Abstract: A thin film layer of primarily platinum is deposited onto a ceramic substrate and electrical connections are applied to the platinum layer to form a heater. In a preferred embodiment, the electrical connections comprise two electrically conductive posts fixed to the ceramic substrate at a first end and electrically contacting the platinum heater layer near this first end. Preferably, the heater layer forms mounds at each post and a thinner region therebetween, resulting in a resistance profile which concentrates heating in the thinner region and reduces undesired heating of the post area. Such heaters can be employed individually or in conjunction with other similar heaters.

Abstract: A mold includes a thin film electric heating employing voltage and current suppressed below values of an allowable voltage and an allowable current. The thin film electric heat includes a thin film electric resistor formed directly on a surface of the mold and is energized to effect heating. The resistor has a surface resistivity r, expressed by r=.rho./t (where .rho. is the volume resistivity of the thin film electric resistor and t is the film thickness of the thin film electric resistor), within a range to achieve the heating function of the thin film electric heater while the values of voltage and current applied to the thin film electric heater are suppressed below the values of the allowable voltage and the allowable current.

Abstract: A flexible heater is disclosed herein having a base substrate or sheet carrying a plurality of spaced apart electrically resistive strips overlapping layers or grids of conductive strips arranged in spaced apart relationship next to each other to form a plurality of intersections with the resistive strips which, when connected, define and form an electrical resistive component of a given value. Each grid is composed of an electrical conductive material such as silver, aluminum or the like while the resistive component may be composed of carbon. The heater is employed as a hand-held unit, an insert or a portion of an article of clothing such as a boot, shoe, glove, jacket or the like. A power source is detachably provided for energizing the electrical components.

Abstract: A process for producing an electric heating element is disclosed whereby metallic heating conductors are embedded between ceramic insulating layers, and, as power supply leads and power outlet leads, contact recesses in the ceramic insulating layers are filled with an electrically conductive composition. The heating conductors, the power supply leads and the power outlet leads are applied to the ceramic layers in the green state as metallizing paste containing from 60 to 95% by weight of metal particles and from 5 to 40% by weight of inorganic powder, based on the total solids content of the paste. The ceramic layers with the applied metallizing pastes are then stacked on top of one another and then sintered.

Abstract: A kettle which includes a vessel that provides a chamber for holding water, a pouring spout for dispensing water from the chamber, and a handle for lifting and tilting the vessel during pouring, also includes an electric heating element in the form of a conductive track of a thick film printed circuit on a metal substrate that forms a heated portion of the vessel, the electric heating element being located externally of the chamber.

Abstract: A multi-layer module that has incorporated therein an additional sheet with a heat generating film resistor formed thereon. A temperature responsive controller regulates the film resistor current in order to regulate the temperature at the surface of the module. The invention is applicable to both single chip and multiple chip modules, and for multi-chip modules a plurality of discrete film resistors on a single may be used.

Abstract: A heater apparatus includes a substrate, a resistive film formed on a first portion of the substrate, and first and second conductive leads formed on the substrate engaging the resistive film. First and second electrodes are coupled to the first and second conductive leads, respectively. The heater apparatus also includes an overmolded body made of an insulating material formed on the substrate to encapsulate the resistive film, the first and second conductive leads, and a portion of the first and second electrodes in an insulating material. The substrate is formed to include first and second apertures in close proximity to the first and second conductive leads, respectively. The first and second electrodes each include a tab portion extending through the first and second apertures, respectively. The tab portions are deformed so that the tab portion of the first electrode engages the first conductive lead and the tab portion of the second electrode engages the second conductive lead.

Abstract: The self-controlled heater for a rearview mirror of a vehicle comprises a semiconductor polymer substrate based on lampblack and consisting essentially of 60% low density polyethylene, 8.5% ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, 20% conductive lampblack having a porous structure; 4.0% of a spreading agent consisting of calcium stearate; 3.0% of an antioxidant; and 0.5% of a coupling agent consisting of calcium titanate, with a high degree of shearing and a low degree of orientation for lampblack aggregations; a silver ink conductor track printed on the substrate, the conductor track including negative and positive poles having interpenetrating adjacent branches spaced at intervals from each other so as to provide a sufficient amount of heat to defog and defrost the rearview mirror; and two terminals applied to the substrate, one of which is connected to the negative pole and the other of which is connected to the positive pole.

