Abstract: An electric surface heating element is installed by direct application to the periphery of a cylindrical material pipe (13) of a hot runner nozzle (12). Said surface heating element consists of a ceramic dielectric layer (20) which is directly applied to the metal pipe (13) or to the wall (16) thereof, at least one layer (22) consisting of heating conductor strips (23) and an electrically insulating ceramic covering layer (24) which is applied on top of the latter. Film, or thick-coat screen printing technology are suitable as coating processes. However, thick-coat technology using round printing is preferably used for the layer construction as a whole. Alternatively, the ceramic dielectric layer (20) can be fixed to the periphery of the hot runner pipe (13) in the form of a prefabricated green film and subsequently baked.

Abstract: A heater for fusing toner images onto recording paper is provided. The heater includes a supporting base that has an upper surface and a lower surface. The base has a relatively low thermal conductivity. The heater also includes a heating element formed on the upper surface of the base. A heat conductor is provided on the upper or lower side of the base. The heat conductor has a thermal conductivity greater than the thermal conductivity of the base.

Abstract: An apparatus for operably connecting an electrical source to a conductive coating or film. The apparatus may include a substrate made of a structural material. A conductive coating or thin film may be applied to the substrate. An interface layer may be applied over the conductive coating and conduct electricity thereto while transferring insufficient force to separate the conductive coating from the substrate. A conductor, for providing electricity to the interface layer comprising strands configured to be separable and electrically conductive, may be positioned in contact with the interface layer. A clamping mechanism may apply a clamping load urging the conductor toward the conductive coating. The strands of the conductor may be formed to distribute mechanical stress and strain induced by thermal expansion and the clamping load sufficiently to substantially reduce damage to the mechanical and electrical integrity of the conductive coating.

Abstract: A heater has a top-surface layer made of an imide-based resin formed on an electrical insulation layer. The heater can generally used for an image heating apparatus incorporated in an image forming apparatus. Since the top-surface layer has preferable sliding and insulating characteristics, the heater provides good heat efficiency and durability.

Abstract: Circuit boards (1100, 1400) and methods for fabricating circuit boards that include conduits (1004) are provided. The conduits formed by patterning a metal layer (1102) are lined by inert coating (1106) and caped by a photodefinable polymer layer (1110) that is affixed to the inert coating by with the help of an initially uncured polymer layer (1106). Holes are formed by patterning the photodefinable polymer layer for admitting and removing fluid from the conduit.

Abstract: A heating element for igniting a pyrotechnical charge, for example a charge of an air bag for a motor vehicle. The resistance strip on the base body extends between contact surfaces formed on the base body on opposite sides thereof. The junctions of the resistance strip with the contact surfaces are offset from conductive bridges between the terminal pins and the contact surfaces and the resistance strip may have a meander pattern or can extend diagonally between the contact surfaces.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present disclosure a preformed heating member is disclosed, the preformed heating element comprising: a first layer having a conductive layer for receiving an electrical current and providing a source of heat, the conductive layer being disposed on a sheet of formable film; and an outer layer disposed over the conductive layer; and a second structural layer adhered to the first layer, wherein the preformed heating element is capable of being configure to be positioned over a corresponding location.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a hot plate making it possible to heat an object to be heated uniformly, and the hot plate of the present invention is characterized in that a resistance element having a thickness dispersion of ±3 &mgr;m or less is formed on an insulating substrate.

Abstract: A heat roller having a cylindrical sheet-like heating element having a resistance member embedded into an insulating member. The sheet-like heating element is arranged between an inner tube and an outer tube. The resistance member is formed such that a heating density of the sheet-like heating element is changed in an axial direction of the heat roller. The heating density of the sheet-like heating element at its edge section is greater than that at a center in the axial direction of the heat roller.

Abstract: A temperature control device comprising a heater element and a power source. The heater element having a conductive ink affixed to a substrate. The power source connected to the conductive ink to supply power to said conductive ink, thereby heating the heater element.

