Abstract: An electrical apparatus for removing ice and snow from the exterior top surface of the roof of a vehicle comprises at least one electrical heating element disposed against, and in direct contact with, the interior bottom surface of the roof. The heating element may be installed by the vehicle manufacturer or may be retrofit, and in the case of an automobile having a roof liner, the heating element is disposed below and in contact with the roof, but above the liner. Current to the heating element may be controlled by the vehicle's rear window defogger switch, through a relay.

Abstract: A step of preparing a stack is performed to position each single-crystal substrate in a first single-crystal substrate group and a first base substrate face to face with each other, position each single-crystal substrate in a second single-crystal substrate group and a second base substrate face to face with each other, and stack the first single-crystal substrate group, the first base substrate, an insertion portion, the second single-crystal substrate group, and the second base substrate in one direction in this order. Next, the stack is heated so as to allow a temperature of the stack to reach a temperature at which silicon carbide can sublime and so as to form a temperature gradient in the stack with the temperature thereof getting increased in the above-described direction. In this way, silicon carbide substrates can be manufactured efficiently.

Abstract: In order to provide a heating body where the occurrence of excessive surface temperatures in certain spots or also in large areas is avoided, a heating body is suggested wherein the heat source and the body element are connected with each other by lamellae arranged between them.

Abstract: The present technology provides for a heater substrate that contains networks of heater elements configured to controllably and selectively deliver heat to one or more PCR reaction chambers in a microfluidic substrate with which the heater substrate makes contact. In exemplary embodiments, the heater substrate can deliver heat to 12, 24, 48, or 96 chambers independently of one another, or simultaneously. The heater substrate is located in a heater unit that may be introduced into a diagnostic apparatus that can receive and position a microfluidic substrate, such as in a cartridge, in contact with the heater unit, receive one or more polynucleotide containing samples into one or more lanes in the microfluidic substrate, and cause amplification of the polynucleotides to occur, and detect presence of absence of specified polynucleotides in the amplified samples.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are more energy efficient heaters for dispensing volatile air treatment chemicals. The heaters have a housing with a base and a cover, the base and cover together defining an enclosure with an internal generally ring-shaped cavity and an axial through bore. One of the base and cover has an essentially cylindrical extension that is integral therewith, extends towards the other of the base and cover, and forms a portion of the axial through bore. First and second electrical contacts are positioned in the cavity with portions overlapping against a heater. A metallic heat transfer sleeve formed separately from the base and cover is positioned radially outward and around the essentially cylindrical extension, and has a flange abutting one of the contacts. Also disclosed are dispensers that incorporate these heaters.

Abstract: A microheater and a microheater array are provided. The microheater includes a substrate, a column disposed on the substrate and a bridge supported by the column. A width of a portion of a bridge formed on the column is less than a width of a portion of the bridge that does not contact the column. The bridge may include a spring component.

Abstract: A heating structure includes at least a substrate, a carbon-material film layer which is coated on a surface of the substrate and two electrodes which are provided at two sides of the carbon-material film layer. A surface of the substrate that is coated with the carbon-material film layer is a rough surface to increase a heat transfer area between the substrate and the carbon-material film layer, thereby improving a heat transfer efficiency and at a same time, increasing an adhesive force between the carbon-material film layer and the substrate to prevent the carbon-material film layer from dropping out.

Abstract: A tubular heater includes a continuous heat-generating resistance element formed in a predetermined pattern on one surface of a tubular insulating substrate, and first and second lead wires connected opposite ends of the heat-generating resistance element and extending from one end of the tubular insulating substrate in a common axial direction of the tubular insulating substrate. The first and second lead wires are disposed in diametrically opposed relation to each other about a central axis of the tubular insulating substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating element for heating at least one surface contacted at times by a user, with a plurality of heating conductors or heating conductor sections that are directly or indirectly connected electrically to one another, at least in part by mutual contact, with at least one heating conductor or heating conductor section which, upon exceeding a permissible maximum temperature, at least temporarily loses its electrical conductivity at least in part. It is provided that the electrical resistance of at least two heating conductors or heating conductor sections is dependent at least in part on its mechanical strain, that these heating conductors or heating conductor sections are electrically connected to one another in parallel, and that they are separated from one another at least in sections by a spacing zone in order to prevent electrical connection between them in spacing zone.