Abstract: An electrode of a conductive material containing silver and a thick-film resistor of an electric resistive material containing cermet, which is electrically connected to the electrode, are formed on an electric insulating substrate by printing respectively. Then, the thick-film resistor is directly irradiated with a laser beam to be trimmed, and thereafter a protective film of an electric insulating material containing resin is formed on the insulating substrate by printing, to cover the electrode and the thick-film resistor.

Abstract: There is provided a start-up catalyzer for catalyzing exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine in which flat and corrugated sheets are disposed in alternating relation. Some of the flat sheets have an electrically conductive resistance-heating layer which may be catalytically active and in form of a plurality of rosette-shaped conductive loops connected in series.

Abstract: A heat transfer material for heating and heating unit and heating apparatus using the same material, wherein the heat transfer material comprises a substrate 2 and an electrical insulating layer 4 as a first layer, an electrically conductive layer 5 entirely or partially provided as a second layer, and a heat insulating layer 6 as a third layer, all of which are formed in turn on the substrate 2, whereby a heat transfer material for heating which is capable of insulating a substance to be heated and highly heat efficiency uniformly heating and which has rapid thermal response is obtained.

Abstract: A heater element consisting of a metal plate, an insulating layer formed on one side of the plate, and a resistor of screen printed conductive paste including silver particles is in a winding pattern on the insulating layer. A pair of terminals are connected to the ends of the resistor. The plate has two halves along a fold-line with two holes formed so that when the heater element is folded along the fold-line the holes are disposed respectively over the terminals.

Abstract: An electrically powered ceramic composite heater useful for devices such as a cigarette lighter. The electrical resistance heater includes a discrete heating segment configuration wherein each individual segment of the heater can be activated using an electric control module, and is capable of heating to a temperature in the range of 600.degree. C. to 900.degree. C. using portable energy devices. The ceramic heater can be made by extrusion of a ceramic precursor material followed by secondary processing steps to obtain discrete heating segments. The heater design is such that a hub on one end of the heater provides structural integrity, and functions as a common for the electrical terminals. The ceramic heater can include one or more insulating or semiconductive metal compounds and one or more electrically conductive metal compounds, the compounds being present in amounts which provide a resistance which does not change by more than 20% throughout a heating cycle between ambient temperatures and 900.degree.

Abstract: A heater with a base member has a resistor extended along a length of the base member and generating heat upon electric power supply thereto. Also provided is a temperature detecting element for detecting the temperature of the base member, and first and second electric power supply contacts for supplying electric power to the resistor, the first contacts being provided only adjacent a first longitudinal end of the base member and the second contacts being provided only adjacent a second longitudinal end of the base member.

Abstract: An electric heater assembly (16) adaptable for battery operation with hand held devices for attaching, sealing or shrinking heat activated plastic or mylar film materials includes a heating element (20) comprising a planar electrically insulating substrate (18) having a heating element (20) being a thick film conductor delineated and fired on one of its planar surfaces in a configuration that realizes local high power density in the heating element and the resultant production of localized high heat energy within the substrate with minimized power consumption from an external electrical source. Enclosing the heater assembly is a sheet metal sheath (24) to provide mechanical protection and to effect heat transfer to a work. The heater assembly is positioned, with the heating element facing up, inside the sheath with its opposing surface atop of, and in intimate contact with, a planar base (24a) of the sheath, a workface (26) comprising an opposing side of the base.