Abstract: The present invention involves coatings deposited on a substrate including a layer having a selected resistivity. The resistive layer can serve as a heat source in a variety of applications and can be fabricated using an arc plasma spraying procedure.

Abstract: In a ceramic heater having a plate-like body made of a ceramic, heating element in one main face of the plate like body, and an electric supply portion to be electrically connected with the heating element, it has been a problem that the temperature is uneven if bent portions are formed in heat generating patterns. The ceramic heater simultaneously satisfying the following: 0.15≦S≦0.85, 0.3≦P≦6.71×S2+1.52, and 0.3≦G≦6.71×(1−S)2+1.55, in which the reference character S1 denotes the surface area of the heating element in optional 10 mm square region of the effective heat generation area having the heating element therein; the surface ratio S denotes S=S1/100 mm2, the reference character P denotes the width of the heating element: and the reference character G denotes the gap between the heating element.

Abstract: A method of producing a thin film heating element is provided which can be used in manufacturing a transparent thin film heating element of desired shape with an increased heat emission property and an excellent durability. Also provided is a heating device of the type incorporating the thin film heating element produced by this method. The inventive method comprises the steps of, applying heat- and oil-resistant ink on a predetermined surface area of a base element, allowing the ink to run dry, spraying conductive chemical composition on the base element to form a conductive thin heater film, removing the ink out of the base element, printing a thin film electrode leading to the thin heater film, and baking the base element into a thin film heating element.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present disclosure a preformed heating member is disclosed, the preformed heating element comprising: a first layer having a conductive layer for receiving an electrical current and providing a source of heat, the conductive layer being disposed on a sheet of formable film; and an outer layer disposed over the conductive layer; and a second structural layer adhered to the first layer, wherein the preformed heating element is capable of being configure to be positioned over a corresponding location.

Abstract: A substrate holder for holding a substrate (e.g., a wafer or an LCD panel) during plasma processing. The substrate holder is a stack of processing elements which each perform at least one function. The elements include an electrostatic chuck (102), an He gas distribution system (122), multi-zone heating plates (132), and multi-zone cooling system (152). Each element is designed to match the characteristic of the processing system, e.g., by applying heat based on a heat loss characteristic of the substrate during normal processing. The integrated design allows for precise control of the operating conditions, including, but not limited to, fast heating and fast cooling of a substrate.

Abstract: The invention is a sealing system and a method of operation thereof. A sealing system which forms spaced apart thermal seals along a moving at least one web (60) by contact of the moving the at least one web with heated portions (74) of sealing elements (56) mounted on a sealing wheel (50) during rotation in accordance with the invention includes seal forming elements (56) which peripherally contact the at least one web to form the thermal seals by heat transfer to the at least one web; and wherein each seal forming element has an outer section (62) on which is located at least one electrical heater (78), an inner section (64) which contacts the sealing wheel and an intermediate section (70) which includes thermal insulation (68) which insulates the outer section from the inner section.

Abstract: A pump, particularly for washing machines, dishwashing machines or the like, having a housing and a heating device for the continuous heating of a liquid, particularly water, is proposed, in which the heating device is constructed as the circumferential wall of the housing and on one face of the heating device is arranged in sealing manner a base and on another face of the heating device is sealingly arranged a cover of the housing.

Abstract: A heater, or an image heating apparatus including the heater includes a substrate, heat generating resistors formed at least in a cycle path on the substrate, and current supply electrodes provided at electrical ends of the heat generating resistors, wherein plural heat generating resistors are connected in parallel to at least one of the current supply electrodes. Thus there can be obtained a heater having excellent heat generating characteristics even in a compact dimension and an image heating apparatus utilizing such heater.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a panel-type heating element having an excellent durability and high effectiveness in power saving. To attain this object, the present invention provides a panel-type heating element consisting of a base which a thin film containing zinc oxide and tin oxide can form a layer upon. The panel-type heating element is advantageously manufactured by a method comprising spraying a solution containing a zinc compound and a tin compound on a base. The solution then oxidizes by heating the base in a high temperature reaction chamber to form a thin film consisting of sediment containing zinc oxide and tin oxide on the surface of the base. As a result, the thin film gives the base excellent acid, water and chemical resistance, and heats quickly.

