Abstract: A fumigation type control device for scattering agricultural chemicals, capable of heating and fumigating the agricultural chemicals while maintaining a proper desired temperature. The control device requires no separate temperature adjustor, and a plurality of the control devices can be simultaneously operated by limiting an excessive starting current flowing therethrough. The control device includes a first heating element having a constant resistance value regardless of variation of its temperature which generates heat in response to a current flowing therethrough at an initial power-on stage, a second heating element for generating heat connected in series to the first heating element and having a resistance value which increases in accordance with increases in its temperature, and a storage tank for storing the agricultural chemicals to be fumigated and heating the stored agricultural chemicals in response to heat generated from the first and second heating elements.

Abstract: Thick film resistive element heater with an aluminum substrate having a ceramic oxide dielectric insulator there between.

Abstract: A radiant heater mounting heating elements in a sealed housing with a ceramic heat transmitting wall. A fan is mounted in the housing to cool the heating elements and in practice provide additional heat. There are also vent assemblies which prevent water such as rainwater or even water from, for example, a hose entering into the heater and causing failure.

Abstract: A resistive heating element, in particular for clothes dryers, comprising a substantially rectangular plate of heating resistant dielectric material supported at its ends by two shoulders also of heat-resistant dielectric material and inserted through a resistive wire spiral connected at its ends to conductor cables, characterised in that one end of the plate is freely slidable along a slot provided in the corresponding shoulder.

Abstract: An electric heating element for the bottom of a cooking oven. The heating element has a unique shape or pattern in plan view that includes two narrow loops or arms extending toward the rear corners of the oven and two wider loops or arms extending toward the front corners of the oven with the narrow loops joined to the wider loops by concave side portions and the two wider loops joined in the front by a concave portion. The extremities of the four loops are closely spaced from the rear wall and two walls of the oven. This shape and size creates more uniform heating throughout the oven cavity than conventional heating elements of different shapes or patterns.

Abstract: An environmental control apparatus controls humidity and temperature in a closed environment such as may exist in outdoor electrical switchgear boxes and the like. Temperature and humidity sensors are coupled to a controller which compares the sensed conditions to low temperatures and a high humidity setpoint. If either the temperature is below the temperature setpoint or the humidity is above the humidity setpoint a heater is energized until the respective condition is corrected. A high temperature cutout is provided to prevent high humidity conditions from causing the heater to raise the temperature to excessive levels. Typically, the controller engages the heater at temperatures of below 40.degree. F., humidity levels of above 65.degree. b, with a high temperature cutout at 140.degree. F.

Abstract: The reservoir system includes a heater coil having electrical leads adapted to be coupled to a voltage source. The heater coil is adapted to generate heat in correspondence with a heater voltage provided by the voltage source. A reservoir material layer is adapted to regulate pressure of a gas disposed within the gaseous-discharge device in accordance with temperature of the reservoir material. Heat is transferred from the heater coil to the reservoir material through a series of thermally conductive layers in which each of the layers have different thermal conductivity and coefficients of expansion. As a result, the thermal path resistance between the heater coil and the reservoir material layer increases as temperature of the heater coil increases so that the reservoir material increases in temperature at a slower rate than the heater coil.

Abstract: An electric resistance heating element preferably of cylindrical or prismatic shape to be inserted into a test tube, a cartridge or in another cavity has one or more conductors connected to the supply system by the use of one or more electrodes. The conductors are made of a conductive composite material of a polymeric matrix with resistive function which are formulated at such ratio and materials as to achieve an electric resistance with high positive temperature coefficient (PTC) at the operation temperatures. The electrodes may be made of metallic materials. At least a core is made of insulating material, onto which the conductors with resistive function (PTC) and the electrodes are applied.

Abstract: A gasket shaped heater for placement between parting surfaces of component housings of engines, gear housings, differential housings and similar structures. The heater preheats the components to facilitate cold weather starting or operation thereof. In one form of the invention the heater is semi-permanently attached to a parting surface of the component housing and has an outer metallic surface which interfaces with the standard gasket located between the connected components. In another form of the invention, the heater takes the place of the standard gasket normally interposed between the parting surfaces.