Abstract: A goggle (11) that includes an electrical defogging system includes a frame (13) and a transparent lens (15). The transparent lens includes an outside layer(51 or 61) and inside layer(53 or 63) spaced from the outside layer by a peripheral gasket (55 or 65). The inside layer has an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating. The ITO coating includes an interior heating zone (33) that is electrically isolated from the edge of the inside layer. Silver bus bars (45, 47) are printed atop the ITO coating along the opposing edges of the interior heating zone adjacent the top and bottom of the goggle lens. The edge isolation regions and the bus bars are positioned and oriented such that the region (48) where the bus bars cross the nose area(41) of the goggle lens is isolated from the interior heating zone(33). Further, the bus bar that passes along the bottom of the goggle lens extends upwardly along one side of the lens. The side section of this bar is electrically isolated (39 ) from the interior heating zone.

Abstract: A heater having a multiple-layer ceramic substrate and a method for fabricating the heater are provided. The heater consists-of a plurality of ceramic layers which are laminated to form a single ceramic substrate. A plurality of resistive heating elements are deposited onto the multiple-layer ceramic substrate, which are connectable to a power source via conductive elements which extend through the substrate to the resistive heating elements. The heater may also include a terminal that allows for convenient electrical and mechanical interfacing to a smoking article.

Abstract: A design and fabrication methodology, for silicon micromachined micro-hotplates which are manufactured using commercial CMOS foundries techniques with additional post-fabrication processing. The micro-hotplates are adaptable for a host of applications. The methodology for the fabrication of the micro-hotplates is based on commercial CMOS compatible micromachining techniques. The novel aspects of the micro-hotplates are in the design, choice and layout of the materials layers, and the applications for the devices. The micro-hotplates have advantages over other similar devices in the manufacture by a standard CMOS process which include low-cost and easy integration of VLSI circuits for drive, communication, and control. The micro-hotplates can be easily incorporated into arrays of micro-hotplates each with individualized circuits for control and sensing for independent operation.

Abstract: In an oxygen sensor of the type having an oxygen ion conductive tube of solid electrolyte, a ceramic heater disposed within the oxygen ion conductive tube for heating the same is in the form of a quadrangular prism or a bar of a rectangular cross section. The ceramic heater is formed by piling up ceramic green sheets with metallic thick-film patterns for heat generating resistors interposed between adjacent two of the ceramic green sheets. The ceramic heater is so shaped as to satisfy the relation of b/a=0.75.about.1 where "a" is the width and "b" is the thickness of the ceramic heater. The metallic thick films, which the metallic thick-film patterns are turned to by firing, are arranged so as to be parallel to the side surfaces opposed in the thickness direction of the ceramic heater.

Abstract: An optical fibre cable terminating tool (16) and method for terminating a cable to a connector (13) of the type having at one end a ferrule (14) provided with a meltable adhesive therein. The tool (16) has a recess 16a for receiving and locating a connector (13) with its ferrule end projecting from the recess and permitting the end to be inserted into a heating recess of an oven. A heat sensitive element (36) is provided on the tool spaced from the recess end and this displays a change in appearance at a predetermined temperature which is indicative of a higher temperature at the ferrule at which higher temperature the adhesive is molten.

Abstract: A flexible heating element is composed of at least one resistive conductor circuit having a first pair of ends, two sheets of electrically insulating material enclosing the conductor circuit, and a member for connecting the conductor circuit to at least one exterior electric unit. The member for connecting is constututed by at least one flexible connection tongue forming a projecting portion of the heating element. Two connection strips are each conductively connected to a respective end of the conductor circuit and are dimensioned to have a resistance appropriate to their connection function.