Abstract: A graphite heater and method of forming a graphite heater comprising a graphite body configured in a spiral or serpentine geometrical shape defining at least one zone of an electrical heating circuit having opposed ends so as to provide an electrical path for each heating zone through the graphite body from the opposed ends with said graphite body having at least one heating surface, a coating of pyrolytic boron nitride or aluminum nitride encapsulating said graphite body and a surface layer of pyrolytic boron nitride or aluminum nitride disposed on said graphite body such that said heating surface is continuous and solid.

Abstract: A heatable mirror having a transparent surface element made from a substrate of inorganic material and at least one reflective layer as well as at least one heat-conducting layer applied to the substrate and/or the reflective layer and which has contact elements. The heat-conducting layer is formed by conductive particles having an average diameter of 3 to 100 &mgr;m at least partially embedded in the surface of the substrate and/or the reflective layer and the heat-conducting layer is designed to be over the entire surface or strip-like, wherein the non-conductive region for the strip-like embodiment is an insulating separating layer between the strips.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a ceramic heater manufacturing method capable of preventing reflection of laser beam at the time of performing trimming by irradiation using a laser beam and performing trimming of a resistance heating element or a conductor layer as designed and the ceramic heater manufacturing method of the present invention comprising the steps of: forming a resistance heating element having a pattern on a surface of a ceramic substrate; and irradiating laser beam onto the resistance heating element to form a gutter or a cut after preceding step so as to adjust a resistance value of the resistance heating element, wherein when the resistance heating element is formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate, the resistance heating element is adjusted so as to have a surface roughness Ra of 0.01 &mgr;m or more in accordance with JIS B 0601.

Abstract: A method for forming a heated steering wheel includes a member formed from a sheet of plastic having an attached electrically conductive pattern. The film is formed into a desired configuration. Electrical leads are connected to the pattern. A plastic resin is applied to encapsulate the conductive pattern and to strengthen the film. The member is connected to the steering wheel core.

Abstract: A housing is provided for maintaining a planar lightguide circuit at a temperature within a predetermined temperature range independent of ambient temperature. The housing includes a planar heating arrangement supporting and in thermal contact with the planar lightguide circuit. Also included is a frame assembly having a first surface on which the planar heating arrangement is fixed. The frame assembly has at least one opening through which extends at least one optical fiber coupled to the planar lightguide circuit. An overmold, which is molded around the frame assembly, includes at least one strain relief member through which the optical fiber extends.

Abstract: Localized heating of a window, such as a vehicle windshield or sidelight, is provided by dividing an optical coating that is electrically conductive into high and low heating zones. While the conductive coating covers substantially the entirety of the window, the coating is patterned to establish a preselected heating power density pattern. In one application, bus-to-bus dimensions are kept short and opposite polarity high heating zones are placed in a side-by-side relationship, so that the major portion of the window is left unheated and the bus connections may be placed along the same window edge. In another application, the bus-to-bus dimensions are significantly larger, but power concentration is provided by a pattern of isolation lines that narrow the dimensions of current flow through a zone in which heating is desired.

Abstract: A large area heater used, for example, in a laser printer belt fuser or as cooking surface, has an alumina substrate in which two bowed parts of alumina ceramic having opposed concave regions are formed together as a laminate. Electrical resistors are deposited on the laminate. The alumina laminate provides excellent resistance to uneven heating or other thermal stress. Alumina ceramic is readily shaped during manufacture and manufacturing costs and yield are good. A wide variety of large area heaters can usefully employ the laminate.