Abstract: Provided are methods, devices and systems for controlled removal of thermal energy from a fluid within a thermally conducting metal conduit. The system allows for the in situ formation of a reversible plug that can stop the flow of fluid through the conduit, particularly without inducing thermally induced stress fractures or breaches in the conduit. The devices and systems include a thermal transfer device that can be adapted to be in thermal communication with a thermal conducting metal conduit containing a fluid, particularly a flowing fluid. The devices and systems allows for controlled re-heating of the conduit without inducing thermally induced stress fractures or breaches in the conduit to restore fluid flow through the conduit.

Abstract: An exemplary encapsulated high-voltage switch is disclosed which contains a heat-generating current conductor, a metal encapsulation surrounding the current conductor, and a cooling element. A cooler of the cooling element is fixed on a part of the encapsulation that is embodied as a mounting plate, and has cooling ribs arranged outside the encapsulation. In a section of the cooler that is embodied as a cooling block, at least a portion of the cooling ribs is arranged parallel to the mounting plate and is held on a heat distributor fixed to the mounting plate in such a way that on both sides of the heat distributor in each case one of two groups of cooling channels arises, in which the cooling channels are in each case arranged in the manner of a sandwich. The cooling channels can, for example, be oriented in a manner inclined relative to a horizontal axis of the switch.

Abstract: A heating apparatus and a method for producing a heating apparatus are specified. The heating apparatus comprises a pipe (10), which is suitable for conducting a medium and has an outer surface, and at least one injection-molded shaped body on the outer surface of the pipe (10). The shaped body comprises a material with a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance and is adapted to the outer surface of the pipe (10).

Abstract: The present invention concerns a electrical conducting (control) device (5). It is provided that it exhibits at least one conducting-part carrier (5.2) and at least one conducting part (5.1), which is disposed at least partially on and/or for the conducting-part carrier (5.2).

Abstract: The present invention provides a transparent electrically conductive substrate having excellent adhesive strength between a transparent electrically conducting film such as ITO and a metal electrode and between a plastic sheet or film substrate and the transparent electrically conducting film, wherein the transparent plastic film substrate, the transparent electrically conducting film, and the metal electrode are formed in this order. The transparent electrically conductive substrate is provided with a transparent electrically conducting film formed on one or both surfaces of the transparent plastic substrate, and a metal electrode on each transparent electrically conducting film, wherein the transparent electrically conductive substrate has a delamination strength of 0.5 kg/cm or higher between the plastic substrate and each layer.

Abstract: An electrical device includes a thermistor and at least two electrodes electrically connected to the thermistor and to which a source of electrical power is applied to cause current to flow through the thermistor. The thermistor may be a composite and includes a polymer material; and a plurality of conductive carbon nanotubes distributed in the polymer material. The electrical device employed with the thermistor performs not only PTC property, but also NTC property. Moreover, the method for fabricating the electrical device is also simple and easy to carry out because of the simple process.

Abstract: A gas sensor is equipped with a built-in ceramic heater. The gas sensor detects the concentration of a predetermined gas component contained in the exhaust gas. The ceramic heater has a heater base member made of ceramic, a heating element formed in the inside of the heater base material, and a pair of external electrode pads that is electrically connected to the output terminals for the outer leads. The external electrode pads, the heating element, and the heater leads are made of base metal. The outer surface of each external electrode pad is covered only with a dense protective film made of noble metal such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), and palladium (Pd).

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat emitting body including a) a transparent substrate, and b) a conductive heat emitting pattern having a boundary line shape of figures forming a Voronoi diagram and an intersection point part of boundary lines, at which two or more boundary lines meet each other, forming a curve on at least one side of the transparent substrate, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A transparent object comprising a transparent, electrically insulating substrate with an electrically conducting transparent coating is described. The transparent coating comprises at least one localized, structured, electrically heatable, transparent area. Methods to manufacture such transparent object are also described.