Abstract: A window glass comprising at least one sheet of glass coated with an electroconductive ITO layer, pyrolyzed from powdered components, combined with a flexible plastic material of the PVB, PU, PVC type, with an index approaching more the index of the ITO layer than the index of air, with which the said layer is coated, and a sheet of glass dyed in the mass, with the same color as the ITO layer, and with properties of reduced energy transmission also entering advantageously into the composition of the window glass is provided. The invention particularly applies to the production of heated windshields for automobiles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite temperature-sensitive element having temperature self-controlling characteristics, which comprises graphite or carbon black, a lowly dimensional substance composed mainly of a crosslinked polymer and a linear polymer, and optionally, an inorganic compound, said lowly dimensional substance and said inorganic compound being conjugated with the graphite or carbon black. In this temperature-sensitive element, the change of the resistance value with the lapse of time is very small even when the element is repeatedly used, stable temperature-electroconductivity characteristics are manifested, there is no risk of local super-heating, and temperature self-detecting and controlling functions are manifested at various stages as the sensor of the molecule level.

Abstract: A heater array for an ink jet printhead includes an insulating substrate, which can be a layer of ceramic, flexible plastic, insulated flexible metal, polysilicon, or single crystalline silicon. A first material layer is deposited atop the insulating substrate and patterned in parallel stripes. A first insulating layer is deposited atop the first material layer and patterned with contact windows above the first material layer in corresponding desired heating locations, usually in a symmetrical grid. A second material layer is deposited atop the first insulating layer and pattern in parallel stripes orthogonal to those in the first material layer. The first and second material layers are in physical and electrical contact with each other through the contact windows in the first insulating layer to form a resistive diode junction at each desired heating location. The entire surface of the heating array is covered with a second insulating layer, with contacts provided to the first and second material layers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for controlling the conductance of heated structures used to initiate faster light-off in emission control systems such as used for automotive catalytic converters, diesel particulate filters and industrial stacks and other applications in which the exhaust gas stream temperature is too low to initiate fast light-off. The invention also relates to a method for minimizing the amount of conductive material used for making such structures.

Abstract: A plurality of resistive heating elements and conductive elements are screenprinted onto a ceramic substrate to form a heater having multiple resistive heating elements. Slots formed between adjacent resistive heating elements members provide air gaps to thermally insulate each heating element from neighboring elements. Gold-plated leads provide low contact resistance for receiving power from a battery for energizing each of the resistive heating elements.

Abstract: The mirror assembly uses a non-reflective conductive coating as a heating element for preventing fog formation on a mirror exposed to a humid environment such as is found in a bathroom. As compared to conductive reflective mirror coatings, the non-reflective conductive coatings used in this invention have a relatively high resistance, which allows high reflectivity mirrors to be made fog-free. The conductive coatings may be split into separate conductive elements with one or more scribe lines in order to control the length of the conductive path from inlet bus to outlet bus. The buses may be made from an ultra thin foil tape, which can be adhered to the conductive coatings, and which is solderable for securement of power lines thereto. Such a bus tape possesses both in plane and through plane conductive characteristics and can easily be cut to any length desired for the mirror sizes being produced.

Abstract: A conductive polymeric tape has elongate electrodes, (6) extending along its long edges, and comprises a central longitudinal strip (8) of different resistance to the remainder of the tape. The strip (8) extends part way only along the tape. The tape may also, or instead, contain discontinuities (20) preferably extending across the tape. The purpose of the strip (8) and the discontinuities (20) is to control the passage of electrical current and also the heat output of different parts of the tape.

Abstract: A novel method of forming a heating element in a proper place on the surface of a composite, molded material made up of a multiplicity of layers of individual element where the elements are overlapped each other, suitably on a mandrel, until the composite article almost completely built up; the last element has a plastic strip disposed on the surface thereof which will be the outermost surface of the molded article, and on the surface of this plastic strip, which is directed away from the rest of the composite article, there is disposed at least one printed resistance circuit in such position(s) as to provide heating coverage for so much of the surface of the composite article as is required. This composite article is then molded, suitably by compression, to form the desired final article with the heating circuit on an exposed surface. If desired, suitable electric cables can be attached to the heating circuit.

Abstract: A heater comprises an insulating substrate which carries a parallel pair of conductor strips. The respective conductor strips are spaced from each other transversely thereof but electrically connected to each other by a plurality of heating resistors which are spaced longitudinally of the respective conductor strips. Advantageously, the heating resistors are arranged or configured so that the heater will have a temperature distribution which is equalized longitudinally.

