that the heat producing unit is to provide with the output heating effect thereof, the control device being so constructed and arranged that the same is adapted to tend to cause the heat producing unit to provide the desired setpoint temperature with the output heating effect thereof, the control device being so constructed and arranged that the same is adapted to turn off the heat producing unit if the actual rate of change of the temperature of the output heating effect thereof is greater than a target rate of change thereof when the actual temperature of the output heating effect at that time is below the desired setpoint temperature and to turn on the heat producing unit if the actual rate of

Abstract: A heating system, a deep fat fryer, control devices therefor and methods of making the same are provided, the control device comprising a temperature sensing unit for sensing the actual temperature of the output heating effect of a heat producing unit, and a setpoint unit for selecting a desired setpoint temperature that the heat producing unit is to provide with the output heating effect thereof, the control device being so constructed and arranged that the same is adapted to tend to cause the heat producing unit to provide the desired setpoint temperature with the output heating effect thereof, the control device being so constructed and arranged that the same is adapted to turn off the heat producing unit if the actual rate of change of the temperature of the output heating effect thereof is greater than a target rate of change thereof when the actual temperature of the output heating effect at that time is below the desired setpoint temperature and to turn on the heat producing unit if the actual rate of

Abstract: A temperature control system for cooking apparatus, for example, a fryer using cooking oil or shortening which is heated by a suitable heating element. The cooking apparatus has different modes of operation including start-up mode, idle mode and cooking mode. Overshoot to a temperature above the setpoint temperature is limited during start-up mode, idle mode and cooking mode with the apparatus having different temperature control characteristics based on the mode of operation and adapting variable parameters to achieve optimum temperature control accuracy.

Abstract: A heater assembly includes a heater with an electrical resistance wire element bonded between first and second layers of silicone rubber insulation. First and second conductor plates each having inner and outer surfaces are clamped together with the heater between their inner surfaces. A resettable, thermostatic switch is mounted on the outer surface of one of the conductor plates and opens when the conductor plate reaches a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the operation of a commercial deep-fryer cooker as used in preparing fried chicken or other food products. The controller (11), according to the invention, has been designed to control essentially all aspects of the cooking process and includes a number of features which enhance the flexibility of the system, allow it to be operated with greater efficiency and provide increased safeguards against accident or machine malfunction.Among the features provided by the invention is the capability of lengthening or shortening or changing the ending temperature of a cooking cycle without changing the overall cooking cycle. This permits fast changes to be made in a cooking cycle, even while it is in progress.The system also provides protection against a power failure by saving essential data relating to an interrupted cooking cycle so that the cycle can be resumed if the power is restored within a prescribed period of time.

Abstract: A programmable multi-function feedback cooking apparatus senses the temperature of food substance or a liquid cooking inside a vessel. The analog voltage produced by a temperature transducer is translated into a digital signal and is used by a central processing means which automatically adjusts the amount of heat energy that is applied by the heat source to the cooking food substance. In preferred embodiments, the generating means is a conventional gas or electric stove, oven or microwave. The programmable electronic feedback cooking apparatus comprises a temperature transducer which is placed inside a cooking vessel, an analog-to-digital converter, a microprocessor unit, and a control panel. The apparatus includes in a preferred embodiment, a remote control feature whereby the operator may program the electronic feedback cooking apparatus from a remote location, using a telephone.

Abstract: A turbine rotor disassembly, handling and reassembly apparatus employs a feedback-controlled electric heating oven to rapidly heat a turbine wheel while the rotor shaft is in the horizontal position. An adapter interfaces the wheel to a handling spool whose outboard end is adjusted to slide on the rotor shaft and to provide a fulcrum for supporting the wheel. A handling trolley includes a soft hydraulic system for supporting the weight of the wheel to avoid damaging the precision machined surfaces of the shrink-fit area while the wheel is being withdrawn. The handling apparatus also provides means for upending, or rotating, the removed wheel through 90 degrees to place its axis vertical for facilitating handling. A sensor system senses a radial motion of the wheel to detect clearance and to establish an appropriate fluid pressure to just balance the weight of the wheel and attached parts. The handling system includes means for rotating the wheel slightly during reassembly to align keyways or the like.

Abstract: An electric dual and quick cooking utensil includes, as usual, an outer casing, an inner pot movably provided in the outer casing, and a hood detachably coupled with the upper rim of the outer casing with respect to the inner pot. In addition to a grip and a plurality of air vents integrally formed thereto, the hood includes a metal hub, a hollow pipe, and a first heater respectively installed therein for baking operation. A pair of magnetic-type switches separately installed on the hood and the outer casing for providing power supply to the first heater. A hollow base is integrally coupled with the lower portion of the outer casing with a plurality of plates separately provided in the upper portion of the hollow base. A second heater and a blowing fan are respectively disposed on the plates, and a sensing device coupled with an IC board is installed in a round plate in conjunction with the inner pot.