Abstract: A solid ink printer includes a melt plate configured to melt solid ink. A heater is connected to the melt plate in order to raise the temperature of the melt plate. The temperature of the melt plate is detected by a temperature sensor that is provided away from the surface of the melt plate but is configured to sense the temperature of the melt plate. A mount is positioned on the melt plate between the temperature sensor and the melt plate. The mount includes a mica layer and at least one polyimide film layer. The mount is arranged on the melt plate such that the mica layer of the mount may be adjacent to the melt plate and the polyimide film layer may be adjacent to the temperature sensor. A pressure sensitive adhesive may be used to connect the mount to the melt plate.

Abstract: A new metal fiber yarn is provided. The metal fiber yarn (10) constitutes a construction comprising continuous metal fibers (13) forming a metal fiber yarn. The construction comprises at least 5 bundles (12) of continuous metal fibers twisted together to form a yarn. Each of the metal fiber bundles (12) comprises at least 30 metal fibers (13). The yarn comprises at least one partial yarn (11), said partial yarn comprising at least two metal fiber bundles (13) twisted around each other with a predetermined number of torsions per meter.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a self-regulating electrical heating cable comprising: a first power supply conductor extending along the length of the cable; a second power supply conductor extending along the length of the cable; a third power supply conductor extending along the length of the cable; the first and second power supply conductors being in electrical connection with each other via a first electrically conductive heating element body having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, and the second and third power supply conductors being in electrical connection with each other via a second electrically conductive heating element body having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, and wherein, in use, the first, second and third power supply conductors are not physically connected to one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a unit for fixing a base body provided with a housing of a cigar lighter heating element, in particular for motor vehicles. The inventive fixing unit is used for fixing a button actuating said heating element. Said fixing unit comprises a fixing element fixable to the housing of the base body of the heating element and an adapter for fixing the button, wherein said adapter is adjustably inserted into the fixing element and is guided in such a way that it is axially displaceable with respect thereto. The fixing unit makes it possible to mount the button only at a last operation for assembling said heating element, thereby enabling the button, which is embodied in the form of a decorative element, not to be exposed to mechanical stresses produced during an assembling process and to prevent the button damage by assembling operations.

Abstract: Methods of forming a layered heater are provided that comprise at least one resistive layer comprising a resistive circuit pattern, the resistive circuit pattern defining a length, a thickness, and a spacing, wherein the thickness varies along the length of the trace of the resistive circuit pattern for a variable watt density. The methods include achieving the variable thickness by varying a dispensing rate of a conductive ink used to form the resistive circuit pattern, varying the feed rate of a target surface relative to the dispensing of the ink, and overwriting a volume of conductive ink on top of a previously formed trace of the resistive circuit pattern.

Abstract: There is provided a laminated sheet heater whose mounting space is small, a lead wire-equipped laminated sheet heater that requires only a small mounting space and provides high reliability of electrical connection between a heater element and a lead wire, a heater-equipped battery structure provided with the laminated sheet heater or the lead wire-equipped laminated sheet heater, and a heater unit. In a first lead wire-equipped laminated sheet heater, a foil heater element includes a heater terminal portion protruding into a film void part in a planar direction of a laminated sheet heater. A lead core wire of a lead wire includes a lead terminal portion crimp-connected to a heater terminal portion by a crimping member so that the lead core wire is placed in contact with the surface of the heater terminal portion within a film void part in the planar direction of the laminated sheet heater.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrical cartridge heater (1) with supply cable (7), wherein the cartridge heater (1) comprises a metal jacket (2), in which at least one electrical conductor (3) is arranged in an insulated fashion, which conductor is connected with a metal terminal pin (6) protruding from the jacket (2), wherein the supply cable (7) is exposed at an end region, is enclosed in the exposed region by a housing, wherein the housing encloses a contact bush (10) fixed at the free end of the supply cable (7), into which contact bush the terminal pin (6) can be inserted or is inserted, wherein finally the housing is connected or can be connected immediately detachably with the cartridge heater (1), which while keeping the advantage of the easy exchangeability of the cartridge heater without supply cable, secures a simplified manufacture, a safe assembly and a high tightness against environmental influences such as hydraulic oil, splash or surge water.