Abstract: A serpentine etched foil heater has a segmented serpentine conductor group made up of a plurality of spaced-apart elongated serpentine conductive strips that are connected in parallel and are everywhere aligned with each other. Advantageously, central conductive strips are wider than are conductive strips along the edges. Further advantageously, the conductive strips are bridged by conductive regions that extend along lines of constant voltage. This makes it possible to handle the heater element without causing it to become tangled. The heater is especially suitable for low voltage applications.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a positive temperature coefficient heater. A pair of electrical conductors are connected to a positive temperature coefficient body at respective locations. A dielectric material is attached to the body between the conductors and prevents electrical arcing around the body between the conductors.

Abstract: A ceramic heater for heating a sensor such as an oxygen sensor has a ceramic substrate and a heater pattern formed on the substrate. A heater pattern 22 is tightly interposed between first and second alumina substrates 15 and 21. This heater pattern 22 has a meandering heating section 25 and a pair of leads 26 for connecting both ends of the heating section 25 to two terminals at the base side end. The heating section 25 is divided into a tip side subsection 25a located near the tip side end of the device, and a base side subsection 25b. Specifically, the wire width is made greater in the tip side subsection 25a than in the base side subsection 25b so that the resistance per unit length is lower in the tip side subsection 25a. The thus-designed heater section 25 produces a less amount of heat in the tip side subsection than in the base side subsection, and this distribution of heat generation can reduce the possibility of cracks and breakage of a wire.

Abstract: A control circuit is disclosed which uses AC power input and provides DC power output which is not limited by DC semiconductor switch power dissipation capabilities. Switching is performed on the AC signal to provide time proportional AC power which is then transformed and rectified to provide relatively high proportional or adjustable power to a DC load without electrical noise. The DC load is monitored for a controlled characteristic, such as temperature, and a monitor signal is provided to a control for controlling the time proportional AC power output, in accordance with the DC load demand. A dimensionally stable temperature controlled semiconductor test chuck is described presenting a DC heater load for the control circuit.

Abstract: A radiant tube heating assembly for a furnace, which assembly combines the features of a heating element utilizing the latest powder metallurgical technology, improved ceramic spacers and staggered weld joints to thereby enable higher efficiency and heating temperatures. Further, the assembly enables a higher temperature element system, ease of manufacture and reduced failures due to shorts or arc over at the weld joints.

Abstract: An electrically heated metal spray apparatus is provided with a supersonic nozzle. Molten metal is injected into a gas stream flowing through the nozzle under pressure. By varying the pressure of the injected metal, the droplet can be made in various selected sizes with each selected size having a high degree of size uniformity. A unique one piece graphite heater provides easily controlled uniformity of temperature in the nozzle and an attached tundish which holds the pressurized molten metal. A unique U-shaped gas heater provides extremely hot inlet gas temperatures to the nozzle. A particularly useful application of the spray apparatus is coating of threads of a fastener with a shape memory alloy. This permits a fastener to be easily inserted and removed but provides for a secure locking of the fastener in high temperature environments.

Abstract: A tubular heating element (10) having a metal tube (12) filled with a ceramic material (14). The metal tube has a near zero or slightly positive temperature coefficient of resistance. In an alternative embodiment, a wire (16) is coaxially supported within the metal tube (12) by the ceramic material (14). This wire may be used to stiffen the tubular heating element (10) or may be used as an electrical conductor.

Abstract: A flow heater (11) has a stainless steel tube (1Z), around which is externally placed a polyimide (KAPTON) insulating film (14) with an overlap (15). Under pretension is wound onto the same a metallic resistance material heating tape (17), so that the resulting elasticity reserve, also at operating temperature, ensures a good application of the heating tape to the film. Temperature switching devices for preventing excess temperatures or running dry can be fitted in the overlap area (15).

Abstract: A graphite filament for generating carbon molecular beam which is heated through application of a current thereto integrally comprises a plurality of portions of which current directions match the c-axis of the graphite and a plurality of portions of which current directions are perpendicular to the c-axis.

Abstract: The toaster comprises a housing for receiving the pieces of bread to be toasted or to be reheated and on both sides of this housing an electric heating element having an electric resistor (R.sub.1, R.sub.2) wound on an elongated support made of insulating material (10, 11).On both sides of the housing there is provided at least one second electric resistor (R.sub.3, R.sub.4), commutation being provided to connect to the mains, as desired, one or both of the abovementioned resistors.Use: to permit a plurality of heating modes in toasters.

Abstract: An improved single heating element for a furnace, and method of designing the circuit is provided.In the method of design and constructing the heating element, the voltage level of the furnace is determined, the operating temperature of the furnace is determined and then the watt level output is selected. A resistance wire is selected and the watt-density of the wire is calculated as if it were to be connected in a single strand in series. If the calculation yields a value greater than the maximum safe watt density, the watt-density is recalculated as if the wire were connected as two wires in parallel, and this calculation is repeated with an additional wire in parallel as many times as necessary to provide a watt-density less than the maximum safe watt density and constructing a furnace heating element with said finally determined number of wires in parallel.