Abstract: A heating mat electrically connectable to a power source provided with a conductive prong connected to an electrical polarity defines a mat peripheral edge. The heating mat includes a conductor mounted therein and extending towards a connecting section located adjacent the mat peripheral edge. A resistive element electrically coupled to the conductor transforms the electrical energy into thermal energy. A connecting recess extends into the heating mat adjacent the connecting section and defines a prong receiving section to receive the conductive prong so that when the conductive prong is inserted into the prong receiving section the conductive prong is electrically coupled to the conductor. The prong receiving section defines a prong section base wall.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for attaching a flip chip configured semiconductor die to a substrate as well as removing the die and replacing it on the substrate with another flip chip configured semiconductor die by way of an electrically resistive thermal supply circuit that provides heat to soften or melt an electrical connection material of discrete conductive elements connecting the two components, as well as providing heat to release a dielectric underfill material, if present. Methods for designing a thermal supply circuit and are also disclosed. Semiconductor die and substrate configurations incorporating thermal supply circuits as well as thermal supply circuit configurations and design approaches are also disclosed.

Abstract: A heating device (40) for a gas sensor is described, in particular for use in the exhaust gas analysis of internal combustion engines, including a heating element (43) having an electrical resistor layer. The heating element (43) is embedded in a first insulation (41) which in turn is surrounded, at least in part, by a second insulation (42). The first and the second insulation (41, 42) have different porosities.

Abstract: The electric heating body is comprised of a heat distribution plate (3) that conducts heat well, of at least one heat conductor (2) consisting of a thick film conductor track, which is applied to one side of the heat distribution plate and which leaves the at least one area (6) of the heat distribution plate (3) uncovered, and of a connection element (4) for the galvanic connection to the conductor track ends. The aim of the invention is to measure the temperature of the medium to be heated, in a manner that is both continuous and as instantaneous as possible, during running operation of the thick-film heater and to avoid the provision of an additional opening in the container.

Abstract: A heating element comprises a heating film having an electrically nonconductive support layer and a conductive layer. The conductive layer of the present invention comprises a metallic layer or material that is deposited onto the support layer. The heating element system is suitable for integration into the seating surface or backrest surface of an automotive vehicle which may also comprise additional components such as upholstered units and sensors to facilitate the comfort of the occupant of the vehicle.

Abstract: A transparency, e.g. a laminated heatable windshield has a pair of spaced bus bars on an electric conductive member e.g. a sputtered electric conductive coating. The perimeter of the coating is spaced from the peripheral edge of the sheet to provide a non-conductive strip. Electric conductive leads connected to the bus bars provide external electric access to the bus bars. End portions of each of the bus bar extend beyond the perimeter of the coating into the non-conductive strip to minimize, if not eliminate, hot spots at the end portions of the bus bars. Additional features to reduce hot spots includes the pair of bus bars having different lengths with one of the bus bar extending along the top side of the coating and one of the bus bars extending along the bottom side of the coating. The portions of the coating between the bus bars do not extend beyond the ends of the longer bus bar.

Abstract: An apparatus for operably connecting an electrical source to a conductive coating or film. The apparatus may include a substrate made of a structural material. A conductive coating or thin film may be applied to the substrate. An interface layer may be applied over the conductive coating and conduct electricity thereto while transferring insufficient force to separate the conductive coating from the substrate. A conductor, for providing electricity to the interface layer comprising strands configured to be separable and electrically conductive, may be positioned in contact with the interface layer. A clamping mechanism may apply a clamping load urging the conductor toward the conductive coating. The strands of the conductor may be formed to distribute mechanical stress and strain induced by thermal expansion and the clamping load sufficiently to substantially reduce damage to the mechanical and electrical integrity of the conductive coating.

Abstract: A heating element device has a laminate of a plurality of heating element plates, each of the heating element plates having an insulator and a resistor, which is capable of generating heat upon the supply of electric power, provided on the insulator. The plurality of heating element plates are each independently controllable with respect to energization. The heating element device also has a temperature detection plate having an insulator and a resistor, capable of undergoing a change in resistance value upon a change in temperature, provided on the insulator.