Abstract: There are provided a heater unit and a battery structure with heater, which are capable of heating the battery structure appropriately and preventing a heater (part or whole of the heater) itself from excessively increasing in temperature. A first heater unit is provided with a first sheet heater, a first holding member holding it, and a first sheet placed between a lower surface of a first heater and the first holding member in such a manner as to be deformable in at least a direction of thickness of the first heater. The first heater is deformed when the first heater unit is fixed to the battery pack 50, thereby pressing the lower surface of the first heater to bring an upper surface of the first heater into close contact with an outer surface (a surface to be heated) of a spaced part of the battery pack.

Abstract: A ceramic heater comprising a ceramic body, a heat generating resistor buried in the ceramic body, an electrode pad that is electrically connected to the heat generating resistor and is formed on the surface of the ceramic body and a lead member bonded onto the electrode pad.

Abstract: An improved construction for a heating element for an appliance is disclosed. A coiled resistance wire extending coaxially along the length of an elongate sheath is surrounded by an electrically insulating, high thermally conductive material that fills the sheath around the wire. The resistance wire is secured to a terminal pin at a connection comprising a connection insert that is securely affixed to the terminal pin, intermediate the terminal pin and resistance wire. The resistance wire is then able to be welded to the connector to provide a superior mechanical connection between a terminal pin and the resistance wire, even though the terminal pin is made from copper. The disclosed construction, therefore, provides good electrical and thermal conductivity and resists the tendency to separate during manufacture.

Abstract: A heating member includes a resistive heating layer disposed on an outermost layer of the heating member, where the resistive heating layer comprises a conductive filler distributed in a base material and where the resistive heating layer emits heat when supplied with an electric current from an electrode, and a contacting unit which exposes the conductive filler of the resistive heating layer and contacts the electrode..

Abstract: The invention reduces loss produced when a power supply device supplies power to a fixing unit of a copier, thereby contributing to a reduction in size, a saving in terms of energy and lower cost. To achieve this, it is arranged so that it is possible to vary the capacitance of a resonant capacitor C200 that constructs a resonant circuit together with a coil 71 through which a high-frequency current flows in order to produce an induced electromotive force in an electrically conductive heating element. In an interval in which a tail current flows after closure of an IGBT 401 that switches the coil current, the capacitance of the resonant capacitor C200 of a switching element SW402 is increased, thereby suppressing a rise in voltage Vce of the IGBT 40 over a fixed interval of time. As a result, loss ascribable to the tail current is reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus has a chassis has a chassis inner face and a chassis outer face, at least one heating part accommodated in the chassis, wherein at least a portion of the heating part faces the chassis inner face with an internal space therebetween, and a film having a first face and a second face bonded to at least a portion of the heating part facing the chassis inner face. The chassis outer face is located on a side opposite the chassis inner face portion and in contact with an external space and having a radiation film interposed therebetween. The film includes a convex part, a concave part, or a repeated pattern of convex and concave parts in the first face or the second face. At least one of the first face and the second face is in contact with the internal space.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a heat-generating panel 100 having a configuration in which an electrically-conductive thin layer 120 is provided on at least one surface of a translucent plate 110 and the electrically-conductive thin layer 120 is caused to generate heat by supplying electric power to the same.

Abstract: To achieve improvements in heat generation efficiency and strength against external load, provided is a thermal head (1), comprising: a supporting substrate (3); a heat accumulating (5) bonded onto a surface of the supporting substrate (3); and a heating resistor (7) provided on the heat storage layer (5), wherein: a concave portion (2) is provided in a region, which is opposed to the heating resistor (7), of at least one of the surface of the supporting substrate (3) and a surface on a side of the supporting substrate (3) of the heat accumulating portion (5); and a center line of a hollow heat insulating layer (4) formed, by the concave portion (2), between the supporting substrate (3) and the heat storage layer (5) is shifted with respect to a center line (X) of the heating resistor (7).