Abstract: A heating tool for heating at least one object, comprises an electrically heated U-shaped heater bar having a heat supplying contact surface for being pressed into contact with the object to be heated. A radiator is advantageously connected between arms of the U-shaped heater bar for receiving electrical current to produce radiated heat which heats another portion of the object or another object. Electricity may be provided by a single source to both the contact surface and the radiator.

Abstract: A method of making a conductive polymer sheet in which a hollow conductive polymer extrudate is slit and flattened. The resulting sheet may have improved resistivity uniformity over conventionally extruded sheet. The sheet is useful in producing electrical devices such as heaters and circuit protection devices.

Abstract: A resistance ceramic heater including a ceramic substrate, and a heating element which has a resistance heat-generating portion, and electrical leads connected to the heat-generating portion for energizing the heat-generating portion to generate heat. The heat-generating portion consists of a plurality of electrically resisitive heat-generating conductors formed in parallel connection with each other and in series connection to the electrical leads, and a plurality of connecting conductors which connects the heat-generating conductors, at a plurality of connection points on each of the heat-generating conductors. The connecting points are spaced apart from each other along the length of each heat-generating conductor. An electrochemical element and an oxygen analyzer or sensor which uses the ceramic heater are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus which is suitable for sealing the end of an elongate electrical heater comprising both an insulating polymeric jacket and a metallic grounding braid surrounding the insulating jacket. Gripping members within the apparatus serve to grip both the insulating jacket and the braid, thus preventing slippage of one past the other. The apparatus is designed so that under some conditions the braid is readily pushed back from the end of the heater upon insertion.

Abstract: Novel electrical heater which are self-regulating as a result of appropriate combination of a constant current or constant voltage power source with a resistive heating component and a temperature-sensitive component. Preferred heaters comprise a plurality of heating units, each of which heating units comprises a reactive component, a resistive heating component, and a temperature-responsive component. Self-regulation of the heater may be achieved in a number of different ways, including the use of employing a reactive component and a temperature-responsive component which form a combination exhibiting an impedance which changes with temperature. The temperature-responsive component can for example change in dielectric constant, or in permeability or in shape, or can effect changes in the frequencies inputted to the reactive component.

Abstract: The jacket blanks punched out from a film web are folded to give jackets and then closed by spot welding with the aid of a wavy resistance belt, the welding temperature being produced for a short time by means of a current pulse in the resistance belt.

Abstract: The cermaic heater includes an elongated plate-like ceramic substrate, a resistance heating element arranged on the ceramic substrate and a pair of conductive lead members extending from the resistance heating element and having a specific resistance smaller than that of the resistance heating element. The oxygen sensor element includes a heater unit and a sensor unit, wherein the heater unit has an elongated plate-like ceramic substrate and a resistance heating element and a pair of conductive lead members arranged thereon, and the sensor unit is integrally united with the heater unit and includes an oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte body and reference and measuring electrodes and conductive lead members formed thereon.

Abstract: The lid is hermetically sealed to an associated box by a gasket in the form of a sealant covered temperature autoregulating heater.

Abstract: A preheater unit magnetically attachable to the surface of the oil pan of an automobile engine includes an electric heating unit and a magnetic device situated within a rectilinear shell having an open side closed by a non-magnetic heat transfer plate. The heating unit is encased in the plate and surrounds the magnetic device. The magnetic device includes a permanent magnet disposed between two magnetic end portions situated to be operative in the same plane as the outer planar surface of the plate through parallel spaced apart openings in the plate for magnetically attaching the preheater unit to the surface of the oil pan. A temperature control switch within the shell maintains the heat transfer plate within predetermined temperature limits.

Abstract: A heating strip or film panel is connectable to a source of electrical power and is sandwiched between one or more facing panels of flexible or rigid material, and when connected to a source of electrical power, radiate heat from one or both sides. In one embodiment, insulation and a reflective sheet may be incorporated so that one side of the assembly remains cool and the other radiates heat. If required, the assembly may be used in any location requiring heat and in which the panels can be mounted such as in walls, ceilings, floors and the like. In another embodiment, the panels are flexible and can be wrapped around the object to be heated. If desired, the panel can be molded into a helment shaped configuration and can be used, for example, as a hair dryer and another embodiment, a flexible panel can be routed around dowels to give an increased cross sectional heat source area as compared with a planar sheet.