Abstract: A heater apparatus includes an electrically insulative base plate and a plurality of independent resistors, extending along a length of the base plate, for producing heat upon electric energization thereof. A temperature detecting element detects a temperature of the base plate, and a controller controls a supply of electric power to the plurality of independent resistors so that the temperature detected by the detecting element approaches a predetermined temperature. A selecting device selects at least one of the resistors to be energized to change a resultant resistance of the selected resistors in accordance with an output of the detecting element.

Abstract: A domestic cooking appliance having a housing whose top surface is formed with a flat cooking surface made from a layer of ceramic material of high thermal shock resistance capable of being heated to a temperature of at least 200.degree. C. A foil heating element supplies heat to the lower surface of the layer of ceramic material. A metal layer is mounted on the opposite surface of the foil heating element via an electrical insulator and a thermal insulator layer is disposed on the back surface of the metal layer.

Abstract: A linear heater comprises an insulating substrate, at least one resistor strip formed on the substrate, insulating edge members formed on the substrate to extend along the respective longitudinal margins of the resistor strip in contact therewith, and a heat-resistant protective coating formed on the substrate for covering the resistor strip and the respective edge members. The respective edge members, which themselves provide an insulating function, compensate for a thickness reduction of the protective coating at positions corresponding to the longitudinal margins of the resistor strip.

Abstract: A thermal probe for measuring and controlling the temperature of a transparent, multi-panel assembly in which one of the panels has an electrically conductive coating which serves as a radiant heat source. A sensor, urged against the panel having the coating, senses the temperature of this panel and controls a power source which powers the coating. A compressible spacing member, fitted between the sensor and the other transparent panel, urges the sensor into proximity with the panel being measured and controlled.

Abstract: The mirror assembly uses a reflective coating as a heating element for preventing fog formation on a mirror exposed to a humid environment such as is found in a bathroom. As compared to other typically reflective mirror coatings, the coating used in this invention has a relatively high resistance. The coating may be split into separate conductive elements with one or more scribe lines in order to control the length of the conductive path from inlet bus to outlet bus. The buses are made from an ultra thin foil tape which can be adhered to the reflective coating and which is solderable for securement of power lines thereto. The bus tape possesses both in plane and through plane conductive characteristics and can simply be cut to any length desired for the mirror sizes being produced.

Abstract: A heater for a sheet material comprises an insulating substrate, and a plurality of heating resistor strips formed on the substrate to extend in parallel to each other between first and second common electrodes. At least one of the resistor strips is electrically connected to both of the first and second common electrodes while at least another of the resistor strips is electrically separated from the first common electrode.

Abstract: Proposed is an improved double-layered ceramic heater consisting of an insulating ceramic base plate and two patterned resistance heater element layers formed on both surfaces of the base plate. The improvement comprises forming the patterned heater element layers in such a fashion that the gap space of the heater element layer on one surface, where no heat is evolved by energizing, is opposite face-to-face with the complementary heat-evolving area of the heater element layer on the other surface of the base plate so as to improve uniformity of the temperature distribution over the whole surface of the ceramic heater.

Abstract: A linear heater comprises an insulating substrate, at least one resistor strip formed on the substrate, and a heat-resistant protective coating formed on the substrate for covering the resistor strip. The resistor strip has a double-layer structure which includes a first resistor layer formed directly on the substrate, and a second resistor layer formed on the first resistor layer. The first resistor layer has a pair of upwardly bulging longitudinal margins, whereas the second resistor layer is formed between the pair of upwardly bulging longitudinal margins of the first resistor layer to provide a substantially flat surface.

Abstract: A heating element comprising a three dimensional substrate having coating-containing electrically conductive tin oxide on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, the coated substrate being adapted and structured to provide heat in response to the presence of one or more electrical and/or magnetic fields.