Abstract: To achieve improvements in heating efficiency and strength against external load, provided is a thermal head (1), comprising: a supporting substrate (3) having a surface in which a concave portion (2) is formed; a heat storage layer (5) bonded onto the surface of the supporting substrate (3); a heating resistor provided in a region, which is opposed to the concave portion (2) of the supporting substrate (3), on the heat storage layer (5); and a protruding portion (2A), which is provided inside a hollow portion formed between the supporting substrate (3) and the heat storage layer (5) by the concave portion (2), and comes into contact with the heat storage layer (5) and limits deflection of the heat storage layer (5) when the heating resistor is pressurized by predetermined load or more.

Abstract: An electrical heating device includes an open housing in which a layer structure is held under tension. The layer structure includes at least one radiator element and at least one heat emitting element with at least one PTC heating element. The layer structure further includes at least one spring element holding the layer structure in the housing under tension. The spring element is provided adjacent to a spring counter element. Spring tongues, formed on the spring element, interact with matching receptacles on the spring counter element. Displacement of the spring element in a direction essentially parallel to the planes of the layer structure stresses the layer structure within the housing. A method of assembling an electrical heating device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a drying heater, a heating unit for drying laundry using the same, a drying control system and control method thereof that reduces electric power consumption of the drying heater to supply high temperature dry air to the inside of a drum in a washing machine or a laundry drying machine, to thus simplify structure of the drying heater and reduce a manufacturing cost. The drying control method includes the step of applying a first electric power from a first drive power supply to a drying heater when a drum internal temperature is lower than a preset temperature, and applying a second electric power from a second drive power supply which is relatively smaller than the first electric power to the drying heater when the drum internal temperature is higher than the preset temperature. The drying heater includes a surface-shaped heat generation member made of a low thermal density strip style metal thin plate.

Abstract: A heat generating body has a first electrode and a second electrode arranged opposed to each other, and also has a mesh-like electrically conductive membrane (mesh-like pattern) mounted in a curved surface shape between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are arranged so as to satisfy the relationship of (Lmax?Lmin)/((Lmax+Lmin)/2)=0.375, where Lmin is a minimum value of the distance between two opposite points which are on the first and second electrodes and on the electrically conductive membrane and Lmax is a maximum value of the distance.

Abstract: A heat generating unit of the present invention is formed such that: a band-like heat generating element (2) formed with a film sheet raw material of a material including a carbon-based substance and having a two-dimensional isotropic thermal conduction is enclosed in a container (1); and heat generating element holder portions (2a) at end portions of the heat generating element (2) are held by retainers (3). The retainers (3) are each structured to have a hook-received portion (3a) around which corresponding heat generating element holder portion (2a) is wrapped, a hook portion (3b) attached to the hook-received portion (3a) so as to clamp the heat generating element holder portion (2a), and an engagement-stop portion (3c) extending from the hook-received portion (3a) to engagingly stop the heat generating element holder portion (2a).

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for metallurgical heat treatment of coil springs, or similarly shaped workpieces and articles of manufacture, by electric resistance heating along the entire length of the workpiece so that the ends of the workpiece can be heat treated to the same degree and quality as the section of the workpiece between its two ends.

Abstract: Provided are a heating device, a substrate processing apparatus, and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. The heating device comprises: a heating element including a mountain part and a valley part that are alternately connected in plurality in a meander shape with both ends being fixed; holding body receiving parts respectively installed at ends of the valley parts and formed as cutout parts having a width larger than a width of the valley part; an insulating body installed at an outer circumference of the heating element; a holding body disposed in the holding body receiving part and fixed to the insulating body; the heating element having a ring shape; the insulating body installed in a manner of surrounding the outer circumference of the heating element; and a fixation part configured to fix the heating element to an inner wall of the insulating body.

Abstract: Provided are a heating device, a substrate processing apparatus, and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, which can suppress differences between heating bodies, and simultaneously, can suppress shearing of a holder due to thermal deformation of the heating element. The heating device comprises: a heating element including a mountain part and a valley part that are alternately connected in plurality in a meander shape with both ends being fixed; holding body receiving parts respectively installed at ends of the valley parts and formed as cutout parts having a width larger than a width of the valley part; an insulating body installed at an outer circumference of the heating element; and a holding body disposed in the holding body receiving part and fixed to the insulating body.