Abstract: Electrical devices which comprise a PTC element composed of a PTC conductive polymer composition and a contiguous CW element composed of a conductive polymer composition which comprises an organic thermoplastic polymer and a conductive carbon black having a particle size (D) in millimicrons and surface area (S) in m.sup.2 /g such that S/D is at least 10. D is preferably less than 27 millimicrons, especially less than 18 millimicrons. S/D is preferably at least 12, especially at least 18. Particularly useful devices are in the form of heaters.

Abstract: An electric radial blade type heating element is provided for industrial furnaces or other heated devices in which the electrical conductors are relatively thin flat strips or blades, rectangular in cross section and free floating relative to the insulating support structure of the element. The conductors are arrayed in a radially diverging relationship to maximize the exposure of the radiating surfaces which minimizes the pocketing of released heat and overheating of the elements. Means are provided to pass a fluid over the conductors when the element is mounted within a radiant tube to reduce oxidation of the element and the interior surface of the radiant tube. The heating element support structure is not dependent on the conductors for strength or rigidity, thereby rendering the element equally suitable for vertical as well as horizontal installation. The element may be used to directly heat a furnace, or may be mounted in a radiant tube to heat the radiant tube.

Abstract: The device includes a coiled conductor formed of an alloy having a high electrical resistance and has an outer tubular casing of plastic material which is inert to acid or alkaline solutions. A flexible sleeve braided of fibrous glass material is slidably assembled on the coiled wire and the sleeve with coiled wire within is inserted as a subassembly into the outer tubular member to form an assembly for immersion in the liquid to be heated. Opposite ends of the heating cable extend above the liquid for attachment to electrical connections from a source of electrical power. Ground wires may also be provided to permit running of the electrical energy to ground in the event the outer tubular member is ruptured in service. Support rods are usually provided to anchor the cable to the desired configuration when immersed in the liquid to be heated.

Abstract: A heating element for an electrical appliance having a blower (e.g. a fan heater or a hair drier) comprises a wire looped in linear formation (e.g. zig-zag or sinuous) the loops being held in position by support plates so that there are at least two loop rows transverse to the air flow direction and disposed in succession in that direction and so that the loops in one of those rows are placed opposite to gaps in the other. In an element having four loop rows with a center taping for two-stage power control the electrical connections are disposed on only one support plate with the center tapping connection at the same side of the plate as the means supply connections; also, the loops in a first pair of rows are aligned with one another and are offset from the loops in the second pair which are also aligned with one another.

Abstract: A plastic laminate form of heating panel incorporating a layer of a semiconductive carbonaceous pyropolymer, consisting of carbon and hydrogen on a high surface area refractory inorganic oxide support, with the conductive pyropolymer positioned to at least one side of at least one laminate layer and a reflective metallic layer on the other side thereof such that radiant heat is controlled and directed outwardly in a desired manner to minimize energy being wasted by a "rearward" flow.

Abstract: This specification discloses an electrically heated container, container jacket and method of making same. The container and jacket each include at least three layers of fiber glass mat having resistance heating elements disposed between the first and second mats and a heat dissipating metallic sheet between second and third mats. The mats are separately impregnated with thermosetting polyester resin and cured together to form a rigid, fluid impervious laminated structure.

Abstract: A metal bar with a metal felt covering on each side or therearound and sized externally to be a snug slip fit into slot means provided in a conductive surface monolithic refractory ceramic heater element provide for a convenient and desirable means for distributing current to the conductive surface of the element. As the felt covered electrode means heats up with electric current input to the element and under heat generating conditions, there will be a still tighter bond between the metal felt surfaces of the electrode and the slotted opening in the ceramic element to result in the desired tight contact and an efficient current distribution therefrom.

Abstract: A preheater unit magnetically attachable to the surface of the oil pan of an automobile engine includes an electric heating unit and a magnetic device situated within a rectilinear shell having an open side closed by a non-magnetic heat transfer plate. The heating unit is encased in the plate and surrounds the magnetic device. The magnetic device includes a permanent magnet disposed between two magnetic end portions situated to be operative in the same plane as the outer planar surface of the plate through parallel spaced apart openings in the plate for magnetically attaching the preheater unit to the surface of the oil pan. A temperature control switch within the shell maintains the heat transfer plate within predetermined temperature limits.