Abstract: A technology that achieves a highly uniform temperature distribution on the surface of large-area semiconductor wafers and substrates for liquid crystals without prior measurement of the resistance-heating-element circuit and subsequent adjustment of the value of resistance. At least one current-receiving point 4 and at least one current-releasing point 5 are provided at the central portion of an insulating substrate 1. One or more resistance-heating-element circuits 2 are embedded in the insulating substrate spirally or pseudospirally from the central portion including the current-receiving point 4 to the peripheral portion of the insulating substrate 1. All the circuits merge with one another at the outermost portion. One or more resistance-heating-element circuits are separated at the outermost portion of the resistance-heating-element circuits and are formed spirally or pseudospirally from the outermost portion to the central portion including the current-releasing point 5.

Abstract: Heat losses from electric heating pads, blankets and pillows are reduced by aligning heat reflective strips or coatings over the top of a heating wire arranged inside the pads, blankets and pillows. By reducing heat losses, lower wattage can be applied to the heating wire to transfer the same amount of heat to a user as equivalent higher wattage blankets which do not have the heat reflective strips. By lowering the applied wattage, a more efficient blanket results.

Abstract: A ceramic sheathed-type glow plug, whose ceramic heating element is made of an electrically conductive conducting layer and an electrically insulating layer, is described. The conducting layer is made of lead layers and a heating layer. The higher specific electrical resistance of the heating layer allows the temperature of the heating layer and the combustion chamber to be determined. The electrical contact between a connector element and the heating element is established by a contacting element, which is in the form of a pellet made of an electrically conductive powder.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an electrical heating plate structure, including an insulating plate, and an electrically conducting plate mounted on the insulating plate. The electrically conducting plate includes multiple heat emitting sections. Each of the heat emitting sections has different radial widths, so that each of the heat emitting sections has radial cross-sectional areas different from each other, thereby capable of controlling a temperature distribution of each region of the electrical heating plate structure.

Abstract: A housing is provided for maintaining a planar lightguide circuit at a temperature within a predetermined temperature range independent of ambient temperature. The housing includes a planar heating arrangement supporting and in thermal contact with the planar lightguide circuit. Also included is a frame assembly having a first surface on which the planar heating arrangement is fixed. The frame assembly has at least one opening through which extends at least one optical fiber coupled to the planar lightguide circuit. An overmold, which is molded around the frame assembly, includes at least one strain relief member through which the optical fiber extends.

Abstract: The invention is a sealing system and a method of operation thereof. A sealing system which forms spaced apart thermal seals along a moving at least one web (60) by contact of the moving the at least one web with heated portions (74) of sealing elements (56) mounted on a sealing wheel (50) during rotation in accordance with the invention includes seal forming elements (56) which peripherally contact the at least one web to form the thermal seals by heat transfer to the at least one web; and wherein each seal forming element has an outer section (62) on which is located at least one electrical heater (78), an inner section (64) which contacts the sealing wheel and an intermediate section (70) which includes thermal insulation (68) which insulates the outer section from the inner section.

Abstract: A sheet heater structured so that heating wire is fixed to air-passing base material by sewing. This structure can provide a sheet heater that has improved durability of heating wire 2 against the load imposed on the seat during sitting, comfortable feeling of sitting in the seat, and high air-passing capability.

Abstract: A heater, or an image heating apparatus including the heater includes a substrate, heat generating resistors formed at least in a cycle path on the substrate, and current supply electrodes provided at electrical ends of the heat generating resistors, wherein plural heat generating resistors are connected in parallel to at least one of the current supply electrodes. Thus there can be obtained a heater having excellent heat generating characteristics even in a compact dimension and an image heating apparatus utilizing such heater.