Abstract: A heater for a sheet material comprises an insulating substrate and a main resistor strip formed on the substrate. The substrate is further formed with auxiliary resistor strips adjacent to both ends of the main resistor strip. In operation, the main and auxiliary resistor strips are actuated simultaneously for heat generation. As a result, the additional heat generated by the auxiliary resistor strips compensates for higher heat dissipation at both ends of the heater, thereby equalizing the temperature distribution longitudinally of the heater.

Abstract: A heater for heating a moving sheet material by contact therewith is used, for example, in electrophotographic apparatus for fixing toner to printing paper. The heater comprises an insulating substrate formed with a striplike heating element on its upper surface, and a support plate for supporting the substrate. A higher heat preserving property is given to the opposite end portions of the heating element than to a longitudinal intermediate portion thereof to thereby compensate for a temperature reduction at the element end portions and make the heating element uniform in temperature over the entire length thereof.

Abstract: A heating element includes a multi-channel monolith substrate having a coating containing electrically conductive tin oxide on at least a plurality of the channels thereof, the coated substrate being adapted and structured to provide heat in response to the presence of one or more electrical and/or magnetic fields.

Abstract: A thermal fixing apparatus including a heater and a pressure roller pressed against the heater. The heater has a substrate, an electrical heating element mounted on the substrate and a protective layer covering the electrical heating element, the protective layer having a concave contacting edge. The pressure roller is fitted against the concave contacting edge of the protective layer of the heater.

Abstract: Between the high electronic conduction structures of the multilayer assembly an electric voltage signal is applied of which at least one portion includes an alternating component which has an amplitude between 0.05 and 100 volts and a frequency lower than 5 kHz and preferably between 2 and 2000 Hz so as to generate within the multilayer assembly an alternating ion current susceptible of producing a heating of the ion conducting macromolecular material by Joule effect. Application to the heating of electrochemical current generators in thin layers with solid polymer electrolyte or to the surface heating of elements of various regular or irregular shapes of which the surface is coated with the multilayer assembly.

Abstract: Formed bodies of glass, especially glass panes, are disclosed provided with electrically conductive circuits and with a colored appearance of the circuits upon looking through the glass and a method of their production. A layer of essentially pigments based on inorganic compounds is located between the optionally enamelled formed body of glass and the circuit which layer is connected via adhesive bridges of a vitrifying material to the formed body and to the circuits. The method of production is carried out by the application of a coating material which contains pigments and is free of vitrifying materials onto a formed body and (ii) the application of a conductive paste thereover containing a vitrifying material and (iii) a heat treatment.

Abstract: A positive temperature coefficient composition including a monomeric crystalline organic material is disclosed having a preselected switching temperature below about 150.degree. Fahrenheit. Devices incorporating same and related method of manufacture are set forth. The material includes a continuous, single phase solution of a polymer, for providing cohesion and flexibility to the positive temperature coefficient material.

Abstract: A heater for heating a sheet material along a standard contact line comprises an insulating substrate, and a heating resistor strip formed on a surface of the substrate to extend longitudinally thereof. The resistor strip has an intermediate portion which is located transversely offset from the standard contact line, and a pair of end portions located at least partially at the standard contact line.

Abstract: A heater comprises an insulating substrate which carries a pair of transversely conductor strips, a resistor line extending between the respective conductor strips. The respective conductor strips are connected to the resistor line by electrode teeth spaced longitudinally of the main resistor line and arranged in staggered relation on both sides of the resistor line.

Abstract: A thermal probe for measuring and controlling the temperature of a transparent, multi-panel assembly in which one of the panels has an electrically conductive coating which serves as a radiant heat source. A sensor, urged against the panel having the coating, senses the temperature of this panel and controls a power source which powers the coating. A compressible spacing member, fitted between the sensor and the other transparent panel, urges the sensor into proximity with the panel being measured and controlled.

Abstract: A radiant heater in the form of an overlay for an incubator hood. The heater has an optically transparent, radiotransparent and phototherapy transparent electrically conductive coating, preferably indium tin oxide, and includes appropriate retaining hook structure for retaining the heater on an incubator hood.