Abstract: A heat generating sleeve (19) having a high ability to control an amount of heat generation of itself and sufficient strength comprises a heat controlling layer (30) consisting of annealed permalloy, and a main heating layer (31) consisting of unannealed metal plated on a surface of the heat controlling layer (30).

Abstract: The present room heater includes a housing supporting internal electric heat sources. The housing surrounds the heat sources with an interconnected serial series of chambers made from heat-conducting material. Air is motivated by an electric fan through the series of chambers to effect stepped uniform heating, as well as optimal heating as the air moves through preheat chambers and then closely past the heat sources to an outlet opening. The chambers are made using modular and relatively simply-made components that interfit to form the chambers, such that multiple configurations are possible, including stacked and laterally-adjacent versions. The modular components include a flat part, hat-shaped part, and U-shaped part that interfit to define a first elongated chamber and a second elongated chamber that wraps onto three sides of the first elongated chamber, the hat-shaped part having end-located notches to permit flow of air between the chambers.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] To provide a heating electrode which can uniformly heat a material to be heated having an irregular shape and can stably perform heating/holding-convey of the material to be heated by the heating electrode; and a method for heating food by using the heating electrode. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] An assembly of pin electrodes (10) formed by conductive pins are slidably arranged in a through hole (21) of a pin support table (20). A pressure-variable gas chamber (30) whose pressure is variable is connected to the pin support table (20). By applying a plus pressure or a minus pressure to the gas chamber (30), the pin electrodes (10) are displaced relatively to the pin support table (20).

Abstract: A heater includes at least two leads, and a heating element which is formed between the at least two leads, a material of the heating element being different from a material of the at least two leads such that a location of a hot spot in the heater is controllable based on a polarity of current in the heater.

Abstract: A panel heater includes: a heater main part including a substrate and an electric heating layer; an intervening terminal part including a base layer and a patterned conductive layer; and an anisotropic conductive film for coupling the heater main part and the intervening terminal part to electrically connect the electric heating layer to the conductive layer. The conductive layer is formed in a comb-shaped pattern including a plurality of tooth portions arranged in line at intervals and a portion connecting the tooth portions in common, the tooth portions being connected to the electric heating layer via the anisotropic conductive film, the intervening terminal part has a conducting wire-connective portion for connecting a power supply conductive wire to the conductive layer, and the electric heating layer and the conductive layer are made physically contact with each other via the anisotropic conductive film only by the tooth portions.

Abstract: A medicine vaporizer for an inhaler includes a metal louver. The metal louver has a first end and an opposing second end, and defines a louver thickness. The medicine vaporizer also includes first and second electrically conductive pins that define a pin thickness greater than the louver thickness. The first electrically conductive pin includes a first crimping region that is attached to and crimped over the first end. The second electrically conductive pin includes a second crimping region that is attached to and crimped over the second end.

Abstract: A device and a method are provided, for shrinking a protective element (101) shrinkable by means of the supply of heat onto an optical waveguide (100). The method involves generating thermal radiation, reflecting it and focusing it onto a focus zone in which the protective element (101) is held. The device contains a heating element (10), which generates thermal radiation, a reflector (30), which focuses the thermal radiation emitted by the heating element onto the focus zone, and a mount (20), by means of which the protective element (101) can be held in the focus zone.

Abstract: An integrated in-line heater for a liquid food or beverage preparation machine, in which liquid is circulated through the heater and then guided into a brewing chamber for brewing a food or beverage ingredient, for instance within a pod or capsule, supplied into the brewing chamber. An upstream part of the brewing chamber may be formed by the heater. One or more electric components may be incorporated into the heater and rigidly connected to a printed circuit board. The heater may have a tubular inner core that is eccentric with respect to a tubular or prismatic outer member which form together a helicoidal heating chamber of variable cross-section.

Abstract: A heater that may be applied to a substrate. The heater may include a graduating material deposited on at least a portion of a substrate, a resistive material and a thermal barrier dielectric coating. The resistive material may include at least two resistive compositions, wherein the resistivity of the material may be altered by varying the composition in given areas.