Abstract: A system to control and regulate heat output during the heat-up phase of a pressure cooker heated by a heating element which can be turned on and off by means of a control circuit. The heat-up phase is adjusted, depending on the rate of temperature increase before it reaches the boiling temperature, and is controlled by a different program after the boiling temperature is reached, which determines rates of further temperature increases and also the temperature differentials between a preset cooking temperature and the current cooking temperature. Using this apparatus, the cooking temperature can be reached as quickly as possible, regardless of the characteristics of the heating phase, dependent upon the type and amount of cooking material in the pressure cooker. Energy utilization efficiency can be increased and the preset cooking temperature not exceeded.

Abstract: A turbine rotor disassembly, handling and reassembly apparatus employs a feedback-controlled electric heating oven to rapidly heat a turbine wheel while the rotor shaft is in the horizontal position. An adapter interfaces the wheel to a handling spool whose outboard end is adjusted to slide on the rotor shaft and to provide a fulcrum for supporting the wheel. A handling trolley includes a soft hydraulic system for supporting the weight of the wheel to avoid damaging the precision machined surfaces of the shrink-fit area while the wheel is being withdrawn. The handling apparatus also provides means for upending, or rotating, the removed wheel through 90 degrees to place its axis vertical for facilitating handling. A sensor system senses a radial motion of the wheel to detect clearance and to establish an appropriate fluid pressure to just balance the weight of the wheel and attached parts. The handling system includes means for rotating the wheel slightly during reassembly to align keyways or the like.

Abstract: An electrical solder pot has a base with a hollow interior. A housing member also having a hollow interior attaches to the top of the base. The housing member further includes an opening at its top. A threaded socket is fitted in the base so as to accept a heating element which is oriented vertically within the hollow interior of the combined base and housing member. The heating element includes a threaded connector positioned near the opening in the top of the housing and accepts a threaded solder container. The solder container attaches to the top of the heating element and is positioned above the opening in the housing. The heating element includes an internal thermal conducting member located within a tube with an appropriate socket connector on the tube so as to connect to the socket in the base. A monolithic burnt ceramic heater is positioned within a cavity in the thermal conducting member.

Abstract: A temperature controller for a deep fat fryer including a temperature sensing circuit that determines the temperature of cooking oil in the deep fat fryer and which is connected to a temperature control circuit that controls the deep fat fryer heat source in providing heat to the cooking oil in response to a set temperature from an external input device. The control circuit also includes an anticipation circuit that variably modulates the heating source before the cooking oil temperature approaches the set temperature. The temperature control circuit further includes a resistor divider network that provides selected voltages representing reference temperatures and which are input to several operational amplifiers for controlling the heat source.

Abstract: A temperature control means for a cooking griddle wherein a tubular thermostat is clamped to the bottom of the griddle plate, shielded from direct engagement by the heating medium and having a predetermined portion of the temperature sensing bulb of the thermostat directly exposed to the heating medium for cooperation with the actuating fluid in the thermostat tube so as to operate the on-off switch of the heating medium within a temperature range of about 5 degrees F.

Abstract: An electric rice cooker is disclosed which has a cooking pot or kettle for containing rice and water, an electrical cooking heater provided adjacent to the outside surface of the kettle for heating the kettle and its contents, a thermal insulating frame structure including a removable lid member, and a kettle temperature measuring device including a thermally sensitive resistor. A connection failure of the thermally sensitive resistor is detected after a specified time interval has lapsed after starting the cooking operation. The detection is carried out in accordance with a decrease in level of the output from the kettle temperature measuring device, thereby stopping the supply of power to the heater and at the same time informing the operator of the connection failure.

Abstract: The output of a first bridge circuit including as one component element a thermistor for detecting the temperature of a pan is compared with a preset value in a first operational amplifier. The first operational amplifier provides a low level output when the detected temperature is below a predetermined temperature. When this low level output is supplied to a second operational amplifier, the output thereof goes to a high level to turn on a transistor so as to energize a relay for passing current to a cooking heater. When a cooking end temperature is reached, the internal resistance of the thermistor is reduced, and as a result the output of the first operational amplifier goes to a high level, causing the output of the second operational amplifier to go to a low level. Thus, a warming heater is energized while the cooking heater is de-energized.

Abstract: A power control system for a heating element in a cooking appliance having a plurality of possible power settings which provides transient Fast-Heat and Fast-Cool operating modes initiated in response to user-initiated changes to higher or lower appliance power settings, respectively, to reduce the response required for the heating element temperature to reach the operating temperature associated with the new power setting. Approximate heating element temperature information is provided to the control system by an energy counter which is incremented at a rate which is approximately proportional to the rate of increase of the heating element when energized at the power level being implemented. This information is used to prevent initiation of a transient mode if the temperature of the element when the change in setting is made is such that operation in that mode is likely to overshoot the desired new operating temperature.

Abstract: A heater for cups and fluids therein having an adjustable heat selector, heating circuitry and temperature stabilization circuitry, comprising a base support, an electrical circuit enclosing housing, an opening in an upper substantially horizontal surface of the housing for a heating element plate and heat sensor, and an upright section of the housing enclosing additional circuitry having a vertical, substantially cylindrical surface facing the heating element plate, substantially rectangular vertical surfaces for the remaining three sides of the upright section, the vertical substantially cylindrical surface and the substantially rectangular vertical surfaces forming an open-topped receptacle having inner partitions and a closed bottom for receiving assorted personal articles.