Abstract: A heating element made from flexible circuit technology with a single contiguous heating zone for uniform heating or multiple temperature heating zones is described. These flexible heating elements can conform to three dimensional object surfaces with irregular shape. The heating element's overall flexibility and its thickness (in the region of 10 mils) allow for heating many object shapes in an efficient, compact and light-weight manner. Each thermal sensor or thermostat is used to regulate each heating zone and provide a unique temperature setting. A thermostat can be mounted directly on an object's metallic surface. In addition, using diodes connected to the flexible heating element is described here to allow the use of two or multiple voltage sources. The technique permits one heating element to be powered from either AC or DC sources with comparable heating characteristics from both.

Abstract: A thermoconductive rubber patch includes a thermoconductive rubber piece which is encased by an insulating casing and is made of rubber, carbon black granules and metal granules. The thermoconductive rubber piece is provided with an electric circuit and is capable of generating heat at the time when an electric current flows over the electric circuit. The thermoconductive rubber piece has a resistance, with the magnitude of the resistance being dependent on a ratio by which the carbon black granules and the metal granules are contained in the thermoconductive rubber piece.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an electrical heating plate structure, including an insulating plate, and an electrically conducting plate mounted on the insulating plate. The electrically conducting plate includes multiple heat emitting sections. Each of the heat emitting sections has different radial widths, so that each of the heat emitting sections has radial cross-sectional areas different from each other, thereby capable of controlling a temperature distribution of each region of the electrical heating plate structure.

Abstract: A thermally controlled circuit board is provided. The circuit board includes a substrate, which carries a thermally controlled circuit. The thermally controlled circuit includes a heater, a logic unit and a thermostat. The heater includes planar resistive elements, which are embedded into the substrate. A power source is selectively coupled to the heater via control of the logic unit. The thermostat is programmed with a temperature set point, and outputs a control signal based on a measured temperature level relative to the temperature set point. The logic unit selectively couples the power source to the heater, based on the control signal output from the thermostat and selectively couples power to on-board components to control the temperature of the board and the components thereon to protect the components and insure reliable operation.

Abstract: Method for producing a resistive heating element by coating a substrate with an electrically insulating material from the gaseous phase, depositing an electrically conducting material from the gaseous phase onto the layer of insulating material deposited onto the substrate, wherein the layer of conducting material deposited onto the layer of insulating material is subsequently partially mechanically removed thereby forming at least one conductor path. The substrate is machined before depositing the insulating material thereby forming at least one recess provided for receiving the conductor path. The layers of insulating material and conducting material are deposited onto the mechanically processed substrate. Finally, the layer of conducting material is evenly removed until at least the conducting material has been completely removed from the elevated regions of the substrate delimiting the recess of the conductor path, thereby forming the conductor path.

Abstract: A ceramic heater including a ceramic body and a heating element buried in the ceramic body under the surface of thereof is provided, wherein metal pads are disposed on the outside of the ceramic body and electrically connected to the heating element, outer leads are joined by a braze layer onto a metal plated layer covering each of the pads, and the braze layer contains an amount of 500 ppm or less by weight of palladium in a brazing metal material based on Au, Cu, or Ni. The plated layer may be formed on the surface of the metal pads which have been activated with an activating solution containing an amount of 90 ppm of less by weight of Pd, in order to reduce the Pd content as defined above in the braze layer, preventing the braze layer from being cracked and enhancing the useful life of the ceramic heater.

Abstract: A heater includes (a) at least one heat generator which converts electric power to heat, (b) at least one substrate on which the heat generator is formed, and (c) at least one lead through which electric power is applied to the heat generator and which supports the substrate. For instance, the substrate has two opposite sides from each of which the lead extends, and the lead is comprised of a first portion outwardly extending from a side of the substrate, a second portion downwardly extending from an end of the first portion, and a third portion extending outwardly from an end of the second portion.

Abstract: A heated patient diagnostic table 10 is provided, including a tabletop 12 and a heater array 14 in communication with the tabletop 12. The heater array 14 includes a conductive polymer coating 16 compatible for use in medical diagnostic imaging systems. The conductive polymer coating 16 is utilized to produce thermal energy capable of heating the tabletop 12 and thereby increase patient comfort.