Abstract: An electric rice cooker is disclosed which performs auxiliary cooking such as "twice cooking" by changing the operating time of auxiliary cooking in accordance with the actual cooking amount, immediately after the main cooking is completed. The actual temperature of a kettle which contains rice and water and which is detachably mounted in a thermal insulating frame is measured by a thermistor. Upon deenergization of an electric heater after main cooking is completed, the actual kettle temperature decreases. A time interval for the kettle temperature to go from a first temperature at the completion of main cooking to a second temperature is closely related to the actual cooking amount. The auxiliary cooking time interval is determined by a control circuit arranged in a case in accordance with the time interval described above.

Abstract: An electrically energized heater is provided which has particular application as a dry disinfecting and sterilizing device for items such as soft lenses, dental handpieces, baby bottles, or the like, which cannot be placed in sterilizing solutions, and which cannot be subjected to excessive temperatures. The unit includes a housing, and a heat conductive substance such as wax, oil, or both, contained in the housing and used as a uniform heat transfer medium between electrical heating elements in the housing and the surface of a well which also is supported in the housing.

Abstract: There is disclosed a disinfecting unit specifically designed for false or artificial dentures. The unit includes a base providing a cavity, having a support wall partially defined by a heater block. A receptacle for the dentures is provided, which is of sufficient size to accommodate dentures and a quantity of disinfecting solution. The support wall is spaced from the bottom wall of the base to accommodate the circuit and operating components, which include a re-set thermostat and a rockably mounted lever for operation of said re-set thermostat.

Abstract: A coffeemaker is provided with a power circuit and a control circuit. The power circuit is connected to a household source of electric power and it is activated by a relay switch. The control circuit includes a relay coil for the switch, and a triac that may be triggered into conduction when a turn on signal from an electronic timer module is applied to the control terminal of the triac simultaneously with the application of direct current control circuit voltage across the triac. Thereafter, the triac remains in its conductive state so long as the direct current flowing through the triac remains above a minimum level. Subsequent removal of the turn on signal from the control terminal of the triac has no effect on the operation of the power circuit which includes the coffeemaker heating means so long as the direct current flowing through the triac remains above a minimum level.

Abstract: The electric cooking appliance has a casing for receiving a removable vessel in which food to be cooked is placed. An electrical heating element is provided in the casing for heating the vessel. The supply of electrical power to the heating element is controlled by a control device including a supply switch and a manually settable control circuit arranged during the normal cooking phase to intermittently place the supply switch in its conducting state so that power is supplied to the heating element intermittently. Prior to the normal cooking phase, the control circuit maintains the supply switch continuously in its conducting state for an initial period of time which is independent of the manual setting of the control circuit.

Abstract: A solid-state control circuit for selectively operating a deep fat fryer in a normal cook mode, a lower temperature hold mode, a fat melt mode and a safety thermostat test mode. During operation in the cook mode, a reference bias voltage is coupled to one input of a voltage comparator, and an operating bias voltage dependent on the temperature control setting and the actual cooking fat temperature sensed by a NTC resistive sensor is coupled to a second input of the comparator such that the comparator is effective to enable heating elements in the cooking fat when the fat temperature drops below the preset level. After a predetermined time interval during which the fryer is not being used, a timing circuit acts to vary the reference bias voltage and the operating bias voltage supplied to the comparator and thereby reduce the temperature of the fat to the lower preset hold mode temperature.

Abstract: A temperature controller for use with a fryer of the type comprising a vat containing cooking oil and heater, such as a gas burner or electrical heating element, for heating cooking oil comprises a temperature probe for sensing the temperature of the cooking oil, a temperature selector switch producing a signal corresponding to the selected temperature for the cooking oil and also producing a signal corresponding to a normal temperature approximately 25.degree. below the selected temperature. A heat demand comparator produces a heat demand signal when the temperature of the cooking oil is below the selected temperature. A normal temperature comparator compares the temperature of the cooking oil with the normal temperature and provides a signal when the cooking oil is in the normal temperature range, and a cooking gate inhibits this signal if cooking is taking place in the fryer. A heating element control oscillator provides pulses.

Abstract: An immersible, floatable aquarium heater is provided, with universal mounting bracket which will accommodate both the old and new types of aquarium construction. The heater includes a sealing cap incorporating integrally the control knob spindle and the power line for the heater. The arrangement provides a triple seal to protect the vital heater controls from high humidity in the aquarium environment, with the seal preventing leakage in case of accidental submersion of the entire heater. The control knob of the heater includes a tamper-proof feature to avoid adjustments beyond a 10.degree. range, unless actually required.

Abstract: The shaver warmer of this invention includes a heat transfer portion which almost closely fits the shaver head of the electric shaver to be warmed. A heat supply portion is directly connected to the heat transfer portion and a temperature control portion controls the heating temperature by detecting the temperature of the heat transfer portion. The shaving head of the electric shaver can thereby be heated to a predetermined temperature in a relatively short time so that advantage may be taken of the relatively large thermal capacity of the shaving head of an electric shaver.